JPH03186277A - Fire extinguishing/smoke extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce smoke at the time of a fire by providing a fire extinguishing nozzle for pouring fire extinguishing water, a fire extinguishing water supply part for supplying fire extinguishing water of high pressure to which a surface active agent of specific PPM is added, to this nozzle, and a control means for controlling the supply of fire extinguishing water to the fire extinguishing nozzle. CONSTITUTION:When a fire is generated in a room, a thermal sensor 3 outputs a signal corresponding to fire strength to a discriminating part 4, and when the fire strength exceeds a prescribed level, the discriminating part 4 actuates a fire hydrant pump 7 (fire extinguishing water supply part), pours water from a fire hydrant 70 and extinguishes a fire. Also, when the fire strength increases, and a fire extinguishing nozzle 1 opens a valve, fire extinguishing water in a piping 10 in which water W in a fire extinguishing water tank 2 (fire extinguishing water supply part) is always maintained in high pressure by a sprinkler pump 5 (fire extinguishing water supply part) is injected from the fire extinguishing nozzle 1. Water injected or poured from the nozzle 1 or the fire hydrant 70 is scattered to each part in the room, and in the settling process of its water, smoke particles are caught and smoke is extinguished from the inside of the room. Also, since a surface active agent of 0.1-3000PPM is added, the smoke particle catching capacity of water is improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device that reduces smoke generated when a building fire is extinguished.

[Prior Art] The main cause of human damage caused by recent building fires is the smoke generated. In other words, in the early stages of a fire, a large amount of smoke generated from building materials blocks visibility and delays evacuation, which eventually becomes fatal due to smoke, toxic gas, and even heat.

Conventional smoke prevention measures for building fires include fire doors that block smoke from entering evacuation routes such as stairs, smoke exhaust fans that detect smoke and exhaust it to the outside, and smoke particles that are charged by corona discharge. Electrostatic precipitator-type smoke extinguishers are used in which the dust is attracted to an electrode (generally the wall of a building).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the above-mentioned fire shutter merely blocks smoke locally, and visibility decreases on the smoke-filled side, making it difficult to breathe. It is difficult to suppress smoke in various parts of a building to the desired level using a smoke exhaust fan due to the scale of the device, and there is also the disadvantage of introducing fresh air into the combustion area. Electrostatic precipitator type smoke extinguishers are also suitable for localized smoke elimination, but are similarly difficult to eliminate smoke from various parts of buildings due to the scale of the device.

The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object to be solved is to provide a means for reducing smoke during a fire.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device of the present invention includes a fire extinguishing nozzle that sprays fire extinguishing water, and a high pressure fire extinguishing water to which 0.1 to 3000 PPM of surfactant is added. and a control means for controlling the supply of the fire extinguishing water to the fire extinguishing nozzle.

For example, the fire extinguishing water supply section can be configured with a surfactant addition device that adds surfactant to fire extinguishing water pressurized by a pump. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing water supply section can also be constituted by a fire extinguishing water tank that stores fire extinguishing water to which a surfactant has been added, and a pump that pressurizes the fire extinguishing water in the water tank and supplies it to the fire extinguishing nozzle.

Furthermore, by applying a high voltage to the extinguishing nozzle, the indexed water droplets can be charged. Generally, smoke is positively or negatively (generally negatively) charged, so by reversely charging (generally positively charging) the ejected water droplets, smoke elimination performance can be improved.

The surfactant may be cationic, anionic, amphoteric, or nonionic, but cationic surfactants are more suitable because they are suitable for adsorbing negatively charged smoke particles.

The S degree of the cationic surfactant is preferably 1 to 100 PPM.

The concentration of the anionic surfactant is preferably 1 to 100 PPM. The concentration of amphoteric surfactant is 10~
It is preferable to set it as 3000PPM.

The concentration of nonionic surfactant is 10 to 3000 PPM
It is preferable that Outside the above range, the smoke eliminating effect will be reduced.

The surface tension of water droplets is less than 40 dyne/cm, and even more
It is preferable to use 0 dyne/cm2.

The lower the surface tension, the better the smoke extinguishing effect is in general. For example, when a fire is detected, the control means drives the extinguishing water supply unit to supply high pressure water to the extinguishing nozzle, and the extinguishing nozzle injects extinguishing water. It becomes possible.

The sprayed fire extinguishing water hits objects and becomes minute water droplets that temporarily remain in the air.

Floating smoke particles get wet with, or adhere to, these water droplets, and
Precipitate together. Wet surfaces on interior walls and features also trap smoke particles.

In particular, a surfactant added to water droplets in a range of 0.1 to 3000 PPM further improves the collection of smoke particles by water droplets due to its high wettability or electrostatic bonding force.

[Example] (Example 1) An example of the fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

This fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device is used as building fire extinguishing equipment, and includes a fire extinguishing nozzle 1, a heat detector 3, a discrimination unit 4, a high voltage power supply 6, a fire extinguishing water tank 2, a sprinkler pump 5, a fire hydrant pump 7, a fire hydrant. It is equipped with 70.

Here, the fire extinguishing water tank 2, the sprinkler pump 5, and the fire hydrant pump 7 are used as a fire extinguishing water supply section in the present invention.

To explain in detail below, the ceiling portion 101 of the room 100
A plurality of fire extinguishing nozzles 1 are provided.

The fire extinguishing nozzle 1 is for a sprinkler system,
Normally, the valve is closed by a built-in low melting point fuse, and when the low melting point fuse melts due to a fire, fire extinguishing water in the piping 10, which is always maintained at high pressure, is injected into the room 100.

The piping 10 is connected to a fire extinguishing water tank 2 via a sprinkler pump 5.
Furthermore, the fire water tank 2 is connected to a fire hydrant pump 7.
It is connected to a plurality of fire hydrants 70 via.

The fire extinguishing water tank 2 holds a predetermined amount of fire extinguishing water to which 3 PPM of cationic surfactant is added.

Note that water is automatically replenished into the fire extinguishing water tank 2 by a float valve (not shown), so the surfactant is periodically measured and replenished.

Further, a heat sensor 3 is provided on the indoor ceiling 101, and the heat sensor 3 always outputs a signal to a control section (control means) 4.

The determination unit 4 is composed of a microcomputer device, and determines the output current of the heat sensor 3 to detect the amount of heat rays input to the heat sensor 3, and when the detected amount of heat rays exceeds a specified level, that is, a predetermined intensity is detected. When the above flame is detected, an activation signal is output to the motor control section (not shown) and the high voltage power supply 6.

The output end of the high voltage power supply 6 is connected to the fire extinguishing nozzle 1 through an insulating coating type 1!20. When an activation signal is input from the lJ separate section 4, a high voltage (approximately +10 kV) is output to the fire extinguishing nozzle 1.

The fire extinguishing nozzle 1 is connected to the pipe 10 via a Teflon seal (not shown), and the high voltage is applied only to the extinguishing nozzle 1.

The operation of this fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device will be explained below.
When a fire occurs at 0, the heat detector 3 outputs a signal corresponding to the flame intensity to the discriminator 4, and when the flame intensity exceeds a specified level, the discriminator 4 starts the fire hydrant pump 7 to remove the fire hydrant 7.
Make it possible to extinguish fires by spraying water from zero.

Furthermore, when the flame intensity increases and the extinguishing nozzle 1 opens,
Fire extinguishing water in piping 10, which is constantly maintained at high pressure, is injected from fire extinguishing nozzle 1. At this time, when the water pressure in the pipe 10 decreases due to the copper, the pressure sensor (not shown) provided in the pipe 10 detects the water pressure drop, and based on this water pressure drop signal, the motor controller (not shown) controls the sprinkler. - Start the pump 5 to maintain the pressure in the pipe 10 at high pressure.

The water jetted or discharged from these fire extinguishing nozzles 1 or fire hydrants 70 to extinguish the fire wets various parts of the room 100, and
The water droplets are scattered inside the room 100, and as a result, the scattered water droplets collect smoke particles in the sedimentation process, thereby eliminating smoke from the room 100.

Since a high positive potential is applied to the water droplets, the water droplets also collect negatively charged smoke particles by electrostatic force.

Furthermore, smoke particles are well collected even on the wet walls of the room 100.

Furthermore, since 3 PPM of surfactant is added to the water, the water wets smoke particles more easily than when no surfactant is added, and the smoke particle trapping ability of water is significantly improved. It has been improved. This is considered to be mainly because the surface tension of water is reduced and the wettability of water is improved.

The average particle diameter of the water droplets ejected from the fire extinguishing nozzle 3 is determined depending on the spray pressure and the nozzle shape, but it is preferable that most of the water droplet diameters fall within the range of 0.01 to 1 mm.

Next, the smoke eliminating effect when spraying surfactant-added water will be explained below.

The experimental equipment has a frontage of 340 cm, as shown in Figure 2.
A sealed box 30 with a height of 1200 m and a depth of 60 cm is used, and three booth openings 32 are provided on each of two side walls 31 and 31 facing each other. An objective lens (not shown) is attached to each small aperture 32, and the optical axes of the pair of facing lenses are aligned. In the figure, a light emitting device 34 is provided on each optical axis outside the left side wall 31, and similarly, a light emitting device 34 is provided outside the right side wall 31.
A light receiving device 35 is provided on each optical axis, and the IJ
).

Each light emitting device 34 includes an incandescent light bulb (not shown), and the light emitted from the incandescent light bulb enters the light receiving device 35 through a pair of left and right lenses and is converted into an electric current.

Further, a fire extinguishing nozzle 36 for spraying the test liquid inside the sealed box 30 is installed at the top of the box 30, and a power source 37 consisting of 6.1 grams of mosquito coil is installed at the bottom of the sealed box 30.

The experiment was conducted by spraying each test water for a predetermined period of time after the mosquito coil was burned.

In addition, the light receiving device @ 3 before the experiment (before smoke generation)
5 output formwork, (1100mA (equivalent to approximately 300 lutas)
It was investigated.

It is thought that the output current (illuminance) is approximately inversely proportional to 1 degree of smoke. Spray time is 5 seconds, spray water amount (16.5CG)
, the average particle size of the ejected water droplets is O0423mm and 0.225mm.
mm. In Figures 3 to 9, the dotted lines indicate an average particle size of 0.
In the case of 423 mm, the solid line is the case where the average grain size is 0.225 mm. Further, experiments were also conducted in the case where water to which no surfactant was added was sprayed, and in the case where no water was sprayed at all (no spraying).

Figures 3 to 9 show changes in the above current over time.
As can be seen from the figure, the current increase (
Compared to the extent of visibility recovery, spraying water without surfactant has almost no smoke elimination effect.

The current can be significantly increased by mixing an appropriate amount of surfactant. However, the surfactant concentration that produces the maximum effect varies greatly depending on the type of surfactant. That is, the concentration of anionic surfactant was
As shown in Figures 3 and 4 using a needle (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation), 0.1 to 3000 PPM,
In particular, 10 to 1100 PP is good.

The concentration of the cationic surfactant was determined using Sanizol C and Cortamine 24P (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation).
As shown in Figures and Figure 7, 0°1~3000PP
M, particularly preferably 1 to 1100PP. Furthermore, Sanizol C was superior to Cortamine 24P.

The S degree of the amphoteric surfactant is as shown in Figure 5 using Amphitol 2ON (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation).
It is preferably 0.1 to 3000 PPM, particularly 10 to 3000 PPM.

The concentration of the nonionic surfactant is 1 to 3000 PP, as shown in Figures 8 and 9 using Emulken 120 and Emulken 909 (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation).
M is good. 110PP for nonionic surfactants
The effect is high in the low concentration region such as 11,000 PP and the high concentration region such as 11000 PP, giving a bimodal characteristic.

Next, actual results are shown in FIG. 10 for the case where the average particle size of the injected water droplets was reduced to about 0,'+mm using Sanizol C, which is a cationic surfactant.

The amount of spray water remained at approximately 16.5 cc, and the spray time was 26.
Extended to seconds. In this case, it was found that because the average particle size of the ejected water droplets was minute, the current decreased immediately after spraying and then recovered as the water droplets coagulated and settled. From this experimental result, the average particle size of the ejected water droplets is at least about 0.1 m.
It can be seen that it is effective if it is greater than or equal to m.

Next, Figures 11 and 12 show the case where Sanizol C is used, the spray time is 5 seconds, the amount of sprayed ice is kept at 16.5 cc, and the shape of the fire extinguishing nozzle 36 is changed to that of a commercially available sprinkler. Shown below.

Figure 11 shows the average particle size of the ejected water droplets is about 0.225 mm, and Figure 12 shows the average particle size of the ejected water droplets of about 0.423 mm.
This is the case when it is set as mm. As a result, similar results were obtained regardless of the change in the fire extinguishing nozzle 36.

Next, FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the surface tension of surfactant-added water and non-surfactant-added water and changes in illuminance.

However, the average particle size of the ejected water droplets was about 0.178 mm, the amount of water sprayed was 16.5 CC, and the spray time was 5 seconds.

Note that the illuminance immediately before spraying was 40 lux. As can be seen from FIG. 13, the smaller the surface tension of the water droplets, the faster the illuminance increasing effect, that is, the visibility improving effect appears.

The above experimental results further revealed the following.

That is, Sanizol C, a cationic surfactant, has a good smoke eliminating effect. This is thought to be because smoke particles are generally negatively charged and attract the positively charged cationic surfactant to improve the adsorption effect.

Furthermore, among anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants, those with a benzene ring (for example, Sanizol C shown in Figure 7) have a smoke eliminating effect, but those without it (for example, Cortamine 24P shown in Figure 8) It was also found that it is superior to

In addition to the above explanation, the fire extinguishing device of the present invention can also be used for transportation. For example, this fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device may be mounted on a fire engine. For example, a fire engine is equipped with a liquid tank that stores a surfactant liquid containing a high concentration (for example, several percent) of surfactant and a small-capacity replenishment pump, and when water is sprayed, a water spray pump for extinguishing fires is installed. The surfactant liquid is injected into the inlet side (low-pressure side) of the fire engine using the replenishment pump.As a result, the diluted surfactant water is sprayed from the bow of the fire engine, producing a smoke eliminating effect.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, since the fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device of the present invention sprays water to which 0.1 to 3000 PPM of surfactant has been added from the fire extinguishing nozzle, it is possible to extinguish the fire and extinguish the smoke at the same time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device of the first embodiment;
Figure 2 is a sectional view showing the experimental equipment, and Figure 3 is a current (
Visibility>-Time Characteristic Diagrams FIGS. 4 to 13 are characteristic diagrams showing the influence of surface tension values of various surfactant-added waters in visibility recovery experiments by spraying various surfactant-added waters. 1... Fire extinguishing nozzle 2... Fire extinguishing water tank (extinguishing water supply section)

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A fire extinguishing nozzle that sprays fire extinguishing water, a fire extinguishing water supply unit that supplies fire extinguishing water to the fire extinguishing nozzle with 0.1 to 3000 PPM of surfactant added, and supplying the fire extinguishing water to the fire extinguishing nozzle. A fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device comprising a control means for controlling the. (2) The fire extinguishing water supply section includes a fire extinguishing water tank that stores fire extinguishing water to which a surfactant has been added, and a pump that pressurizes the fire extinguishing water in the tank and supplies it to the fire extinguishing nozzle. Fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing equipment as described. (3) The fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing device according to claim 1, further comprising a high voltage power supply that applies a high voltage to the nozzle.