JP2005282092A - Gathering tank, topsoil gathering device and topsoil gathering method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gathering tank, a topsoil gathering device and a topsoil gathering method capable of easily gathering topsoil of relatively large capacity while accurately measuring its volume. <P>SOLUTION: This topsoil gathering device is composed of a hollow tank 21, a gathering tank 2 composed of a suction hole 22 and a pressure reducing hole 23 carved on the ceiling of the tank 21, a gauge window 24 arranged on a side surface of the tank 21 so as to be capable of visually confirming capacity of a gathering material inside of the tank 21, a valve 25 arranged on the side surface of the tank 21 so as to be capable of delivering air into the tank 21 and a diffusing blade 32 provided on the tip of a vertical bar body 31 rotatably suspended and held around a shaft from the ceiling inside of the tank 21, a suction hose 71 communicated with the suction hole 22, a suction device 5 provided on the tip of the suction hose 71, a pressure reducing hose 72 communicated with the pressure reducing hole 23, and a vacuum device 61 communicated with the pressure reducing hose 72. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for collecting topsoil containing buried seeds used when planting slopes, slopes, and the like, and a method for collecting topsoil using the device.

  In the past, the slopes, including the slopes that became bare due to the eruption of the mountains, were conventionally used to spread soil containing alien species on the slopes. However, due to concerns about environmental problems such as disruption of ecosystems due to alien species and gene disruption due to introduced species, recently, bare soil such as by adding vegetation base materials such as fertilizers to the topsoil containing buried seeds in the surrounding area. A method of visiting the land to the ground is adopted. The buried seeds are usually mixed between several centimeters to several tens of centimeters of the surface of the mountain, and the method of collecting the topsoil containing such buried seeds is to excavate the surface layer using a heavy machine such as a backhoe. It was done. However, the backhoe has problems such as deep excavation of the surface layer and environmental problems such as the destruction of forest floors caused by heavy machinery traveling and the cutting of standing trees that obstruct heavy machinery intrusion. Therefore, various techniques have been disclosed for such a topsoil collecting device.

Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method in which a layer including fallen leaves on the surface of the collection site is dissolved, and the broken leaves and fallen seeds are vacuum sucked as vegetation material and collected in a tank. Specifically, an air case having a lower end opened at the tip of a grip made of pipe for sucking defoliation connected to a vacuum suction means, and the surface layer defoliation over several cm while blowing high-pressure air in the air case, High-pressure air is also blown in the suction direction to increase suction efficiency.
According to the method described above, it is possible to easily collect fallen leaves and surface soil including fallen leaves and fallen seeds with a lightweight vacuum device.

Patent Document 3 discloses a topsoil collecting device provided with a bag body that can be lifted by human power when collecting topsoil at a discharge port of a suction device that sucks topsoil including buried seeds. Specifically, a jet stream is introduced as a suction device to form a negative pressure region, and an ejector device that discharges the topsoil sucked into the negative pressure region to the topsoil collection bag body, and the suction device is connected to the suction port It is a device composed of a flexible suction hose and a topsoil collection bag connected to the discharge port of the ejector device.
Since the apparatus described above sucks the topsoil into the topsoil collection bag near the discharge port, it is not necessary to use a transport hose over a long distance, and therefore there is no problem of blocking the hose during topsoil transport. Further, by using a suction device provided with an ejector device, the suction device can be reduced in size, leading to improved workability.

Patent Document 4 discloses a topsoil collecting device including a suction nozzle provided with topsoil loosening means. Here, as the topsoil loosening means, a configuration in which an injection nozzle is provided around the suction nozzle to enable air injection, and a configuration in which the injection nozzle is provided around the suction nozzle to enable jet water to be injected, The structure etc. which arrange | positioned the crushing blade around the suction nozzle are disclosed.
According to the topsoil collecting device described above, it is possible to suck the topsoil around the suction nozzle, and the suction nozzle is connected to the suction machine via the hose, so the suction nozzle is held in hand. The topsoil can be easily collected just by moving.
JP 2001-231353 A JP 2000-270674 A JP 2003-143938 A JP 2001-348877 A

The above-described conventional topsoil collecting apparatus and topsoil collecting method have the following problems.
That is, according to the topsoil collection method disclosed in Patent Document 1 or 2, it is possible to easily collect topsoil and fallen seeds using a lightweight vacuum device. Further, according to the topsoil collecting device disclosed in Patent Document 3, since the topsoil is sucked into the topsoil collecting bag body in the vicinity of the discharge port of the device, there is no problem such as blocking of the hose during topsoil conveyance, and work efficiency A good topsoil collection can be realized. In addition, according to the topsoil collecting device disclosed in Patent Document 4, it is possible to suck the topsoil around the suction nozzles, so that the topsoil can be easily collected simply by holding the suction nozzle in hand. it can. However, the above-mentioned topsoil collecting apparatus and topsoil collecting method cannot accurately measure the volume of the collected topsoil and cannot collect a relatively large capacity of topsoil so that it can be carried out. That is, it is necessary to collect the topsoil in a large number of small bags and transport it to a truck, so that the work becomes complicated and the total work time including the carry-out of the bag body becomes very long. In addition, since the volume of the topsoil collected is unclear, the volume of the topsoil is measured again at the transport destination, then it is refilled into a bag and then transported to the site. There is a problem that it takes time and labor to transport to the car.

In order to solve the above problems, the topsoil collecting apparatus of the present invention includes a hollow tank, a suction hole and a decompression hole carved in the ceiling of the tank, and a collection inside the tank on the side surface of the tank. A gauge window provided so that the volume of the object can be visually recognized, a valve provided on the side of the tank so that air can be discharged into the tank, and a vertical bar suspended from the ceiling inside the tank so as to be rotatable about an axis. A topsoil collecting apparatus having a collection tank, which is characterized by comprising diffusion feathers provided at the tip of the body, as its constituent elements. Here, the tank is configured with an open lower end, and covers the bag body from below the tank so that the collected material can be collected in the tank through the suction hole, and the bag body is lifted by lifting the tank. It is also possible to provide a collection tank characterized in that the collection can be accommodated. Further, the tank comprises a horizontally extending horizontal bar suspended from the ceiling of the tank so as to be rotatable about an axis, and a rotating wing provided on a side surface of the horizontal bar, wherein the rotating wing is provided in the decompression hole. Arranged directly below, the diffusion wing is arranged directly below the suction hole, and is attached to the horizontal rod body and rotatable in a vertical plane, and attached to the vertical rod body and rotatable in a horizontal plane. It is also possible to provide a collection tank that is structured such that it can rotate in conjunction with a horizontal gear.
The topsoil collecting apparatus of the present invention includes the collection tank, a suction hose communicated with the suction hole, a suction device provided at a tip of the suction hose, a decompression hose communicated with the decompression hole, and the decompression hose. A topsoil collecting device comprising: a vacuum device communicated with
By reducing the pressure in the collection tank with a vacuum device, the topsoil can be sucked into the collection tank from the suction hose. Here, during decompression, a flow of air toward the decompression hole is generated in the collection tank, and the rotating blades directly under the decompression hole receive the airflow to rotate the horizontal rod body, and power is transmitted from the vertical gear to the horizontal gear. The vertical rod rotates, and the diffusion blades directly under the suction hole rotate at the same time. By reducing the pressure inside the collection tank, the top soil is sucked from the suction hole, but the top soil that has entered the tank is diffused into the tank by the rotating diffusion blades and falls and accumulates downward. That is, the above-described rotating blades and gear mechanism are devices provided for effectively collecting the collected topsoil in the tank by effectively utilizing the wind power. If such a device is not provided, the topsoil that has been sucked and dropped from the suction hole accumulates in a mountain shape with an angle of repose (internal friction angle) unique to the topsoil, so the topsoil collected in the tank It is impossible to measure the exact volume.
Furthermore, the above-described apparatus also makes it easier for the topsoil that has been sucked up to accumulate immediately below the suction holes. In order to diffuse the topsoil collected just under the suction holes in this way, a valve capable of sucking air into the tank is provided on the side of the tank. Since the tank is in a decompressed state, air is sucked into the tank by opening the valve. Here, it is preferable that the air discharge pipe connected to the valve is provided on the side surface of the tank so that the angle of the discharge port can be adjusted. By opening the valve with the outlet of the discharge pipe facing the location where the topsoil is accumulated, the air sucked from the valve can be blown and diffused to the accumulated topsoil.
As described above, the volume of the topsoil collected in the tank can be accurately measured by keeping the ceiling of the topsoil collected and deposited in the tank substantially flat.

  Further, the suction device that constitutes the topsoil collecting device may include a cylindrical main body, an adjustment valve that can adjust the area of the suction port at the tip thereof, and an ejector that communicates with the air compressor. . For example, a plate that can be slid up and down is attached to the front of the suction port, and when the suction extension becomes longer and the suction force decreases, the plate is lowered to reduce the suction port area and increase the suction force Can do. Furthermore, as means for further increasing the suction force, an ejector projecting outward from the side surface or plate of the cylinder and an air compressor such as a compressor can be communicated to provide compressed air in the suction direction in the cylinder.

Further, the topsoil collecting method of the present invention is a topsoil collecting method using the topsoil collecting device described above, and the topsoil is dissolved, the inside of the collection tank is depressurized and the topsoil is sucked from the suction port, and a certain amount of soil is collected. The topsoil collecting method is characterized in that after collecting the topsoil, the collection tank is lifted, topsoil is accommodated in the bag body covered from below, and the bag body containing topsoil is carried out.
In the process of collecting topsoil in the tank, topsoil is collected while the top of the topsoil is flattened. After confirming the collection of a certain amount of topsoil, by lifting the collection tank with a UNIC vehicle etc., the measured topsoil will be accommodated in the bag body previously covered from the opened lower end of the collection tank. . The bag containing the topsoil is loaded onto a truck while being suspended by a UNIC vehicle.
According to this method, a relatively large volume of topsoil of about 1 m ³ can be collected while accurately measuring the volume, and it can be stored in a bag and transported at a stretch. Time can be significantly reduced.

The collection tank, the topsoil collection device, and the topsoil collection method of the present invention can obtain the following effects by means for solving the above-described problems. That is, a relatively large volume of topsoil can be collected while accurately measuring its volume, and the collected large volume of topsoil can be loaded onto a truck and carried out at once. Therefore, when taking into account the collection of topsoil to the transport to the land site, it is possible to achieve much more efficient topsoil collection than in the past.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a topsoil collecting apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the collection tank constituting the topsoil collecting device, and FIG. 3 also shows the diffusion mode of the topsoil while showing the inside as a perspective view. FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of the valve provided on the side surface of the collection tank, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the suction device constituting the topsoil collection device.
Hereinafter, as a collection to be collected in the collection tank 2, the topsoil H of Yamano that includes buried seed will be described.

<1> Configuration of Topsoil Collection Device A topsoil collection device 1 of the present invention includes a collection tank 2 that collects topsoil H, a suction hose 71 that communicates with a suction hole 22 carved in the ceiling of the collection tank 2, and the suction hose. The suction device 5 provided at the tip of 71, the decompression hose 72 communicated with the decompression hole 23 carved in the ceiling of the collection tank 2, the vacuum device 61 communicated with the decompression hose 72, and the hose from the vacuum device 61 The cooling water tank 63, the cooling device 64, the generator 65, etc. which were connected via 74 are comprised (refer FIG. 1).
The collection tank 2 is suspended by, for example, a UNIC 8 or the like, and the collection tank 2 can be lifted when the topsoil H reaches a certain amount. The vacuum device 61, the cooling tank 63, the cooling device 64, and the like are preferably mounted on a truck. When collecting the topsoil H, the worker holds the suction device 5 in his hand and sucks the topsoil H.
The collection tank 2 is formed with its lower end open, and a bag body 4 (for example, a flexible container pack of about 1 to 1.2 m ³ ) that can accommodate a predetermined amount is placed from below the collection tank 2 so as to be on the ground. The collection tank 2 is placed on a steel plate 91 placed on the steel plate 91 laid on a urethane sheet 92 and the like. A suspension hook 200 is projected from the ceiling of the collection tank 2 and is suspended so as to be lifted by the unic 8 or the like.

  When the vacuum device 61 is operated, the inside of the collection tank 2 is depressurized. The suction force of the suction device 5 can be excited by the pressure reducing action. As will be described later, in order to assist the suction force of the suction device 5, it is possible to provide a configuration in which compressed air is provided in the suction direction from the air compressor 62. Although the extension of the suction hose 71 can be selected as appropriate, the suction force of the suction device 5 decreases as the extension becomes longer. Therefore, in addition to the pressure reducing action by the vacuum device 61, the addition of the compressed air is effective. .

A gauge window 24 is provided on the side of the collection tank 2 so that the inside can be seen and the collection volume can be measured. When a desired amount of topsoil H has been collected, the operation of the vacuum device 61 and the air compressor 62 is stopped. Let When the top soil H is collected from the suction hole 22 into the collection tank 2, the top soil H is normally deposited in a mountain shape immediately below the suction hole 22 with a repose angle peculiar to the soil. In such a case, since the accurate volume of the topsoil H collected in the collection tank 2 cannot be measured, it is necessary to make the top end flat. Therefore, the collection tank 2 of the present invention is configured to include a diffusion blade 32 that is rotatable inside the ceiling of the collection tank 2 and directly below the suction hole 22 as will be described later. When the topsoil H is sucked from the suction holes 22, the topsoil H is diffused and accumulated in the collection tank 2 without being deposited just below the suction holes 22 because the diffusion blades 32 are rotated immediately below. To go.
Further, in addition to the diffusion blade 32, air is discharged to the side surface of the collection tank 2 as means for flattening the top end of the topsoil H collected by blowing away the topsoil H deposited in a mountain shape immediately below the suction hole 22. A possible valve 25 is provided. By opening the valve 25, air is sucked from the outside into the collection tank 2 in a decompressed state. Therefore, by discharging the air toward the topsoil H accumulated in a mountain shape, The top soil H can be blown away to flatten the top.

When the top soil H collected in the collection tank 2 as described above is confirmed to have a desired collection volume through the gauge window 24 with its top end flattened, the vacuum device 61, air compression The operation of the machine 62 is stopped. Thereafter, when the collection tank 2 is lifted by the unic 8, the collection tank 2 is removed from the bag body 4 and placed on the ground while the topsoil H is housed in the bag body 4 covered from below. It becomes a state. A certain amount of topsoil H can be transported by closing the open end of the bag body 4 and loading it onto a truck while hanging it with, for example, a UNIC 8 or the like. By using a plurality of topsoil collecting apparatuses 1, the work speed can be further increased.

<2> Collection Tank The collection tank 2 visually recognizes a hollow tank 21, a suction hole 22 and a decompression hole 23 carved in the ceiling of the tank 21, and a capacity of the topsoil H collected in the side of the tank 21. It comprises a gauge window 24 that can be provided, and a valve 25 that is provided on the side surface of the tank 21 so that air can be discharged into the inside (see FIG. 2). The ceiling is provided with an illumination light window 28, an air release valve 29 for returning the internal atmospheric pressure to normal pressure after the decompression is stopped, a suspension hook 200, and the like. Steel pipes 26 and 27 having bent portions are fitted and fixed in advance to the suction hole 22 and the decompression hole 23, and a suction hose 71 and a decompression hose 72 are attached to the end openings of the steel pipes 26 and 27, respectively. . The other ends (inside of the collection tank 2) of the steel pipes 26 and 27 are arranged so as to protrude from the inside of the ceiling of the collection tank 2 to the inside (see FIG. 3). The gauge window 24 is preferably configured to be openable and closable.
A vertical bar 31 that can rotate around its axis is suspended from the ceiling inside the ceiling of the collection tank 2, and a diffusion wing 32 that spreads downward is attached to the tip of the vertical rod 31. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the diffusion wing 32 is formed by attaching ring rods gradually increasing in diameter from the vicinity of the vertical rod 31 to a plurality of rod members that extend radially downward from the vertical rod 31. Although not shown, a plurality of wing-shaped members may project radially from the vertical bar 31 downward. The vertical bar 31 is rotatably suspended from the ceiling in the vicinity of the suction hole 22 (or the steel pipe 26 projecting from the suction hole 22), and the diffusion blade 32 projects from the suction hole 22 (or the suction hole 22). The steel pipe 26) is configured to rotate immediately below. This is to effectively diffuse the topsoil H sucked from the steel pipe 26.
On the other hand, a horizontal bar 34 is separately suspended from the ceiling of the collection tank 2 so as to be rotatable about an axis, and a plurality of rotary blades 35 are radially arranged in the vertical direction in the axial direction in the middle of the horizontal member 34. Leave it protruding. The rotary blade 35 is provided inside a steel pipe 27 protruding from the ceiling into the collection tank 2. That is, the horizontal member 34 is suspended from the ceiling in a state of penetrating a hole formed in the side surface of the steel pipe 27. This is because air flows toward the inside of the steel pipe 27 at the time of decompression, and the horizontal rod 34 can be rotated by receiving this airflow with the rotary blades 35.
A horizontal gear 33 that can rotate in a horizontal plane is attached to the vertical rod 31 in a state where the rod is fitted in a hole cut in the center of the gear, and the horizontal rod 34 can be rotated in a vertical plane. A vertical gear 36 is attached in the same manner as described above in a state where the rod body is fitted in a hole formed in the center of the gear. Further, both gears are arranged so as to be able to mesh with each other so that the horizontal gear 33 and the vertical gear 36 rotate in conjunction with each other.
A suction prevention member 210 is attached below the end opening of the steel pipe 27 protruding into the collection tank 2 so that the topsoil H collected in the collection tank 2 is not absorbed by the decompression hose 72 during decompression. It is good.

With the above configuration, the following actions can be formed.
By reducing the pressure inside the collection tank 2, suction of the topsoil H from the suction device 5 is started. Due to such a pressure reducing action, an air flow toward the steel pipe 27 is generated inside the collection tank 2, and the horizontal bar 34 is rotated via the rotary blades 35 by the air flow. The vertical bar 31 is rotated through the gear mechanism by the rotation of the horizontal bar 34, and the diffusion blade 32 is simultaneously rotated by the rotation of the vertical bar 31. The topsoil H sucked into the collection tank 2 from the steel pipe 26 is evenly diffused and deposited in the collection tank 2 by the diffusion blades 32 rotating below the steel pipe 26. By such an operation, the topsoil H can be collected while the collection volume of the topsoil H is accurately measured in the collection tank 2 only by operating the vacuum device 61. That is, the topsoil H can be deposited almost flatly with the angle of repose just below the steel pipe 26 without being deposited in a mountain shape.

Further, a valve 25 that enables air to be discharged into the tank 21 is provided on the side surface of the tank 21. Here, the valve 25 can be provided in a coupling portion in which the suction pipe 25a and the discharge pipe 25b are hinge-coupled. The discharge pipe 25b is surrounded by a flexible outer sleeve 25c, and the outer sleeve 25c is placed in the tank. It attaches to the attachment hole carved in the side surface of 21 (refer FIG. 4). The discharge angle can be arbitrarily adjusted due to the flexibility of the outer sheath 25c. The outer jacket 25c can be made of, for example, a rubber material.
Since the collection tank 2 is in a decompressed state, air is sucked into the collection tank 2 by opening the valve 25. As described above, even if the topsoil H is accumulated while being diffused by the diffusion blades 32, the topsoil H is likely to be accumulated immediately below the steel pipe 26 (suction hole 22). Therefore, by opening the valve 25 with the protruding port of the discharge pipe 25b facing the location where the top soil H is accumulated, air can be blown and diffused to the accumulated top soil H.

<3> Suction device The suction device 5 has a cylindrical body 51 whose both ends are open, an adjustment plate 52 capable of adjusting the suction port area at the front surface of the suction port 51a which is one end thereof, and the other end communicated with the suction hose 71. (See FIG. 5). An ejector 53 projects from the adjustment plate 52 in front of the adjustment plate 52, and the ejector 53 communicates with the air compressor 62. A handle 55 is provided on the side surface of the cylindrical body 51. Also, when the inside of the cylinder 51 is clogged due to contamination of roots, branches, gravel, etc. during suction, the suction force is reduced by sucking air from the outside (or sucking while sucking air from the outside) It is preferable to provide a valve 54 on the side surface of the cylindrical body 51 that can remove contaminants.
Since the opening area of the suction port 51a can be adjusted by moving the adjustment plate 52 up and down, for example, when the suction hose 71 is extended and the suction force is reduced, the suction port area is reduced to increase the suction force. It can respond by. Further, the suction force can be further increased by providing the compressed air in the suction direction from the ejector 53 communicating with the air compressor 62 via the air supply hose 73.

Hereinafter, the topsoil collecting method of the present invention will be described.
First, solve the topsoil H of Yamano with a rake or cultivator. At this time, it is necessary to remove obstacles during suction such as gravel and shrubs.
After unraveling the topsoil H, the vacuum device 61 is operated, and the worker starts sucking the topsoil H from the suction device 5 held in the hand.
During the suction of the topsoil H, the operator checks the state of the topsoil H collection in the collection tank 2 through the gauge window 24, and if necessary, opens the valve 25 to flatten the top of the collected topsoil H.
When the collection of the desired topsoil H is completed, the operation of the vacuum device 61 is stopped, the collection tank 2 is lifted by the unic 8 or the like, and the topsoil H is accommodated in the bag body 4 covered from below the collection tank 2. At this point, the weighed top soil H is in a state where it can be transported.
A relatively large-capacity bag body 4 is loaded on a truck using a UNIC 8 or the like.
After repeating the above operation, the plurality of bags 4 are carried out.

The perspective view which showed one form of the topsoil collection apparatus by this invention. The perspective view which showed the collection tank which comprises the topsoil collection apparatus of this invention. The figure which showed the perspective view explaining the inside of a collection tank with the spreading | diffusion aspect of topsoil. The side view which expanded the valve with which the side of the collection tank was equipped. The perspective view which showed the suction device which comprises the topsoil collection apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Topsoil collecting device 2 ... Collection tank 21 ... Tank 22 ... Suction hole 23 ... Decompression hole 24 ... Gauge window 25 ... Valve 31 ... Vertical bar 32 ... Diffusion feather 33 ... Horizontal gear 34 ... Horizontal bar 35 ... Rotary feather 36 ... Vertical gear 4 ... Bag body 5 ... Suction device 52 ... Adjustment Plate 53 ... Ejector 61 ... Vacuum device 62 ... Air compressor 71 ... Suction hose 72 ... Pressure reducing hose H ... Topsoil

Claims (6)

A hollow tank,
A suction hole and a decompression hole carved in the ceiling of the tank;
A gauge window provided on the side of the tank so that the volume of the collected substance inside the tank can be visually confirmed,
A valve provided on the side of the tank so that air can be discharged into the tank;
It comprises a diffusion wing provided at the tip of a vertical bar that is suspended from the ceiling inside the tank so as to be rotatable about its axis,
Collection tank.
The tank is configured with the lower end open,
Covering the bag from the bottom of the tank, the collected material can be collected in the tank through the suction hole, and the collected material can be accommodated in the bag by lifting the tank,
The collection tank according to claim 1.
A horizontally extending horizontal bar suspended from the ceiling of the tank so as to be rotatable about an axis;
A rotating wing provided on the side of the horizontal bar,
The rotary blade is arranged directly under the decompression hole,
The diffusion blade is arranged directly below the suction hole,
A vertical gear attached to the horizontal bar and rotatable in a vertical plane and a horizontal gear attached to the vertical bar and rotatable in a horizontal plane are configured to be capable of interlocking rotation. ,
The collection tank according to claim 1 or 2.
The collection tank according to claim 1 or 3,
A suction hose communicating with the suction hole;
A suction device provided at the tip of the suction hose;
A decompression hose communicated with the decompression hole;
A vacuum device communicated with the decompression hose, and
Topsoil collecting device.
The suction device includes an adjustment plate capable of adjusting a suction port area at a tip thereof, and includes an ejector communicated with an air compressor.
The topsoil collecting apparatus according to claim 4.
A topsoil collecting method using the topsoil collecting device according to claim 4 or 5,
Solve topsoil,
Depressurize the inside of the collection tank and suck the topsoil from the suction port,
After collecting a certain amount of topsoil, the topsoil is accommodated in the bag body that is lifted from the bottom of the collection tank and covered from below.
The bag body containing topsoil is unloaded,
Topsoil collection method.

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