JP2005261245A - Animal feed - Google Patents
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- JP2005261245A JP2005261245A JP2004075786A JP2004075786A JP2005261245A JP 2005261245 A JP2005261245 A JP 2005261245A JP 2004075786 A JP2004075786 A JP 2004075786A JP 2004075786 A JP2004075786 A JP 2004075786A JP 2005261245 A JP2005261245 A JP 2005261245A
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本発明は、重金属を含む動物性タンパク質(フィッシュミール等)を主な原料としているが、養殖魚、ペット、家畜(牛、豚、鶏)等の動物が継続的に摂取しても該動物の体内へ重金属の蓄積が少ない動物用飼料に関する。 Although the present invention uses animal proteins (such as fish meal) containing heavy metals as main raw materials, even if animals such as farmed fish, pets, and livestock (cattle, pigs, chickens) continuously ingest, The present invention relates to animal feeds that accumulate less heavy metals in the body.
例えば、カドミウム、鉛、砒素、クロム、水銀などの重金属は消化器系、呼吸器系、皮膚などを介して生体内に侵入すると臓器や骨などの局所に沈着し、骨・造血組織障害、消化器障害、呼吸器障害、循環器障害をはじめとする諸種の障害(金属中毒)を惹き起こすことが知られている。 For example, heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, mercury, etc. enter the body through the digestive system, respiratory system, skin, etc., and are deposited locally in organs and bones, resulting in bone / hematopoietic tissue damage, digestion It is known to cause various kinds of disorders (metal poisoning) including organ failure, respiratory failure, and circulatory failure.
また、中国パセリをはじめとするセリ科植物に含まれる成分はヒトの体内における重金属の蓄積を抑制したり、重金属を体外に排出させる働きを有することが知られており、下記特許文献1に見られるように、セリ化植物に含まれる成分を摂取させてヒトの体内における重金属の蓄積を抑制したり、重金属を体外に排出させることが試みられている。 In addition, it is known that the components contained in the celery family plants such as Chinese parsley have the function of suppressing the accumulation of heavy metals in the human body and discharging heavy metals out of the body. As described above, attempts have been made to suppress the accumulation of heavy metals in the human body by ingesting components contained in the sericified plant and to discharge heavy metals out of the body.
ただ、セリ科植物は、それを摂取するヒトによっては風味・呈味の点で奇異な印象を受ける場合があるために手軽に常用できるとはいい難く、また、生の植物体そのままの形態では、一度に摂取できる量が限られることから、必ずしも所望の効果を期待できないという問題がある。 However, it is hard to say that celery family plants can be used easily and easily because they may have a strange impression in terms of flavor and taste depending on the person who ingests them, and in the raw plant form as it is However, since the amount that can be taken at one time is limited, there is a problem that a desired effect cannot always be expected.
そこで、このような問題を解決するため、下記特許文献2に見られるように、セリ科植物の加工物とトレハロース及び/又はマルチトールとを有効成分として含む金属沈着抑制剤が提案されている。
ところで、養殖魚の飼料、ペットフード、家畜用飼料は、魚やペットや家畜をより大きく育てたり、これらの動物の病気に対する抵抗力を高めるために、動物性タンパク質を豊富に含んだフィッシュミールが主な原料として用いられている。 By the way, for fish feed, pet food, and livestock feed, fish meals rich in animal protein are mainly used to grow fish, pets and livestock larger, and to increase the resistance of these animals to diseases. Used as a raw material.
しかし、フィッシュミールは重金属の濃度の高い内臓や骨も含まれており、上記のような飼料を養殖魚や家畜に与えると、この有害重金属が養殖魚や家畜の体内に蓄積して濃縮され、これを食べるヒトへの食物連鎖を通じた重金属摂取による健康上の影響が心配されている。 However, fish meal contains visceral organs and bones with high concentrations of heavy metals. When feed such as the above is given to farmed fish and livestock, the harmful heavy metals accumulate and concentrate in the bodies of cultured fish and livestock. There are concerns about the health effects of heavy metal intake through the food chain for eating people.
また、近年、フィッシュミールの原料となる多獲性魚類の漁獲高が激減してきていることにより、可食部(肉の部分)はヒトが食し、可食部を取り除いた後の加工残滓(内臓、骨、頭、ヒレ等)を用いて製造したフィッシュミールの使用が増加しているので、上記のような健康上の心配は益々大きくなっている。 In recent years, the catch of high-yielding fish, which is the raw material for fish meal, has been drastically reduced, so that edible parts (meat parts) are eaten by humans and processed residues (internal organs) after edible parts are removed. , Bones, heads, fins, etc.) are being used more and more, so the above health concerns are growing.
本発明は、斯かる実情に鑑み、重金属類を含んでいるにもかかわらず、養殖魚やペット等の動物の体内への重金属の蓄積が少ない動物用飼料を提供しようとするものである。 In view of such circumstances, the present invention intends to provide an animal feed that has a low accumulation of heavy metals in the body of animals such as farmed fish and pets, despite containing heavy metals.
本発明に係る動物用飼料は、重金属を含む動物用飼料にセリ科植物由来物を含有させることにより上記課題を解決した。 The animal feed which concerns on this invention solved the said subject by making the animal feed containing a heavy metal contain a ceric family plant origin material.
ここで、前記動物用飼料としてはフィッシュミールを主成分とするものが用いられる。フィッシュミールとしては、アジ、イワシ、サバ、ニシン、シシャモ、イカナゴ及びタラから選択された1種又は2種以上の魚を原料とするものを例に挙げることができるが、これら以外の魚を原料とするものでもよい。 Here, as the animal feed, a feed mainly composed of fish meal is used. Examples of fish meal include those made from one or more fish selected from horse mackerel, sardine, mackerel, herring, shishamo, squid and cod, but other fish are used as raw materials. It may be a thing.
フィッシュミールは内臓、骨、頭、ヒレ等の不可食部を含むか、全て不可食部からなる。そして、内臓、骨、頭、ヒレ等の不可食部は重金属の蓄積が多いので、フィッシュミールは重金属を多く含んでいる。重金属としては、カドミウム、水銀、鉛又は砒素を挙げることができる。本発明ではフィッシュミール中に含まれる重金属の濃度が50ppm以下(0ppmを含まない)の場合、重金属の蓄積を抑制し、可食部(筋肉部)を摂取可能とする効果が大きい。 Fish meal includes inedible parts such as internal organs, bones, heads, and fins, or consists entirely of inedible parts. And inedible parts such as viscera, bones, heads, and fins have a lot of heavy metal accumulation, so that fish meal contains a lot of heavy metals. Heavy metals can include cadmium, mercury, lead or arsenic. In this invention, when the density | concentration of the heavy metal contained in a fish meal is 50 ppm or less (it does not contain 0 ppm), the effect which suppresses accumulation | storage of heavy metal and can ingest an edible part (muscle part) is large.
また、フィッシュミールに混入させるセリ科植物はどの属のものでも使用できるが、中国パセリ等のコエンドロ属植物が特に好ましい。フィッシュミールに混入させるセリ科植物由来物の形態としては、該植物の破砕物、細断物、粉末化物、搾汁、乾燥物又は抽出物のいずれでも良い。セリ科植物由来物の混入量は、含有されている有害重金属の濃度にもよるが、フィッシュミール100重量部に対して0.5〜4重量部とするのが好ましい。 In addition, any genus belonging to the family Aceraceae mixed in the fish meal can be used, but a cilantro plant such as Chinese parsley is particularly preferable. As a form of the Aceraceae plant-derived material to be mixed into the fish meal, any of a crushed material, a shredded product, a powdered product, a juice, a dried product or an extract of the plant may be used. The mixing amount of the cereal family-derived material is preferably 0.5 to 4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of fish meal, although it depends on the concentration of harmful heavy metals contained.
また、本発明に係る動物用飼料の成分はフィッシュミールとセリ科植物由来物のみに限定されるものではなく、これら以外に必要な栄養調整成分(例えば、脱脂大豆等の植物性タンパク質、グルテン、小麦粉、でんぷん、油、ミネラル、ビタミン等)が含まれていてもよい。 In addition, the components of the animal feed according to the present invention are not limited to fish meal and sericaceae plant-derived products, but other nutritional adjustment components (for example, vegetable proteins such as defatted soybeans, gluten, Wheat flour, starch, oil, minerals, vitamins, etc.).
また、本発明に係る動物用飼料の用途としては、例えば、魚養殖用の餌、ペットフード、家畜用飼料等を挙げることができる。 Moreover, as an application of the animal feed which concerns on this invention, the feed for fish culture, pet food, livestock feed, etc. can be mentioned, for example.
本発明によれば、この飼料を与えて養殖している養殖魚や家畜への重金属の蓄積が抑制されたり、重金属が体内から排除されるので、養殖魚や家畜に対する安全性が高まり、養殖魚や家畜を食べているヒトの健康に役立つという効果がある。 According to the present invention, accumulation of heavy metals in farmed fish and livestock that are cultivated with this feed is suppressed or heavy metals are eliminated from the body, so that safety for cultured fish and livestock is increased, and It has the effect of helping the health of the person eating.
また、本発明によれば、重金属の含有濃度が高い動物性タンパク質(フィッシュミール)を重金属の含有濃度が低い動物性タンパク質(フィッシュミール)と同じように動物飼育用飼料の原料として使用することができるので、動物性タンパク源(捕獲した魚)を有効利用することができるという効果がある。 Further, according to the present invention, animal protein (fish meal) having a high heavy metal content concentration can be used as a raw material for animal breeding feed in the same manner as animal protein (fish meal) having a low heavy metal content concentration. Since it is possible, there is an effect that an animal protein source (captured fish) can be used effectively.
また、本発明によれば、動物性タンパク質(フィッシュミール)を主原料とする動物用飼料(ペットフード、家畜用飼料)を与えられているペットや家畜の体内への重金属の蓄積が抑制されるので、ペットや家畜の健康に役立つという効果がある。 In addition, according to the present invention, accumulation of heavy metals in the body of a pet or livestock fed with animal feed (pet food, livestock feed) mainly made of animal protein (fish meal) is suppressed. So it has the effect of helping the health of pets and livestock.
次に、上述した本発明を実施するための最良の形態について説明する。 Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.
まず、本発明に係る動物用飼料の主原料であるフィッシュミールとしては、アジ、イワシ、サバ、ニシン、シシャモ、イカナゴ、タラ等、多獲性魚類を粉末にしたものを使用することができる。このフィッシュミールは内臓、骨、頭等の不可食部分も含んでおり、これらに蓄積される有害重金属(カドミウム、水銀、鉛、砒素等)の濃度はやや高い。 First, as the fish meal which is the main raw material of the animal feed according to the present invention, it is possible to use powdered high catch fish such as horse mackerel, sardine, mackerel, herring, shishamo, squid and cod. This fish meal also contains inedible parts such as viscera, bones, and heads, and the concentration of harmful heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, etc.) accumulated in these is somewhat high.
この発明で利用できるセリ科植物としては、例えば、中国パセリ(コエンドロ属)、アニス(アニス属)、アメリカボウフウ(アメリカボウフウ属)、ディル(イノンド属)、ウイキョウ(ウイキョウ属)、パセリ(オランダセリ属)、ヒメウイキョウ(キャラウェイ属)、クミン(クミン属)、セリ(セリ属)、ニンジン(ニンジン属)、ミツバ(ミツバ属)などを挙げることができる。 Examples of the plant belonging to the family Aceraceae that can be used in the present invention include Chinese parsley (genus Cilantro), anise (genus Anis), American burdock (genus American genus), dill (genus Inond), fennel (genus genus), and parsley (Netherlands seri). Genus), Himewikyo (caraway genus), cumin (cumin genus), seri (genus genus), carrot (carrot genus), honey bee (genus honey genus) and the like.
この発明で利用できるセリ科植物の部位としては、例えば、葉、茎、花弁、子実、根などが挙げられる。上述した植物のうち、中国パセリの葉を含む地上部は、金属沈着抑制作用が比較的顕著であり、この発明の実施にとりわけ有用である。 Examples of the parts of the Aceraceae plant that can be used in the present invention include leaves, stems, petals, grains, and roots. Among the above-mentioned plants, the above-ground part including the leaves of Chinese parsley has a relatively remarkable metal deposition inhibitory effect, and is particularly useful in the practice of the present invention.
本発明を実施する上では、上記のようなセリ科植物を、例えば、細断、破砕、磨砕、加熱、蒸煮、粉砕、乾燥、圧搾、発酵、抽出などから選ばれる、必要に応じて適宜組み合わせて実施される処理を施して得られる加工物を利用することができる。 In practicing the present invention, the celery family is selected from, for example, shredded, crushed, ground, heated, steamed, pulverized, dried, pressed, fermented, extracted, etc. as necessary. Workpieces obtained by performing treatments performed in combination can be used.
セリ科植物由来物の混入量は、原料として使用されるフィッシュミールに含有されている有害重金属の濃度にもよるが、フィッシュミール100重量部に対して0.5〜4重量部とするのが好ましい。 The amount of the cerebral plant-derived material is 0.5-4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of fish meal, although it depends on the concentration of harmful heavy metals contained in the fish meal used as a raw material. preferable.
以下、実施例及び比較例に基づいて本発明をより詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and comparative examples.
まず、フィッシュミール(サバ)、脱脂大豆タンパク、トウモロコシグルテン、小麦粉、でんぷん、タラの肝油、リンを含まないミネラル混合物、ビタミン混合物を表1に示すような割合で配合した基礎飼料を準備した。 First, a basic feed containing fish meal (mackerel), defatted soybean protein, corn gluten, wheat flour, starch, cod liver oil, a mineral mixture not containing phosphorus, and a vitamin mixture in the proportions shown in Table 1 was prepared.
また、各試験区を形成する複数の水槽を用意し、孵化後数ヶ月を経て体重60g前後に成長したニジマスの稚魚を、50尾ずつ屋内の水槽に入れ、一週間かけて環境に馴致した。各水槽には常時豊富な地下水を供給し、ほぼ1時間に1回の割合で全量が入れ替わるようにした。 In addition, a plurality of aquariums forming each test area were prepared, and 50 rainbow trout fish that grew to a weight of around 60 g after several months of hatching were placed in an indoor aquarium one by one and adapted to the environment over a week. Abundant groundwater was supplied to each tank at all times so that the total amount was changed approximately once per hour.
上記基礎飼料に中国パセリ(凍結乾燥粉末)及びカドミウム(硝酸カドミウム)を表2の試料番号1〜8に示すような割合で添加し、ペレット状に成形してニジマス養殖用の飼料を作成した。 Chinese parsley (freeze-dried powder) and cadmium (cadmium nitrate) were added to the basic feed in the proportions shown in Sample Nos. 1 to 8 in Table 2, and formed into pellets to prepare a feed for rainbow trout aquaculture.
次に、配合飼料を試験区別に、毎日1回給餌した。給餌量はその週の初めに試験魚全体の体重を実測して求めた平均体重の1.1〜1.2%とし、成長につれて給餌量を増加させた。途中経過を調べるため、隔週の割合で数尾ずつを取り上げ、解剖して蓄積濃度の変動を測定した。 The formulated feed was then fed once daily for test distinction. The feeding amount was 1.1 to 1.2% of the average body weight obtained by actually measuring the body weight of the whole test fish at the beginning of the week, and the feeding amount was increased with the growth. In order to check the progress, we picked several fish at a biweekly rate and dissected them to measure the change in accumulated concentration.
最終的には7週間目で全数を取り上げて解剖、カドミウムの部位別蓄積濃度を調べたところ、表2の右欄に示すような結果が得られた。そして、この結果をグラフにしたところ図1に示すようになった。
(比較例1)
Finally, the total number was taken up in the seventh week, and the dissociation and the accumulated concentration of cadmium by region were examined. The results shown in the right column of Table 2 were obtained. And when this result was graphed, it came to show in FIG.
(Comparative Example 1)
上記基礎飼料にカドミウム(硝酸カドミウム)を表3の試料番号9〜13に示すような割合で添加し、ペレット状に成形してニジマス養殖用の飼料を作成した。
Cadmium (cadmium nitrate) was added to the basic feed in the proportions shown in
次に、実施例1と同様にしてニジマスを飼育し、7週間目で全数を取り上げて解剖、カドミウムの部位別蓄積濃度を調べたところ、表3の試料番号9〜13の右欄に示すような結果が得られた。そして、この結果をグラフにしたところ図2に示すようになった。
Next, rainbow trout was bred in the same manner as in Example 1, and the total number was taken up in the seventh week to examine the dissociation and the accumulated concentration of cadmium according to the region. As shown in the right column of
表2、表3に示された結果から、中国パセリを混ぜた飼料を摂取していたニジマス(試料番号1〜8)は、中国パセリを混ぜなかった飼料のみを摂取していたニジマス(試料番号9〜13)と比較して、カドミウムの蓄積が抑制される傾向にあることが分かる(図1、図2参照)。
From the results shown in Tables 2 and 3, rainbow trout (
また、表2に示された結果から、カドミウムの濃度が3〜50ppm(試料番号2〜8)では中国パセリを混ぜることによりカドミウムの沈積を阻害して、筋肉部(可食部)のカドミウム濃度が許容できるようになることがわかる。なお、カドミウムの濃度の上限を50ppmとしたのは、これ以上の濃度の場合の実験データが無いだけで、この濃度を超えた場合を排除するものではない(図1参照)。
In addition, from the results shown in Table 2, when the cadmium concentration is 3 to 50 ppm (
上記基礎飼料に中国パセリ(凍結乾燥粉末)及びカドミウム(硝酸カドミウム)を表4の試料番号14〜19に示すような割合で添加し、ペレット状に成形してニジマス養殖用の飼料を作成した。 Chinese parsley (freeze-dried powder) and cadmium (cadmium nitrate) were added to the basic feed in the proportions shown in Sample Nos. 14 to 19 in Table 4, and formed into pellets to prepare a feed for rainbow trout aquaculture.
次に、実験例1と同様にしてニジマスを飼育し、7週間目で全数を取り上げて解剖、カドミウムの部位別蓄積濃度を調べたところ、表4の試料番号14〜19の右欄に示すような結果が得られた。そして、この結果をグラフにしたところ図3に示すようになった。 Next, rainbow trout was bred in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and the total number was taken up in the 7th week to examine the dissected and accumulated concentrations of cadmium by region. As shown in the right column of sample numbers 14 to 19 in Table 4 Results were obtained. And when this result was graphed, it was as shown in FIG.
表4に示された結果から、中国パセリの添加量が0.5重量部の場合(試料番号15)は、中国パセリを添加しなかった場合(試料番号14)と比較してカドミウムの蓄積が抑制されていことがわかる。また、中国パセリの添加量が8重量部の場合(試料番号19)は、中国パセリの添加量が4重量部の場合(試料番号18)と比較してカドミウムの蓄積の抑制に大差ないことがわかる(図3参照)。従って、配合のしやすさ、経済性も考慮すると、中国パセリの好ましい添加量は0.5〜4重量部であることがわかる。 From the results shown in Table 4, when the amount of Chinese parsley added is 0.5 parts by weight (Sample No. 15), the accumulation of cadmium is higher than when the Chinese parsley is not added (Sample No. 14). It turns out that it is suppressed. In addition, when the amount of Chinese parsley added is 8 parts by weight (Sample No. 19), the amount of cadmium accumulated is not significantly different from that when the amount of Chinese Parsley added is 4 parts by weight (Sample No. 18). Yes (see Figure 3). Therefore, it is understood that the preferable addition amount of Chinese parsley is 0.5 to 4 parts by weight in consideration of ease of blending and economy.
なお、試験終了時の平均体重は95〜105gの範囲にあり、カドミウムのみ添加の試験区に比べると中国パセリを添加した試験区では「生長度合い」および「健康程度を示す比肝重の値」も有意に高かった。 The average body weight at the end of the test is in the range of 95 to 105 g. Compared to the test group to which only cadmium was added, the test group to which Chinese parsley was added had “growth degree” and “specific liver weight value indicating health degree”. Was also significantly higher.
また、上記の実験例では有害重金属としてカドミウムを用いたが、他の有害重金属の場合の効果を確認するために、鉛、砒素、クロム、水銀についても同様の実験をしたところ上記の実験例と同様の傾向の結果が得られた。 In addition, although cadmium was used as the toxic heavy metal in the above experimental example, in order to confirm the effect in the case of other toxic heavy metals, the same experiment was conducted on lead, arsenic, chromium, and mercury. Similar trend results were obtained.
また、上記の実験では実験動物として魚(ニジマス)を用いたが、ペットや家畜に対する効果を確認するために、哺乳動物(マウス)についても同様の実験をしたところ上記の実験例と同様の傾向の結果が得られた。 Moreover, although fish (rainbow trout) was used as an experimental animal in the above experiment, in order to confirm the effect on pets and livestock, a similar experiment was performed on a mammal (mouse). Results were obtained.
フィッシュミールに由来する重金属の危害を回避する目的で、植物性タンパク質を代替主原料とする配合飼料も開発されているが、成長遅滞、緑肝症などの魚病が発生しやすい欠点を持っている。このような現状では、肉食性の養殖魚育成に本発明が果たす役割は大きいと期待される。 For the purpose of avoiding the dangers of heavy metals derived from fish meal, formula feeds that use vegetable protein as an alternative main ingredient have also been developed, but have the disadvantage that fish diseases such as growth retardation and green liver disease are likely to occur. Yes. Under such circumstances, the present invention is expected to play a significant role in raising carnivorous cultured fish.
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JP2000032924A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-02 | Akama Akimatsu | Maintenance and improvement of physical condition of horse |
JP2002080385A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-03-19 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | Metal deposition inhibitor |
JP2003000155A (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-07 | Tottori Kanzume Kk | Method for producing enzymically treated fish meal and feed comprising enzymically treated fish meal formulated therein |
JP2003137802A (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-14 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | Liver function-protecting agent or improving agent |
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JP2000032924A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-02 | Akama Akimatsu | Maintenance and improvement of physical condition of horse |
JP2002080385A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-03-19 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | Metal deposition inhibitor |
JP2003000155A (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-07 | Tottori Kanzume Kk | Method for producing enzymically treated fish meal and feed comprising enzymically treated fish meal formulated therein |
JP2003137802A (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-14 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | Liver function-protecting agent or improving agent |
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