JP2005247616A - Manufacturing method of bone manure and bone manure having staggering solubility manufactured by it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a bone manure capable of regulating/controlling the effective time of the manure as desired according to the growth of agricultural products, by reforming all or a part of phosphorus and calcium contained in the powdered bones of domestic animals into a water soluble products easily absorbed by plants, and a bone manure produced thereby and having staggering solubility. <P>SOLUTION: This bone manure 1 which is regulated as desired in its time of absorption by plants, is manufactured by mixing powdered bones having been heated/crushed and a specified quantity of an aqueous organic acid solution and thus converting all or a part of phosphorus and calcium in the powdered bones water soluble. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a technique for applying livestock bone meal to fertilizer, and in particular, bone meal fertilizer that modifies phosphorus and calcium in bone meal to be easily absorbed by plants, and arbitrarily adjusts and controls the fertilization time according to plant growth. It is related with the manufacturing method.

  Conventionally, phosphatic lime has been applied to fields as phosphorus fertilizer, but Japanese soil is mostly acidic soil, and iron, aluminum and phosphoric acid in this acidic soil combine to form a sparingly soluble salt. As useless. For this reason, the amount of phosphoric acid actually absorbed by the crop is only 10 to 20%. Phosphorus is an indispensable element for the cultivation of agricultural crops, and there is a background that depletion of phosphorus resources is a global problem, and there is a growing need for improving the absorption efficiency of phosphoric acid.

  In addition, calcium is an important element that constitutes the cells of crops, but it is still in a state of poor absorption due to acidic soil, and foliar spraying with calcium fertilizer directly sprinkled on plant leaves may be performed It is.

  On the other hand, for example, calcined beef bone meal and beef bone charcoal are known as resources rich in phosphorus and calcium, and are expected as effective utilization of phosphorus resources and calcium resources. However, the main component of bone meal is tricalcium phosphate, which hardly dissolves in water and carbonated water. Therefore, it takes a very long time for the bone meal to be absorbed by plants even if it is fertilized in the field. . Originally, fertilizer is applied when it is necessary for the growth of crops, etc., but in the case of bone meal, it is difficult to adjust the fertilization time because it is slow-acting, and it is actually not effectively used. .

  By the way, when examining the past prior art, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-218691 discloses that calcined beef bone meal and citric acid are mixed to produce ionized calcium phosphate, and this is sprayed on the leaf surface of the plant, so that phosphoric acid and The effect of increasing the absorption efficiency of calcium is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-218691

However, the invention described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems.
1. The purpose is to dissolve calcined beef bone meal in a large amount of water and use it as a liquid fertilizer, and since it is premised on foliar application, the application cost and work burden are high.
2. It can only provide a fast-acting phosphoric acid, and there is an annoyance that must be sprayed each time according to the growth of the plant.
3. Since measures against acid soil are not taken, there is a possibility that the applied phosphoric acid is combined with acid soil and fixed.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the conventional problems as described above, and modifies all or part of phosphorus and calcium contained in livestock bone meal to water-solubility that is easily absorbed by plants. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a bone meal fertilizer capable of arbitrarily adjusting and controlling the fertilization effect time in accordance with the growth of agricultural products, and a bone meal fertilizer having a time difference solubility produced thereby.

  A feature of the method for producing the bone meal fertilizer according to the present invention is that the bone meal of heat-treated and pulverized livestock is mixed with a predetermined amount of an organic acid aqueous solution, and part or all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal are water-soluble. It is in the point which manufactures the bone meal fertilizer which adjusted the time absorbed by a plant arbitrarily by changing to.

  Further, another bone meal fertilizer production method according to the present invention is characterized in that a predetermined amount of organic acid is mixed with heat-pulverized livestock bone meal, and granulated while adding water, whereby the bone meal It is the point which manufactures a granular bone meal fertilizer, changing the part or all of this phosphorus and calcium to water solubility, and adjusting arbitrarily the time absorbed by a plant.

  Further, another bone meal fertilizer manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal are granulated while adding a predetermined amount of an organic acid aqueous solution to the bone meal of domesticated animals that have been heated and pulverized. It is the point which manufactures a granular bone meal fertilizer, changing part or all of this to water solubility, and adjusting the time absorbed by a plant arbitrarily.

  Further, in the present invention, when granulating, the total modified bone powder in which all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone powder are modified to be water-soluble, and partly modified by modifying a part of the phosphorus and calcium at an arbitrary ratio. It is also possible to form a layered structure by arbitrarily combining the textured bone meal and the unmodified bone meal not modified so as to match the growth of the target plant.

  Furthermore, in this invention, it is preferable to perform the granulation process which coat | covers a silicic acid compound on the outer side of the said bone meal fertilizer formed in granule.

  In addition, bone meal fertilizers produced by these bone meal fertilizer production methods do not exert their fertilizing effect at a time, but dissolve at a time difference according to the time of plant growth and exert their fertilizing effect. It has properties.

  According to the present invention, all or part of phosphorus and calcium contained in livestock bone meal is modified to be water-soluble which is easily absorbed by plants, and the fertilization time is arbitrarily adjusted and controlled according to the growth of crops. It is possible to obtain a plurality of fertilization effects with a time difference by one application. Moreover, the time difference of fertilization effect can be set precisely according to the growth situation of various crops and plants having different growth periods.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for producing a bone meal fertilizer according to the present invention and a bone meal fertilizer having a time difference solubility produced thereby will be described with reference to the drawings.

  In the first embodiment according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a process of heating livestock bones such as cow bone, pork bone, and bird bone to a high temperature (step S1) and a process of crushing after the heating process ( Step S2), a modification step (Step S3) in which a predetermined amount of an organic acid aqueous solution is mixed with the bone powder obtained here to change part or all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone powder to water solubility, There are a step (step S4) of drying the quality bone powder and a step (step S5) of pulverizing or granulating it into a size that can be easily applied to land after drying.

  If it demonstrates in detail about each process, the bone of livestock will be baked or steamed in the said high temperature heating process. This heat treatment is a treatment for removing impurities such as protein and cerebrospinal fluid in the bone, and is performed at a temperature of at least 600 ° C., usually about 800 ° C. to 1500 ° C. This is because impurities such as cerebrospinal fluid are difficult to break into bone powder and are difficult to preserve and manage as fertilizer. Moreover, since prion can be inactivated, it is not necessary to worry about the occurrence of BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy).

  In the pulverization step, the particle size is pulverized so that the effect of the subsequent modification reaction with the aqueous organic acid solution can be maximized.

In the bone meal modifying step, a predetermined amount of an aqueous solution of an organic acid composed of citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, wood vinegar, bamboo vinegar and the like is added to the bone meal and mixed. Since the main component of bone powder is tricalcium phosphate (Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ), adding an organic acid aqueous solution to this chelates calcium in tricalcium phosphate and phosphorous phosphate. Change to calcium dihydrogen. The above reaction formula is as follows. The case where citric acid is used as the organic acid is shown.

化学式１では、リン酸三カルシウムがクエン酸と反応して、カルシウムがクエン酸カルシウムに変化し、リンがリン酸に変化した反応を示している。

Chemical formula 1 shows a reaction in which tricalcium phosphate reacts with citric acid, calcium changes to calcium citrate, and phosphorus changes to phosphoric acid.

化学式２では、リン酸三カルシウムが化学式１で生成されたリン酸と別途、反応し、リン酸二水素カルシウムに変化する反応を示している。

Chemical formula 2 shows a reaction in which tricalcium phosphate reacts separately with the phosphoric acid produced in chemical formula 1 and changes to calcium dihydrogen phosphate.

この化学式３を利用すれば、骨粉中のリンおよびカルシウムをどの程度水溶性に改質するかの割合が決まり、骨粉量に対して必要なクエン酸および水の量が求められる。つまり、骨粉肥料をすべて遅効性から速効性に変化させる場合には、それに応じたクエン酸水溶液の必要量が求められる。また、肥効に時差を設けたければ、速効性と遅効性の割合を決めると、この割合に応じて必要なクエン酸水溶液の量を求めることができる。 When the above chemical formula 1 and chemical formula 2 are arranged, the following reaction formula is obtained.

If this Chemical Formula 3 is used, the ratio of how much water and phosphorus and calcium in bone powder are modified is determined, and the amount of citric acid and water necessary for the amount of bone powder is determined. That is, when all the bone meal fertilizer is changed from slow-acting to fast-acting, the necessary amount of citric acid aqueous solution corresponding to that is required. If it is desired to provide a time difference in the fertilization effect, the amount of citric acid aqueous solution required can be determined according to this ratio by determining the ratio between the fast-acting effect and the slow-acting effect.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the solubility of calcium citrate in water is 25.9 mg / 100 g water, which is about 10 times higher than the solubility of 2.5 mg / 100 g water of slow acting tricalcium phosphate. . In addition, calcium citrate is calcium absorbed from the roots and leaves of plants and is useful for plant calcium deficiency, preventing diseases and increasing rooting action.

  Agricultural crops require different amounts and timing of phosphorus and calcium depending on the growth stage. Therefore, by changing some or all of phosphorus and calcium in bone meal to water-soluble calcium citrate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, it is possible to adjust and control the timing of fertilization according to the growth stage of the crop. It is. For example, if you want to adjust the fertilization time when the roots start to grow and when the stems and leaves grow, obtain the required dosage at the beginning of root growth and the required dosage at the growth time of the stems and leaves. What is necessary is just to manufacture the time-stable soluble bone meal fertilizer by which the rapid-acting modified bone meal fertilizer and the slow-acting normal bone meal fertilizer were mixed in the ratio according to. As a result, the modified bone meal fertilizer exhibits a rapid effect according to the initial root growth period, and the remaining unmodified bone meal fertilizer is gradually added by the organic acid released by the action of root acid and soil microorganisms. Solubilized in water, it can exert a delayed effect according to the time when the stem and leaves of the plant grow.

  Returning to FIG. 1, in the drying step, the bone powder fertilizer is dried to remove excess water, and in some cases, pulverized or granulated so that it can be easily applied to a field or the like.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal of livestock are modified into water-soluble organic acid calcium and calcium dihydrogen phosphate that are easily absorbed by plants at an arbitrary ratio, The fertilization time can be arbitrarily adjusted and controlled according to the growth, and multiple times of fertilization can be obtained with a time difference by one application.

  In addition, since livestock bone meal is used as a raw material, not only can bone beef meal be used effectively, but also organic fertilizer is supplied to the soil, so that the supply of soil microorganisms increases, the soil microorganisms multiply, Abundant soil making becomes possible.

  Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Of the steps of the second embodiment, the description of the steps that are the same as or correspond to those of the first embodiment described above will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the second embodiment includes a step of heating live bones to a high temperature (step S11), a step of crushing after the heating step (step S12), and a predetermined amount of bone powder obtained here. An organic acid mixing step (step 13) for mixing the organic acid, and a granulation treatment is performed while adding water, so that part or all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal is obtained from the organic acid calcium and calcium dihydrogen phosphate. A bone powder reforming and granulating step (step S14) for changing to water solubility, and a coating layer granulating step (step S15) for granulating the coating layer 5 of the silicate compound on the outside of the granulated bone powder fertilizer 1; And a step of drying the bone meal fertilizer (step S16).

  That is, the feature of the second embodiment is that granulation treatment is performed so that all or part of phosphorus and calcium in bone powder is arbitrarily modified to be water-soluble, and at the same time, easy to apply to soil. .

  In the pulverization step of step S12, the bone powder is finely pulverized to 50 μm or less for easy granulation. In the granulation process, a bread type granulator is used, and bone powder is introduced into the bread type granulator and an organic acid such as citric acid is introduced and thoroughly stirred. Thereafter, water is added to perform granulation.

  In addition, in the manufacturing method of the bone meal fertilizer shown in FIG. 3, although the organic acid and water are mixed separately, as shown in FIG. 4, you may add this as an organic acid aqueous solution integrally. In this case, it is preferable that the bone granule is put into a bread granulator and rolling granulation is performed while spraying the organic acid aqueous solution in view of uniform modification.

  In the bone powder modification / granulation step, as shown in FIG. 5, the bone powder fertilizer 1 is modified bone powder 2 (or 3) made of organic acid calcium and calcium dihydrogen phosphate and unmodified bone powder 4. And may be contained in a united manner according to any ratio described in the first embodiment. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, the modified bone powder 2 (or 3) is used as a nucleus, the first layer forms an unmodified bone powder layer 4, and the second layer is again a bone powder layer with only rapid action. It is good also as a structure which formed 2 (or 3). Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, the total modified bone meal 2, the partially modified bone meal 3 partially modified at an arbitrary ratio, and the unmodified bone meal 4 are adjusted to the growth of each desired crop, Appropriate combinations may be used, and the order of lamination, layer thickness, amount, etc. may be set and granulated into layers.

  In the coating layer granulation step, a silicate compound composed of powdered diatomaceous earth, zeolite, or the like is charged while rolling granulation while the bone meal fertilizer 1 already granulated is placed in a bread granulator. The role of the coating layer 5 made of the silicate compound is to adjust the fertilization time by delaying the time that the bone meal fertilizer 1 is in contact with the soil, the function to buffer the fixation of phosphorus and calcium to the acidic soil, and the fertilizer content. Has a function of preventing runoff caused by rain or the like, and a shape holding function of preventing breakage due to impact during transportation or application by a machine.

  Thus, for example, the silicate compound delays the contact of the bone meal fertilizer 1 with the acidic soil, and when the crop grows and the roots reach the bone meal fertilizer 1, the coating layer 5 of the silicate compound is disintegrated. . Therefore, phosphorus is efficiently absorbed by crops without being bound to iron or aluminum as much as possible. At the same time, organic acid calcium is also absorbed by crops. In addition, it is preferable that the powder of a silicic acid compound is made into the diameter substantially the same as the particle size of a bone powder from a viewpoint of easy granulation.

  After performing the above process, a drying process is performed to remove excess water. Further, if necessary, the outer surface of the bone meal fertilizer 1 may be coated with a paste (not shown) to form a pellet.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the granulation treatment of the bone meal fertilizer 1 can be performed simultaneously with the modification of the bone meal, so that the production speed can be improved and the labor can be saved. . In addition, all modified bone powder 2 obtained by modifying phosphorus and calcium in bone powder to calcium dihydrogen phosphate and organic acid calcium, partially modified bone powder 3 at an arbitrary ratio, and unmodified bone powder 4 By appropriately combining according to the growth and appropriately setting the stacking order and layer thickness, it is possible to set the time difference of fertilization more precisely, and according to the growth situation of various crops and plants with different growth periods The fertilization time can be adjusted.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to each embodiment mentioned above, It can change suitably. For example, when lactic acid is used as the organic acid instead of citric acid, calcium lactate is produced. As shown in FIG. 2, this calcium lactate has an extremely high solubility in water of 9600.0 mg / 100 g water, so it can be applied to crops and the like that require faster action.

  Further, by utilizing the difference in solubility as described above, citric acid and lactic acid are selectively used as organic acids, and bone meal fertilizer 1 having both a layer containing calcium citrate and a layer containing calcium lactate is manufactured. May be.

It is a flowchart figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the bone meal fertilizer which concerns on this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the solubility and property with respect to water of various calcium salt. It is a flowchart figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the bone meal fertilizer which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart figure which shows the example of improvement of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the bone meal fertilizer provided with the time-dependent solubility manufactured by the manufacturing method of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of the bone meal fertilizer provided with the time-dependent solubility manufactured by the manufacturing method of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of the bone meal fertilizer provided with the time-dependent solubility manufactured by the manufacturing method of 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

1 bone meal fertilizer 2 modified bone meal 3 partially modified bone meal 4 unmodified bone meal 5 silicate compound coating layer

Claims (6)

  Mixing the bone meal of heat-treated and pulverized livestock with a predetermined amount of organic acid aqueous solution, and changing the part or all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal to be water-soluble, any time can be absorbed by the plant A method for producing a bone meal fertilizer, characterized by producing a bone meal fertilizer adjusted to the above.   A predetermined amount of organic acid is mixed with the bone meal of livestock that has been heated and pulverized, and granulated while adding water, thereby changing some or all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal to be water-soluble. A granular bone meal fertilizer is produced while arbitrarily adjusting the time absorbed by the bone.   By granulating while adding a predetermined amount of organic acid aqueous solution to bone meal of livestock that has been heated and pulverized, part or all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone meal is changed to water-soluble and absorbed by plants. A method for producing a bone meal fertilizer, characterized by producing a granular bone meal fertilizer while arbitrarily adjusting the time.   In the granulation treatment according to claim 2 or 3, the whole modified bone powder in which all of phosphorus and calcium in the bone powder are modified to be water-soluble, and a part of phosphorus and calcium are modified at an arbitrary ratio. A method for producing a bone meal fertilizer, characterized in that a partly modified bone meal and an unmodified bone meal are arbitrarily combined so as to conform to the growth of the target plant and are formed in layers.   The method for producing a bone meal fertilizer according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a granulation treatment is performed to coat the outside of the bone meal fertilizer formed in a granular form with a silicate compound.   A bone meal fertilizer having a time difference solubility, which is produced by the method for producing a bone meal fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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