JP2005234256A - トナー - Google Patents
トナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005234256A JP2005234256A JP2004043958A JP2004043958A JP2005234256A JP 2005234256 A JP2005234256 A JP 2005234256A JP 2004043958 A JP2004043958 A JP 2004043958A JP 2004043958 A JP2004043958 A JP 2004043958A JP 2005234256 A JP2005234256 A JP 2005234256A
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- Prior art keywords
- toner
- magnetic material
- magnetic
- less
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 55
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- -1 alkylbenzene sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 description 27
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 18
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
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- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- CKRJGDYKYQUNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid Chemical compound FCC(C)(C)C(O)=O CKRJGDYKYQUNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+);methanidylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr+2].[Cr]#[C-].[Cr]#[C-] GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- VEQHTYHLJYNSTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 9-tert-butylperoxy-9-oxononanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)C VEQHTYHLJYNSTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARYIITVULFDIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methyloxiran-2-yl)methyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1(C)CO1 ARYIITVULFDIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFVUUIWTDXQNT-VOTSOKGWSA-N (E)-4-(2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-yloxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O ZAFVUUIWTDXQNT-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-2,3-dimethylbut-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C(\C)C(O)=O CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
どのような環境においても優れた現像性を有するトナーを提供することにある。
【解決手段】 結着樹脂、磁性体を少なくとも含有するトナーであって、該トナーのフロー式粒子像測定装置で計測される円相当径3μm以上400μm以下のトナーの平均円形度が0.930以上0.970未満であり、該トナー40mgを界面活性剤水溶液5mlに分散させ、さらに6mol/lの塩酸5mlを加え該トナーの表面磁性体を30分間抽出した溶液において、該磁性体に由来する吸収340nmでの吸光度が2.30〜3.50であることを特徴とする。
【選択図】 なし
Description
円形度a=L0/L (1)
〔式中、L0は粒子像と同じ投影面積を持つ円の周囲長を示し、Lは512×512の画像処理解像度(0.3μm×0.3μmの画素)で画像処理した時の粒子投影像の周囲長を示す。〕
UH−150(株式会社エス・エム・テー社製)
OUTPUT レベル:5
コンスタントモード
予め容器中の不純物を除去した水に界面活性剤、好ましくはアルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸塩を1.23vol%となるように調製した分散剤を準備する。サンプル瓶に試料40mgを入れ、分散剤を5ml加えて試料を十分に分散させる。続いて6mol/lの塩酸5mlを加え30分間放置する。
・ガラス転移点(Tg)
昇温時のDSC曲線において比熱変化の現われる前後のベースラインの中間点を結ぶ線とDSC曲線の交点の温度。
で表わされるモノマーの単重合体:前述したスチレン、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステルの如き重合性モノマーとの共重合体を正荷電性制御剤として用いることができる。この場合これらの荷電制御剤は、結着樹脂(の全部または一部)としての作用をも有する。
試料:0.5〜2mg、好ましくは1mg
測定法:試料をアルミパン中に入れ、リファレンスとして空のアルミパンを用いる。
温度曲線:昇温I(20℃〜180℃、昇温速度10℃/min)
降温I(180℃〜10℃、降温速度10℃/min)
昇温II(10℃〜180℃、昇温速度10℃/min)
上記温度曲線において昇温IIで測定される吸熱ピーク温度を融点とする。
硫酸第一鉄水溶液中に、Si元素の含有量が磁性体を基準として0.62質量%となるようにケイ酸ソーダを添加し、更に亜鉛元素の含有率が磁性体を基準として0.6%となるように硫酸亜鉛を添加した後、鉄イオンに対して1.0〜1.1当量の苛性ソーダ溶液を混合し、水酸化第一鉄を含む水溶液を調製した。
製造例1と同様、Si元素量、Al元素量、Zn元素量を変え表1に示す物性の磁性体2を得た。
製造例1と同様、Si元素量、Al元素量、Zn元素量を変え、さらに硫酸銅をCuが磁性体を基準として0.17質量%となるように添加し、表1に示す物性の磁性体3を得た。
製造例1と同様、Si元素量、Al元素量、Zn元素量を変え表1に示す物性の磁性体4を得た。
製造例1と同様、Si元素量、Al元素量、Zn元素量を変え、さらに硫酸銅をCuが磁性体を基準として0.22質量%となるように添加し、表1に示す物性の磁性体5を得た。
製造例1と同様、Si元素量、Al元素量、Zn元素量を変え、さらに硝酸マンガンをMnが磁性体を基準として0.45質量%となるように添加し、表1に示す物性の磁性体6を得た。
アルコール変性パラフィンワックス・・・融点90℃
ポリエチレンワックス・・・融点120℃
結着樹脂:(スチレン−アクリル酸nブチル−メタクリル酸共重合体) 100質量部
磁性体1: 95質量部
負荷電性制御剤:(鉄アゾ化合物、保土谷化学社製:T−77) 2質量部
ワックス:(アルコール変性パラフィンワックス) 4質量部
上記混合物をヘンシェルミキサーで前混合した後、表2に基づき、140℃に加熱された2軸エクストルーダで溶融混練し、冷却した混練物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕してトナー粗粉砕物を得た。得られた粗粉砕物を、機械式粉砕機ターボミル(ターボ工業社製;回転子および固定子の表面に炭化クロムを含有したクロム合金めっきでコーティング(めっき厚150μm、表面硬さHV1050))を用いて、機械式粉砕させて微粉砕し、得られた微粉砕物をコアンダ効果を利用した多分割分級装置(日鉄鉱業社製エルボジェット分級機)で微粉及び粗粉を同時に分級除去した。そこで得られた原料トナー粒子のコールターカウンター法で測定される重量平均粒径(D4)は6.6μm、4μm未満のトナー粒子の個数基準の粒径分布の累積値は25.3個数%であった。
用いる磁性体、ワックスを表2のようにして、更に熱混練機の混練条件を表2に示すように変更し、ターボミルの微粉砕条件を変更し、多分割分級装置での分級条件を変更し、更に表面改質装置の条件を表2に示すようにした以外はトナー1と同様にしてトナー2〜10を得た。トナー粒子2〜10の、FPIA2100で測定された物性(0.6μm以上3μm未満粒子率)、及びトナー2〜10のFPIA2100で測定された物性(円形度)、塩酸−界面活性剤溶液による溶出磁性体の吸光度を表3に示す。
用いる磁性体、ワックスを表2のようにして、更に熱混練機の混練条件を表2に示すように変更し、ターボミルの微粉砕条件を変更し、多分割分級装置での分級条件を変更し、更に表面改質装置による表面改質を行わなかった以外はトナー1と同様にしてトナー11を得た。トナー粒子11の、FPIA2100で測定された物性(0.6μm以上3μm未満粒子率)、及びトナー11のFPIA2100で測定された物性(円形度)、塩酸−界面活性剤溶液による溶出磁性体の吸光度を表3に示す。
用いる磁性体、ワックスを表2のようにして、更に熱混練機の混練条件を表2に示すように変更し、機械式粉砕機を用いずにジェット気流式粉砕機を用い、多分割分級装置での分級条件を変更し、更に表面改質装置の条件を表2に示すようにした以外はトナー1と同様にしてトナー12を得た。トナー粒子12の、FPIA2100で測定された物性(0.6μm以上3μm未満粒子率)、及びトナー12のFPIA2100で測定された物性(円形度)、塩酸−界面活性剤溶液による溶出磁性体の吸光度を表3に示す。
用いる磁性体、ワックスを表2のようにして、更に熱混練機の混練条件を表2に示すように変更し、機械式粉砕機を用いずにジェット気流式粉砕機を用い、多分割分級装置での分級条件を変更し、更に表面改質装置による表面改質を行わなかった以外はトナー1と同様にしてトナー13を得た。トナー粒子13の、FPIA2100で測定された物性(0.6μm以上3μm未満粒子率)、及びトナー13のFPIA2100で測定された物性(円形度)、塩酸−界面活性剤溶液による溶出磁性体の吸光度を表3に示す。
次に、調製されたトナーを用いて、以下に示すような方法によって評価を行った。評価結果を表4に示す。
常温・常湿環境下(23℃,50%RH)で印字比率4%の画像で複写機用普通紙(A4サイズ:75g/m2)に18000枚の画出し試験を行う前後で、トナー容器内のトナー量を測定し、画像1枚あたりのトナー消費量を測定した。
常温・常湿環境下(23℃,50%RH)において、図3に示すチェッカー模様をプリントアウトし、ドット再現性を以下の評価基準に基づいて評価した。
A:非常に良好(欠損2個以下/100個)
B:良好(欠損3〜5個/100個)
C:普通(欠損6〜10個/100個)
D:悪い(欠損11個以上/100個)
低温・低湿環境下(15℃,10%RH)での耐久において、画出し中の現像スリーブ上のトナーコート状態及びプリント画像から、ブロッチの評価を行った。
A 現像スリーブ上にブロッチが全く見られない。
B 現像スリーブ上にわずかに見られるが、画像上にはその影響は現れない。
C 現像スリーブ上に見られ、画像上にもその影響がかすかに現れる。
D 現像スリーブ上にブロッチが見られ、画像上に著しくその影響が現れる。
画像面積比率約3%の画像を高温・高湿環境下(32.5℃,80%RH)で2,500枚連続プリントアウトした後、2,500枚後の画像流れの程度により評価した。本評価においては、経験上、画像流れが発生し易いタルクを填料として用いている紙(32.5℃、80%RHで吸湿量10%にしたもの)を評価用紙とした。尚、紙の吸湿量は、Infrared Engineering製MOISTREX MX 5000を用いて測定した。評価は、下記の基準によって行なった。
A:画像流れが全く発生しない。
B:AとCの中間レベル。
C:画像流れが発生しているが、文字が何か判別できる。
D:CとEの中間レベル。
E:画像流れが発生し、文字が何か判別できない。
画像面積比率約3%の画像を、高温・高湿環境下(32.5℃,80%RH)で2,500枚連続してプリントアウトした後、A4サイズの記録紙全面にベタ黒画像を形成し、ベタ黒画像上に生ずる白点の発生の程度を評価した。評価は、下記の基準によって行なった。
A:A4サイズの記録紙上に白点が全く発生しない。
B:AとBの中間レベル。
C:A4サイズの記録紙上に白点が10点程度みられる。
D:CとEの中間レベル。
E:A4サイズの記録紙上に白点が100点以上見られる。
低温・低湿環境下(15℃,10%RH)において画像面積比率約3%の画像を2500枚連続プリントアウトし、2500枚後のハーフトーン画像(副走査方向1ドット・2スペース)により、白筋のレベルを評価した。
A:白筋が全く発生しない。
B:白筋が発生しているが肉眼で明確に把握できない。
C:白筋の発生が肉眼で多数本明確に把握できる。
画像面積比率約3%の横線のみからなる画像パターンで高温・高湿環境下(30℃,80%RH)において、6000枚連続プリントアウトした後、同じ横線を現像中にマシンを止め、現像後の静電荷像担持体上の文字部の尾引き状況を以下の基準に従い目視で判断したものである。
A:尾引きは未発生。
B:わずかに尾引きは発生しているものの、良好な画像。
C:尾引きは発生しているものの、実用的には問題のない画質。
D:尾引きがひどく、実用上好ましくない画像。
低温・低湿環境下(15℃,10%RH)、高温高湿環境下(32.5℃,80%RH)の各環境下で、2枚/10秒のプリント速度、印字比率3%で複写機用普通紙(A4サイズ:75g/m2)に9000枚の画出し試験を行い、一日放置して再び9000枚、計18000枚の画出し試験を行った。結果を表4に示す。
32 微粉回収
33 原料供給口
34 ライナー
35 冷風導入口
36 分散ローター
37 製品排出口
38 排出弁
39 ガイドリング
40 角型ディスク
41 第一の空間
42 第二の空間
Claims (4)
- 結着樹脂、磁性体を少なくとも含有するトナーであって、該トナーのフロー式粒子像測定装置で計測される円相当径3μm以上400μm以下のトナーの平均円形度が0.930以上0.970未満であり、該トナー40mgを界面活性剤水溶液5mlに分散させ、さらに6mol/lの塩酸5mlを加え該トナーの表面磁性体を30分間抽出した溶液において、該磁性体に由来する吸収340nmでの吸光度が2.30〜3.50であることを特徴とするトナー。
- 該トナーに用いる磁性体がSi元素を磁性体を基準として0.3〜0.9質量%含有しており、さらに鉄以外の金属元素としてMn、Zn、Cu、Al及びMgからなるグループから選択される1種以上の金属元素(他種金属元素)を磁性体を基準として0.4〜1.2質量%含有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 該トナー粒子のフロー式粒子像測定装置で計測される円相当径0.6μm以上400μm以下のトナー粒子における個数平均粒径分布個数基準の粒径分布において、0.6μm以上3μm未満のトナー粒子比率が0個数%以上20個数%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のトナー。
- 該トナーが極性を有するワックスを含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のトナー。
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