JP2005231912A - Apparatus and method of composting organic waste using hot air oven - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a method of composting organic waste which is capable ripening and fermenting the organic waste for a short time, preventing odor occurring in the drying of the organic waste and obtaining sterilized high grade compost in the ripening and fermentation of the organic waste. <P>SOLUTION: The organic waste is charged in a drying house 11, preheated by a hot air from a hot air oven while being stirred, dried by aeration and after deodorized, transferred to a fermentation chamber 12 and remaining heat treating. The exhaust gas produced in the drying house 11 is collected by an exhaust gas collecting pipe 31 and heat-treated to be deodorized and made harmless with hot blast stove 28. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention uses a hot stove to dry and sterilize organic waste with hot air before aging fermentation treatment when composting organic waste such as livestock manure and garbage. The present invention relates to an organic waste composting apparatus and a composting method.

Conventionally, organic wastes such as livestock manure and garbage are composted and reused as fertilizer. There are two types of composting: natural fermentation and mechanical agitation. The sedimentation method is a natural sedimentation method where the water content of livestock manure and garbage is adjusted to 60-70% in advance. It is a method of fermenting and ripening. On the other hand, in the stirring type, livestock manure and garbage are put into the fermenter, blown into the fermenter by a fan, etc. and mechanically stirred to promote aerobic fermentation, and moisture is naturally absorbed by the fermentation heat. It is a method of fermenting while evaporating. In this case, in order to promote sufficient aerobic fermentation by mechanical agitation, it is important to adjust the water content of livestock manure and garbage to around 60% at the stage of introduction into the fermentation tank. In any case, in order to perform fermentation efficiently, it is necessary to adjust the moisture content of livestock manure and garbage to around 60-70%.
In the sedimentation type, a method is known in which cattle manure is mixed or adsorbed on sawdust and left for 7 to 10 days, and when the moisture becomes 65 to 70%, it is deposited at a height of 1 meter or more and fermented. . (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
In the agitation method, a method of blowing the organic waste in the treatment tank to evaporate the water contained in the organic waste (see, for example, Patent Document 2), a method of evaporating the water with the fermentation heat of the heated excreta treating bacteria ( For example, refer to Patent Document 3), and a method of fermenting manure with a reduced water content by separating manure into solid and liquid (for example, see Patent Document 4) is known.
JP 51-129768 (page 8, lower right column, line 8 to page 2, upper left column, line 5) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-274899 ((0023), (0060), etc.) JP 2002-355694 A (Claim 1, (0022), etc.) JP-A-11-268982 (Claim 1, (0005), etc.)

However, in the accumulation type method described in Patent Document 1 and the like, the amount of sawdust and rice husk that are larger than the amount is mixed and deposited in the excrement of livestock, so that the capacity increases and a wide storage place is required. . In addition, sawdust and rice husk are difficult to decompose in the fermentation process, and a very long period of several years is required to decompose the keratinous material.
The stirring formulas described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 evaporate the water contained in the organic waste during fermentation in the treatment tank, and the water content of the organic waste at the stage of introduction into the fermentation tank It is not intended to adjust.
Although the stirring type described in Patent Document 4 can adjust the water content of organic waste at the stage of introduction into the fermenter, there is no description about measures against odor and sterilization generated by organic waste.

Therefore, the present invention allows aging fermentation of organic waste in a short time when aging fermentation of organic waste, prevents odor generated during drying of organic waste, and is sterilized high-grade. An object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste composting apparatus and a composting method capable of obtaining compost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste composting apparatus and a composting method that do not generate harmful substances during aging fermentation of organic waste.

The organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace of the present invention according to claim 1 is a composting of organic waste that performs a hot air processing step before fermenting organic waste such as manure and livestock of livestock. A treatment apparatus, a first hot air furnace for generating hot air, a hot air treatment chamber for dehydrating organic waste, and hot air introduction for introducing hot air generated in the first hot air furnace into the hot air treatment chamber And a second hot air furnace for heat-treating the air derived from the exhaust device.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove described in the first aspect, the second hot stove is the first hot stove.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to the first or second aspect, wherein the hot stove comprises a primary combustion chamber for vaporizing and burning liquid fuel. A secondary combustion chamber connected to the primary combustion chamber, generating a swirling combustion flow in the primary combustion chamber, and swirling in a direction different from the primary combustion flow in the secondary combustion chamber It is characterized by generating a combustion flow that rotates in a straight line or refracting the flow direction of the combustion flow a plurality of times.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second aspect, hot air introduced by the hot air introducing device is blown out from under the floor of the hot air processing chamber. The air brought into contact with the organic waste is led out from above the hot air treatment chamber by the exhaust device.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second aspect, wherein the hot air processing chamber is divided into a first hot air processing chamber and a second hot air. It is characterized in that the amount of hot air led to the first hot air processing chamber is made larger than the amount of hot air guided to the second hot air processing chamber.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second aspect, wherein the hot air treatment chamber is divided into a first hot air treatment chamber and a second hot air. A hot air temperature led to the first hot air treatment chamber is set higher than a hot air temperature led to the second hot air treatment chamber.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second aspect, the hot air treatment chamber is a space having a lower pressure than the space around the hot air treatment chamber. The hot air treatment chamber is divided into a first hot air treatment chamber and a second hot air treatment chamber, and the first hot air treatment chamber is a space having a pressure lower than that of the second hot air treatment chamber. And
The method for composting organic waste using the hot air furnace of the present invention according to claim 8 is the above-mentioned method in the hot air treatment chamber prior to the step of subjecting organic waste such as livestock excrement and garbage to an aged fermentation process. An organic waste composting method for drying and sterilizing organic waste, wherein the organic waste is mixed with a desiccant, and the organic waste mixed with the desiccant is treated with the hot air treatment chamber. A drying and sterilizing step for drying and sterilizing at a temperature of 80 ° C. to 180 ° C. in the hot air treatment chamber.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot blast furnace according to the eighth aspect, the odor generated in the dry sterilization step is introduced into the hot blast furnace.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to the eighth aspect, the dry sterilization step is performed by adding the organic waste mixed with the desiccant to an atmosphere at a predetermined temperature. A preheating step to be placed below, an aeration step in which hot air is brought into contact with the organic compound after the preheating step, and a preheating step in which the organic waste is placed in an atmosphere at a predetermined temperature after the aeration step. To do.
The present invention according to claim 11 is characterized in that in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to claim 8, a pruned branch of fruit tree such as persimmon is used as a chip as the desiccant. And

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, dehydration from organic waste can be performed in a short time by dehydrating organic waste using hot air generated in a hot air furnace.
Moreover, by heat-treating the odor generated when drying organic waste in a hot air furnace, in particular, the ammonia component can be decomposed into nitrogen and water, and the air in the hot air treatment chamber can be deodorized.
In addition, by dehydrating with hot air of 80 ° C. to 180 ° C., the drying effect is enhanced, and there is a bactericidal action, and it is possible to kill miscellaneous bacteria, so that good fermentation can be performed. Furthermore, germination of weeds after composting can be prevented by killing seeds mixed in manure.

The organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first embodiment of the present invention is the first hot air in the hot air treatment step before fermenting the organic waste such as livestock manure and garbage. Hot air generated in the furnace is introduced into a hot air treatment chamber for dehydrating organic waste, and the air derived from the hot air treatment chamber is heat-treated in a second hot air furnace. According to this embodiment, dehydration of organic waste can be performed in a short time by dehydrating organic waste using hot air generated in a hot air furnace. Moreover, by heat-treating the odor generated when drying organic waste in a hot air furnace, in particular, the ammonia component can be decomposed into nitrogen and water, and the air in the hot air treatment chamber can be deodorized.
The second embodiment of the present invention is the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to the first embodiment, wherein the second hot stove is the first hot stove. According to the present embodiment, the second hot stove and the first hot stove can be combined with one hot stove.
The third embodiment of the present invention is the primary combustion in which the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to the first or second embodiment is burned by vaporizing liquid fuel in the hot stove. And a secondary combustion chamber connected to the primary combustion chamber. The primary combustion chamber generates a swirling combustion flow, and the secondary combustion chamber rotates in a swirl direction different from the primary combustion flow. A combustion flow is generated or the flow direction of the combustion flow is refracted a plurality of times. According to the present embodiment, the combustion gas vaporized at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber rotates in a spiral shape within the primary combustion chamber, so that the combustion gas and air are agitated. Therefore, the combustion in the primary combustion chamber is approaching complete combustion, and the combustion gas that has finished primary combustion moves to the secondary combustion chamber. The combustion gas that has moved to the secondary combustion chamber is stirred together with air by further swirling rotation or multiple refractions in the flow direction inside the secondary combustion chamber, so that it can be brought closer to complete combustion. . Therefore, high temperature hot air can be obtained.
According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second embodiment, hot air to be introduced into the hot air processing chamber is supplied from under the floor of the hot air processing chamber. The air blown out and brought into contact with the organic waste is led out from above the hot air treatment chamber. According to the present embodiment, the organic waste can be efficiently dried by introducing hot air from below the hot air treatment chamber and discharging it from above.
According to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second embodiment, the hot air processing chamber is replaced with the first hot air processing chamber. The amount of hot air divided into the hot air treatment chamber and led to the first hot air treatment chamber is made larger than the amount of hot air led to the second hot air treatment chamber. According to this embodiment, dehydration can be accelerated by introducing a large amount of hot air into the first hot air treatment chamber, and further drying can be performed in the second hot air treatment chamber by the residual heat effect. Therefore, the start-up of the fermentation effect can be enhanced.
According to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to the first or second embodiment, the hot air treatment chamber is divided into the first hot air treatment chamber and the second hot air treatment chamber. The hot air temperature is divided into hot air processing chambers, and the hot air temperature guided to the first hot air processing chamber is higher than the hot air temperature guided to the second hot air processing chamber. According to the present embodiment, dehydration is accelerated by introducing hot air having a high temperature to the first hot air treatment chamber, and further drying is performed in the second hot air treatment chamber by utilizing the residual heat effect of the hot air having a lower temperature. Can be made. Therefore, the start-up of the fermentation effect can be enhanced.
In the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot air furnace according to the first or second embodiment, the seventh embodiment of the present invention is configured such that the hot air processing chamber has a pressure higher than the space around the hot air processing chamber. The hot air processing chamber is divided into a first hot air processing chamber and a second hot air processing chamber, and the first hot air processing chamber is a space having a lower pressure than the second hot air processing chamber. is there. According to the present embodiment, by setting the hot air treatment chamber to a space having a lower pressure than the space around the hot air treatment chamber, odor generated in the hot air treatment chamber is not leaked to the outside. Moreover, the leakage of odor to the outside can be reduced by making the first hot air processing chamber with more odor generation a space having a lower pressure than the second hot air processing chamber.
The organic waste composting method using the hot stove according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention is applied to the organic waste in the hot air treatment step before fermenting the organic waste such as livestock manure and garbage. It has a moisture adjustment step for mixing the desiccant and a drying and sterilization step for drying and sterilizing the organic waste mixed with the desiccant in the hot air treatment chamber, and introduces hot air at 80 to 180 ° C. into the hot air treatment chamber. Is. According to the present embodiment, by adjusting the water content by mixing the desiccant, it is possible to prevent water exceeding the processing capacity from leaking out of the processing chamber and to enhance the dehydration effect. In addition, by dehydrating with hot air of 80 ° C. to 180 ° C., the drying effect is enhanced, and there is a bactericidal action, and it is possible to kill miscellaneous bacteria, so that good fermentation can be performed. Furthermore, germination of weeds after composting can be prevented by killing seeds mixed in manure.
In the ninth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic waste composting method using the hot stove according to the eighth embodiment, the odor generated in the dry sterilization step is introduced into the hot stove. According to the present embodiment, the odor generated in the dry sterilization process can be deodorized by heat treatment in the hot air furnace. In particular, the odor caused by organic waste is mostly due to ammonia, and it can be decomposed into nitrogen and water by oxidizing ammonia by heat treatment, so it can be deodorized and decomposed into environmentally harmless components. .
In the tenth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic waste composting method using the hot stove according to the eighth embodiment, the organic waste obtained by mixing the desiccant in the dry sterilization step is a preheating step, It consists of an aeration step in which hot air is brought into contact with the organic compound after the preheating step, and a preheating step in which the organic waste is placed in an atmosphere at a predetermined temperature after the aeration step. If aeration is performed at a stage where the moisture content is high, organic waste may flow into the air blowing holes. Moreover, if the moisture content is too high, it is difficult to efficiently bring hot air into contact with organic waste. According to the present embodiment, such inconvenience can be eliminated by performing the preheating step before the aeration step, and the contact with the effective hot air in the aeration step can be performed. Moreover, while passing through a preheating process after an aeration process, while making it dry further by a preheating effect, the start-up of a fermentation effect | action can be improved.
In the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, in the organic waste composting method using the hot stove according to the eighth embodiment, pruned branches of fruit trees such as persimmons are used as chips as a drying material. It is. According to the present embodiment, a fruit tree such as persimmon used as a desiccant has a high sugar content and therefore promotes fermentation. Further, the pruned branch of the cocoon has a hollow cross section, so that it is hollow in a macaroni shape after being chipped. Therefore, it easily absorbs moisture and is suitable as a deodorizing material.

Hereinafter, an organic waste composting apparatus and a composting method using a hot stove in one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual plan view showing the overall configuration of an organic waste composting apparatus using a hot stove according to this embodiment. The composting processing apparatus 10 is a drying house 11 for drying organic waste as a pretreatment before aging fermentation of organic waste, a fermentation tank 12 for fermenting organic waste dried in the drying house 11, and a fermentation tank 12 An aged fermenter tank 13 for aging and fermenting fermented organic waste is provided as a basic element. Here, the drying house 11 and the fermenter 12 constitute a hot air treatment chamber. The hot air processing chamber forms an independent space by a partition material such as an air curtain, and the drying house 11 further forms an independent space by a partition material such as an air curtain in the hot air processing chamber. The drying house 11 includes a preheating tank 14 and a drying chamber 15 communicating with the preheating tank 14. The preheating tank 14, the drying chamber 15, and the fermentation tank 12 are formed in a space sandwiched between a pair of side walls 16, 17, and the preheating tank 14 is partitioned from the outside by a resin curtain 19 that can be opened and closed freely. The drying chamber 15 is partitioned by the same curtain 20 on the fermenter 12 side. At least a part of the floor surface of the preheating tank 14 and the fermentation tank 12 is composed of metal plates 21 and 23 having no holes, and at least a part of the floor surface of the drying chamber 15 has holes for passing hot air described later. The perforated metal plate 22 is formed.

Under the floors of the drying house 11 and the fermenter 12, as shown in FIG. 2, a main air passage 25 and branch air passages 26 and 27 for supplying hot air from the hot air oven 24 are arranged. Then, hot air is introduced into the drying chamber 15 through holes in the perforated metal plate 22 on the floor surface of the drying chamber 15. Since there are no holes in the floor surfaces of the preheating tank 14 and the fermentation tank 12, hot air is not directly supplied into the preheating tank 14 from the branch air passages 26 and 27. Since the floor surface is heated, the preheating tank 14 and the fermentation tank 12 are heated. As shown in FIG. 2, the air passage 26 of the drying chamber 15 is arranged at a higher density than the branch air passage 27 of the fermentation tank 12, and the amount or temperature of hot air leading to the drying chamber 15 is determined from the amount of hot air or temperature leading to the fermentation tank 12. Higher is preferred.
On the other hand, the floor surface of the aging fermentation tank 13 is composed of a metal plate 30 having a hole, and an air passage (not shown) is disposed under the floor, and hot air is supplied into the aging fermentation tank 13 by the hot air furnace 28. The hot stove 28 may be a smaller hot stove than the hot stove 24.
As shown in FIG. 3, exhaust collection pipes 31 and 32 that collect exhaust gas from the drying house 11 and the fermentation tank 12 are arranged on the ceiling portions of the drying house 11 and the fermentation tank 12. Exhaust air collected by the exhaust collection pipes 31 and 32 is supplied to the hot stove 24 by the exhaust pump 34 and subjected to heat treatment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional front view of the drying house 11. Side walls 16 and 17 are provided on the floor surface 35, and the upper part is covered with a ceiling 36. The floor surface 35 is further provided with a guide 37 on which rails 38 are placed inside the side walls 16 and 17, and a transporter 39 is movably provided on the rails 38. Between the pair of guides 37, metal plates 21, 22, and 23 (the perforated metal plate 22 is shown in FIG. 4) are arranged in this order, and the main wind path is in the space below the metal plates 21, 22, and 23. 25 and branch air passages 26 and 27 are arranged. Exhaust collection pipes 31 and 32 are suspended from the ceiling 36.
As the transporter 39, a rotary fermenter described in JP 2000-239089 A or a screw fermenter described in JP 2002-192131 A or the like can be used. The transporting device 39 can transport the organic waste and perform stirring.

  5-7 is a figure which shows an example of the hot stove 24, FIG. 5 is a partially broken side view, FIG. 6 is a partially broken plan view, FIG. 7 is a principal part perspective view of an air ejection pipe | tube. The hot stove 28 can also have the same configuration. In the present embodiment, a hot blast furnace that generates hot air for dehydrating organic waste and a hot blast furnace that heat-treats air derived from the hot blast treatment chamber are configured by one hot blast furnace 24. However, this hot stove 24 may be constituted by a first hot stove that generates hot air for dehydrating organic waste and a second hot stove that heat-treats the air derived from the hot air treatment chamber. Moreover, you may comprise the hot stove 24 and the hot stove 28 as one hot stove.

The main part of the hot stove 24 includes a primary combustion chamber 41, a secondary combustion chamber 42, a tertiary combustion chamber 43, an exhaust duct 44, and a use side medium passage 45.
The primary combustion chamber 41 includes a cylindrical combustion wall 51 arranged vertically, a bottom 52 connected to the combustion wall 51, and a lid 53 that closes the upper end of the combustion wall 51 so as to be openable and closable. An inspection port 54 and a fuel supply port 55 are provided in the vicinity of the bottom 52, and an air supply pipe 56 for supplying air into the primary combustion chamber 41 and a primary combustion chamber 41 are provided above the combustion wall 51. A primary combustion chamber outlet 57 is provided to send the combustion gas burned in step 2 to the secondary combustion chamber 42. The combustion wall 51 is preferably cylindrical in terms of pressure resistance performance, but may be configured with a polygonal surface.
In addition, the primary combustion chamber 41 is connected to the air supply pipe 56, and is disposed at a lower end portion of the vertical air ejection pipe 58 and a vertical air ejection pipe 58 disposed at a position passing through the substantially central axis of the combustion wall 41. And a horizontal air jet pipe 59 arranged on the upper portion of the bottom 52. The vertical air ejection pipe 58 has a number of air ejection holes 58A. As shown in FIG. 7, five horizontal air ejection pipes 59 are arranged radially around the vertical air ejection pipe 58, and each horizontal air ejection pipe 59 has an air ejection hole 59A. Air is supplied to the air supply pipe 56 from an air blower fan (not shown), and the air is supplied to an air ejection hole 58A provided in the vertical air ejection pipe 58 and an air ejection hole 59A provided in the horizontal air ejection pipe 59. To the primary combustion chamber 41. Thus, by making the vertical air ejection pipe 58 and the horizontal air ejection pipe 59 independent from each other, it becomes easy to adjust the amount of air ejected from the vertical air ejection pipe 58 and the amount of air ejected from the horizontal air ejection pipe 59.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the vertical air ejection pipes 58 are provided with air ejection holes 58A arranged in a column at substantially equal intervals, and the air ejection holes 58A extend vertically from the position of the adjacent air ejection holes 58A in the vertical direction. It is provided with a predetermined size shift. Each of the horizontal air ejection pipes 59 is provided with a plurality of air ejection holes 59A. These air ejection holes 59A are ejected from a center of the primary combustion chamber 1 to a spiral position extending outward. A hole 59A is provided. Note that these air ejection holes 59A are preferably holes oriented obliquely upward. Also, the air ejection hole 58A is preferably a hole having an angle in one direction so as to rotate in a spiral shape. Further, the ejection direction of the air ejection hole 58A and the air ejection hole so that the rotation direction of the vortex generated by the air ejected from the air ejection hole 58A matches the rotation direction of the vortex generated by the air ejected from the air ejection hole 59A. When the ejection direction of 59A is selected, a state in which the combustion efficiency of the primary combustion chamber 41 is better can be obtained.

  The secondary combustion chamber 42 is connected to the primary combustion chamber outlet 57, and has a secondary combustion chamber inlet 60 that is an intake port for combustion gas burned in the primary combustion chamber 41, and an outer wall 61 that covers the secondary combustion chamber 42. And a combustion flow regulating plate 62 provided inside the secondary combustion chamber 42, and a secondary combustion chamber outlet 63, which is an outlet for taking out the burned combustion gas. The secondary combustion chamber inlet 60, the outer wall 61, and the secondary combustion chamber outlet 63 are all cylindrical. The secondary combustion chamber inlet portion 60 is connected to the upper portion of the end surface on one end side of the outer wall portion 61, and the secondary combustion chamber outlet portion 63 is connected to the lower portion of the end surface on the other end side of the outer wall portion 61. An air supply hole 64 for supplying air into the secondary combustion chamber 62 is provided in the periphery of the secondary combustion chamber inlet 60. The combustion flow restriction plate 62 is provided in a spiral shape so that the center of rotation of the combustion flow moves in the horizontal direction. By providing the helical combustion regulating plate 62 in this way, the combustion gas in the secondary combustion chamber 42 rotates in a spiral shape. The flow direction of the combustion gas is the horizontal direction shown in the figure, but it may be inclined or may be the vertical direction. In order to further increase the combustion efficiency in the secondary combustion chamber 42, it is preferable to provide the air supply holes 64 also in the intermediate portion and the rear end portion of the secondary combustion chamber, for example, in the primary combustion chamber 41. It is preferable that a pipe having an air ejection hole similar to the vertical air ejection pipe 58 is provided in the longitudinal direction in the secondary combustion chamber 42.

  The tertiary combustion chamber 43 is covered with an outer wall 71 that covers the outside of the tertiary combustion chamber 43 and a partition wall 72, and has a tertiary combustion restriction plate 74 inside. The tertiary combustion chamber 43 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber outlet 63, and is connected to the tertiary combustion chamber inlet 70, which is an intake of combustion gas burned in the secondary combustion chamber 42, and the exhaust duct 44. And a tertiary combustion chamber outlet 73. The combustion gas in the tertiary combustion chamber 43 is directed upward from the tertiary combustion chamber inlet 70 provided at the lower portion, but is divided into left and right by the partition wall 72. A tertiary combustion regulating plate 74 composed of a plurality of plates exists between the outer wall 71 and the partition wall plate 72 on both the left and right sides. Since each plate constituting the tertiary combustion regulating plate 74 is provided with a gap between the outer wall 71 alternately on one end side and the other end side, the combustion gas flows between the one end side and the other end side. , And the combustion gas joins again at the tertiary combustion chamber outlet 73. The combustion gas guided to the tertiary combustion chamber outlet 73 passes through the exhaust duct 44 and is forcibly exhausted by the exhaust fan 75 provided in the exhaust duct 44. The outer wall 71 and the partition wall 72 may be cylindrical.

  The use side medium passage 45 includes a space surrounding the primary combustion chamber 41, the secondary combustion chamber 42, and the tertiary combustion chamber 43, a hot air blower 77 formed on the blowing side of the hot air blower 76, and the obtained hot air It is comprised from the warm air pipe 80 which sends out. A punching metal 79 is provided between the hot air blowing section 76 and the heat exchange section outer wall 78. In addition, it is preferable that the gas introduced from the warm air blower 76 passes through the tertiary combustion chamber 43, the secondary combustion chamber 42, and the primary combustion chamber 41 in order and is discharged from the warm air pipe 80.

  According to the hot stove having such a configuration, the combustion gas vaporized at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber 41 rotates in a vortex inside the primary combustion chamber 41, so that the combustion gas and air are agitated. Therefore, combustion in the primary combustion chamber 41 approaches complete combustion. The combustion gas that has finished the primary combustion moves to the secondary combustion chamber 42. The combustion gas that has transferred to the secondary combustion chamber 42 is further swirled inside the secondary combustion chamber 42, or the combustion gas and air are agitated due to multiple refractions in the flow direction. Can be approached. Therefore, high temperature hot air can be obtained.

Next, the operation of the organic waste composting apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.
First, the operation of the hot stove 24 will be described with reference to FIGS. Waste oil as fuel is supplied from a fuel supply port 55 provided in the bottom 52 of the primary combustion chamber 41. Waste oil to be burned accumulates in the bottom 52, and the bottom 52 functions as a combustion dish. Next, combustion is started by supplying the combustion product for ignition from the inspection port 54 onto the bottom 52 where the waste oil is accumulated. On the other hand, in the vicinity of the bottom 52, air is supplied from the air ejection holes 59A so as to cause rotation. The waste oil burns while being vaporized, and the combustion temperature rises as the combustion increases, and the stirring of the combustion gas and air is promoted by the air supplied from the air ejection holes 59A. At this time, the combustion gas in the primary combustion chamber 41, the secondary combustion chamber 42, and the tertiary combustion chamber 43 is sucked by the exhaust fan 75, so that the combustion gas rises in the primary combustion chamber 41.
The combustion gas that rises in the primary combustion chamber 41 becomes a flow that rotates in a vortex, and mixing of air and combustion gas is promoted, and combustion is further promoted by new air supplied from the air ejection holes 58A. The combustion gas that reaches the upper portion of the primary combustion chamber 41 is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 42 through the primary combustion chamber outlet 57 and the secondary combustion chamber inlet 60.

  The combustion gas introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 42 moves to the secondary combustion chamber outlet 63 as a flow rotating in a spiral shape by the combustion flow regulating plate 62. At this time, new air is introduced from the air supply hole 64, and the stirring flow of the combustion gas and air is further promoted by the flow rotating in a spiral shape, and the combustion becomes active, and the combustion temperature is a maximum temperature of 1800 degrees or more. To rise. As a more effective method, the rotational direction of the air vortex ejected from the horizontal air ejection pipe 59 is matched with the rotational direction of the air vortex ejected from the vertical air ejection pipe 58. Such air vortices overlap with the updraft generated by combustion, and the combustion flow becomes a spiral vortex that goes upward. When an appropriate amount of air necessary for combustion is supplied, stirring of combustion gas and air is effective. The combustion temperature rises and the combustion approaches closer to complete combustion.

  Combustion gas introduced from the secondary combustion chamber outlet 63 to the tertiary combustion chamber inlet 70 is introduced into the tertiary combustion chamber 43 from below. The combustion gas introduced into the tertiary combustion chamber 43 rises between the outer wall 71 and the partition wall 72. At this time, the combustion gas rises by alternately turning back one end side and the other end side of the outer wall 71 by the tertiary combustion regulating plate 74 provided between the outer wall 71 and the partition wall plate 72. Due to the flow of the combustion gas, the heat of the combustion gas is taken by the outer wall 71 and the partition wall plate 72 and reaches the exhaust duct 44 while lowering the combustion temperature. The soot generated at the end of combustion is prevented from rising and accumulated in the lower part of the tertiary combustion chamber 43. Since the combustion is completely burned, the waste oil is completely decomposed to obtain a clean exhaust gas free from pollutants.

  On the other hand, the air sent to the hot air blower 77 by the hot air blower 76 becomes a uniform wind pressure by the punching metal 79 and is a space in the outer wall 78 of the heat exchange part surrounding the secondary combustion chamber 42 and the tertiary combustion chamber 43. It is led to a certain use side medium passage 45. Then, while taking heat from the secondary combustion chamber 42 and the tertiary combustion chamber 43, the blower 29 passes from the hot air pipe 80 through the use side medium passage 45 constituted by the space formed by the partition wall 72 of the tertiary combustion chamber 43. Is derived.

Next, operations of the drying house 11, the fermentation tank 12, and the aging fermentation tank 13 will be described with reference to FIGS.
The drying house 11 is a space for adjusting the water content of organic waste such as livestock manure and garbage to 50% to 60%, and is divided into two areas, a preheating tank 14 and a drying chamber 15. The preheating tank 14 supplies hot air from the hot stove 24 from below the floor to the metal plate 21 on the floor surface by the blower 29 via the main air passage 25 and the branch air passage 26, and is 80 ° C. to 180 ° C., preferably 150 ° C. To 180 ° C. On the other hand, hot air from the hot stove 24 is supplied to the drying chamber 15 from below the floor through the trunk air passage 25 and the branch air passage 26 to the perforated metal plate 22 on the floor surface, and from the holes of the perforated metal plate 22. Hot air blows into the drying chamber 15 to heat from 80 ° C. to 180 ° C., preferably from 150 ° C. to 180 ° C. That is, the drying house 11 composed of the preheating tank 14 and the drying chamber 15 functions as a hot air processing chamber for treating organic waste with hot air before fermentation. However, if the temperature of the hot air treatment chamber exceeds 180 ° C., the organic waste is carbonized, which is not preferable. Moreover, sufficient sterilization cannot be performed at a temperature lower than 80 ° C. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain the temperature of the hot air treatment chamber at 80 to 180 ° C., preferably 150 to 180 ° C. Note that the drying house as the hot air treatment chamber is decompressed to a space having a lower pressure than the surrounding space of the hot air treatment chamber.
On the other hand, in the fermentation chamber 12, hot air from the hot stove 24 is supplied to the metal plate 23 on the floor surface via the trunk air passage 25 and the branch air passage 27 from below the floor, and the metal plate 23 is heated to constitute a residual heat chamber. . The branch air passage 27 is disposed at a lower density than the branch air passage 26, and is heated to a temperature that maintains the residual heat by reducing the amount of hot air introduced into the drying chamber 15. The fermentation chamber 12 also acts as a low temperature hot air treatment chamber.

With the temperature and pressure adjusted in this manner, the transporter 39 is placed in the preheating tank 14, and organic waste such as livestock excrement and garbage is put into the transporter 39 from the inlet 18. In this case, since organic waste is fluid when it is organic waste having a water content of 90% or more, such as cow dung, the pruned branches of fruit trees such as already composted organic waste and straw These chips are mixed as a desiccant to absorb moisture into the desiccant and solidify to some extent. Since the composted organic waste is the same as the material when the input organic waste is finally composted, a high-grade compost can be obtained. When chips of pruned branches of fruit trees are mixed, fermentation can be promoted because the sugar content of the chips to be mixed is high. In addition, since the pruned branches of cocoons are easily hollowed in the cross section of the branches, they become hollow in a macaroni shape after being made into chips, so that they easily absorb moisture and are suitable as deodorizing materials.
The organic waste thrown into the conveyor 39 is preheated at a temperature of 80 ° C. to 180 ° C. in the preheating tank 14. Since there is no hole in the metal plate 21 on the floor surface of the preheating tank 14, the moisture of the organic waste does not fall under the floor, but starts drying by preheating, and the moisture is reduced to a solid state. At this time, it is preferable to perform stirring uniformly with the transport device 39 so that the drying is performed uniformly and the organic waste is not dumped. Then, the organic waste is moved to the drying chamber 15 by the transporter 39. In the drying chamber 15, drying is promoted by the aeration action by the hot air blown from under the floor and the stirring of the transporter 39. During this drying, a gas with an odor such as ammonia is generated from the organic waste. The amount of ammonia generated at this time reaches 300 ppm to 400 ppm. This gas is collected and collected by the exhaust collecting pipes 31 and 32 disposed on the ceiling, and is supplied to the hot stove 24 by the exhaust pump 34. The exhaust gas supplied to the hot stove 24 is introduced from the hot air blower 76 of FIG. 5 and is heat-treated at a high temperature of 1300 ° C. to 1800 ° C. When heat treatment is performed at such a high temperature, ammonia is instantaneously decomposed into nitrogen gas and water to be reduced to 4 ppm or less, deodorized and detoxified, and then discharged. In addition, since a part of the gas heat-treated at high temperature is discharged from the exhaust port 81, the interior of the drying house 11 is decompressed so as to be a lower pressure space than the surrounding space. Gases with odors such as ammonia do not leak to the surroundings.
The time for the hot air treatment in the drying house 11 varies depending on the amount of the organic waste to be input, the temperature in the drying house 11, the amount of stirring in the transport device 39, etc.

The organic waste that has passed through the drying house 11 is sent to the fermentation tank 12. The fermenter 12 also forms an independent sealed space. And the organic waste sent to the fermentation tank 12 has the residual heat heated by the drying house 11, and also the fermentation tank 12 is heated with the hot air from under the floor, Therefore 60 to 80 degreeC Can be heated back and forth. The organic waste is further dried by the preheating process at this temperature, and the water content of the organic waste that has passed through the fermentation tank 12 can be reduced to 50% to 60%. Therefore, the start-up of the aging fermentation action in the aging fermentation tank 13 described later can be enhanced. In addition, also in the fermenter 12, it is preferable to stir with the conveying machine 39. FIG.
The organic waste conveyed to the fermenter 12 has a volume ratio of about 1/3 compared to the volume at the time of carry-in. In addition, almost no odorous components such as ammonia are removed and deodorized or deodorized, and there is almost no odor. Furthermore, since the hot air treatment is performed at 80 ° C. to 180 ° C., various germs can be killed. Furthermore, since the seeds of plants mixed in manure can be killed, germination of weeds after composting can be prevented.

Next, the organic waste fermented in the fermentation tank 12 is transferred to the aging fermentation tank 13. The floor surface of the aging fermentation tank 13 is composed of a perforated metal plate 30. When hot air is supplied from the bottom of the floor by the hot air furnace 28, the floor surface of the aging fermentation tank 13 is heated, and hot air is also generated inside the aging fermentation tank 13. Is blown out. Therefore, the aging fermenter 13 can be maintained at an aging temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. Under this temperature, the organic waste can be aged and fermented by aeration with hot air blown from under the floor. In this way, organic waste can be composted.
In this aging fermentation process, the fermentation temperature rises as the aging fermentation proceeds, and the fermentation temperature decreases when the aging fermentation passes a peak. When the fermentation temperature starts to decrease, the second aging fermentation process is performed by terminating the aging fermentation process, stirring the piled organic waste, or performing top-bottom transshipment. In the second aging fermentation process, the fermentation temperature rises as the aging fermentation proceeds, and the fermentation temperature decreases when the aging fermentation exceeds the peak. The peak ripening fermentation temperature at this time is lower than the ripening fermentation temperature of the first peak. Completely fermented fermentation can be realized by repeating this process once or twice.

As described above, according to this embodiment, dehydration of organic waste can be performed in a short time by dehydrating organic waste using hot air generated in a hot air furnace.
Moreover, by heat-treating the odor generated when drying organic waste in a hot air furnace, in particular, the ammonia component can be decomposed into nitrogen and water, and the air in the hot air treatment chamber can be deodorized.
In addition, by dehydrating with hot air of 80 ° C. to 180 ° C., the drying effect is enhanced, and there is a bactericidal action, so that various bacteria can be killed, so that good fermentation can be performed.
Furthermore, germination of weeds after composting can be prevented by killing seeds mixed in manure.

  An organic waste composting apparatus and a composting method using a hot air furnace according to the present invention are used to convert organic waste such as manure, livestock, pruned branches of trees, dead leaves, and weeds into resources such as compost. It is useful for various composting equipment for processing. Particularly useful for composting equipment that does not generate odors and harmful substances, can be efficiently processed in a short time, and can produce high-grade compost when recycling organic waste. It is.

The conceptual top view which shows the whole structure of the composting processing apparatus of the organic waste using the hot stove by the Example of this invention The conceptual top view explaining arrangement | positioning of the air path which supplies a hot air from the hot air furnace of the composting processing apparatus of the organic waste using the hot air furnace by the Example of this invention The conceptual top view explaining arrangement | positioning of the exhaust collection pipe which collect | recovers exhaust_gas | exhaustion of the composting processing apparatus of the organic waste using the hot stove by the Example of this invention Sectional front view of a drying house in an organic waste composting apparatus using a hot stove according to an embodiment of the present invention The partially broken side view of the hot stove used for the composting processing apparatus of the organic waste using the hot stove by the Example of this invention The partially broken top view of the hot stove used for the composting processing apparatus of the organic waste using the hot stove by the Example of this invention The perspective view of the principal part of the air jet pipe of the hot stove used for the organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Composting processing apparatus 11 Drying house 12 Fermentation tank 13 Aging fermentation tank 14 Preheating tank 15 Drying chamber 18 Input port 19, 20 Curtain 21, 23 Metal plate 22 Perforated metal plate 24, 28 Hot air furnace 25 Stem wind path 26, 27 Branch air passage 29 Blower 31, 32 Exhaust gas collection pipe 34 Exhaust pump 37 Guide 38 Rail 39 Conveyor 41 Primary combustion chamber 42 Secondary combustion chamber 43 Tertiary combustion chamber 44 Exhaust duct 45 Use side medium passage 51 Combustion wall 52 Bottom 53 Lid Port 54 Inspection port 55 Fuel supply port 56 Air supply pipe 57 Primary combustion chamber outlet 58 Vertical air ejection pipe 58A, 59A Air ejection hole 59 Horizontal air ejection pipe 60 Secondary combustion chamber inlet section 61 Outer wall section 62 Combustion flow restriction plate 63 Secondary combustion chamber outlet 64 Air supply hole 71 External wall 72 Bulkhead 74 Tertiary combustion regulating plate 76 Hot air blower 7 Hot air blower unit 78 heat exchange outer wall 79 punching metal 80 hot air pipe

Claims (11)

  An organic waste composting apparatus that performs a hot air treatment process before fermenting organic waste such as livestock manure and garbage, and a first hot air furnace that generates hot air, and dehydration of organic waste A hot air treatment chamber to be performed; a hot air introduction device for introducing hot air generated in the first hot air furnace into the hot air treatment chamber; an exhaust device for deriving air in the hot air treatment chamber; and air derived by the exhaust device An organic waste composting apparatus using a hot air furnace, comprising: a second hot air furnace for heat-treating.   2. The organic waste composting apparatus using a hot stove according to claim 1, wherein the second hot stove is the first hot stove.   The hot stove is composed of a primary combustion chamber that vaporizes and burns liquid fuel and a secondary combustion chamber that is connected to the primary combustion chamber, and generates a combustion flow that rotates in a spiral in the primary combustion chamber. 3. The secondary combustion chamber is configured to generate a combustion flow that spirally rotates in a direction different from the primary combustion flow, or to refract the flow direction of the combustion flow a plurality of times. An organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove described in 1.   The hot air introduced by the hot air introducing device is blown out from under the floor of the hot air treatment chamber, and the air brought into contact with the organic waste is led out from above the hot air treatment chamber by the exhaust device. Or the composting processing apparatus of the organic waste using the hot stove of Claim 2.   The hot air treatment chamber is divided into a first hot air treatment chamber and a second hot air treatment chamber, and the amount of hot air led to the first hot air treatment chamber is made larger than the amount of hot air led to the second hot air treatment chamber. An organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to claim 1 or 2.   The hot air treatment chamber is divided into a first hot air treatment chamber and a second hot air treatment chamber, and the hot air temperature leading to the first hot air treatment chamber is set higher than the hot air temperature leading to the second hot air treatment chamber. An organic waste composting apparatus using the hot stove according to claim 1 or 2.   The hot air treatment chamber is a space having a lower pressure than the space around the hot air treatment chamber, the hot air treatment chamber is divided into a first hot air treatment chamber and a second hot air treatment chamber, and the first hot air treatment chamber is The composting apparatus for organic waste using a hot air furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the space is lower in pressure than the second hot air processing chamber.   A method for composting organic waste, wherein the organic waste is dried and sterilized in a hot-air treatment chamber before the step of aging fermentation treatment of organic waste such as livestock manure and garbage. A moisture adjustment step of mixing a desiccant with a product, and a dry sterilization step of drying and sterilizing the organic waste mixed with the desiccant in the hot air treatment chamber. A method for composting organic waste using a hot air furnace, wherein hot air of 180 ° C. is introduced.   9. The organic waste composting method using a hot stove according to claim 8, wherein the odor generated in the drying sterilization step is introduced into the hot stove.   After the aeration step, a preheating step for placing the organic waste mixed with the desiccant in an atmosphere of a predetermined temperature, an aeration step for contacting the organic compound with hot air after the preheating step, and the aeration step A method for composting organic waste using a hot stove according to claim 8, further comprising a preheating step of placing the organic waste in an atmosphere at a predetermined temperature. 9. The method for composting organic waste using a hot stove according to claim 8, wherein a pruned branch of a fruit tree such as straw is used as the desiccant.

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