JP2005225725A - Steam reforming apparatus - Google Patents

Steam reforming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2005225725A
JP2005225725A JP2004036758A JP2004036758A JP2005225725A JP 2005225725 A JP2005225725 A JP 2005225725A JP 2004036758 A JP2004036758 A JP 2004036758A JP 2004036758 A JP2004036758 A JP 2004036758A JP 2005225725 A JP2005225725 A JP 2005225725A
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steam
reformer
reforming reaction
amount
temperature
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JP4471678B2 (en
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Norihisa Kamiya
規寿 神家
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a steam reforming apparatus capable of controlling the condition of reforming reaction at a low cost and with a sure method. <P>SOLUTION: The steam reforming apparatus is provided with a reformer 3 for reforming a raw fuel by receiving steam generated by a steam generator and a reforming reaction control means H for controlling the condition of the reforming reaction in the reformer 3. In the steam reforming apparatus, a steam temperature measuring means 8 for measuring the temperature of steam supplied to the reformer 3 from the steam generator 2 is provided and the reforming reaction control means H is constituted so as to monitor whether the steam temperature measured by the steam temperature measuring means 8 is in a set temperature range or not and to decide that the reforming reaction is abnormal when the steam temperature is out of the set temperature range. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、水蒸気発生器によって生成された水蒸気の供給を受けて原燃料の改質処理を行う改質器と、その改質器における改質反応の状態を管理する改質反応管理手段とが設けられている水蒸気改質装置に関する。   The present invention includes a reformer that receives a supply of steam generated by a steam generator and reforms the raw fuel, and reforming reaction management means that manages the state of the reforming reaction in the reformer. The present invention relates to a steam reformer provided.

かかる水蒸気改質装置としては、改質反応の状態を管理することを目的として、改質反応に関与する炭素量に対する水蒸気量のモル比である水蒸気比を調節している装置がある。そして、改質器に供給される水蒸気量を測定するために流量計が設けられている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   As such a steam reforming apparatus, there is an apparatus that adjusts a steam ratio, which is a molar ratio of a steam amount to a carbon amount involved in the reforming reaction, for the purpose of managing the state of the reforming reaction. And the flowmeter is provided in order to measure the amount of water vapor | steam supplied to a reformer (for example, refer patent document 1).

特開２００１−３２５９７５号公報JP 2001-325975 A

従来の水蒸気改質装置では、改質器に供給される水蒸気量を管理することで改質反応の状態を管理していた。そのため、正確な水蒸気量の測定のために特許文献１に記載されている流量計や、水蒸気圧を測定する圧力計などが設けられている。しかしながら、流量計や圧力計といった装置は高価であり、水蒸気改質装置のコストが上昇してしまうという問題がある。   In the conventional steam reforming apparatus, the state of the reforming reaction is managed by managing the amount of steam supplied to the reformer. Therefore, a flow meter described in Patent Document 1 and a pressure gauge for measuring the water vapor pressure are provided for accurate measurement of the water vapor amount. However, devices such as a flow meter and a pressure meter are expensive, and there is a problem that the cost of the steam reformer increases.

また、流量計や圧力計を設けずに、水蒸気を送り込むポンプを作動させるための制御出力値によって改質反応に関与する水蒸気量を調節することも可能であるが、ポンプの経時的な性能変化やポンプ内部のフィルタの目詰まりといった様々な問題によって、改質器へと送出される水蒸気量に信頼性が得られなくなる可能性がある。その結果、水蒸気比が適正な値から逸脱してしまい、改質反応に異常が発生する可能性がある。   It is also possible to adjust the amount of water vapor involved in the reforming reaction with the control output value for operating the pump that feeds the water vapor without providing a flow meter or pressure gauge, but the change in performance of the pump over time Various problems such as clogging of the filter inside the pump and the amount of water vapor sent to the reformer may not be reliable. As a result, the steam ratio deviates from an appropriate value, and abnormality may occur in the reforming reaction.

本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、安価且つ確実な方法で改質反応の状態を管理可能な水蒸気改質装置を提供する点にある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a steam reformer capable of managing the state of the reforming reaction by an inexpensive and reliable method.

上記目的を達成するための本発明に係る水蒸気改質装置の第１特徴構成は、水蒸気発生器によって生成された水蒸気の供給を受けて原燃料の改質処理を行う改質器と、前記改質器における改質反応の状態を管理する改質反応管理手段とが設けられている水蒸気改質装置であって、前記水蒸気発生器から前記改質器に供給される水蒸気の温度を測定する水蒸気温度測定手段が設けられ、前記改質反応管理手段が、前記水蒸気温度測定手段での測定に基づく前記水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にあるか否かを監視し、前記水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にないときには前記改質反応が異常であると判定するように構成されている点にある。   In order to achieve the above object, a first characteristic configuration of a steam reforming apparatus according to the present invention includes a reformer that receives a supply of steam generated by a steam generator and reforms raw fuel, and the modified A steam reforming apparatus provided with reforming reaction management means for managing the state of the reforming reaction in the gasifier, the steam measuring the temperature of steam supplied from the steam generator to the reformer Temperature measuring means is provided, and the reforming reaction management means monitors whether or not the temperature of the steam based on the measurement by the steam temperature measuring means is within a set temperature range, and the temperature of the steam is set to a set temperature. When it is not within the range, the reforming reaction is determined to be abnormal.

上記第１特徴構成によれば、改質反応管理手段が、水蒸気温度測定手段での測定に基づく水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にあるか否かを監視し、水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にないときには改質反応が異常であると判定するように構成されていることで、改質反応の状態が、安価且つ確実に測定することができる水蒸気温度を指標として判定できることになる。その結果、水蒸気改質装置のコストを低くしながらも、行われる改質反応の状態を管理することができる。   According to the first characteristic configuration, the reforming reaction management means monitors whether or not the temperature of the steam based on the measurement by the steam temperature measuring means is within the set temperature range, and the steam temperature is within the set temperature range. If it is not, the reforming reaction is judged to be abnormal, so that the reforming reaction state can be judged using as an index the steam temperature at which the reforming reaction state can be measured inexpensively and reliably. As a result, it is possible to manage the state of the reforming reaction performed while reducing the cost of the steam reforming apparatus.

本発明に係る水蒸気改質装置の第２特徴構成は、上記第１特徴構成に加えて、前記改質反応管理手段が、前記水蒸気の温度が前記設定温度範囲よりも大きいときには前記水蒸気発生器への給水量を増大させて前記水蒸気発生器から前記改質器に供給される水蒸気量を増大させ、前記水蒸気の温度が前記設定温度範囲よりも小さいときには前記給水量を減少させて前記水蒸気発生器から前記改質器に供給される水蒸気量を減少させるように構成されている点にある。   The second characteristic configuration of the steam reforming apparatus according to the present invention is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration, the reforming reaction management means sends the steam generator to the steam generator when the temperature of the steam is larger than the set temperature range. To increase the amount of water supplied from the steam generator to the reformer, and when the temperature of the steam is smaller than the set temperature range, the amount of water supplied is decreased to increase the amount of water supplied to the reformer. From this point, the amount of water vapor supplied to the reformer is reduced.

上記第２特徴構成によれば、改質反応管理手段が、水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲よりも大きいときには水蒸気発生器への給水量を増大させて水蒸気発生器から改質器に供給される水蒸気量を増大させるように構成されていることで、水蒸気改質反応における水蒸気比が適正な数値から逸脱していたとしても、その数値に近づくように調節されることになる。また、改質反応管理手段が、水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲よりも小さいときには給水量を減少させて水蒸気発生器から改質器に供給される水蒸気量を減少させるように構成されていることで、水蒸気改質反応における水蒸気比が適正な数値から逸脱していたとしても、その数値に近づくように調節されることになる。その結果、水蒸気比を適正な数値に維持して、実施される改質反応の状態を良好に維持することができる。   According to the second characteristic configuration, the reforming reaction management means increases the amount of water supplied to the steam generator when the steam temperature is higher than the set temperature range, and the steam supplied from the steam generator to the reformer. By being configured to increase the amount, even if the steam ratio in the steam reforming reaction deviates from an appropriate value, it is adjusted to approach that value. The reforming reaction management means is configured to reduce the amount of water supplied to the reformer from the steam generator when the steam temperature is lower than the set temperature range. Even if the steam ratio in the steam reforming reaction deviates from an appropriate value, the steam ratio is adjusted to approach that value. As a result, the steam ratio can be maintained at an appropriate value, and the state of the reforming reaction to be performed can be favorably maintained.

本発明に係る水蒸気改質装置の第３特徴構成は、上記第２特徴構成に加えて、前記改質反応管理手段が、前記水蒸気発生器への給水量を増大させた後、又は、前記給水量を減少させた後の設定時間経過後、前記水蒸気温度測定手段での測定に基づく前記水蒸気の温度が前記設定温度範囲内にあるか否かの監視と、前記改質反応が異常であるか否かの判定とを行うように構成されている点にある。   The third characteristic configuration of the steam reforming apparatus according to the present invention is, in addition to the second characteristic configuration described above, after the reforming reaction management means increases the amount of water supplied to the steam generator, or after the water supply After the elapse of a set time after decreasing the amount, monitoring whether the temperature of the water vapor is within the set temperature range based on the measurement by the water vapor temperature measuring means, and whether the reforming reaction is abnormal It is in the point comprised so that determination of whether or not may be performed.

上記第３特徴構成によれば、水蒸気発生器への給水量を増大させることにより水蒸気比を適正な数値に調節した後、又は、給水量を減少させることにより水蒸気比を適正な数値に調節した後の設定時間経過後、水蒸気温度測定手段での測定に基づく水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にあるか否かの監視と、改質反応が異常であるか否かの判定とを再度行うように構成されていることで、上述の給水量を増大させたことによる作用、又は、給水量を減少させたことによる作用を確認することができる。   According to the third characteristic configuration, after adjusting the water vapor ratio to an appropriate value by increasing the amount of water supplied to the steam generator, or by adjusting the water vapor ratio to an appropriate value by decreasing the amount of water supplied. After a lapse of a set time later, monitoring whether the temperature of the steam based on the measurement by the steam temperature measuring means is within the set temperature range and determining whether the reforming reaction is abnormal are performed again. By being comprised in this, the effect | action by having increased the water supply amount mentioned above or the effect | action by having decreased the water supply amount can be confirmed.

本発明に係る水蒸気改質装置の第４特徴構成は、上記第１から第３の何れかの特徴構成に加えて、前記改質反応が異常であることを報知する報知手段が設けられている点にある。   The fourth characteristic configuration of the steam reforming apparatus according to the present invention is provided with notifying means for notifying that the reforming reaction is abnormal, in addition to any of the first to third characteristic configurations. In the point.

上記第４特徴構成によれば、報知手段が改質反応が異常であることを報知することで、水蒸気改質装置の使用者、保守管理者などは、異常の発生を早期に認識することができ、修理などの対策を早期に講じることができる。   According to the fourth characteristic configuration, the notification means notifies that the reforming reaction is abnormal, so that the user of the steam reformer, the maintenance manager, etc. can recognize the occurrence of the abnormality early. It is possible to take measures such as repairs at an early stage.

＜第１実施形態＞
以下に図面を参照して本発明の第１実施形態の水蒸気改質装置について説明する。
図１に示す水蒸気改質装置には、メタンガスなどの炭化水素を含む原燃料ガスの脱硫を行う脱硫器１と、脱硫された原燃料ガスと水蒸気とを反応させる水蒸気改質反応を行って水素ガスを含む水素含有ガスを発生させる改質器３と、水素含有ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に変成する一酸化炭素変成器５と、一酸化炭素変成器５を通過した水素含有ガス中に微量に含まれる一酸化炭素を酸化して、水素含有ガスに含まれる一酸化炭素濃度を更に低減させる一酸化炭素除去器６とが設けられ、原燃料バルブＶ１、改質水バルブＶ２及び原燃料ポンプＰの作動をマイクロコンピュータなどによって実現される制御部Ｈが制御して、燃料電池（図示せず）にて燃料として使用される水素ガスを含む改質ガスを生成するように構成されている。 <First Embodiment>
A steam reformer according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The steam reformer shown in FIG. 1 performs hydrogen desulfurization 1 for desulfurizing a raw fuel gas containing hydrocarbons such as methane gas, and performs a steam reforming reaction for reacting the desulfurized raw fuel gas and steam to hydrogen. A reformer 3 for generating a hydrogen-containing gas containing a gas, a carbon monoxide converter 5 for converting carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas into carbon dioxide, and a hydrogen-containing gas that has passed through the carbon monoxide converter 5 And a carbon monoxide remover 6 that oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in a trace amount therein to further reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas, and a raw fuel valve V1, a reformed water valve V2, A control unit H realized by a microcomputer or the like controls the operation of the raw fuel pump P to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen gas used as fuel in a fuel cell (not shown). ing

具体的には、制御部Ｈは、原燃料バルブＶ１を開き、設定された流量で原燃料ガスが流れるように原燃料ポンプＰを作動させて、原燃料ガス（例えば、メタンガス）を脱硫器１に流入させる。つまり、制御部Ｈは、改質器３における改質反応の状態を管理する改質反応管理手段として作用する。脱硫器１にて脱硫された原燃料ガスは、水蒸気発生器２において生成された水蒸気と共に改質器３に導入され、改質器３において水蒸気改質が行われる。改質器３には、改質触媒（図示せず）の温度を測定可能な改質触媒用温度センサ７が設けられており、原燃料ガスの改質反応が行われる改質運転可能な温度にその改質触媒を加熱調節するための燃焼部４が設けられている。燃焼器４には、燃焼用燃料と燃焼用空気とが供給され、それらの混合ガスが燃焼器４における燃焼を形成することになる。この燃焼燃料としては、燃料電池から排出された未反応の水素ガスを含む燃料電池排ガスや、原燃料ガスとして用いられているメタンガスなどが使用可能である。   Specifically, the control unit H opens the raw fuel valve V1, operates the raw fuel pump P so that the raw fuel gas flows at a set flow rate, and removes the raw fuel gas (for example, methane gas) from the desulfurizer 1. To flow into. That is, the control unit H functions as a reforming reaction management unit that manages the state of the reforming reaction in the reformer 3. The raw fuel gas desulfurized in the desulfurizer 1 is introduced into the reformer 3 together with the steam generated in the steam generator 2, and steam reforming is performed in the reformer 3. The reformer 3 is provided with a reforming catalyst temperature sensor 7 capable of measuring the temperature of the reforming catalyst (not shown), and the reforming operation temperature at which the reforming reaction of the raw fuel gas is performed. A combustion unit 4 is provided for heating and controlling the reforming catalyst. Combustion fuel and combustion air are supplied to the combustor 4, and a mixed gas thereof forms combustion in the combustor 4. As the combustion fuel, fuel cell exhaust gas containing unreacted hydrogen gas discharged from the fuel cell, methane gas used as raw fuel gas, or the like can be used.

そして、燃焼器４で燃焼された後の高温の排ガスは水蒸気発生器２に供給され、改質水バルブＶ２にて流量が調節されて供給される水を蒸発させるために利用される。本実施形態では改質触媒が一定温度になるように燃焼用燃料及び燃焼用空気の流量が調節されているので燃焼器４での発熱量はほぼ一定であり、その結果、水蒸気発生器２に供給される高温の排ガスの熱量もほぼ一定である。従って、改質水バルブＶ２を経て水蒸気発生器２に給水される改質水の量が一定であれば、水蒸気温度測定手段としての水蒸気用温度センサ８にて測定される水蒸気温度は一定となる。   Then, the high-temperature exhaust gas after being combusted in the combustor 4 is supplied to the steam generator 2 and used to evaporate the supplied water with the flow rate adjusted by the reforming water valve V2. In this embodiment, since the flow rates of the combustion fuel and combustion air are adjusted so that the reforming catalyst has a constant temperature, the amount of heat generated in the combustor 4 is substantially constant. The amount of heat of the hot exhaust gas supplied is also almost constant. Therefore, if the amount of reformed water supplied to the steam generator 2 through the reforming water valve V2 is constant, the steam temperature measured by the steam temperature sensor 8 as the steam temperature measuring means is constant. .

このような水蒸気改質装置において実施される改質反応の状態を管理するためには、改質反応に直接関与する炭素量に対する水蒸気量のモル比である水蒸気比が一定に保たれるように改質反応を管理する制御を行うことが要求される。以下に、図２を参照して水蒸気改質装置で行われる改質反応管理制御のフローチャートについて説明する。   In order to manage the state of the reforming reaction carried out in such a steam reforming apparatus, the steam ratio, which is the molar ratio of the steam amount to the carbon amount directly involved in the reforming reaction, is kept constant. It is required to perform control for managing the reforming reaction. Hereinafter, a flow chart of reforming reaction management control performed in the steam reformer will be described with reference to FIG.

ステップ１００において制御部Ｈは、水蒸気用温度センサ８にて測定される水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より大きいか否かを判定する。上述したように、燃焼器４から水蒸気発生器２に供給される高温の排ガスの単位時間当たりの熱量は一定であるため、水蒸気発生器２への単位時間当たりの給水量が多すぎると水蒸気温度が低くなり、水蒸気発生器２への給水量が少なすぎると水蒸気温度が高くなる。   In step 100, the control unit H determines whether or not the water vapor temperature measured by the water vapor temperature sensor 8 is larger than the set temperature range. As described above, since the amount of heat per unit time of the high-temperature exhaust gas supplied from the combustor 4 to the steam generator 2 is constant, if the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2 per unit time is excessive, the steam temperature The water vapor temperature becomes high when the water supply amount to the water vapor generator 2 is too small.

従って、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも大きいときには、水蒸気発生器２への給水量が少なすぎる、つまり、改質器３へ供給される水蒸気量が少なすぎるために、改質反応に関与する水蒸気量が少なくなって改質反応が正常に実施されない（発生する水素ガス量が少なくなり、燃料電池側では燃料（水素ガス）不足に陥る）と判定することができる。同様に、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも小さいときには、水蒸気発生器２への給水量が多すぎる、つまり、改質器３へ供給される水蒸気量が多すぎるために、改質反応に関与する水蒸気量が多くなって改質反応が正常に実施されないと判定することができる。この設定温度範囲は、燃焼器４から水蒸気発生器２に供給される高温の排ガスの熱量が一定であるときに、水蒸気発生器２へ適正な設定給水量の水を給水したときに生成される水蒸気温度の範囲に基づいて設定することができる。そして、ステップ１００において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より大きかった場合、制御部Ｈは、改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を増大させる（ステップ１０４）。   Therefore, when the water vapor temperature is larger than the set temperature range, the amount of water supplied to the water vapor generator 2 is too small, that is, the amount of water vapor supplied to the reformer 3 is too small. It can be determined that the reforming reaction is not carried out normally due to a decrease in the amount (the amount of generated hydrogen gas decreases and the fuel cell side falls short of fuel (hydrogen gas)). Similarly, when the water vapor temperature is lower than the set temperature range, the amount of water supplied to the water vapor generator 2 is too large, that is, the amount of water vapor supplied to the reformer 3 is too large, so that it participates in the reforming reaction. It can be determined that the amount of water vapor increases and the reforming reaction is not carried out normally. This set temperature range is generated when water of an appropriate set amount of water is supplied to the steam generator 2 when the heat quantity of the high-temperature exhaust gas supplied from the combustor 4 to the steam generator 2 is constant. It can be set based on the range of the water vapor temperature. When the water vapor temperature is larger than the set temperature range in step 100, the control unit H operates the reforming water valve V2 to increase the amount of water supplied to the water vapor generator 2 (step 104).

他方で、ステップ１００において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より大きくなかった場合、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より小さいか否かを判定する（ステップ１０２）。そして、ステップ１０２において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より小さかった場合、制御部Ｈは、改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を減少させる（ステップ１０６）。   On the other hand, when the water vapor temperature is not larger than the set temperature range in Step 100, the control unit H determines whether or not the water vapor temperature is smaller than the set temperature range (Step 102). If the water vapor temperature is lower than the set temperature range in step 102, the controller H operates the reforming water valve V2 to reduce the amount of water supplied to the water vapor generator 2 (step 106).

例えば、設定温度範囲が１００℃から２００℃の間であるとすると、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気温度が１００℃よりも小さいときには、気化されていない１００℃以下の水が存在するほど給水量が多い状態であるため、改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を減少させるような制御を行い、そして、水蒸気温度が２００℃よりも大きいときには、気化された水蒸気が過熱されるほど給水量が少ない状態であるため、改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器Ｖ２への給水量を増大させるような制御を行う。   For example, if the set temperature range is between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C., the control unit H has a larger amount of water supply when there is unvaporized water of 100 ° C. or less when the water vapor temperature is lower than 100 ° C. In this state, the reformed water valve V2 is operated to control the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2, and when the steam temperature is higher than 200 ° C., the vaporized steam is overheated. Since the amount of water supply is so small that the control is performed to increase the amount of water supplied to the steam generator V2 by operating the reforming water valve V2.

次に制御部Ｈは、ステップ１０４において給水量を増大させた後、又は、ステップ１０６において給水量を減少させた後、給水量の増大効果又は減少効果が現れるのを待つために、設定時間経過したか否かのタイムカウントを行う（ステップ１０８）。そして、設定時間経過したときには、この改質反応管理制御の初めにリターンして、再度、水蒸気温度の測定と、改質水バルブＶ２の作動調節が行われる。また、ステップ１０２において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも小さくなかった場合、つまり、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲内であった場合、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気発生器２への給水量が適正範囲内にあり、水蒸気比が適正な状態にあって改質反応が正常に行われていると判定して、この改質反応管理制御の初めにリターンする。   Next, after increasing the water supply amount in step 104 or decreasing the water supply amount in step 106, the control unit H waits for the increase or decrease effect in the water supply amount to appear. A time count is performed to determine whether or not it has been performed (step 108). When the set time has elapsed, the process returns to the beginning of the reforming reaction management control, and the measurement of the steam temperature and the operation adjustment of the reforming water valve V2 are performed again. Further, when the water vapor temperature is not smaller than the set temperature range in step 102, that is, when the water vapor temperature is within the set temperature range, the control unit H sets the water supply amount to the water vapor generator 2 within the appropriate range. Yes, it is determined that the steam ratio is in an appropriate state and the reforming reaction is normally performed, and the process returns to the beginning of the reforming reaction management control.

以上のように、本発明の水蒸気改質装置を用いることで、水蒸気用温度センサ８による温度測定の結果に基づいて改質器３に供給されている水蒸気量が過多であるのか又は過少であるのか、つまり、温度センサという安価且つ確実な方法で改質反応の状態が正常であるのか又は異常であるのかの判定を行うことが出来る。   As described above, by using the steam reforming apparatus of the present invention, the amount of steam supplied to the reformer 3 based on the result of temperature measurement by the steam temperature sensor 8 is excessive or too small. That is, it is possible to determine whether the state of the reforming reaction is normal or abnormal by an inexpensive and reliable method such as a temperature sensor.

＜第２実施形態＞
第２実施形態の水蒸気改質装置は、改質反応が異常であるときに報知手段９を作動させるように構成されている点で第１実施形態と異なる。以下に図１及び図３を参照して第２実施形態の水蒸気改質装置について説明するが、第１実施形態と同様の説明は省略する。 Second Embodiment
The steam reforming apparatus of the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it is configured to operate the notification means 9 when the reforming reaction is abnormal. Hereinafter, the steam reformer of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, but the same description as in the first embodiment will be omitted.

図３には水蒸気改質装置で行われる改質反応管理制御のフローチャートを示す。
ステップ２００において制御部Ｈは、水蒸気用温度センサ８にて測定される水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より大きいか否かを判定する。上述したように、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも大きいときには、水蒸気発生器２への給水量が少なすぎる、つまり、改質器３へ供給される水蒸気量が少なすぎると判定することができ、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも小さいときには、水蒸気発生器２への給水量が多すぎる、つまり、改質器３へ供給される水蒸気量が多すぎると判定することができる。そして、ステップ２００において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より大きかった場合、制御部Ｈは、報知手段９を作動させて改質反応が適正に行われていないという異常を報知する（ステップ２０４）。 FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the reforming reaction management control performed in the steam reformer.
In step 200, the control unit H determines whether or not the water vapor temperature measured by the water vapor temperature sensor 8 is larger than the set temperature range. As described above, when the steam temperature is larger than the set temperature range, it can be determined that the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2 is too small, that is, the amount of steam supplied to the reformer 3 is too small. When the steam temperature is lower than the set temperature range, it can be determined that the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2 is too large, that is, the amount of steam supplied to the reformer 3 is too large. If the water vapor temperature is larger than the set temperature range in step 200, the control unit H operates the notification means 9 to notify the abnormality that the reforming reaction is not properly performed (step 204).

他方で、ステップ２００において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より大きくなかった場合、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より小さいか否かを判定する（ステップ２０２）。そして、ステップ２０２において水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲より小さかった場合、制御部Ｈは、報知手段９を作動させて改質反応が適正に行われていないという異常を報知する（ステップ２０４）。   On the other hand, when the water vapor temperature is not larger than the set temperature range in Step 200, the control unit H determines whether or not the water vapor temperature is smaller than the set temperature range (Step 202). If the water vapor temperature is lower than the set temperature range in step 202, the control unit H operates the notification means 9 to notify the abnormality that the reforming reaction is not properly performed (step 204).

報知手段９は、水蒸気改質装置又は水蒸気改質装置が設けられている燃料電池システムに備えられているブザーや光学式の表示装置など、異常が発生していることを報知可能な装置である。例えば、報知手段９がブザーを用いて構成されているとき、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも大きく且つ小さい場合にはブザーを鳴動させるように構成することができる。また、報知手段９が光学式の表示装置を用いて構成されているとき、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲よりも大きく且つ小さい場合には光学式の表示装置としてのランプを点滅作動させるように構成することができる。   The notification means 9 is a device capable of notifying that an abnormality has occurred, such as a buzzer or an optical display device provided in a steam reformer or a fuel cell system provided with the steam reformer. . For example, when the notification means 9 is configured using a buzzer, the control unit H can be configured to sound the buzzer when the water vapor temperature is larger and smaller than the set temperature range. Further, when the notification means 9 is configured using an optical display device, the control unit H operates to blink a lamp as an optical display device when the water vapor temperature is larger and smaller than the set temperature range. It can be configured to be.

上述のような報知手段９を設けることで、改質反応が適正に行われていないことが燃料電池システムの使用者や保守管理者に対して報知され、水蒸気改質装置のメンテナンスの必要性を認識させることができる。   By providing the notification means 9 as described above, it is notified to the user and maintenance manager of the fuel cell system that the reforming reaction is not properly performed, and the necessity of maintenance of the steam reformer is confirmed. Can be recognized.

＜別実施形態＞
＜１＞
上記実施形態では水蒸気用温度センサ８によって測定される水蒸気の設定温度範囲を１００℃から２００℃とした場合について説明したが、設定温度範囲の値は適宜設定することができる。 <Another embodiment>
<1>
In the above embodiment, the case where the set temperature range of water vapor measured by the water temperature sensor 8 is set to 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. has been described, but the value of the set temperature range can be set as appropriate.

＜２＞
上記第２実施形態において説明した報知手段９による報知作動を、上記第１実施形態において実施させることもできる。例えば、水蒸気用温度センサ８によって測定された水蒸気温度が設定温度範囲から逸脱していたとき、制御部Ｈが、上記第１実施形態において説明したように改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を調節すると共に、上記第２実施形態において説明したように報知手段９を作動させるように構成することもできる。その結果、改質器３で行われる改質反応での水蒸気比を適正な状態に維持できると共に、水蒸気比を異常なものとさせていた機器の故障などが燃料電池システムの使用者や保守管理者に報知されて、水蒸気改質装置のメンテナンスの必要性を認識させることができる。 <2>
The notification operation by the notification means 9 described in the second embodiment can also be performed in the first embodiment. For example, when the steam temperature measured by the steam temperature sensor 8 deviates from the set temperature range, the control unit H operates the reforming water valve V2 as described in the first embodiment to generate steam. In addition to adjusting the amount of water supplied to the vessel 2, the notification means 9 can be operated as described in the second embodiment. As a result, the water vapor ratio in the reforming reaction performed in the reformer 3 can be maintained in an appropriate state, and the failure of the equipment that has caused the water vapor ratio to be abnormal may be caused by the user or maintenance management of the fuel cell system. The user can be notified and can recognize the necessity of maintenance of the steam reformer.

また、制御部Ｈが改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を調節するときの設定温度範囲（以下、「給水量調節用設定温度範囲」と記す）と、制御部Ｈが報知手段９を作動させるときの設定温度範囲（以下、「報知手段作動用設定温度範囲」と記す）とを異ならせることもできる。例えば、給水量調節用設定温度範囲を１２０℃から１８０℃と設定し、報知手段作動用設定温度範囲を１００℃から２００℃と設定した場合、制御部Ｈは、水蒸気用温度センサ８によって測定される水蒸気温度が１００℃から１２０℃の間、及び、１８０℃から２００℃の間は改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を調節する制御のみを行い、そして、水蒸気温度が１００℃より小さく、及び、２００℃より大きくなると、改質水バルブＶ２を作動させて水蒸気発生器２への給水量を調節する制御と報知手段９の作動制御とを行うようになる。   Further, a set temperature range when the control unit H operates the reforming water valve V2 to adjust the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2 (hereinafter referred to as “set temperature range for water supply amount adjustment”), and the control unit The set temperature range when H operates the notifying means 9 (hereinafter referred to as “notifying means operating set temperature range”) may be different. For example, when the set temperature range for adjusting the water supply amount is set to 120 ° C. to 180 ° C. and the set temperature range for operating the notification means is set to 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., the control unit H is measured by the steam temperature sensor 8. When the steam temperature is between 100 ° C. and 120 ° C. and between 180 ° C. and 200 ° C., only the control for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2 by operating the reforming water valve V 2 is performed. When the temperature is lower than 100 ° C. and higher than 200 ° C., the control for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2 by operating the reforming water valve V2 and the operation control of the notification means 9 are performed.

＜３＞
上記実施形態では水蒸気発生器２への給水量を調節する手段として改質水バルブＶ２を例に挙げて説明したが、給水量を調節可能なポンプなどの装置で置き換えることも可能である。 <3>
In the above embodiment, the reformed water valve V2 has been described as an example of means for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the steam generator 2, but it may be replaced with a device such as a pump capable of adjusting the amount of water supplied.

水蒸気改質装置の構成図Configuration diagram of steam reformer 改質反応管理制御のフローチャートFlow chart of reforming reaction management control 改質反応管理制御のフローチャートFlow chart of reforming reaction management control

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２ 水蒸気発生器
３ 改質器
８ 水蒸気用温度センサ（水蒸気温度測定手段）
Ｈ 制御部（改質反応管理手段） 2 Steam generator 3 Reformer 8 Steam temperature sensor (steam temperature measuring means)
H Control unit (reforming reaction management means)

Claims (4)

水蒸気発生器によって生成された水蒸気の供給を受けて原燃料の改質処理を行う改質器と、前記改質器における改質反応の状態を管理する改質反応管理手段とが設けられている水蒸気改質装置であって、
前記水蒸気発生器から前記改質器に供給される水蒸気の温度を測定する水蒸気温度測定手段が設けられ、
前記改質反応管理手段が、前記水蒸気温度測定手段での測定に基づく前記水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にあるか否かを監視し、前記水蒸気の温度が設定温度範囲内にないときには前記改質反応が異常であると判定するように構成されている水蒸気改質装置。 A reformer that receives the supply of water vapor generated by the steam generator and reforms the raw fuel, and reforming reaction management means that manages the state of the reforming reaction in the reformer are provided. A steam reformer,
A steam temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of steam supplied from the steam generator to the reformer is provided;
The reforming reaction management means monitors whether or not the temperature of the steam based on the measurement by the steam temperature measuring means is within a set temperature range. When the temperature of the steam is not within the set temperature range, the reforming reaction management means A steam reformer configured to determine that the quality reaction is abnormal. 前記改質反応管理手段が、前記水蒸気の温度が前記設定温度範囲よりも大きいときには前記水蒸気発生器への給水量を増大させて前記水蒸気発生器から前記改質器に供給される水蒸気量を増大させ、前記水蒸気の温度が前記設定温度範囲よりも小さいときには前記給水量を減少させて前記水蒸気発生器から前記改質器に供給される水蒸気量を減少させるように構成されている請求項１記載の水蒸気改質装置。   The reforming reaction management means increases the amount of water supplied to the reformer from the steam generator by increasing the amount of water supplied to the steam generator when the temperature of the steam is greater than the set temperature range. The water supply amount is decreased when the temperature of the steam is lower than the set temperature range, and the amount of steam supplied from the steam generator to the reformer is decreased. Steam reformer. 前記改質反応管理手段が、前記水蒸気発生器への給水量を増大させた後、又は、前記給水量を減少させた後の設定時間経過後、前記水蒸気温度測定手段での測定に基づく前記水蒸気の温度が前記設定温度範囲内にあるか否かの監視と、前記改質反応が異常であるか否かの判定とを行うように構成されている請求項２記載の水蒸気改質装置。   The steam based on the measurement by the steam temperature measuring means after the reforming reaction management means increases the amount of water supplied to the steam generator or after a set time elapses after the amount of water supplied is decreased. The steam reforming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the steam reforming apparatus is configured to monitor whether or not the temperature is within the set temperature range and determine whether or not the reforming reaction is abnormal. 前記改質反応が異常であることを報知する報知手段が設けられている請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の水蒸気改質装置。   The steam reformer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a notification unit that notifies that the reforming reaction is abnormal.
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JP2006273619A (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-10-12 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Reformer
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JP2008243771A (en) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-09 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Fuel cell power generating device, and control program, as well as control method
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