JP2008243594A - Fuel cell device - Google Patents

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JP2008243594A
JP2008243594A JP2007082469A JP2007082469A JP2008243594A JP 2008243594 A JP2008243594 A JP 2008243594A JP 2007082469 A JP2007082469 A JP 2007082469A JP 2007082469 A JP2007082469 A JP 2007082469A JP 2008243594 A JP2008243594 A JP 2008243594A
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reformer
water
fuel cell
water supply
oxygen
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JP5121269B2 (en
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Eiji Taniguchi
英二 谷口
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Kyocera Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell device capable of surely confirming water supply to a reformer. <P>SOLUTION: The fuel cell device includes: a fuel cell 1; the reformer 4 for generating a fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 1; a raw fuel supply means 2 for supplying a raw fuel to the reformer 4; and a water supply pipe 5a connected to the reformer 4 for supplying water into the reformer 4. Since a temperature sensor 21 is arranged in the reformer 4 to face an opening of the water supply pipe 5a at a predetermined distance, the water supply to the reformer 4 can be surely confirmed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、燃料電池と、該燃料電池の発電に必要な燃料ガスを生成するための改質器と、該改質器に原燃料を供給するための原燃料供給手段と、改質器内部に水を供給するための水供給管とを具備する燃料電池装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell, a reformer for generating fuel gas necessary for power generation of the fuel cell, a raw fuel supply means for supplying raw fuel to the reformer, The present invention relates to a fuel cell device including a water supply pipe for supplying water.

近年、次世代エネルギーとして、燃料電池セルを複数配列してなる燃料電池と、該燃料電池を作動するための補器類とを外装ケースに収納してなる燃料電池装置が種々提案されている。   In recent years, various next-generation energy fuel cell devices in which a fuel cell in which a plurality of fuel cells are arranged and auxiliary devices for operating the fuel cell are housed in an outer case have been proposed.

この燃料電池において発電に用いる燃料ガスとしては水素ガスが用いられ、水素ガスと酸素含有ガス（通常、空気である）とを燃料電池に供給し、酸素含有ガスを燃料電池セル中の酸素極に接触させ、かつ水素を燃料電池セル中の燃料極と接触させ、所定の電極反応を生じせしめることにより、燃料電池セルの発電が行われる。   Hydrogen gas is used as a fuel gas for power generation in this fuel cell. Hydrogen gas and an oxygen-containing gas (usually air) are supplied to the fuel cell, and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the oxygen electrode in the fuel cell. The fuel cell is generated by bringing it into contact with each other and bringing hydrogen into contact with the fuel electrode in the fuel cell to cause a predetermined electrode reaction.

水素ガスの生成方法としては、水蒸気改質法、部分酸化改質法およびこれらの両方を併用して改質反応を行なう併用改質法（オートサーマル）が知られている。   As a method for producing hydrogen gas, a steam reforming method, a partial oxidation reforming method, and a combined reforming method (autothermal) in which a reforming reaction is performed using both of them are known.

水蒸気改質法は、原燃料である炭化水素を水蒸気と反応させて水素を得ることができる吸熱反応であり、ＣＨ４＋Ｈ２Ｏ→３Ｈ２＋ＣＯで表すことができ、水素を得る効率のよい反応として知られている。なお、水蒸気改質を行なうにあたっては、水供給手段にて処理された水（純水）と原燃料（炭化水素）が改質器に供給されて水蒸気改質が行なわれる。 The steam reforming method is an endothermic reaction in which hydrocarbon, which is a raw fuel, can be reacted with steam to obtain hydrogen, which can be expressed as CH 4 + H 2 O → 3H 2 + CO, and is efficient in obtaining hydrogen. Known as reaction. In performing steam reforming, water (pure water) and raw fuel (hydrocarbon) treated by the water supply means are supplied to the reformer and steam reforming is performed.

一方、部分酸化改質法は、原燃料である炭化水素を酸素と反応させて水素を得ることができる発熱反応であり、ＣＨ４＋Ｏ２→２Ｈ２＋ＣＯ２で表すことができ、原燃料（炭化水素）と酸素が改質器に供給されて部分酸化改質が行なわれる。この部分酸化改質法は、水蒸気改質法よりも水素を得る効率は劣るものの、発熱反応であることが大きな特徴である。 On the other hand, the partial oxidation reforming method is an exothermic reaction in which hydrocarbon, which is a raw fuel, can be reacted with oxygen to obtain hydrogen, and can be expressed as CH 4 + O 2 → 2H 2 + CO 2. Hydrocarbon) and oxygen are supplied to the reformer to perform partial oxidation reforming. Although this partial oxidation reforming method is inferior in the efficiency of obtaining hydrogen than the steam reforming method, it is a major feature that it is an exothermic reaction.

そして、燃料電池の運転において、部分酸化改質法と水蒸気改質法を組み合わせる方法として、例えば燃料電池の起動時に部分酸化改質法を用い、燃料電池もしくは改質器が所定の温度を超えた場合に、より効率良く水素を生成できる水蒸気改質法に切り替える方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   In the operation of the fuel cell, as a method of combining the partial oxidation reforming method and the steam reforming method, for example, the partial oxidation reforming method is used when starting the fuel cell, and the fuel cell or the reformer exceeds a predetermined temperature. In some cases, a method of switching to a steam reforming method that can generate hydrogen more efficiently is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

一方、燃料電池装置として、改質器を具備する燃料電池と、前記改質器に対して複数種のガスまたは水を供給するガス・水供給システムと、前記燃料電池の排熱回収により凝縮した水を蓄える水タンクとを有し、前記ガス・水供給システムは、前記改質器に被改質ガスを供給する被改質ガス供給手段と、前記改質器に酸素含有ガスを供給する酸素含有ガス供給手段と、前記水タンクからの水をそのまままたは水蒸気として前記改質器に供給する水供給手段とを具備し、前記改質器にて前記被改質ガスと前記酸素含有ガス及び／または前記水とによる改質反応を行わせるべく、前記水タンクの貯水量を検知する貯水量センサの信号に基づいて前記酸素含有ガス供給手段と前記水供給手段とを切り替えるかまたは両供給手段を併用させるかを制御する制御手段とを具備する燃料電池装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。   On the other hand, as a fuel cell device, a fuel cell provided with a reformer, a gas / water supply system for supplying a plurality of types of gas or water to the reformer, and condensed by exhaust heat recovery of the fuel cell A water tank for storing water, wherein the gas / water supply system includes a reformed gas supply means for supplying a reformed gas to the reformer, and an oxygen for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the reformer And a water supply means for supplying water from the water tank as it is or as steam to the reformer, wherein the reformed gas and the oxygen-containing gas and / or Alternatively, in order to perform the reforming reaction with the water, the oxygen-containing gas supply means and the water supply means are switched or both supply means are switched based on a signal of a storage amount sensor that detects the storage amount of the water tank. Control whether to use together Fuel cell system and a control unit is known that (for example, see Patent Document 2).

この特許文献２に記載された燃料電池装置では、水タンクの貯水量が十分なときは水供給手段から改質器へ水を供給することにより水蒸気改質を行わせることができ、水タンクの貯水量が不足状態となったときは水供給手段を停止して酸素含有ガス供給手段に切り替えることにより部分酸化改質を行わせることができる。
特開２００５−３１７４０５号公報 国際公開第２００６／１３７３９０号パンフレット In the fuel cell device described in Patent Document 2, when the amount of water stored in the water tank is sufficient, steam reforming can be performed by supplying water from the water supply means to the reformer. When the amount of stored water becomes insufficient, partial oxidation reforming can be performed by stopping the water supply means and switching to the oxygen-containing gas supply means.
JP 2005-317405 A International Publication No. 2006/137390 Pamphlet

しかしながら、仮に、水タンクの貯水量が十分なときであっても、水供給手段により改質器に水を供給していない場合には、水蒸気改質を行うことができなという問題があった。このような改質器への水供給不良を防止するため、水を供給するための水供給管に水流れセンサを設けること等が考えられるが、水流れセンサよりも下流側の水供給管に断裂等が生じ、この断裂等から水が漏出する虞がある。また、長期間の発電により、水供給管先端部の内面にカルシウムやシリカ等が析出し、水供給管の内径が狭まり、水を設計通りに供給できなくなる虞があった。このような場合には、水供給管に水流れセンサを設けたとしても、改質器に水が供給されているか否かの確認が困難であった。   However, even if the amount of water stored in the water tank is sufficient, there is a problem that steam reforming cannot be performed if water is not supplied to the reformer by the water supply means. . In order to prevent such a water supply failure to the reformer, it may be possible to provide a water flow sensor in the water supply pipe for supplying water, but the water supply pipe on the downstream side of the water flow sensor may be provided. There is a possibility that tearing or the like occurs and water leaks from the tearing or the like. Further, due to long-term power generation, calcium, silica, or the like is deposited on the inner surface of the tip of the water supply pipe, the inner diameter of the water supply pipe is narrowed, and water may not be supplied as designed. In such a case, even if a water flow sensor is provided in the water supply pipe, it is difficult to confirm whether water is supplied to the reformer.

本発明は、改質器への水供給を確実に確認できる燃料電池装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of this invention is to provide the fuel cell apparatus which can confirm the water supply to a reformer reliably.

本発明の燃料電池装置は、燃料電池と、該燃料電池に供給される燃料ガスを生成するための改質器と、該改質器に原燃料を供給するための原燃料供給手段と、前記改質器に接続され前記改質器内部に水を供給するための水供給管とを具備する燃料電池装置であって、前記改質器内部に、前記水供給管の開口部と所定間隔をおいて対向するように温度センサを設けてなることを特徴とする。   The fuel cell device of the present invention includes a fuel cell, a reformer for generating fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell, raw fuel supply means for supplying raw fuel to the reformer, A fuel cell device comprising a water supply pipe connected to a reformer for supplying water to the interior of the reformer, the interior of the reformer having a predetermined distance from an opening of the water supply pipe And a temperature sensor is provided so as to face each other.

このような燃料電池装置では、改質器内部に、水供給管の開口部と所定間隔をおいて対向するように温度センサを設けたため、言い換えれば、温度センサが、改質器内部に、水供給管の先端開口部から水又は水蒸気が噴出される方向に設けられているため、水供給管から改質器内部に水が供給されると、この水（水蒸気である場合もある）が温度センサに接触し、温度センサの温度が、改質器内部の温度よりも低い状態となる。従って、温度センサの温度が、定常状態の改質器内部の温度より低い場合には、水供給管から改質器内部に実際に水が供給されていると直接的に判断することができる。   In such a fuel cell device, since the temperature sensor is provided inside the reformer so as to face the opening of the water supply pipe at a predetermined interval, in other words, the temperature sensor is disposed inside the reformer. Since water or water vapor is ejected from the opening at the tip of the supply pipe, when water is supplied into the reformer from the water supply pipe, this water (which may be water vapor) is temperature. Contacting the sensor, the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes lower than the temperature inside the reformer. Therefore, when the temperature of the temperature sensor is lower than the temperature inside the reformer in the steady state, it can be directly determined that water is actually supplied from the water supply pipe into the reformer.

また、本発明の燃料電池装置は、前記温度センサの温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に警報を発する警報装置を具備することを特徴とする。   The fuel cell device according to the present invention further includes an alarm device that issues an alarm when the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes higher than a predetermined temperature.

このような燃料電池装置では、上記したように、水供給管から改質器内部に水が供給されると、この水が温度センサに接触し、温度センサの温度が、改質器内部の温度よりも低い状態となるため、所定温度よりも高くなった場合には、水供給管から改質器内部に水が供給されていないと判断することができ、制御部は、警報装置を制御し警報を発するため、水供給系に異常があることを容易に把握でき、その後の処理、例えば後述するように、燃料電池の発電を停止することなく、部分酸化改質を行いながら、水供給系のメンテナンス、交換等を行うことができ、また、燃料電池の発電を停止して、水供給系のメンテナンス、交換等を行うこともできる。   In such a fuel cell device, as described above, when water is supplied from the water supply pipe to the interior of the reformer, the water contacts the temperature sensor, and the temperature of the temperature sensor is equal to the temperature inside the reformer. Therefore, when the temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, it can be determined that water is not supplied from the water supply pipe into the reformer, and the control unit controls the alarm device. Since the alarm is issued, it can be easily grasped that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, and the water supply system performs the subsequent processing, for example, as described later, while performing partial oxidation reforming without stopping the power generation of the fuel cell. Maintenance, replacement, etc. can be performed, and the power generation of the fuel cell can be stopped to perform maintenance, replacement, etc. of the water supply system.

さらに、本発明の燃料電池装置は、前記改質器に酸素含有ガスを供給するための酸素含有ガス供給手段と、定常運転時は、前記改質器にて、前記原燃料供給手段により供給される原燃料と前記水供給管により供給される水とで水蒸気改質を行なわせるように制御する制御部とを具備し、該制御部は、前記温度センサの温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合には、前記水供給手段による水の供給を停止し、前記改質器にて、前記原燃料供給手段により供給される原燃料と前記酸素含有ガス供給手段により供給される酸素含有ガスとで部分酸化改質を行なわせるように制御することを特徴とする。   Furthermore, the fuel cell device of the present invention is supplied with the oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the reformer and the raw fuel supply means in the reformer during steady operation. A control unit that controls steam reforming with raw fuel and water supplied from the water supply pipe, and the control unit has a temperature of the temperature sensor higher than a predetermined temperature. In this case, the supply of water by the water supply means is stopped, and the raw fuel supplied by the raw fuel supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supplied by the oxygen-containing gas supply means are Control is performed so that partial oxidation reforming is performed.

このような燃料電池装置は、温度センサの温度が、所定温度よりも高くなった場合には、水供給管から改質器内部に水が供給されていない、もしくは水の供給量が不十分と判断することができ、この場合には、制御部は、水供給手段による水の供給を停止し、改質器にて、原燃料供給手段により供給される原燃料と酸素含有ガス供給手段により供給される酸素含有ガスとで部分酸化改質を行なわせるように制御するため、燃料電池の発電を停止させることなく、継続して発電することができる。   In such a fuel cell apparatus, when the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes higher than a predetermined temperature, water is not supplied from the water supply pipe into the reformer, or the amount of water supply is insufficient. In this case, the control unit stops the water supply by the water supply means, and supplies the raw fuel and oxygen-containing gas supply means supplied by the raw fuel supply means in the reformer. Since control is performed so that partial oxidation reforming is performed with the oxygen-containing gas to be generated, power generation can be continued without stopping the power generation of the fuel cell.

また、改質器にて原燃料と酸素含有ガスとで部分酸化改質を行なうため、この間に、水供給系のメンテナンスを実施することができ、燃料電池の発電を停止することなく、水供給系をメンテナンスすることができる。さらに、水供給手段と酸素含有ガス供給手段とを切り替えて改質器に供給するための切り替え手段を具備することにより、切り替え手段を切り替えるだけで水供給手段と酸素含有ガス供給手段を切り替えることができることから、メンテナンスの実施者が、水供給系の交換等のメンテナンスを行った後、切り替え手段を切り替え、水供給手段と酸素含有ガス供給手段を切り替えて水蒸気改質を行なうことができる。それゆえ、燃料電池の発電を停止することなく、水供給系をメンテナンスすることができる。   In addition, since partial reforming reforming is performed with raw fuel and oxygen-containing gas in the reformer, water supply system maintenance can be performed during this period, and water supply can be performed without stopping fuel cell power generation. The system can be maintained. Furthermore, by providing a switching means for switching the water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means to supply to the reformer, the water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means can be switched only by switching the switching means. Therefore, after the maintenance person performs maintenance such as replacement of the water supply system, the switching means is switched, and the water reforming can be performed by switching the water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means. Therefore, the water supply system can be maintained without stopping the power generation of the fuel cell.

本発明の燃料電池装置は、改質器内部に、水供給管の開口部と所定間隔をおいて対向するように温度センサを設けたため、水供給管から改質器内部に水が供給されると、この水（水蒸気である場合もある）が温度センサに接触し、温度センサの温度が、改質器内部の温度よりも低い状態となる。従って、温度センサの温度が、定常状態の改質器内部の温度より低い場合には、水供給管から改質器内部に実際に水が供給されていると直接的に判断することができる。   In the fuel cell device of the present invention, the temperature sensor is provided inside the reformer so as to face the opening of the water supply pipe with a predetermined interval, so that water is supplied from the water supply pipe into the reformer. Then, this water (which may be water vapor) comes into contact with the temperature sensor, and the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes lower than the temperature inside the reformer. Therefore, when the temperature of the temperature sensor is lower than the temperature inside the reformer in the steady state, it can be directly determined that water is actually supplied from the water supply pipe into the reformer.

図１は、本発明の燃料電池装置の一例を示した構成図である。本発明の燃料電池装置は、発電を行なう発電ユニット、熱交換後の湯水を貯湯する貯湯ユニット、これらのユニット間を水が循環するための循環配管から構成されている。   FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a fuel cell device of the present invention. The fuel cell device of the present invention includes a power generation unit that generates power, a hot water storage unit that stores hot water after heat exchange, and a circulation pipe that circulates water between these units.

図１に示す燃料電池装置は、燃料電池１、天然ガス等の原燃料を供給する例えばポンプからなる原燃料供給手段２、酸素含有ガス（主には空気）を燃料電池１に供給するための例えばブロワからなる酸素含有ガス供給手段３、燃料ガスと水蒸気により水蒸気改質する改質器４を具備している。なお、後述するが、酸素含有ガス供給手段３から供給される酸素含有ガスは、燃料電池１と改質器４の両方に供給される場合があるため、それらの分岐部に、酸素含有ガス流れ方向調整弁１９が設けられている。   The fuel cell device shown in FIG. 1 is a fuel cell 1, a raw fuel supply means 2 comprising, for example, a pump that supplies raw fuel such as natural gas, and an oxygen-containing gas (mainly air) for supplying the fuel cell 1 For example, an oxygen-containing gas supply means 3 made of a blower and a reformer 4 for steam reforming with fuel gas and steam are provided. As will be described later, since the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas supply means 3 may be supplied to both the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 4, the oxygen-containing gas flow at those branches. A direction adjusting valve 19 is provided.

ここで、改質器４に純水を供給する水供給系Ｘは、水供給管５、水供給管５に設けられ水給水管５より供給される水を調整する給水弁６、活性炭フィルタ７、逆浸透膜装置８（以下、ＲＯ膜とする）、イオン交換樹脂装置９、水タンク１０、水ポンプ１１により構成されている。水処理手段は、活性炭フィルタ７、逆浸透膜８（以下、ＲＯ膜とする）、イオン交換樹脂９から構成され、水供給手段は水ポンプ１１から構成されている。   Here, the water supply system X that supplies pure water to the reformer 4 includes a water supply pipe 5, a water supply valve 6 that is provided in the water supply pipe 5 and adjusts water supplied from the water supply water pipe 5, and an activated carbon filter 7. , A reverse osmosis membrane device 8 (hereinafter referred to as RO membrane), an ion exchange resin device 9, a water tank 10, and a water pump 11. The water treatment means includes an activated carbon filter 7, a reverse osmosis membrane 8 (hereinafter referred to as RO membrane), and an ion exchange resin 9, and the water supply means includes a water pump 11.

そして、燃料電池１、原燃料供給手段２、酸素含有ガス供給手段３、改質器４および水供給系Ｘにて、主たる発電部が構成される。   The fuel cell 1, the raw fuel supply means 2, the oxygen-containing gas supply means 3, the reformer 4, and the water supply system X constitute a main power generation unit.

さらに、上記した主たる発電部に加え、燃料電池１にて発電された直流電力を交流電力に切り替え外部負荷に供給するためのパワーコンディショナ１２、燃料電池１の発電により生じた排ガス（排熱）と水とで熱交換する熱交換器１３、熱交換器１３の出口に設けられ熱交換器１３の出口を流れる水（循環水流）の水温を測定するための出口水温センサ１５、水を循環させるための循環ポンプ１６、循環ポンプ１６の運転を制御する制御部１４、により発電ユニットが構成されている。   Further, in addition to the main power generation unit described above, a power conditioner 12 for switching the DC power generated by the fuel cell 1 to AC power and supplying it to an external load, exhaust gas (exhaust heat) generated by the power generation of the fuel cell 1 Heat exchanger 13 for exchanging heat with water, outlet water temperature sensor 15 for measuring the temperature of water (circulated water flow) provided at the outlet of heat exchanger 13 and flowing through the outlet of heat exchanger 13, and circulating water The power generation unit is configured by the circulation pump 16 for controlling the operation and the control unit 14 for controlling the operation of the circulation pump 16.

また貯湯ユニットは、熱交換後の湯水を貯湯するための貯湯タンク１８を具備して構成されている。   The hot water storage unit includes a hot water storage tank 18 for storing hot water after heat exchange.

さらに、熱交換器１３と貯湯タンク１８との間で水を循環させるための循環配管１７が設けられており、発電ユニット、貯湯ユニット、循環配管１７をあわせて燃料電池装置が構成される。   Furthermore, a circulation pipe 17 for circulating water between the heat exchanger 13 and the hot water storage tank 18 is provided, and the fuel cell device is configured by combining the power generation unit, the hot water storage unit, and the circulation pipe 17.

なお、図中の矢印は、原燃料（または燃料ガス）、酸素含有ガス、水の流れ方向を示したものであり、また破線は制御部１４に伝送される主な信号経路、または制御部１４より伝送される主な信号経路を示している。また、同一の構成については同一の番号を付するものとし、以下同様である。さらに、図示していないが、原燃料供給手段２と改質器４の間に、原燃料を加湿するための原燃料加湿器を設けることも可能である。   In addition, the arrow in a figure shows the flow direction of raw fuel (or fuel gas), oxygen-containing gas, and water, and a broken line shows the main signal path | route transmitted to the control part 14, or the control part 14 The main signal path | route transmitted more is shown. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and so on. Further, although not shown, a raw fuel humidifier for humidifying the raw fuel may be provided between the raw fuel supply means 2 and the reformer 4.

また、燃料電池１としては、各種燃料電池を用いることができるが、燃料電池および燃料電池セルを小型化する上で、固体電解質形燃料電池を用いることが好ましい。   Various fuel cells can be used as the fuel cell 1, but a solid oxide fuel cell is preferably used in order to reduce the size of the fuel cell and the fuel cell.

そして、本発明では、図２に示すように、改質器４内部に水を供給するための水供給管５ａを具備しており、改質器４内部には、水供給管５ａの開口部と所定間隔をおいて対向するように温度センサ２１が設けられている。   And in this invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the water supply pipe | tube 5a for supplying water inside the reformer 4 is comprised, and the opening part of the water supply pipe | tube 5a is provided in the reformer 4 inside. And a temperature sensor 21 are provided so as to face each other at a predetermined interval.

即ち、水供給管５ａの先端部が改質器４内部に挿入されており、温度センサ２１が、改質器４内部に、水供給管５ａの先端開口部から水又は水蒸気が噴出される方向に設けられている。言い換えれば、水供給管５ａの先端開口部と、所定間隔をおいて対向して温度センサ２１が設けられており、温度センサ２１は水又は水蒸気に晒されるようになっている。温度センサとしては、熱電対を用いることができる。   That is, the tip of the water supply pipe 5a is inserted into the reformer 4, and the temperature sensor 21 is in the direction in which water or water vapor is ejected into the reformer 4 from the tip opening of the water supply pipe 5a. Is provided. In other words, the temperature sensor 21 is provided so as to face the front end opening of the water supply pipe 5a at a predetermined interval, and the temperature sensor 21 is exposed to water or water vapor. A thermocouple can be used as the temperature sensor.

改質器４は、図２に示すように、触媒収納ケース４１内に、水気化部４３、都市ガスでよい原燃料を水素リッチな燃料ガスに改質するのに適した触媒が充填された改質触媒部４５、改質ガス予熱部４７が形成されている、水気化部４３には、水供給管５ａの先端部が挿入され、その開口部は温度センサ２１に向けて開口している。   In the reformer 4, as shown in FIG. 2, a catalyst storage case 41 is filled with a catalyst suitable for reforming the raw material fuel, which may be a city gas, into a hydrogen-rich fuel gas. The water vaporization unit 43 in which the reforming catalyst unit 45 and the reformed gas preheating unit 47 are formed is inserted with the tip of the water supply pipe 5a, and the opening thereof opens toward the temperature sensor 21. .

この温度センサ２１からの温度信号は、制御部１４に送られ、この制御部１４にて所定温度よりも低いか否かを判定するようになっている。所定温度とは、例えば、改質器４が定常状態で改質している場合の改質器内の温度より低い温度とされている。そして、図示しないが、本発明の燃料電池装置は警報装置を具備しており、この警報装置は、温度センサ２１からの信号から、温度センサ２１の温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に、警報を発するように制御部１４により制御されるようになっている。警報としては、ブザーの鳴動、ランプの点灯がある。   The temperature signal from the temperature sensor 21 is sent to the control unit 14, and the control unit 14 determines whether the temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature. The predetermined temperature is, for example, a temperature lower than the temperature in the reformer when the reformer 4 is reforming in a steady state. Although not shown, the fuel cell device of the present invention includes an alarm device. This alarm device is based on a signal from the temperature sensor 21 when the temperature of the temperature sensor 21 is higher than a predetermined temperature. It is controlled by the control unit 14 to issue an alarm. Alarms include buzzer sounds and lamps.

さらに、制御部１４は、温度センサ２１からの信号から、温度センサ２１の温度が所定温度よりも高くなったと判定した場合には、水ポンプ１１の駆動を停止し、水供給管５ａからの水の供給を停止し、原燃料供給手段２及び酸素含有ガス供給手段３により原燃料と酸素含有ガスを改質器４に供給するように制御し、改質器４にて部分酸化改質を行なわせるように制御する。   Further, when it is determined from the signal from the temperature sensor 21 that the temperature of the temperature sensor 21 has become higher than the predetermined temperature, the control unit 14 stops driving the water pump 11 and supplies water from the water supply pipe 5a. , The raw fuel supply means 2 and the oxygen-containing gas supply means 3 are controlled to supply the raw fuel and the oxygen-containing gas to the reformer 4, and the reformer 4 performs partial oxidation reforming. To control.

そして、本発明においては、後述するように、燃料電池（装置）の発電を停止する必要がないことから、起動停止に時間を要する固体酸化物形の燃料電池を用いる場合に特に有効となる。   In the present invention, as will be described later, since it is not necessary to stop the power generation of the fuel cell (device), it is particularly effective when using a solid oxide fuel cell that takes time to start and stop.

ここで、図１に示した燃料電池装置を用いて、まず水蒸気改質により得られる燃料ガス（改質ガス）を用いて発電を行なう場合の燃料電池装置の運転方法について説明する。   Here, an operation method of the fuel cell apparatus when generating power using the fuel gas (reformed gas) obtained by steam reforming using the fuel cell apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

燃料電池１の発電に用いられる燃料ガス（改質ガス）を得るために水蒸気改質を行なうにあたり改質器４で使用される水（純水）は、水供給系Ｘを構成する給水弁６が開放され、水供給管５を通して活性炭フィルタ７に給水される。活性炭フィルタ７を流通した水は、続いてＲＯ膜８を流通する。ＲＯ膜８を流通した水は、続いてイオン交換樹脂９を流通して純水が生成される。イオン交換樹脂９を流通して生成された純水は水タンク１０に貯水され、水ポンプ１１により水供給管５ａを介して改質器４内に供給される。   Water (pure water) used in the reformer 4 when performing steam reforming to obtain fuel gas (reformed gas) used for power generation of the fuel cell 1 is a water supply valve 6 constituting the water supply system X. Is opened, and water is supplied to the activated carbon filter 7 through the water supply pipe 5. The water that has passed through the activated carbon filter 7 then flows through the RO membrane 8. The water that has flowed through the RO membrane 8 then flows through the ion exchange resin 9 to produce pure water. The pure water generated through the ion exchange resin 9 is stored in the water tank 10 and supplied into the reformer 4 by the water pump 11 through the water supply pipe 5a.

この際、改質器４内部には、水供給管５ａの開口部と所定間隔をおいて対向するように温度センサ２１が設けられているため、水供給管５ａの先端開口部から水又は水蒸気が噴出され、温度センサ２１が水又は水蒸気に晒され、冷却され、所定温度よりも低温となる。この温度センサ２１の信号は制御部１４に送られ、所定温度よりも低温か否かを判定し、低温の場合には、水供給管５ａから改質器４内部に水が供給されていると判定し、水蒸気改質を継続する。   At this time, since the temperature sensor 21 is provided inside the reformer 4 so as to face the opening of the water supply pipe 5a at a predetermined interval, water or water vapor is introduced from the opening of the tip of the water supply pipe 5a. Is ejected, and the temperature sensor 21 is exposed to water or water vapor, cooled, and becomes a temperature lower than a predetermined temperature. A signal from the temperature sensor 21 is sent to the control unit 14 to determine whether or not the temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature. If the temperature is low, the water supply pipe 5a supplies water into the reformer 4. Determine and continue steam reforming.

なお、図１においては、給水弁６より水ポンプ１１にかけて、活性炭フィルタ７、ＲＯ膜８、イオン交換樹脂９、水タンク１０と順に配置したが、例えば、イオン交換樹脂９と水タンク１０の順序を逆にすることもできる。なお、給水弁６としては、電磁弁のほか、エア駆動バルブ等を用いることができる。   In FIG. 1, the activated carbon filter 7, the RO membrane 8, the ion exchange resin 9, and the water tank 10 are arranged in this order from the water supply valve 6 to the water pump 11, but for example, the order of the ion exchange resin 9 and the water tank 10. Can be reversed. As the water supply valve 6, an air drive valve or the like can be used in addition to an electromagnetic valve.

改質器４においては、水供給管５ａからの純水と、原燃料供給手段２より供給される原燃料とにより、水蒸気改質を行なう。改質器４にて生成された燃料ガス（改質ガス）は、燃料電池１に送られ、酸素含有ガス供給手段３より供給される酸素含有ガスと反応して、燃料電池１の発電が行なわれる。そして、燃料電池１の発電で生じた電力は、パワーコンディショナ１２を通じて、外部負荷に供給される。   In the reformer 4, steam reforming is performed using pure water from the water supply pipe 5 a and raw fuel supplied from the raw fuel supply means 2. The fuel gas (reformed gas) generated in the reformer 4 is sent to the fuel cell 1 and reacts with the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the oxygen-containing gas supply means 3 to generate power in the fuel cell 1. It is. The electric power generated by the power generation of the fuel cell 1 is supplied to an external load through the power conditioner 12.

一方、燃料電池１の発電により生じた排ガス（排熱）は、主に燃料電池１の温度を高めるもしくは維持するために使用されるが、余った排ガスが燃料電池１より熱交換器１３に供給される。   On the other hand, the exhaust gas (exhaust heat) generated by the power generation of the fuel cell 1 is mainly used to increase or maintain the temperature of the fuel cell 1, but the surplus exhaust gas is supplied from the fuel cell 1 to the heat exchanger 13. Is done.

熱交換器１３に供給された排ガスは、熱交換器１３内を流通（循環）する水とで熱交換される。そして熱交換された水（湯水）は、循環配管１７を循環して貯湯タンク１８に貯湯される。   The exhaust gas supplied to the heat exchanger 13 is heat-exchanged with water circulating (circulating) in the heat exchanger 13. The heat-exchanged water (hot water) is circulated through the circulation pipe 17 and stored in the hot water storage tank 18.

ここで定常運転時は、上述したように、水素を得る効率のよい反応である水蒸気改質により、燃料電池１の運転に必要な改質ガス（燃料ガス）を得て、燃料電池１の発電を行なうことができる。   Here, during steady operation, as described above, reformed gas (fuel gas) necessary for operation of the fuel cell 1 is obtained by steam reforming, which is an efficient reaction for obtaining hydrogen, and power generation by the fuel cell 1 is performed. Can be performed.

しかしながら、何らかの原因、例えば水供給系の劣化、水供給管５ａ内面へのシリカ、カルシウム等の不純物の析出等により、改質器４内に供給される水量の低減、もしくは水供給不可の状態が発生する場合がある。このような状態になると、改質器４における触媒劣化等により改質性能が劣化したり、改質器４が破損する虞もあった。   However, due to some cause, for example, deterioration of the water supply system, precipitation of impurities such as silica and calcium on the inner surface of the water supply pipe 5a, the amount of water supplied into the reformer 4 is reduced, or the water supply is not possible. May occur. In such a state, there is a possibility that the reforming performance deteriorates due to catalyst deterioration in the reformer 4 or the reformer 4 is damaged.

改質器４への水量が減少したり、供給不可になった場合に、燃料電池１の発電を停止することも考えられるが、燃料電池を停止することは、特に燃料電池１が固体酸化物形燃料電池である場合には、７００℃程度の高温で発電するため、燃料電池１の発電の停止や再起動を行なうにあたり長時間を必要とするため効率が悪い。   When the amount of water to the reformer 4 decreases or supply becomes impossible, it can be considered that the power generation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped. However, stopping the fuel cell particularly means that the fuel cell 1 is a solid oxide. In the case of a fuel cell, since power is generated at a high temperature of about 700 ° C., it takes a long time to stop or restart the power generation of the fuel cell 1, so that the efficiency is poor.

そこで、本発明では、定常運転では、改質器４にて水蒸気改質を行うが、温度センサ２１からの信号から、温度センサ２１の温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に、警報を発するように制御部１４により制御され、また、水供給管５ａによる改質器４への水供給を停止し、酸素含有ガスの供給を開始し、改質器４にて部分酸化改質を行うように制御する。   Therefore, in the present invention, in the steady operation, steam reforming is performed by the reformer 4, but an alarm is issued from the signal from the temperature sensor 21 when the temperature of the temperature sensor 21 becomes higher than a predetermined temperature. In this way, the control unit 14 controls the water supply pipe 5a to stop the water supply to the reformer 4, start the oxygen-containing gas supply, and the reformer 4 performs partial oxidation reforming. To control.

即ち、制御部１４は、給水弁６および水ポンプ１１に対し、それらの動作を停止するよう信号を伝送する。続いて、制御部１４は、酸素含有ガス供給手段３に対し、燃料電池１および部分酸化改質を行なう改質器４に必要な酸素含有ガスを供給するように、場合によっては酸素含有ガス供給量を増加するよう信号を伝送する。あわせて制御部１４は、酸素含有ガス流れ方向調整弁１９に対し、定常運転時は、燃料電池１にのみ酸素含有ガスが流れるように調整している酸素含有ガス流れ方向調整弁１９を、燃料電池１および改質器４の両方に酸素含有ガスが流れるように調整するよう信号を伝送する。それにより、酸素含有ガス供給手段３より、改質器４に対して酸素含有ガスが供給されることとなり、改質器４にて部分酸化改質を行うことができる。   That is, the control unit 14 transmits a signal to the water supply valve 6 and the water pump 11 so as to stop their operations. Subsequently, the control unit 14 supplies the oxygen-containing gas supply means 3 with an oxygen-containing gas supply in some cases so as to supply a necessary oxygen-containing gas to the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 4 that performs partial oxidation reforming. Transmit the signal to increase the amount. At the same time, the control unit 14 controls the oxygen-containing gas flow direction adjusting valve 19 so that the oxygen-containing gas flow direction adjusting valve 19 is adjusted so that the oxygen-containing gas flows only to the fuel cell 1 during steady operation. A signal is transmitted to adjust the oxygen-containing gas to flow through both the battery 1 and the reformer 4. Thereby, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the oxygen-containing gas supply means 3 to the reformer 4, and the partial oxidation reforming can be performed in the reformer 4.

また、制御部１４は、温度センサ２１の温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に、警報を発するため、水供給系に異常があることを容易に直接的に把握でき、温度センサ２１の温度が緩やかに上昇する等の緊急でない場合には、改質器４にて部分酸化改質を行い、水供給系のメンテナンス、交換等を、燃料電池の発電を停止することなく行うこともできる。   Further, since the control unit 14 issues an alarm when the temperature of the temperature sensor 21 becomes higher than a predetermined temperature, the controller 14 can easily and directly grasp that there is an abnormality in the water supply system. In the case of non-emergency such as a moderate rise, it is possible to perform partial oxidation reforming in the reformer 4 and perform maintenance, replacement, etc. of the water supply system without stopping the power generation of the fuel cell.

さらに、水供給手段と酸素含有ガス供給手段とを切り替えて改質器に供給するための切り替え手段を具備することにより、切り替え手段を切り替えるだけで水供給手段と酸素含有ガス供給手段を切り替えることができることから、メンテナンスの実施者が、水供給系の交換等のメンテナンスを行った後、切り替え手段を切り替え、水供給手段と酸素含有ガス供給手段を切り替えて水蒸気改質を行なうことができる。それゆえ、燃料電池の発電を停止することなく、水供給系をメンテナンスすることができる。   Furthermore, by providing a switching means for switching the water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means to supply to the reformer, the water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means can be switched only by switching the switching means. Therefore, after the maintenance person performs maintenance such as replacement of the water supply system, the switching means is switched, and the water reforming can be performed by switching the water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means. Therefore, the water supply system can be maintained without stopping the power generation of the fuel cell.

尚、上記形態では、制御部１４は、温度センサ２１の温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に、水蒸気改質から部分酸化改質に直接変更したが、水蒸気改質から部分酸化改質と水蒸気改質を併用して改質反応を行ない、その後部分酸化改質へと移行するようにすることが、改質触媒へのダメージを低減する上で望ましい。   In the above embodiment, the controller 14 directly changes from steam reforming to partial oxidation reforming when the temperature of the temperature sensor 21 is higher than a predetermined temperature. In order to reduce damage to the reforming catalyst, it is desirable to perform reforming reaction using steam reforming together and then shift to partial oxidation reforming.

本発明の燃料電池装置の構成を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the fuel cell apparatus of this invention. 改質器及びその近傍を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a reformer and its vicinity.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：燃料電池
２：原燃料供給手段
３：酸素含有ガス供給手段
４：改質器
５、５ａ：水供給管
１４：制御部
２１：温度センサ 1: Fuel cell 2: Raw fuel supply means 3: Oxygen-containing gas supply means 4: Reformer 5, 5a: Water supply pipe 14: Control unit 21: Temperature sensor

Claims (3)

燃料電池と、該燃料電池に供給される燃料ガスを生成するための改質器と、該改質器に原燃料を供給するための原燃料供給手段と、前記改質器に接続され前記改質器内部に水を供給するための水供給管とを具備する燃料電池装置であって、前記改質器内部に、前記水供給管の開口部と所定間隔をおいて対向するように温度センサを設けてなることを特徴とする燃料電池装置。 A fuel cell; a reformer for generating fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell; raw fuel supply means for supplying raw fuel to the reformer; and the reformer connected to the reformer. A fuel cell device comprising a water supply pipe for supplying water to the inside of the mass device, wherein the temperature sensor faces the opening of the water supply pipe at a predetermined interval inside the reformer. A fuel cell device comprising: 前記温度センサの温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に警報を発する警報装置を具備することを特徴とする請求項１記載の燃料電池装置。 The fuel cell device according to claim 1, further comprising an alarm device that issues an alarm when the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes higher than a predetermined temperature. 前記改質器に酸素含有ガスを供給するための酸素含有ガス供給手段と、定常運転時は、前記改質器にて、前記原燃料供給手段により供給される原燃料と前記水供給管により供給される水とで水蒸気改質を行なわせるように制御する制御部とを具備し、該制御部は、前記温度センサの温度が所定温度よりも高くなった場合に、前記水供給手段による水の供給を停止し、前記改質器にて、前記原燃料供給手段により供給される原燃料と前記酸素含有ガス供給手段により供給される酸素含有ガスとで部分酸化改質を行なわせるように制御することを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の燃料電池装置。 Oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the reformer, and at the time of steady operation, the reformer supplies the raw fuel supplied by the raw fuel supply means and the water supply pipe And a controller that controls the steam to be reformed with water, and the controller controls the water supplied by the water supply means when the temperature of the temperature sensor becomes higher than a predetermined temperature. The supply is stopped, and the reformer is controlled to perform partial oxidation reforming with the raw fuel supplied by the raw fuel supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supplied by the oxygen-containing gas supply means. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
JP2007082469A 2007-03-27 2007-03-27 Fuel cell device Expired - Fee Related JP5121269B2 (en)

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