JP2005199316A - Method for reducing residual stress of cold-rolled steel sheet - Google Patents

Method for reducing residual stress of cold-rolled steel sheet Download PDF

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JP2005199316A
JP2005199316A JP2004009160A JP2004009160A JP2005199316A JP 2005199316 A JP2005199316 A JP 2005199316A JP 2004009160 A JP2004009160 A JP 2004009160A JP 2004009160 A JP2004009160 A JP 2004009160A JP 2005199316 A JP2005199316 A JP 2005199316A
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cold
rolling
steel sheet
residual stress
plate
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Tatsuhiro Kubo
達博 久保
Kenji Hara
健治 原
Keiji Yamazaki
圭司 山崎
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Nisshin Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cold-rolled steel sheet in which residual stress which is a primary factor of the generation of deformation with thermal strain is minimized when a material to be punched is heated and held. <P>SOLUTION: Light reduction rolling is performed to a steel sheet which is cold-rolled by using small-diameter rolls at a draft of 0.2-1.0% by using rolls the outside diameter of which is ≥300 mm. Residual strain which is created when the steel sheet is cold-rolled with small-diameter rolls is removed by performing the light reduction rolling using large-diameter rolls after cold rolling. After that, even when the sheet is heated to and held at a temperature of a certain degree, the generation of the deformation with thermal strain due to the release of the residual strain disappears. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、例えば、自動車のオートマチックトランスミッションの構成部材であるセパレートプレート,フリクションプレート,バッキングプレート等として好適に使用されるようなATプレート用等の冷延鋼板において、冷延時に生成した残留応力を低減する方法に関する。   The present invention, for example, in a cold-rolled steel sheet for an AT plate, which is suitably used as a separation plate, a friction plate, a backing plate, etc., which are components of an automatic transmission of an automobile, It relates to a method of reducing.

自動車のオートマチックトランスミッション(AT)を構成するセパレートプレート(ドリブンプレート又はメーティングプレートとも称される)、フリクションプレート(ドライブプレート,コア−プレート又はディスクとも称される),バッキングプレート(リテーニングプレート,リアクションプレート又はエンドプレートとも称される)等の部材(以下、「ATプレート」と称する)は、鋼板をほぼ円環形状にプレス打抜きした成形品である。セパレートプレートとフリクションプレートは摩擦材を介して交互に配置され、これにバッキングプレート等を組付けられてトルクの伝達機構を構成する部材である。   Separate plate (also called driven plate or mating plate), friction plate (also called drive plate, core-plate or disk), backing plate (retaining plate, reaction) constituting the automatic transmission (AT) of an automobile A member (hereinafter also referred to as an “AT plate”) such as a plate or an end plate is a molded product obtained by press punching a steel plate into a substantially annular shape. The separate plates and the friction plates are members that are alternately arranged via a friction material, and have a backing plate or the like assembled thereto to constitute a torque transmission mechanism.

従来、このようなATプレート用素材として、JIS G3311に規定される機械構造用鋼、主としてS35Cの冷延鋼板が使用されている。そして、ATプレート用冷延鋼板は、「製鋼→連続鋳造→熱間圧延→酸洗→焼鈍→冷間圧延→脱脂→精整」の工程で製造されている。さらに、この冷延鋼板を所望形状に打抜いた後、接着剤が塗布され、摩擦材が貼り付けられたプレート材が組み合わされて、実際のオートマチックトランスミッションが製造されている。
製造時に加熱処理を行う工程がある場合や、実車走行時の環境温度により高温になる場合に、冷延時に生成された残留応力が開放され、プレート材に熱歪みに伴う変形が発生する。この熱歪みに伴う変形を発現させないために、場合によっては、打抜き後のプレート材に荷重をかけた状態で高温に加熱・保持するプレステンパー処理を施して残留応力を除去し、各プレート材に平面出しを行っている。このため、熱歪みに伴う変形の発生を抑えようとすると、却ってコスト高になることもあった。
高温に曝してもプレート材に熱歪みに伴う変形を発現させないためには、冷延鋼板の残留応力を小さくすることが必要である。応力除去の熱処理を施すことなく、冷延鋼板の残留応力を機械的に低減する方法が、特許文献1や特許文献2等で提案されている。
Conventionally, as such a material for an AT plate, a steel for machine structure defined in JIS G3311, mainly a cold rolled steel sheet of S35C, is used. And the cold rolled steel sheet for AT plates is manufactured in the process of "steel making-> continuous casting-> hot rolling->pickling->annealing-> cold rolling->defatting->refinement". Furthermore, after punching this cold-rolled steel sheet into a desired shape, an actual automatic transmission is manufactured by combining an adhesive and a plate material to which a friction material is attached.
When there is a step of performing a heat treatment during manufacture or when the temperature becomes high due to the environmental temperature during actual vehicle travel, the residual stress generated during cold rolling is released, and the plate material is deformed due to thermal distortion. In order to prevent the deformation caused by this thermal strain, in some cases, the plate material after punching is subjected to a press tempering treatment that heats and holds the plate at a high temperature to remove residual stress. Performing flattening. For this reason, when it was going to suppress the deformation | transformation accompanying heat distortion, the cost might be increased on the contrary.
It is necessary to reduce the residual stress of the cold-rolled steel sheet in order to prevent the plate material from being deformed due to thermal strain even when exposed to high temperatures. A method of mechanically reducing the residual stress of a cold-rolled steel sheet without performing heat treatment for removing stress has been proposed in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and the like.

特開平1−99721号公報JP-A-1-99721 特開昭63−273518号公報JP-A-63-273518

ところで、これらの発明においては、板に単純な引張り応力を付与して塑性変形を与えて残留応力を低減させる原理であり、対象とする板厚が0.2mm程度と薄いため、塑性変形を与えるための引張り応力が小さくて済む。しかしながら、本発明が対象とするようなATプレート用冷延鋼板では、板厚が0.7〜3mmと厚く、単純な引張り変形を与えるためには過大な引張り力を与える必要が生じ、現実的な方法ではない。
本発明は、このような問題を解消すべく案出されたものであり、各種形状に成形加工した後高温下に曝した際に、熱歪みに伴う変形を引き起こす要因である残留応力を極力低減した冷延鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
By the way, in these inventions, it is a principle of applying a simple tensile stress to the plate and applying plastic deformation to reduce the residual stress. Since the target plate thickness is as thin as about 0.2 mm, it gives plastic deformation. Therefore, a small tensile stress is required. However, the cold-rolled steel sheet for AT plate as the object of the present invention is as thick as 0.7 to 3 mm, and it is necessary to give an excessive tensile force in order to give a simple tensile deformation. It ’s not the right way.
The present invention has been devised to solve such problems, and the residual stress, which is a factor causing deformation due to thermal strain, is reduced as much as possible after being molded into various shapes and exposed to high temperatures. An object of the present invention is to provide a cold-rolled steel sheet.

本発明の冷延鋼板の残留応力低減方法は、その目的を達成するため、冷間圧延された鋼板に、外径が300mm以上のロールを使用して0.2〜1.0%の圧下率で軽圧下圧延を施すことを特徴とする。
軽圧下圧延を施す鋼板としては、クラスター圧延機等、外径が60〜250mmの小径ロールをワークロールとして組み込んだ多段圧延機により冷間圧延された鋼板が使用される。
In order to achieve the object, the method for reducing the residual stress of the cold rolled steel sheet according to the present invention uses a roll having an outer diameter of 300 mm or more on a cold-rolled steel sheet, and a rolling reduction of 0.2 to 1.0%. It is characterized in that it is subjected to light rolling.
As the steel sheet subjected to light rolling, a steel sheet cold-rolled by a multi-stage rolling mill incorporating a small diameter roll having an outer diameter of 60 to 250 mm as a work roll, such as a cluster rolling mill, is used.

本発明により、冷間圧延後に大径ロールを使用して軽圧下圧延を施すことにより、冷間圧延時に生成された残留応力は除去され、その後、ある程度の温度に加熱・保持しても残留応力の開放に起因する熱歪みに伴う変形がなくなる。
このため、本発明による冷延鋼板は、所定形状に打抜かれた後、調質のための熱処理を必要とせず、そのままATプレート材等として使用することができる。
According to the present invention, by applying light rolling using a large-diameter roll after cold rolling, the residual stress generated during cold rolling is removed, and then the residual stress is maintained even if heated to a certain temperature. Deformation due to thermal strain due to the opening of is eliminated.
For this reason, the cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention does not require heat treatment for tempering after being punched into a predetermined shape, and can be used as it is as an AT plate material or the like.

本発明者等は、例えば、冷延鋼板を打抜いて製造したATプレート材を高温に加熱したときにプレート材に発生する熱歪みに伴う変形が、冷間圧延時に生成された残留応力に起因することを確認し、この残留応力を機械的に簡潔な手段で除去する方法について検討した。
その結果、冷間圧延に伴って発生した残留応力は、その後の大径のロールを使用した軽圧下圧延によりキャンセルされ、軽圧下圧延鋼板を高温に加熱しても熱歪みに伴う変形が発現しないことを確認した。
The inventors of the present invention, for example, caused deformation due to thermal strain generated in a plate material when an AT plate material manufactured by punching a cold-rolled steel plate was heated to a high temperature due to residual stress generated during cold rolling. The method of removing this residual stress by a mechanically simple means was examined.
As a result, the residual stress generated with cold rolling is canceled by subsequent light rolling using a large-diameter roll, and deformation due to thermal strain does not occur even when the light rolling steel sheet is heated to a high temperature. It was confirmed.

通常、熱延焼鈍鋼板を、クラスター圧延機等、小径ロールをワークロールとして組み込んだ多段圧延機により圧延した冷延鋼板には、図1に示すように、鋼板の表裏面近傍には引張りの、板厚中心部には圧縮の残留応力が発生している。このような冷延鋼板に、さらに大径のロールを使用して軽圧下圧延を施すと、図2に示すように、表面部の引張り応力が低減されるとともに、中心部の圧縮応力も低減されている。   Usually, a cold-rolled steel sheet rolled by a hot rolling annealed steel sheet, such as a cluster rolling mill, a multi-stage rolling mill incorporating a small diameter roll as a work roll, as shown in FIG. A compressive residual stress is generated at the center of the plate thickness. When such a cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to light rolling using a roll having a larger diameter, as shown in FIG. 2, the tensile stress at the surface portion is reduced and the compressive stress at the center portion is also reduced. ing.

大径のロールを使用した軽圧下圧延により、冷延工程で導入された残留応力がキャンセルされる理由(機構)は、次の通りと推測される。
通常の圧延の場合、板厚全域において塑性変形を受け、中央部の方が表面部よりも大きな塑性変形を起こそうとするが、表面層に拘束され、その結果、中央部に圧縮応力、表面部に引張り応力が残存する。ところが、大径ロールで軽圧下した場合には、板厚中央部は塑性変形せずに、板厚の表面層のみが伸ばされようとするため、板厚中央部の拘束を受け、中央部に引張り応力,表面部に圧縮応力が残存する。
このため、冷間圧延で作りこまれる残留応力を大径ロールで軽圧下することにより逆方向の残留応力を作りこもうとするために、残留応力がキャンセルされて低減される。
The reason (mechanism) that the residual stress introduced in the cold rolling process is canceled by light rolling using a large-diameter roll is estimated as follows.
In the case of normal rolling, plastic deformation is applied throughout the thickness of the plate, and the central part tends to cause plastic deformation larger than the surface part, but is constrained by the surface layer. Tensile stress remains in the part. However, when lightly squeezed with a large-diameter roll, the center part of the plate thickness does not undergo plastic deformation, and only the surface layer of the plate thickness tends to be stretched. Tensile stress and compressive stress remain on the surface.
For this reason, in order to make the residual stress of a reverse direction by lightly reducing the residual stress created by cold rolling with a large diameter roll, the residual stress is canceled and reduced.

次に、大径ロールによる軽圧下圧延の条件について説明する。
軽圧下圧延の圧下率が1.0%を超えると、塑性変形が表層だけでなく、板厚中央部近くまで及ぶために残留応力のキャンセルができなくなる。逆に圧下率が0.2%に満たないと、軽圧下圧延による残留応力の作りこみが小さくなり、冷間圧延による残留応力をキャンセルできなくなる。そのため、軽圧下圧延の圧延率としては、0.2〜1.0%を採用する必要がある。
Next, conditions for light rolling under large diameter rolls will be described.
If the rolling reduction of the light rolling is over 1.0%, the plastic deformation reaches not only the surface layer but also near the center of the plate thickness, so that the residual stress cannot be canceled. On the contrary, if the rolling reduction is less than 0.2%, the residual stress created by the light rolling is reduced, and the residual stress caused by the cold rolling cannot be canceled. Therefore, it is necessary to employ 0.2 to 1.0% as the rolling rate of the light rolling.

軽圧下圧延するときのロール径が小さすぎると、圧延荷重が低下するために軽圧下圧延による残留応力の絶対値が小さくなり、冷間圧延による残留応力をキャンセルすることができなくなる。そのため、大径ロールによる軽圧下圧延を行うロールの径は300mm以上とすることが必要である。
また、軽圧下圧延する前の冷延素材としては、60〜250mmの径を有するワークロールで冷間圧延したものを用いることが好ましい。径が大きいワークロールで冷間圧延すると圧延荷重が高くなって残留応力が大きくなりすぎ、軽圧下圧延によっても残留応力を低減しきれなくなってしまう。逆に径が小さいワークロールで冷間圧延するとワークロールが撓みやすくなり、平坦な板形状が得られない。
If the roll diameter at the time of light rolling is too small, the rolling load decreases, so the absolute value of the residual stress due to light rolling becomes small, and the residual stress due to cold rolling cannot be canceled. Therefore, it is necessary that the diameter of the roll for performing light rolling with a large diameter roll be 300 mm or more.
Moreover, it is preferable to use what was cold-rolled with the work roll which has a diameter of 60-250 mm as a cold-rolling raw material before rolling under light reduction. When cold rolling is performed with a work roll having a large diameter, the rolling load becomes high and the residual stress becomes too large, and the residual stress cannot be reduced even by light rolling. Conversely, when cold rolling is performed with a work roll having a small diameter, the work roll is easily bent and a flat plate shape cannot be obtained.

0.2質量%炭素鋼の熱延焼鈍板を、ワークロール径80mmの冷間圧延機にて圧下率65%で冷間圧延し、板厚0.8mmの冷延鋼板を作製した。この冷延鋼板の硬度はHv244と、ATプレート用素材として必要な硬度(HV≧230)を満足していた。
この冷延鋼板に、表1に示すような各条件で、ロール径及び圧下率を変えた軽圧下圧延を施し、ATプレート用素材とした。
なお、軽圧下圧延を施した各鋼板について、片側の表層より0.05mmずつ塩化第2鉄溶液にてエッチングを行い、エッチング前後の反りの変化(曲率の変化)を測定することにより残留応力を求めた(米谷茂著「残留応力の発生と対策」養賢堂発行)。
ちなみに、軽圧下圧延を施さない冷延鋼板では、板厚中央部で120N/mm2の圧縮応力,表層部で100N/mm2の引張り応力が残留しており、板厚中央と表層部の残留応力の差は220N/mm2であった。
A 0.2% by mass carbon steel hot-rolled annealed plate was cold-rolled at a rolling reduction of 65% with a cold rolling mill having a work roll diameter of 80 mm to produce a cold-rolled steel plate having a thickness of 0.8 mm. The cold-rolled steel sheet had a hardness of Hv244 and a hardness required for the AT plate material (HV ≧ 230).
The cold-rolled steel sheet was subjected to light rolling under various conditions as shown in Table 1 with different roll diameters and rolling reductions to obtain AT plate materials.
In addition, about each steel plate which performed light reduction rolling, it etches with a ferric chloride solution 0.05mm at a time from the surface layer of one side, and a residual stress is measured by measuring the change (curvature change) before and after the etching. It was determined (Shigeru Yoneya, “Generation and countermeasures for residual stress” written by Shigeru Yoneya).
Incidentally, in the cold-rolled steel sheet not subjected to soft reduction rolling, compressive stress of 120 N / mm 2 at the plate thickness center part, of the tensile stress 100 N / mm 2 in the surface layer portion is remaining, residual mid-thickness and the surface layer portion The difference in stress was 220 N / mm 2 .

次に熱変形について検討した。
各条件で製造した上記冷延鋼板を外径180mmのリング状のATプレートとして打抜いた。このときのATプレートの最大高さと最小高さの差で定義する平坦度は0.15mmであった。
その後、各ATプレートを300℃で10分間保持した。保持後の変形の度合いで熱変形を評価した。熱変形がほとんど無く、ATプレートの最大高さと最小高さの差で定義する平坦度が0.2mm以下のものを○とした。熱変形が大きく、上記平坦度が0.2mmを超えたものはATプレートの規格を外れるため×とした。
軽圧下条件と得られた各冷延鋼板の残留応力及びATプレートに打抜いた後の熱変形の関係を表1に示す。
Next, thermal deformation was examined.
The cold-rolled steel sheet produced under each condition was punched as a ring-shaped AT plate having an outer diameter of 180 mm. The flatness defined by the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height of the AT plate at this time was 0.15 mm.
Thereafter, each AT plate was held at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes. Thermal deformation was evaluated based on the degree of deformation after holding. The case where there was almost no thermal deformation and the flatness defined by the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height of the AT plate was 0.2 mm or less was rated as ◯. When the thermal deformation was large and the flatness exceeded 0.2 mm, it was rated as x because it deviated from the AT plate standard.
Table 1 shows the relationship between the light rolling conditions, the residual stress of each cold-rolled steel sheet obtained, and the thermal deformation after punching into the AT plate.

Figure 2005199316
Figure 2005199316

表1中、No.1〜4が本発明例である。鋼板の残留応力が小さいため、ATプレートに打抜いた後に熱処理を行っても熱変形が小さく平坦度に優れている。
これに対して、比較例であるNo.5は、冷間圧延後に軽圧下圧延を施さずにそのままATプレート素材として使用したものであり、冷間圧延後の残留応力が高く、熱変形が大きくなっている。
また、比較例No.6,7は、冷間圧延後に小さいロール径のワークロールで軽圧下圧延したものである。軽圧下圧延後に残留応力は低減しているものの、低減量は小さく、ATプレートの熱変形が大きくなっている。さらに、比較例No.8は、冷間圧延後に大径ロールで軽圧下圧延を行ってはいるが、圧下率が小さすぎるために冷間圧延後の残留応力をほとんど低減できず、ATプレートの熱変形が大きくなっている。さらにまた、比較例No.9は、冷間圧延後に1%を超える圧下率で圧延を施しているために、圧下率が大きすぎて、冷間圧延により生成した残留応力の低減量が小さくなっており、ATプレートの熱変形が大きくなっている。
In Table 1, No. 1-4 are examples of the present invention. Since the residual stress of the steel sheet is small, thermal deformation is small and flatness is excellent even if heat treatment is performed after punching into the AT plate.
On the other hand, No. which is a comparative example. No. 5 is used as it is as an AT plate material without being subjected to light rolling after cold rolling, and has a high residual stress after cold rolling and large thermal deformation.
Comparative Example No. Nos. 6 and 7 are light-rolled with a work roll having a small roll diameter after cold rolling. Although the residual stress is reduced after light rolling, the reduction amount is small and the thermal deformation of the AT plate is large. Further, Comparative Example No. No. 8, although light rolling is performed with a large-diameter roll after cold rolling, since the rolling reduction is too small, the residual stress after cold rolling can hardly be reduced, and thermal deformation of the AT plate increases. Yes. Furthermore, Comparative Example No. No. 9 is rolled at a reduction ratio of more than 1% after cold rolling, so that the reduction ratio is too large, and the amount of reduction in residual stress generated by cold rolling is small. Deformation is getting bigger.

冷間圧延後の冷延鋼板の残留応力分布を表わす図Diagram showing residual stress distribution of cold-rolled steel sheet after cold rolling 冷間圧延後、大径ロールで軽圧下した後の鋼板の残留応力分布を表わす図Diagram showing residual stress distribution in steel sheet after cold rolling and light reduction with large diameter roll

Claims (2)

冷間圧延された鋼板に、外径が300mm以上のロールを使用して0.2〜1.0%の圧下率で軽圧下圧延を施すことを特徴とする冷延鋼板の残留応力低減方法。   A method for reducing residual stress in a cold-rolled steel sheet, comprising subjecting a cold-rolled steel sheet to light rolling at a rolling reduction of 0.2 to 1.0% using a roll having an outer diameter of 300 mm or more. 軽圧下圧延を施す鋼板が、外径が60〜250mmの小径ロールをワークロールとして組み込んだ多段圧延機により冷間圧延された鋼板である請求項1に記載の冷延鋼板の残留応力低減方法。   The method for reducing residual stress of a cold-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the steel sheet subjected to light rolling is a steel sheet that has been cold-rolled by a multi-stage rolling mill incorporating a small-diameter roll having an outer diameter of 60 to 250 mm as a work roll.
JP2004009160A 2004-01-16 2004-01-16 Method for reducing residual stress of cold-rolled steel sheet Pending JP2005199316A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007090360A (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-12 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Method and apparatus for dispersing residual stress after straightening with leveler
JP2014159615A (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-09-04 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Cold rolled steel sheet for automatic transmission member and method of manufacturing the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007090360A (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-04-12 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Method and apparatus for dispersing residual stress after straightening with leveler
JP2014159615A (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-09-04 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Cold rolled steel sheet for automatic transmission member and method of manufacturing the same

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