JP2005160316A - Method for marine culturing of coral and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for marine culturing of coral by which young polyps are protected from competition with seaweeds, etc., deposition of floating mud and depletion of eating damage, etc., and the depletion of the young polyps metamorphosed from planular larvae can thereby be prevented as much as possible to raise the survival rate of the coral relocated to a natural sea area until the young polyps set on adhesion beds and metamorphosed from the planular larvae grow to young coral of a prescribed size having a hard tissue and to provide an apparatus therefor. <P>SOLUTION: The method for marine culturing of the coral is carried out by composing culturing tools as follows. The one or two or more adhesion beds in which the planular larvae set are fixed to holding means. The resultant culturing tools are mounted on a buoyancy imparter floated on the sea surface of the natural sea area and held in positions at a prescribed height from the sea bottom. The young polyps set on the adhesion beds and metamorphosed from the planular larvae are cultured in the natural sea area while being protected with a polyp protecting means until the young polyps become the young coral having the hard tissue and are relocated to the sea bottom of the natural sea area. The apparatus for marine culturing of the coral is equipped with the culturing tools, the buoyancy imparter and the polyp protecting means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a coral sea culture method for cultivating a young polyp that has settled on an adherent substrate and transformed from a planula larva into a natural sea area until it becomes a juvenile coral having a hard tissue and is transferred to the sea floor of the natural sea area, and In particular, in the natural world, a young polyp that has just transformed from a planula larvae, which has a very low survival rate, due to food damage by fish such as sea bream and sea animals such as sea urchins, competition with seaweeds, sedimentation of floating mud, etc. The present invention relates to a coral marine culture method and an apparatus for cultivating a coral until it becomes a juvenile coral suitable for relocation to the seabed of a natural sea area.

  In recent years in Okinawa and other parts of the world due to the disappearance of shallow water due to land reclamation, the decrease in seawater transparency caused by land development such as farmland development and road maintenance, the rise in seawater temperature due to global warming, etc. The decline of coral reefs, such as coral community whitening, death and death, is a serious problem.

  However, many of the reef-building corals, including the coral of the genus Midori, release large quantities of eggs and sperm by simultaneous laying eggs at a certain time every year, fertilize near the sea surface to become fertilized eggs, and also to planula larvae Transformed, these fertilized eggs and / or planula larvae (hereinafter abbreviated as “eggs / larvae”) drift in the sea, and eventually the planula larvae settle down and transform to form polyps, and further coral communities. It grows by asexual reproduction. And in the natural world, the probability that eggs and larvae settle and transform to form polyps is extremely low, as the initial consumption is severe and the environmental conditions for settlement and transformation are severe. Therefore, it is difficult to let nature stop the decline of coral reefs.

  Therefore, attempts have been made to artificially restore the coral reef.For example, (a) processing of unevenness to promote the coral bottoming on the surface of the coral bottoming base such as a wave-dissipating block Or a base improvement method consisting of fixing the base material for flooring acceleration to a bedrock or breakwater (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-61,506), (b) Cutting or dividing a part of a healthy coral A transplantation method in which the obtained transplantation body is fixed at a predetermined position on the seabed by means such as a stinging projection or a transplantation assisting device, or alive and grown without being fixed (JP-A-6-303,875, JP-A-7 No. -39,270, JP-A-8-112,048, JP-A-9-121,712, JP-A-2001-238,563, JP-A-2001-321,001, JP-A-2002-45,075), (c) Seabed on which corals have settled Evacuation and relocation methods such as excavating the basement of rocks, etc. Attempts have been made.

  However, the above-mentioned base improvement method (a) has no effect in the sea area where no planula larvae are supplied, and the above transplantation method (b) requires a great deal of work for cutting out the graft in seawater. In addition, cutting a part of a healthy coral has a problem of damaging the natural coral itself, and thus also damaging the coral reef, and also caused by natural phenomena such as typhoons. Collecting debris into a graft also has the problem that the acquisition of the graft is extremely unstable. Furthermore, the above evacuation / relocation method (c) requires a large-scale work using heavy machinery and the like, resulting in high costs, and as a result, the evacuation / relocation destination is a sea area that is not suitable for coral growth. In some cases, the effectiveness is not achieved.

  Moreover, as a method different from each of the above methods (a) to (c), (d) collecting eggs and larvae from slicks generated by simultaneous spawning of corals in coral reef sea areas, cultivating them indoors, concrete pieces, Moved to a natural sea area by laying the bottom of a tile, stone, etc. (JP-A-11-276,013, JP-A-2002-272,307), or sampled in a natural sea area where coral settles Floating a floating culture pond for culturing eggs and larvae, and forming a field by surrounding the bottom of the seabed with a net, forming a field, and coral larvae cultured in the floating culture pond at the bottom of the floating culture pond To the inside of the farm net with a supply hose (Mar Ecol Prog Ser 230; 113-118, 2002). Furthermore, eggs and larvae collected from slicks etc. are temporarily grown and set Planura larvae that have begun to settle down are transported to the natural waters with a well-grounded base Carrying out seedlings and seedling production methods using eggs and larvae such as carrying and maintaining a high concentration of planula larvae in the natural sea area by means of diffusion prevention to promote efficient settlement (JP-A-2003-219,751) It has been.

  This seedling production method (d) is the most expected method at present, but it has been moved to the bottom of the natural sea by laying on the adhesion base of concrete pieces, tiles, stones, etc. The planula larvae that have settled on the bottom of the base and the young polyps that have just transformed and are not yet hard tissue are usually less than 1mm in size. If there is a competition for light and fast-growing seaweeds that have settled on the adherent basement or bottoming base, they will die out of this competition. Depletion due to competition with seaweeds, etc., and furthermore, killed by fish damage such as sea breams and sea urchins such as sea urchins (depletion due to food damage), a hard tissue is formed and a certain size consisting of a group of polyves Growing up to the young coral The survival rate of up to withstand the feeding damage such as Te there is a problem that extremely low.

  Also, it is relatively difficult to keep the planula larvae that have settled on the adhesion base indoors to a juvenile coral of a certain size, for example due to competition with seaweeds, accumulation of floating mud, damage due to food damage, etc. It takes about 12 months to grow to a polyp with a size of about 3 cm, and it is not practical because it is difficult to maintain a fluid environment and supply food. Furthermore, it is also possible to form coral planula larvae that have formed a field surrounded by a net in the natural sea area and settled on the bottom of the ground until a polyp of a certain size is reached within the net of this field. It is not realistic because it becomes long.

Therefore, this seedling production method (d) also has a problem that it is difficult to increase the survival rate of the young polyps that have just transformed the planula larvae on the adhesion base or the bottom.
JP-A-6-303,875 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-39,270 JP-A-8-112,048 JP-A-9-121,712 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-276,013 JP 2001-238,563 A JP 2001-321,001 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-272,307 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-45,075 JP2003-61,506 JP2003-219,751 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 230; 113-118, 2002

  Therefore, the present inventors competed this young polyp with seaweeds etc. until the young polyp that settled on the adhesion base and transformed from the planula larvae grew to a certain size juvenile coral, As a result of earnest examination about increasing the survival rate of corals after relocation to natural waters while protecting as much as possible from depletion of puddle mud, damage from eating damage, preventing depletion of young polyps transformed from planula larvae as much as possible, The attached basement where the planula larvae settled is held at a predetermined height from the seabed in the natural sea area, and the young polyps transformed from the planula larvae are protected by the polyp protection means, and the young polyps are protected by asexual reproduction on the attached basement. By growing in the natural sea until it grows and becomes a juvenile coral of a certain size with hard tissue and moved to the bottom of the natural sea, it is possible to prevent the loss of young polyps as much as possible. It found that can increase the survival of coral after moved to sea, and completed the present invention.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to compete with seaweeds etc. until the young polyps that have settled on the adherent base and transformed from the planula larvae to grow into juvenile corals having a certain size. Coral protection that protects against depletion of mud deposits, damage to food, etc., thereby preventing as much as possible the loss of young polyps transformed from Planula larvae and increasing the survival rate of corals after relocation to natural waters It is to provide a sea farming method.

  Another object of the present invention is to use the young polyps with seaweeds until the young polyps transformed from the planula larvae that have settled on the adherent base have grown into juvenile corals having a certain size. Protects against depletion such as competition, sedimentation of mud, and damage from damage, thereby preventing as much as possible depletion of young polyps transformed from planula larvae and increasing the survival rate of corals after relocation to natural waters. The object is to provide a sea coral aquaculture device.

  That is, the present invention constitutes a culture tool by fixing one or two or more attachment bases on which the planula larvae have settled to a holding means, and attaches this culture tool to a buoyancy imparting body floated on the sea surface of the natural sea area. Hold the attached base at a predetermined height from the sea floor, until the young polyp that has landed on the attached base and transformed from the planula larva becomes a juvenile coral with hard tissue and is transferred to the sea floor in the natural sea area, It is a coral sea culture method characterized by culturing in a natural sea area while protecting with polyp protection means.

  In addition, the present invention provides a method for cultivating coral seawater that is cultivated in a natural sea area until a young polyp that has settled on an attachment base and transformed from a planula larva becomes a juvenile coral having a hard tissue and is transferred to the sea floor of the natural sea area. The device is a culture tool that fixes one or more attachment bases on which the planula larvae have settled to the holding means, and this culture tool is attached to float on the sea surface of the natural sea area. A buoyancy imparting body that is held at a predetermined height from the bottom and a polyp protection means that protects the young polyp while cultivating the young polyp that has landed on the attachment base and transformed from the planula larvae. Coral sea farming equipment.

  In the present invention, regarding the adhesion base on which the planula larvae are grounded by constituting a coral culture tool, any material, shape can be used as long as the planula larvae can be grounded and finally transferred to the seabed in the natural sea area. The material may be a size, and is not particularly limited. Examples of the material include concrete, mortar, ceramics, slate plate, tile, and other cured products. In addition, the shape can be exemplified by a circular shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a polygonal shape, a cloud shape, and other various shapes such as a plate shape, a rod shape, a column shape, a lump shape, and a combination shape thereof. The size is not particularly limited as long as it can be suspended in seawater using a hanging strap, but considering the handling work during the suspension work and relocation, a rectangular shape is assumed to be approximately 5 in length. 30 cm × lateral 5 to 30 cm × is good is a thickness of approximately 1 to 5 cm. In addition, since the polyp grows up to a predetermined size, the adhesion base is transferred as it is to the bottom of the natural sea area, so that fixing means for this transfer work, such as adhesive application parts, bolts, pins, concrete nails, etc. A fixing string, a wire, or the like may be provided. Furthermore, it is preferable to provide projections, protrusions, depressions, depressions and other depressions and depressions of an appropriate size on the surface of the adhesion base so that the planula larvae settle and grow easily. .

  Here, if the preferable aspect of this adhesion base is illustrated, for example, it will be formed with a vertically long plate material made of concrete, mortar, or ceramics, and one side surface thereof has unevenness of several mm to several cm in size. There can be mentioned a number of concave grooves for landing, and when hanging in the aquaculture area using a hanging string, two attachment bases are used in pairs, It is better to fix the bottomed grooves on the back side of each other, and when using this, the surface of the coral polyp that is not grounded is used when cultivated and transferred to the seabed of the natural area of the transfer destination. In addition, it can be fixed to underwater natural rocks, wave-dissipating root blocks, fish reef blocks, etc. with fixing means such as underwater bonds, bolts and nuts, concrete nails, fixing strings, underwater concrete, etc. Can be used.

  In addition, the holding means for fixing the attachment base on which the planula larvae have settled can be held at a predetermined height from the bottom of the natural sea by holding the attachment base, and is durable and easy to handle. There is no particular limitation, and typically, a strong hanging string such as nylon or Cremona can be exemplified.

  And about the culture tool which has the said adhesion base and the holding means, although one adhesion base may be fixed to one holding means (for example, a hanging string), Preferably it is two or more, More preferably It is better to configure a large number of adherent bases in series as a culture tool. Here, the number of attachment bases attached to one holding means (for example, a hanging strap) is the culture area formed when the culture area is partitioned by the size of the attachment base itself or a culture area partition member described later. The depth is determined in consideration of the depth, etc., and is usually 1 to 10, preferably 3 to 6.

  Further, in the present invention, the buoyancy imparting body is a culture until the above-mentioned culture tool is attached via the holding means, and the planula larvae that have settled on the adhesion base are transformed into polyps and grown to a predetermined size. During the period, it is only necessary to be able to hold the adhesion base at a predetermined height position from the seabed in the natural sea area, and examples include ginger ridges, oil fences, silt fences, etc. It should be easy to move in case of typhoon invasion or weathering. Here, at a certain height position from the bottom of the natural sea area where the adhesion base is held, at least the damage by the marine animals on the sea floor is prevented, and the accumulation of floating mud is not observed or the height is extremely low. It is usually 50 cm or more, preferably 100 cm or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, for polyp protection means for protecting young polyps from competition with seaweeds, sedimentation of floating mud, depletion of food damage, etc. during the cultivation period, for example, from the above buoyancy imparting body into the sea water in the natural sea area The aquaculture area, which is suspended and divides the aquaculture area of a predetermined width and depth, mainly adjusts the depth of the aquaculture area partition member that mainly prevents fish damage and the attachment base of the culture tool in the seawater, mainly seaweed For example, when the holding means is a hanging string, the hanging string length adjusting means can be used. The aquaculture area partitioning member prevents fish that cause damage from entering the aquaculture area and eating young polyps, and the adhesion base water depth adjusting means is within the coral growth water depth range. It is for adjusting the water depth and avoiding damage caused by fish such as sea bream and competition with seaweed etc. In order to protect from damage caused by fish, the height from the sea floor is 200 cm or more, preferably 300 cm or more, In addition, in order to avoid competition with seaweeds, etc., the water depth is outside the seaweed growth depth zone.

  With respect to the aquaculture area partition member used in the present invention, at least plankton serving as coral food can freely enter from outside the area into the aquaculture area partitioned by the aquaculture area partition member, and at least a young polyp It is necessary to have a mesh size that allows fish such as bream and aigo to enter, and it is usually a net of 1 cm to 10 cm, preferably 3 cm to 7 cm. If this mesh size is smaller than 1 cm, the meshes are easily blocked by adhering organisms, which makes the maintenance troublesome. On the other hand, if the mesh size is larger than 10 cm, there is a possibility that relatively small fish that feed on small and young polyps may invade.

  As for this aquaculture area partitioning member, it is only necessary to suspend the aquaculture area of at least a predetermined width and depth by being suspended in the sea water of the natural sea area, and the material, shape, size, etc. In addition to being able to design appropriately according to the above, the bottom of the formed culture area may not be partitioned by the culture area partition member or may be partitioned. For example, when there is no risk that fish that cause damage will enter the culture area from below, the culture area partitioning member is placed at the bottom so as to surround only the periphery of the culture area with a predetermined width and depth. May be composed of only the open surrounding net, and if there is a risk that fish that cause food damage may enter the aquaculture area from below, You may have a bottom division net which divides the lower part of a field.

The shape of the aquaculture area partition member may be, for example, a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or a polygonal shape, and the size is usually cultured for several months. In view of handling and maintenance, the width is ² to 50 m ² , preferably 4 to 16 m ² and the depth is 0.3 to 2.0 m, preferably 0. The size should be able to form a culture area of about 5 to 1.0 m, and may be designed to form a plurality of culture areas having a size suitable for handling and maintenance. .

  In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the method for obtaining a culture tool having an adherent base on which the planula larvae have settled.For example, coral eggs and larvae are collected from an appropriate natural sea area where corals grow. Eggs and larvae are cultured in an indoor facility for a specified period of time, and then the planula larvae that have started to settle and settle are settled on the adhesion base, and one or more attachment bases on which the planula larvae have settled are suspended. Although it may be prepared by fixing to a holding means such as a string, it is preferably prepared by the following method.

  That is, in the sea water of the natural sea area, the surrounding partition part that partitions the predetermined width and depth using the above-described buoyancy imparting body and the bottom partition part that is provided at the lower end of the surrounding partition part and partitions the lower part A coral maritime nursery device is constructed by suspending the nursery area compartment member, and the coral eggs and larvae do not flow out to the outside by being isolated from the outside by the nursery area compartment member of the marine nursery equipment. A stage where a nursery area of a predetermined width and depth that can prevent food damage due to etc. is formed, coral eggs and larvae collected in advance in this nursery area are released, and the eggs and larvae begin to settle and settle Then, a large number of farming tool attachment bases are placed in this childcare area by suspending them with a holding means such as a hanging strap, and the planula larvae are attached to the attachment bases of these farming equipments. Settled on the adhesion base Later, the nursery area partition member constitutes a marine aquaculture apparatus coral replace the above farming region partitioning member, it is preferable continue to farming young polyps after planula larvae and transformation in the manner described above.

  In addition, when coral eggs and larvae are collected on the sea in the coral habitat area prior to the raising of the coral eggs and larvae collected above, the bottom compartment of the nursery area compartment member is formed to be openable and closable. As a result, when coral eggs and larvae are collected, the coral eggs and larvae are released and drooped to the upper vicinity of the target coral on the seabed. Eggs and larvae are blocked and isolated from the outside, and coral eggs and larvae do not flow out to the outside, and can form a nursery area with a predetermined width and depth that can prevent fish and other food damage. Thus, it is preferable that the collected eggs and larvae are continuously raised from the collection of coral eggs and larvae in the coral inhabiting sea area.

  By using such childcare area partition members and the above-mentioned culture area partition members, coral eggs and larvae are collected in the natural sea area, and the collected eggs and larvae are raised and settled on the adhesion base, and further attached. Planula larvae settled on the base and young polyps can be cultivated continuously and efficiently after transformation.

  About childcare area division member used for such purpose, it is suspended in seawater of natural sea area, and at least a predetermined width and depth are divided, and coral eggs and larvae do not flow out to the outside, Any material can be used as long as it can form a nursery area that can prevent damage caused by fish, etc., but the material of the coral eggs and larvae gathers near the water line of the area partition member that partitions the nursery area during the childcare and adheres to it. Since coral eggs and larvae are less likely to adhere, it is recommended to select a material such as a polyvinyl chloride sheet (polyvinyl chloride sheet) or a polyethylene sheet. Can prevent the outflow of coral eggs and larvae and can take in external seawater, preferably a water exchange net hole with a mesh size of 0.2 to 0.25 mm. It may be disposed.

  In addition, when coral eggs and larvae are raised using the above-mentioned childcare area division members, the buoyancy imparting body to which the childcare area division members are attached pumps seawater from outside the childcare area when raising eggs and larvae. It is preferable to provide a watering device for sprinkling water near the upper part of the waterline in the childcare area of the childcare area partitioning member, and this watering device can not only supply fresh seawater from the outside of the childcare area to the inside of the childcare area, but also childcare. Eggs and larvae that tend to gather in the vicinity of the waterline in the region can be reliably prevented from adhering to the upper part of the waterline in the nursery region and dying on the spot because they cannot return to the seawater and dry.

  The watering device is not particularly limited as long as it can spray water near the upper part of the waterline in the childcare area of the childcare area partition member. For example, a submersible pump or a water pump that pumps seawater, Exemplifying a member composed of a watering hose which is arranged at the upper part of the waterline in the childcare area of the member, connected to the submersible pump or pumping pump and having a number of nozzle holes provided at predetermined intervals. Can do.

  In the present invention, the period necessary to cultivate a young polyp that has settled on the adherent base and transformed from the planula larvae needs to be at least a hard tissue and a juvenile coral consisting of a group of two or more polyps. Yes, as the number of polyps increases and grows into large juvenile corals, it will be able to withstand the wear and tear caused by competition with seaweeds, sedimentation of floating mud, fish and rodents, etc. The longer it is, the better it can be determined appropriately according to the environment of the natural sea area where the aquaculture is carried out or the natural sea area of the relocation destination.

  That is, polyps that have settled on the adherent base and transformed from planula larvae become juvenile corals with a hard tissue with a diameter of about 2 mm in 2 to 3 months and can withstand the feeding damage of small arthropods such as lobsters. In addition, it becomes a juvenile coral with a size of about 10 mm in 5 to 6 months, and can withstand the damage caused by small fish, and more than 2 to 3 cm in diameter in 10 to 12 months. Since it becomes a juvenile coral and will be able to withstand the damage of fish such as sea bream and sea urchins and competition with seaweeds etc., it is better to decide in consideration of the environment of various natural sea areas to be relocated.

In the present invention, depending on the environment of the natural sea area that forms the aquaculture area, it may compete with the settlement of seaweeds, but when it competes with seaweeds, etc. About once, by washing off seaweeds etc. attached to the farming equipment with seawater, or by culturing at a depth outside the growth depth of the seaweeds etc. It can also respond to competition with seaweeds.
Furthermore, since the marine aquaculture apparatus of the present invention is floated on the sea by its buoyancy imparting body, it may be installed by towing to a natural sea area suitable for coral cultivation if necessary. If necessary, it can be towed to a safe place.

  According to the method and apparatus for coral aquaculture of the present invention, the young polyps that have settled on the adherent base and transformed from the planula larvae are grown into seaweeds of a certain size having hard tissue until the young polyps are grown into seaweeds. Because it is cultivated while protecting it from competition with other species, debris accumulation, and depletion due to food damage, it is possible to prevent as much as possible the loss of young polyps during this cultivation period, and the survival of corals after relocation to natural waters The rate can be drastically increased, and labor and costly relocation work performed on the bottom of natural seas is not wasted.

  In addition, according to this sea coral aquaculture method, starting with the collection of coral eggs and larvae in the coral habitat area, preparation of a culture device having a bottoming base with a planula larvae adhering to a natural area with a nursery area , Cultivated planula larvae settled on the adhesion base and young polyps after metamorphosis can be carried out continuously, and the coral eggs and larvae collected in the coral habitat water area are nurtured and cultivated to finally achieve high survival It can be relocated to the bottom of the natural sea area at a rate.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described based on examples shown in the accompanying drawings.

[Example 1]
FIG. 1 shows a coral marine aquaculture apparatus A according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This marine aquaculture apparatus A is basically composed of a buoyancy imparting body 1 floating on the sea in a natural sea area, and a square cylindrical surrounding partition net 4 that partitions the periphery with a predetermined width and depth. A plurality of attachment bases 6 are fixed to a culture region partition member 2 that suspends in a seawater by a buoyancy imparting body 1 and partitions a culture region AS having a predetermined width and depth, and a single suspension string 5. A plurality of culture tools 3 that are formed and suspended in the culture area AS by the hanging strap 5 are formed on the attachment base 6 and transformed from the planula larvae. Until the polyp becomes a juvenile coral with hard tissue and is relocated to the bottom of the natural sea, it can be cultivated in the sea of the natural sea.

  In the first embodiment, the buoyancy imparting body 1 is formed of a frame 1a framed in a square shape and four relatively long cylindrical buoys 1b attached to each side thereof. In addition, the aquaculture area partition member 2 is formed of a nylon net with a surrounding partition net 4 having a mesh of 4 cm, and a rectangular support frame 2a is provided on the upper part thereof. Weights 2b are provided at the lower ends of the four corners of the surrounding partition net 4 and are suspended. Then, by attaching the support frame 2a of the breeding region partition member 2 to the frame 1a of the buoyancy imparting body 1, the surrounding partition net 4 of the culture region partition member 2 is substantially straight from the buoyancy imparting body 1 into the seawater by the weight 2b. It can be hung on.

  Moreover, in this Example 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the culture tool 3 has one hanging string 5 and a total of eight attachments fixed to the hanging string 5. It is formed of a base 6 and a weight 7 attached to the lower end of the hanging strap 5, and each of the attached bases 6 has a size of 15 cm in length, 8 cm in width, and 3 cm in thickness by mortar. One of the surfaces (the surface on which the planula larvae settled) is formed in a groove for bottoming 6a having a size of width 1 cm × length 6 cm × depth 0.7 cm extending substantially in the center. 8 are formed, and at the upper and lower ends in the vertical direction, through holes 6b used for fixing to the hanging strap 5 are formed one by one, respectively, As shown in FIG. 4, the two are paired back to back by a hanging strap 5 and connected vertically in four stages. One hanging string 5 Total eight attachment base 6 is fixed.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the support frame 2a of the aquaculture region partition member 2 has a lattice formed of seven bars in the vertical direction and six bars in the horizontal direction. The upper ends of the hanging straps 5 of the culture tool 3 are fixed to the intersections of the lattice-like members 8, respectively, so that a total of 42 culture tools 3 are placed around the culture area partition member 2. It is suspended in the aquaculture area AS surrounded by the partition net 4.

In Example 1, the aquaculture area AS surrounded by the surrounding division net 4 of the aquaculture area division member 2 has a width of 16 m ² (length 4 m × width 4 m) and a depth of 1 m. Moreover, each farming tool 3 is suspended at intervals of 10 cm in the vertical direction and 50 cm in the horizontal direction.
In the first embodiment, for example, eggs and larvae are collected on each adhesion base 6 from, for example, slicks produced by simultaneous spawning of corals in the coral reef sea area, and are settled and settled indoors using an indoor water tank or the like. Planula larvae that have been raised until the start of the action are grounded in advance, and each culture tool 3 is formed using the seedlings and is suspended in the culture area AS defined by the area division member 2.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment, coral eggs and larvae collected from slicks, etc. are subjected to sedimentation and bottoming behavior indoors using an indoor aquarium or in natural waters using other childcare means. Care is taken until the start, and the planula larvae are settled on the attachment base 6, and the culture tool 3 is prepared by fixing eight of the attachment bases 6 on which the planula larvae have settled to one hanging string 5. Using a large number of farming tools 3 prepared in this way, while protecting the young polyps transformed from the planula larvae in the sea water in the natural sea area from competition with seaweeds, sedimentation of floating mud, depletion such as food damage, Since the young polyps are cultivated until they grow into juvenile corals of a certain size with hard tissue, the depletion during this cultivation period can be suppressed as much as possible, and the coral after being relocated to the bottom of the natural sea area to which it is to be relocated Can significantly increase the survival rate.

[Example 2]
5 to 7 show a coral marine childcare apparatus B used in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The marine childcare device B of the second embodiment has a total of eight floats attached to each side of the same rectangular frame 1a and the frame 1a as used in the marine aquaculture device A of the first embodiment. 1b and the upper end of the buoyancy imparting body 1 is attached to the frame 1a, and the upper part has a quadrangular peripheral section 11, and the lower end of the peripheral section 11 has the four sides. A childcare area partition member 10 having four rectangular bottom partition parts 12 that hang from the lower end edge and that is openable and closable below the childcare area BS formed by the surrounding partition part 11, and the childcare area partition member It is comprised with many culture tools (not shown) similar to the said Example 1 suspended in the childcare area | region BS which 10 divides.

  In this Example 2, the childcare area partition member 10 has a peripheral partition portion 11 and a bottom partition portion 12 formed of a vinyl chloride sheet, and coral eggs are formed on four side wall surfaces constituting the peripheral partition portion 11.・ Water exchange net holes 13 that can prevent the outflow of larvae are provided, and the bottom section 12 that can be opened and closed is opened when coral eggs and larvae are collected, and is the target of the seabed. It forms a collection area to collect coral eggs and larvae that hang down to the upper part of coral C and lay eggs and rise, and is blocked and isolated from outside when coral eggs and larvae are raised. It is designed to function as a childcare area BS for raising larvae.

  Moreover, each said culture tool was attached to the lower end of one hanging string, the some adhesion base fixed to this hanging string, and the hanging string similarly to the case of the said Example 1. Unlike the case of the first embodiment, the lattice-shaped member is detachable from the frame 1a of the buoyancy imparting body 1 to which the upper end of each suspension string is attached. (Refer to FIG. 1 of the first embodiment), and if necessary, connect the lowermost part with an appropriate means such as a rope or a rod so that the weight attached to the lower end of the hanging strap does not get entangled with each other. The whole can be attached to and detached from the frame 1a of the buoyancy imparting body 1 with a large number of farming tools attached to the lattice-like member.

  In the second embodiment, the four bottom partition portions 12 are provided with resin fasteners that can be used in water at each ridge side portion, and a weight 15 is provided at the lower end of one ridge side portion. Therefore, when coral eggs and larvae are collected, the fastener is opened above the target coral and the bottom compartment 12 is suspended to form a collection region for collecting eggs and larvae that are spawned and floated. At the same time, when raising coral eggs and larvae, the zipper is closed and the bottom section 12 is used as the bottom, and a childcare area BS for raising the collected coral eggs and larvae is formed.

  In the marine childcare device B of the second embodiment, the frame 1a of the buoyancy imparting body 1 has an underwater pump 14a that pumps seawater from the outside of the childcare region BS, and the childcare region section that forms the childcare region BS when used. A watering device 14 that is disposed at the upper part of the water line in the peripheral partition 11 of the member 10 and is connected to the submersible pump 14a and includes a watering hose 14b having a large number of nozzle holes provided at predetermined intervals. Water is sprayed near the upper part of the waterline in the childcare area BS formed by the surrounding partition part 11 of the childcare area partitioning member 10 at the time of coral egg / larvae childcare, and in the vicinity of the waterline in the childcare area BS. In addition to preventing eggs and larvae that tend to gather and adhere, fresh seawater can be supplied from outside the childcare area BS to the childcare area BS.

  Therefore, according to the marine childcare device B of the second embodiment, when coral eggs and larvae are collected, as shown in FIG. Towed up to the upper part of the seabed, moored the buoyancy imparting body 1 by means of ropes and toes, etc., opened the four bottom compartments 12 from the surrounding compartment 11 of the nursery area compartment 10 and opened the bottom of the seabed. The target coral C is hung down to the upper part of the target coral C, and a collection region for collecting the eggs and larvae that are spawned and floated is formed above the target coral C, and the coral is spawned.

  After coral egg laying is finished and coral eggs and larvae are collected in the nursery area BS formed by the surrounding compartments 11, the bottom compartment 12 of the nursery area compartment member 10 is closed as shown in FIG. A nursery area BS isolated from the outside is formed, and at the same time, eggs and larvae are raised while sprinkling water near the upper part of the waterline in the nursery area BS with the watering device 14. The coral eggs and larvae may be kept on the spot where the coral eggs and larvae are collected, or towed to a safe place if necessary, such as during strong winds. .

  When the planula larva grows up to a certain extent and begins to settle and settle down to find the bottoming place, the whole of the culturing tool 1 is attached to the lattice member with the above-mentioned many culture tools attached. It is attached to the frame 1a, and the attachment bases of these farming tools are suspended in the nursery area BS by the hanging straps, and it is waited for the planula larvae to settle on the respective attachment bases of the respective culture tools.

  After the number of swimming planula larvae has decreased and most of the planula larvae have settled on the adherent base, the nursery area compartment medulla 10 and the sprinkler 14 are removed from the buoyancy imparting body 1, and instead the buoyancy imparting body 1 A culture region partition member similar to that in Example 1 is attached to partition the culture region, and in the same manner as in Example 1 above, a young polyp that has settled on the adhesion base and transformed from the planula larvae is cultured. Raise the juvenile coral where there is no fear of food damage or competition in the sea water of the natural sea area, and then move it to the bottom of the natural sea area of the relocation destination.

  According to this Example 2, starting from the collection of coral eggs and larvae in the coral inhabiting sea area, the preparation of a culture tool having a grounding base to which the planula larvae adhered by dividing the nursery area BS in the natural sea area, It can be cultivated continuously until the young polyps transformed from the bottom and planula larvae to the base become juvenile corals with hard tissues.

According to the coral marine culture method and apparatus of the present invention, the young polyps are grown until the planula larvae that have settled on the adherent base have transformed into polyps and have grown into juvenile corals having a certain size. Protecting against competition from seaweeds, debris accumulation, loss of food damage, etc., thereby preventing as much as possible depletion of young polyps transformed from planula larvae, and coral survival rate after relocation to natural waters In addition to saving labor and costly relocation work performed on the sea floor in natural waters, coral eggs and larvae collected in coral habitats are nurtured and cultivated. Finally, it can be relocated to the bottom of natural waters with a high survival rate and has high industrial practical value.
The conventional coral aquaculture method grows coral fragments and damages natural healthy coral reefs. However, the method of the present invention uses sexual reproduction and damages natural coral reefs. There is no.

FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view showing a coral offshore aquaculture apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front explanatory view showing the adhesion base of the farming tool used in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the adhesion base of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a state where the adhesion bases of FIG. 2 are back to back.

FIG. 5 is a perspective explanatory view showing a coral offshore aquaculture device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a use state showing a state in which coral eggs and larvae are collected by the sea farming apparatus of FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a use state showing a state in which coral eggs and larvae are raised by the sea farming apparatus of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  A ... aquaculture device, AS ... aquaculture area, 1 ... buoyancy imparting body, 1a ... frame, 1b ... float, 2 ... aquaculture area partition member, 2a ... support frame, 2b, 7, 15 ... weight, 3 ... farming tool, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 4 ... Perimeter division net, 5 ... Hanging string, 6 ... Adhesion base, 6a ... Groove for bottoming, 6b ... Through-hole, 8 ... Lattice-like member, B ... Marine childcare device, BS ... Childcare area, 10 ... Childcare Area partition member, 11 ... Peripheral partition, 12 ... Bottom partition, 13 ... Water exchange net hole, 14 ... Sprinkler, 14a ... Submersible pump, 14b ... Sprinkler hose, C ... Target coral.

Claims (16)

  One or two or more attachment bases on which the planula larvae have settled are fixed to the holding means to form a culture device, and the culture base is attached to a buoyancy imparting body floated on the sea surface of the natural sea area, and the attachment base is removed from the sea floor. Protect the young polyps that have been transformed from the planula larvae by holding them at a predetermined height, and have transformed from the planula larvae with polyp protection means until they become juvenile corals with hard tissue and transferred to the seabed in the natural sea area. However, the method for aquaculture of corals is characterized by culturing in natural waters.   2. The coral offshore culture method according to claim 1, wherein the polyp protection means comprises a culture area partition member that suspends the buoyancy imparting body from the buoyancy imparting body into seawater in a natural sea area and partitions a culture area having a predetermined width and depth.   The coral sea culture method according to claim 2, wherein the aquaculture region partition member is a net having a mesh size of 1 cm or more and 10 cm or less.   2. The coral offshore culture method according to claim 1, wherein the polyp protection means is a depth adjustment of an attachment base that adjusts a water depth at which the attachment base of the culture tool is located in seawater.   A farming tool having an adhesion base on which the planula larvae have settled is suspended in the sea water of the natural sea area and is provided at the lower end of the peripheral section and the surrounding section that partitions the nursery area of a predetermined width and depth. In the nursery area divided by the nursery area partition member having a bottom compartment section that divides the lower part of the nursery area, the collected coral eggs and larvae are raised until the egg / larva begins to settle and settle. Then, the coral offshore culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is formed by disposing an attachment base of a culture tool in the nursery region and allowing a planula larva to settle on the attachment base.   The bottom section of the nursery area section member is opened when coral eggs and larvae are collected, and is suspended down to the vicinity of the target coral on the seabed to form a collection area for collecting the coral eggs and larvae that are raised and spawned. At the same time, the coral eggs and larvae are blocked and isolated from the outside, and the aquaculture area is formed to be openable and closable so that the culture area is a childcare area for raising coral eggs and larvae. The coral sea culture method according to claim 5, wherein the coral eggs and larvae are collected by the nursery region partition member above the target coral from which the eggs and larvae are collected.   The coral sea according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the means for holding the culture tool is a hanging string, and the culture tool is formed by fixing a number of attachment bases in series to one hanging string. Farming method.   The adhesion base is formed of a vertically long plate material made of concrete, mortar, or ceramics, and at least one side thereof is formed with a large number of irregularities for bottoming on which the planula larvae bottom. 8. The method for coral sea culture according to any one of items 7 to 9.   The attachment base has a large number of unevenness for bottoming formed on only one side surface. When forming a farming tool by being fixed to a hanging strap, the bottoming unevenness is fixed to each other and back to back. The coral sea culture method according to claim 8.   This is a coral marine aquaculture device that cultivates young polyps that have transformed from planula larvae on the basement of attachment to natural sea areas until they become juvenile corals with hard tissue and are transferred to the sea floor. A farming tool in which one or two or more attached bases that have settled on the ground are fixed to the holding means, and this cultured tool is attached and floated on the sea surface of the natural sea area. A buoyancy imparting body to be held in the sea, and a polyp protection means for protecting the young polyp while cultivating the young polyp transformed from the planula larvae on the adhesion base, apparatus.   A culture in which the polyp protection means has a peripheral partition section that partitions the periphery at least at a predetermined width and depth, and is suspended in seawater by a buoyancy imparting body to partition a culture area of the predetermined width and depth The coral offshore aquaculture apparatus according to claim 10, which is a region partition member.   The coral offshore aquaculture apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the aquaculture area partition member is a net having a mesh size of 1 cm to 10 cm.   The coral offshore aquaculture apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the polyp protection means is an adhesion base water depth adjustment means for adjusting a depth at which the attachment base of the culture tool is located in seawater.   The coral sea of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the holding means for the farming tool is a hanging string, and the farming tool is formed by fixing a number of attachment bases in series to one hanging string. Aquaculture equipment.   The adhesion base is formed of a vertically long plate material made of concrete, mortar, or ceramics, and at least one side thereof has a large number of irregularities for bottoming on which the planula larvae bottom. 14. The coral offshore aquaculture device according to any one of 14 above.   The attachment base has a large number of unevenness for bottoming formed on only one side surface. When forming a farming tool by being fixed to a hanging strap, the bottoming unevenness is fixed to each other and back to back. The coral offshore aquaculture device according to claim 15.

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