JP2005150075A - Alloy type thermal fuse and protecting device using it - Google Patents

Alloy type thermal fuse and protecting device using it Download PDF

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JP2005150075A
JP2005150075A JP2004109946A JP2004109946A JP2005150075A JP 2005150075 A JP2005150075 A JP 2005150075A JP 2004109946 A JP2004109946 A JP 2004109946A JP 2004109946 A JP2004109946 A JP 2004109946A JP 2005150075 A JP2005150075 A JP 2005150075A
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thermal fuse
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JP4297431B2 (en
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Noriyuki Maeda
憲之 前田
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NEC Schott Components Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an alloy type thermal fuse in which mechanical strength and processability are improved using lead-free soluble alloy friendly to environment to have excellent reliability in a range of operation temperature, 129-139°C. <P>SOLUTION: In this alloy type thermal fuse, electrode portions 27, 28 and 29 on an insulating substrate 21, which are connected to lead members 23, 24 and 25 led to outside as terminals, are welded with a lead free soluble alloy 22 consisting of 5-15 wt.% Sn, 0.5-4.5 wt.% Ag, 0.1-2.0 wt.% Bi, and In as a balance, and the surface of soluble alloy 22 is covered with flux for insulating package. The soluble alloy has a small temperature difference in a coexistense range of solid and liquid to contribute to improve reliability. Metal selected among Ni, Fe and Co as a element for suppressing interdiffusion with the electrodes of the lead members is added to the soluble alloy. A protecting device formed by combining the alloy type thermal fuse with a resistive heating element is also disclosed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、特定温度で溶融する感温材に有害金属鉛(Pb)フリーの可溶合金を用いた温度ヒューズで特に可溶合金と電極間の相互拡散を抑制する低抵抗の合金型温度ヒューズとそれを用いた保護装置に関する。また、すず(Sn)およびインジウム(In)を主要成分として機械的強度と加工性を向上させる金属を添加した鉛フリー可溶合金型温度ヒュ−ズと発熱抵抗素子とを組み合わせた保護装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a thermal fuse using a fusible alloy free of toxic metal lead (Pb) as a temperature-sensitive material that melts at a specific temperature, and in particular, a low-resistance alloy-type thermal fuse that suppresses mutual diffusion between the fusible alloy and the electrode. And a protection device using the same. The present invention also relates to a protective device in which a lead-free soluble alloy type temperature fuse added with a metal containing tin (Sn) and indium (In) as main components to improve mechanical strength and workability and a heating resistance element are combined.

電気・電子機器等の過熱損傷を保護する保護素子として、特定温度で動作して回路を遮断する温度ヒューズが使われている。温度ヒューズは使用する感温材によって感温ペレット型と可溶合金型とに分類される。可溶合金型温度ヒューズは所定温度で溶融する低融点可溶合金を用い、周囲温度の過熱上昇により低融点合金が溶断して回路を遮断する。特に、可溶合金型温度ヒューズは発熱用抵抗と併設して抵抗付き温度ヒューズとしての保護装置にも用いられる。この内、動作温度が134℃±5℃の可溶合金型温度ヒューズは、すず(Sn)、インジウム(In)および鉛(Pb)の3元合金を用い、その組成比はSn43〜53重量%、In24〜34重量%および残部が鉛(Pb)で用いられる。   A thermal fuse that operates at a specific temperature and shuts off the circuit is used as a protective element that protects against overheating damage in electrical and electronic equipment. Thermal fuses are classified into a temperature-sensitive pellet type and a fusible alloy type depending on the temperature-sensitive material used. As the fusible alloy type thermal fuse, a low melting point fusible alloy that melts at a predetermined temperature is used, and the low melting point alloy is blown by an overheating of the ambient temperature, thereby interrupting the circuit. In particular, a fusible alloy type thermal fuse is also used in a protective device as a temperature fuse with a resistor in combination with a heating resistor. Among these, a fusible alloy type thermal fuse with an operating temperature of 134 ° C. ± 5 ° C. uses a ternary alloy of tin (Sn), indium (In) and lead (Pb), and the composition ratio is Sn 43 to 53 wt%. , In 24-34% by weight and the balance is used with lead (Pb).

一方、温度ヒューズに用いる可溶合金は、特定の温度で球状溶断させる必要上、単一の溶融点を有する共晶合金組成で有害金属を含まないものが望まれる。これに対応するため、動作温度が約130℃付近で有害金属フリーの共晶組成物が特許文献1に開示されている。この場合Snが26〜30重量%、Agが0.1〜2.0
重量%および残部がInの3元合金組成で動作温度120〜135℃と広範囲である。また、特許文献2および特許文献3は感温素子と端子リ−ドを接続し、これを絶縁物のケ−スで蓋い、上記絶縁物のケ−スより端子リ−ドを導出する端部を封止してなる温度ヒュ−ズにおいて、感温素子に固液共存域を有し、その液相線温度と固相線温度との差が13℃未満の非共晶合金を用い、これを当該合金が接合し易いめっき材を部分めっきした端子リードのめっき部に接合し、端子リ−ド自体は当該合金が拡散し難い金属から成る鉛フリ−合金型温度ヒュ−ズにおいてIn50〜53重量%、Bi4.5〜6.5重量%、Cu0.1〜0.5重量%、Ag0.1〜0.5重量%で残部Snとするものであるが、その動作温度は100〜105℃とされている。
On the other hand, the fusible alloy used for the thermal fuse is desired to have a eutectic alloy composition having a single melting point and containing no harmful metals because it is necessary to blow the ball at a specific temperature. In order to cope with this, Patent Document 1 discloses a harmful metal-free eutectic composition at an operating temperature of about 130 ° C. In this case, Sn is 26 to 30% by weight, and Ag is 0.1 to 2.0.
The ternary alloy composition with the weight percent and the balance being In has a wide operating temperature range of 120 to 135 ° C. Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 connect a temperature sensing element and a terminal lead, cover the case with an insulator case, and lead out the terminal lead from the insulator case. In the temperature fuse formed by sealing the part, a non-eutectic alloy having a solid-liquid coexistence region in the thermosensitive element and having a difference between the liquidus temperature and the solidus temperature of less than 13 ° C. is used. This is joined to a plating portion of a terminal lead that is partially plated with a plating material that can easily be joined to the alloy, and the terminal lead itself is a lead-free alloy type temperature fuse made of a metal in which the alloy is difficult to diffuse. The remaining Sn is 53 wt%, Bi 4.5 to 6.5 wt%, Cu 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, Ag 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, but the operating temperature is 100 to 105 It is said to be ℃.

さらに、携帯情報端末の主電源として保存特性や耐漏液性に優れた高密度エネルギーのリチウムイオン二次電池が利用されているが、その安全性の確保に温度ヒューズが保護部品として使用される。一般に二次電池では過充電および過放電を防止するために復帰型と非復帰型の二重の保護回路を設けるのが望まれ、電池の電圧が所定の設定電圧を越えたとき充電電流を遮断する復帰型保護回路と、その保護回路が何らかの原因で作動せず電池電圧が異常に上昇したとき温度ヒューズを溶断する非復帰型保護回路とで安全性の高い保護装置を構成し、非復帰型保護回路で使用する温度ヒューズは、充電器と電池との間に直列接続した2個の可溶体ヒューズエレメントおよびこれらのエレメントと熱的に結合する抵抗発熱素子により構成された抵抗付き温度ヒューズであって、抵抗発熱素子は電池電圧を検知し電池電圧が設定値以上になるとオン信号を出力する電圧検出回路のオン信号で動作するようにしている。特許文献4が開示する抵抗内蔵型温度ヒューズはセラミック基板の表面側に低融点合金の温度ヒューズを装着し、裏面側に抵抗発熱素子を薄膜抵抗で形成して構成している。このような抵抗内蔵型温度ヒュ−ズは、上述する2次電池の非復帰型保護回路として組み込まれ過充電などの異常を検出した場合、温度ヒューズと熱結合させた発熱抵抗素子に通電させることにより抵抗を加熱し、強制的に可溶体エレメントを溶断して回路を遮断させる。通常、保護回路は充放電を制御するMOSFETなどのスイッチング素子を含むIC等の制御素子と共に絶縁基板上に搭載して構成される。
特開2003−013167号公報 特開2003−217415号公報 特開2003−249155号公報 特開2003−217416号公報
Furthermore, a high-density energy lithium ion secondary battery excellent in storage characteristics and liquid leakage resistance is used as a main power source of a portable information terminal, and a thermal fuse is used as a protective component to ensure its safety. In general, in secondary batteries, it is desirable to provide a reset circuit and a non-reset type protection circuit to prevent overcharge and overdischarge. When the battery voltage exceeds a preset voltage, the charging current is cut off. A highly safe protective device is configured with a resettable protection circuit that operates and a non-recoverable protection circuit that blows the thermal fuse when the battery voltage rises abnormally because the protection circuit does not operate for some reason. The thermal fuse used in the protection circuit is a resistive thermal fuse composed of two fusible fuse elements connected in series between the charger and the battery and a resistive heating element that is thermally coupled to these elements. The resistance heating element detects the battery voltage and operates with an on signal of a voltage detection circuit that outputs an on signal when the battery voltage exceeds a set value. Patent Document 4 discloses a resistance built-in type thermal fuse in which a low melting point alloy temperature fuse is mounted on the front side of a ceramic substrate, and a resistance heating element is formed of a thin film resistor on the back side. Such a built-in resistor type temperature fuse is incorporated as a non-recoverable protection circuit for the secondary battery described above, and when an abnormality such as overcharge is detected, the heating resistor element thermally coupled to the temperature fuse is energized. The resistance is heated by forcibly cutting the fusible element and cutting off the circuit. Usually, the protection circuit is configured to be mounted on an insulating substrate together with a control element such as an IC including a switching element such as a MOSFET for controlling charging and discharging.
JP 2003-013167 A JP 2003-217415 A JP 2003-249155 A JP 2003-217416 A

従来の3元合金組成は人体に有害な重金属Pb(鉛)を10重量%以上も含有する有害物質であり、これが使用された電気・電子機器として廃棄された場合、雨水などの作用により有害金属が溶出し、地下水等に深刻な汚染をもたらして地球環境上の問題を提起している。有害金属にはPb以外にもカドミウム(Cd)も知られているが、こうした有害金属を含まない可溶合金、いわゆるPbフリーの可溶合金の開発が望まれている中で特許文献1ないし特許文献3に記載されるPbフリーの可溶合金は、動作温度上の制約や電気抵抗値のバラツキが大きくなるなどの問題があった。また、組成上In含有量が多いため合金線材が軟らかく、加工や組み立て時に線形が変形し易く、そのために温度ヒューズの工法上の制約が多かった。それゆえ、組立て作業が容易で動作温度のバラツキを小さくする動作温度134±5℃前後の温度ヒューズとそれを用いた保護装置の提供が求められていた。   The conventional ternary alloy composition is a hazardous substance containing 10% by weight or more of heavy metal Pb (lead) harmful to the human body. When it is discarded as an electrical / electronic device in which it is used, it is harmful metal due to the action of rainwater, etc. Leached, causing serious pollution of groundwater and so on, raising the problems of the global environment. In addition to Pb, cadmium (Cd) is also known as a harmful metal. However, it is desired to develop a soluble alloy that does not contain such a harmful metal, that is, a so-called Pb-free soluble alloy. The Pb-free fusible alloy described in Document 3 has problems such as restrictions on operating temperature and large variations in electric resistance. In addition, because of the high In content in the composition, the alloy wire is soft, and the alignment is easily deformed during processing and assembly, and there are many restrictions on the construction method of the thermal fuse. Therefore, it has been demanded to provide a thermal fuse having an operating temperature of around 134 ± 5 ° C. that can be easily assembled and reduce variations in operating temperature, and a protection device using the thermal fuse.

温度ヒューズ用可溶合金として、共晶組成物以外の組成では、固相線温度以上の温度で合金は溶け始め、液相線温度で完全に液状に溶融する。このときの固相線温度と液相線温度の差である固液共存域を可能な限り小さくした合金組成を選択することが重要であることが判明しており、温度ヒューズを一定の温度でバラツキなく溶断させるためには、この固液共存域を10℃未満にすることが望まれる。加えて、温度ヒューズの制御機器への実装においては、電源回路に直列に接続されることが多く、温度ヒューズの内部抵抗値は長期の高温保管によっても変化せず8.0×10−7Ω・m以下であることが、省エネルギーの面や動作温度の安定性の面から望まれ、特に温度ヒューズとしての組立構造上の機械的強度は、合金線径φとリード線径φがそれぞれ0.6〜0.7mmの標準的温度ヒューズの場合、可溶合金とリードとの接合部で1kgf/mm以上の強度が望まれる。 As a fusible alloy for a thermal fuse, in a composition other than the eutectic composition, the alloy starts to melt at a temperature equal to or higher than the solidus temperature, and completely melts at a liquidus temperature. It has been found that it is important to select an alloy composition in which the solid-liquid coexistence zone, which is the difference between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature at this time, is as small as possible. In order to melt and melt without variation, it is desirable that this solid-liquid coexistence region be less than 10 ° C. In addition, when mounting a thermal fuse on a control device, it is often connected in series to a power supply circuit, and the internal resistance value of the thermal fuse does not change even after long-term storage at high temperatures of 8.0 × 10 −7 Ω. -M or less is desired from the viewpoint of energy saving and the stability of the operating temperature. Especially, the mechanical strength of the assembly structure as a thermal fuse is 0. In the case of a standard thermal fuse of 6 to 0.7 mm, a strength of 1 kgf / mm 2 or more is desired at the joint between the fusible alloy and the lead.

一方、セラミック基板上に形成した銀・白金Ag‐Pt電極間に可溶合金を溶接する際、インジウムを主要成分とする場合、動作温度より低い状態、例えば125℃での保管時や製作工程中または機器に装着されて正規使用中に中間層が生成されることである。この様な中間層は電極の導電性を害したり、溶接部にクラックなどを生じることがあった。結果的には温度ヒューズの抵抗値が増大して動作を鈍くしたりする。こうした現象はInAg2が中間層として形成されるためと考えられるが、こうした中間層の生成を阻止する提案が望まれている。 On the other hand, when welding a fusible alloy between silver and platinum Ag-Pt electrodes formed on a ceramic substrate, if indium is the main component, the temperature is lower than the operating temperature, for example during storage at 125 ° C. or during the manufacturing process. Or it is attached to the device and the intermediate layer is generated during regular use. Such an intermediate layer may impair the conductivity of the electrode or cause a crack or the like in the weld. As a result, the resistance value of the thermal fuse increases and the operation becomes dull. Such a phenomenon is thought to be because InAg 2 is formed as an intermediate layer, but a proposal to prevent the generation of such an intermediate layer is desired.

したがって、本発明は上記の欠陥に鑑みて提案されたものであり、有害金属を使用せず環境にやさしい感温材を用いた鉛フリー可溶合金を用いてリード部材の電極部との相互拡散を抑止する温度ヒューズを提供することであり、特に、動作温度が134℃±5℃で比抵抗値の低いインジウムを主要成分として用いた鉛フリー可溶合金型温度ヒューズを提供することにある。また、当該動作温度帯の溶融特性を損なうことなく適度な機械的強度を可溶合金に付与させて加工時の取り扱いを容易にしつつ製品では安定した動作特性を有する新規且つ改良された合金型温度ヒューズおよびこの合金型温度ヒューズを発熱抵抗素子と共に用いた保護装置の提供を目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned defects, and it is a mutual diffusion with the electrode portion of the lead member using a lead-free soluble alloy using a temperature-sensitive material that does not use harmful metals and is environmentally friendly. In particular, it is to provide a lead-free fusible alloy type thermal fuse using indium having a low specific resistance value at an operating temperature of 134 ° C. ± 5 ° C. as a main component. Also, a new and improved alloy mold temperature that has stable operating characteristics in the product while imparting appropriate mechanical strength to the fusible alloy without impairing the melting characteristics of the operating temperature range and facilitating handling during processing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a protection device using the fuse and this alloy type thermal fuse together with a heating resistance element.

本発明によれば、感温材であるフラックスの被覆された可溶合金を一対のリード部材の電極部間に接続し、リード部材のターミナル導出部を除いて絶縁容器または絶縁材で気密封着パッケージした温度ヒューズにおいて、可溶合金はすず(Sn)およびインジウム(In)を主要成分とする鉛フリー可溶合金からなり、ニッケル(Ni)、鉄(Fe)およびコバルト(Co)からなる元素群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を電極部または鉛フリー合金に付加することで可溶合金と電極部との相互拡散を抑止し、それにより中間層の生成を阻止する合金型温度ヒューズが提供される。ここで鉛フリー可溶合金はすず(Sn)が5〜15重量%、銀(Ag)が0.5〜4.5重量%、ビスマス(Bi)が0.1〜2.0重量%、および残部がインジウム(In)の組成比の範囲内で選定することを特徴とし、さらにはリード部材の電極部は銀・白金(Ag・Pt)にニッケル(Ni)を含む金属メッキ層を形成して鉛フリー可溶合金と電極部との間に中間層の生成を阻止することを特徴とする合金型温度ヒューズを開示する。   According to the present invention, a fusible alloy coated with a flux, which is a temperature sensitive material, is connected between the electrode portions of a pair of lead members, and is hermetically sealed with an insulating container or an insulating material except for the terminal lead-out portions of the lead members. In the packaged thermal fuse, the fusible alloy is composed of a lead-free fusible alloy mainly composed of tin (Sn) and indium (In), and the element group composed of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and cobalt (Co). By adding at least one element selected from the above to an electrode part or a lead-free alloy, an alloy-type thermal fuse is provided that inhibits mutual diffusion between the fusible alloy and the electrode part, thereby preventing the formation of an intermediate layer. The Here, the lead-free soluble alloy is tin (Sn) 5 to 15 wt%, silver (Ag) 0.5 to 4.5 wt%, bismuth (Bi) 0.1 to 2.0 wt%, and The balance is selected within the range of the composition ratio of indium (In). Furthermore, the electrode part of the lead member is formed by forming a metal plating layer containing nickel (Ni) on silver / platinum (Ag / Pt). Disclosed is an alloy-type thermal fuse that prevents the formation of an intermediate layer between a lead-free soluble alloy and an electrode portion.

また、相互拡散を抑止するために付加する元素としては、好ましくはニッケルであり、ニッケルNiを含む金属メッキ層としてニッケル(Ni)、ニッケル燐(Ni・P)またはニッケル硼素(Ni・B)のいずれかを選択することができるが、そのメッキ厚さは1μm以上とするのが好ましく、それにより中間層の生成防止に寄与する。そして鉛フリー可溶合金と抵抗発熱素子とを組み合わせて合金型温度ヒューズとした回路構成の保護装置を提供する。 The element to be added to suppress mutual diffusion is preferably nickel, and the metal plating layer containing nickel Ni is nickel (Ni), nickel phosphorus (Ni · P), or nickel boron (Ni · B). Either one can be selected, but the plating thickness is preferably 1 μm or more, thereby contributing to prevention of formation of the intermediate layer. A protection device having a circuit configuration in which a lead-free soluble alloy and a resistance heating element are combined to form an alloy-type thermal fuse is provided.

すなわち、電極部とスル−ホ−ルを有する配線パタ−ンを形成した絶縁基板の片面に互いに近接の配置空間で上述の合金型温度ヒューズの可溶合金と抵抗発熱素子とをそれぞれ所定のパタ−ン電極部とはんだ接続した保護装置が提供される。この場合の絶縁基板はプリント板としてガラス繊維にエポキシ樹脂を含浸させた汎用のガラスエポキシ基板を使用し、その低熱伝導率特性を活かし実装部品の高密実装によるはんだ付けを実現して小型・集約化を図り、安価な材料と作業簡素化によってローコスト化の保護装置が提供される。さらにまた、温度ヒューズを動作温度を異にした2個のエレメントにより構成して、一方をメイン動作回路、他方をサブ制御回路に接続して利用する特定した回路構成の保護装置が提供される。 That is, the above-described alloy type temperature fuse soluble alloy and resistance heating element are respectively placed in a predetermined pattern in an arrangement space close to each other on one surface of an insulating substrate on which a wiring pattern having an electrode portion and a through hole is formed. A protective device solder-connected to the electrode part is provided. In this case, a general-purpose glass epoxy board in which glass fiber is impregnated with epoxy resin is used as the printed board, and by utilizing its low thermal conductivity characteristics, soldering by high-density mounting of the mounted components is realized, making it compact and integrated. Therefore, a low-cost protection device is provided by inexpensive materials and simplified operations. Furthermore, there is provided a protection device having a specified circuit configuration in which a thermal fuse is constituted by two elements having different operating temperatures, one being connected to a main operation circuit and the other being connected to a sub-control circuit.

本発明は動作温度129〜139℃の感温材として、5〜15重量%のSnにAgとBiおよび微量金属を添加し、残部80〜95重量%のInからなる鉛フリー合金系を主要組成に用い、添加する微量金属で電極との相互拡散作用を抑止した固液共存域の温度範囲を10℃未満、好ましくは5℃以下のPbフリーの可溶合金である。すなわち、SnおよびInからなる主要組成に第3組成物として、溶断動作を阻害しない範囲で適量のAgおよびBiを加え、本来は塑性が大きく変形し易いインジウム系合金で、129〜139℃付近の溶融特性を損なうことなく適度な機械的強度を付与して加工時の取り扱いを容易にし、動作温度の信頼性と安定性を向上させる温度ヒューズを実現する。加えて、情報機器の電池電源の充電パック用保護装置では、134℃前後で確実に作動するように2個の異なる動作温度の可溶合金のヒューズエレメントを使用した高精度の安全性を確保するなどの利点がある。   The present invention is a temperature-sensitive material having an operating temperature of 129 to 139 ° C. The main composition is a lead-free alloy system comprising Ag, Bi and a trace metal added to 5 to 15 wt% of Sn and the balance of 80 to 95 wt% of In. A Pb-free soluble alloy having a solid-liquid coexistence temperature range of less than 10 ° C., preferably 5 ° C. or less, in which the mutual diffusion action with the electrode is suppressed by the added trace metal. That is, an appropriate amount of Ag and Bi is added as a third composition to the main composition composed of Sn and In as long as the fusing operation is not hindered. A thermal fuse that provides appropriate mechanical strength without compromising melting characteristics, facilitates handling during processing, and improves the reliability and stability of the operating temperature. In addition, the battery pack protection device for the battery power supply of information equipment ensures high-precision safety using two fusible alloy fuse elements with different operating temperatures so as to operate reliably at around 134 ° C. There are advantages such as.

また、絶縁基板上の銀・白金(Ag・Pt)電極間にインジウム主体の可溶合金を溶接する場合、ニッケルメッキ等の相互拡散抑止手段を付加したので、動作温度以下の使用・保管または製作工程中の中間層生成が抑止され低抵抗で良好な導電性を維持する鉛フリー合金型温度ヒューズを提供する。従って、温度ヒューズの抵抗値が増大して動作を鈍くしたりすることもなく、常に安定な動作を確保するなどの信頼性向上に役立ち有害金属を使用せず環境にやさしい合金型温度ヒュ―スおよびそれを用いた保護装置が提供される。 In addition, when welding insoluble alloys mainly composed of indium between silver and platinum (Ag / Pt) electrodes on an insulating substrate, interdiffusion suppression means such as nickel plating has been added, so it can be used, stored or manufactured at operating temperatures or lower. Provided is a lead-free alloy type thermal fuse that suppresses generation of an intermediate layer during the process and maintains good conductivity with low resistance. Therefore, the resistance value of the thermal fuse does not increase and the operation is not slowed down, and it helps improve reliability, such as ensuring stable operation at all times. It is an environmentally friendly alloy type temperature fuse that does not use harmful metals. And a protection device using the same.

可溶合金を一対のリード部材の電極部間に接続し表面にフラックスを被着して絶縁ケースに収納し、リード部材を気密シールして導出する温度ヒューズにおいて、可溶合金はPbを含まずIn、SnおよびAgおよびBiを含む合金からなり、Snの組成比を5〜15重量%の範囲内として、これに適量範囲のAgおよびBiを添加すると共に可溶合金と電極部との相互拡散を抑止するNi、Fe、Coの元素群から選択される微量の金属の添加またはメッキ層を付加してなる。上記金属は、好ましくはNiであってメッキ層として用い、ニッケル(Ni)以外にニッケル燐(Ni・P)またはニッケル硼素(Ni・B)のいずれかでもよいが、メッキ厚さは1μm以上として使用する。なお、上記組成範囲を逸脱すると所定温度での溶断動作の安定性が損なわれ製品化が困難となる。 In a thermal fuse in which a fusible alloy is connected between the electrode parts of a pair of lead members, flux is deposited on the surface and housed in an insulating case, and the lead member is hermetically sealed, the fusible alloy does not contain Pb It is made of an alloy containing In, Sn and Ag and Bi. The Sn composition ratio is within the range of 5 to 15% by weight, and an appropriate amount of Ag and Bi is added thereto, and the mutual diffusion between the fusible alloy and the electrode part is performed. It is formed by adding a trace amount of metal selected from a group of elements of Ni, Fe, and Co that suppresses or adding a plating layer. The metal is preferably Ni and is used as a plating layer. In addition to nickel (Ni), either nickel phosphorus (Ni · P) or nickel boron (Ni · B) may be used, but the plating thickness should be 1 μm or more. use. In addition, when it deviates from the said composition range, stability of the fusing operation | movement at predetermined temperature will be impaired, and commercialization will become difficult.

また、絶縁基板に上記気密パッケージした合金型温度ヒューズを抵抗発熱素子と互いに熱的結合状態を維持するよう配置する保護装置において、絶縁基板がガラスエポキシ樹脂等の低熱伝導率物質からなりその片面側に近接して配置する構造、あるいは絶縁基板がセラミック基板でその表面側に合金型温度ヒューズの鉛フリー可溶合金を、裏面側に抵抗発熱素子として薄膜抵抗を配置形成する構造を開示する。 Also, in the protective device in which the alloy type thermal fuse, which is hermetically packaged on the insulating substrate, is arranged so as to maintain a thermal coupling state with the resistance heating element, the insulating substrate is made of a low thermal conductivity material such as a glass epoxy resin, on one side thereof Or a structure in which an insulating substrate is a ceramic substrate, a lead-free fusible alloy of an alloy-type thermal fuse is disposed on the front surface side, and a thin film resistor is disposed on the back surface side as a resistance heating element.

一方、上述する本発明の鉛フリー可溶合金は異なる動作温度で2個のヒューズエレメントとしての可溶合金を使用して抵抗発熱素子と同一絶縁基板上に配置・搭載した保護装置が提供される。この場合、絶縁基板がガラスエポキシ樹脂等の低熱伝導率物質からなり、絶縁基板の片面に鉛フリー可溶合金と抵抗発熱素子とを熱的結合するよう近接して配置したことを特徴とする保護装置、あるいは、絶縁基板がセラミック基板でその裏面に薄膜抵抗を形成して発熱抵抗とし、セラミック基板の表面側に合金型温度ヒューズの鉛フリー可溶合金を配置して熱的結合させた保護装置が提供される。さらには、合金型温度ヒューズは溶断する動作温度が異なる2個ヒューズエレメントから成り、一方のエレメントをメイン動作回路、他方のエレメントをサブ制御回路に接続配置する回路構成を特徴とする保護装置が提案され、メイン動作回路の一方のエレメントはサブ制御回路の他方のエレメントに比べ動作温度を低く設定し、それによりサブ制御回路のダメージを防止する保護装置も開示する。 On the other hand, the lead-free fusible alloy of the present invention described above is provided with a protective device arranged and mounted on the same insulating substrate as the resistance heating element by using fusible alloys as two fuse elements at different operating temperatures. . In this case, the insulating substrate is made of a low thermal conductivity material such as a glass epoxy resin, and the protection is characterized in that the lead-free soluble alloy and the resistance heating element are arranged in close proximity to one side of the insulating substrate so as to be thermally coupled. Device or protective device in which insulating substrate is ceramic substrate and thin film resistor is formed on its back surface to make heat generating resistor, lead type fusible alloy of alloy type thermal fuse is placed on the front side of ceramic substrate and thermally coupled Is provided. Furthermore, an alloy-type thermal fuse is composed of two fuse elements with different operating temperatures to be fused, and a protective device is proposed that features a circuit configuration in which one element is connected to the main operating circuit and the other element is connected to the sub-control circuit. Also disclosed is a protective device in which one element of the main operation circuit is set to have a lower operating temperature than the other element of the sub control circuit, thereby preventing damage to the sub control circuit.

以下、図面を参照して本発明に係る合金型温度ヒューズの実施例について説明する。   Embodiments of an alloy type thermal fuse according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図1はアキシャルタイプの可溶合金型温度ヒューズの断面を示す。この温度ヒューズは、一対のリ−ド部材1、2の先端電極部に本発明の特徴とするSn5〜15重量%、Agが0.5〜4.5重量%、Biが0.1〜2.0重量%、および残部がInの範囲内の組成からなる鉛フリー可溶合金3を抵抗溶接により接合する。可溶合金3の表面にはロジン、ワックスおよび活性剤からなるフラックス4が被覆され、アルミナ等のセラミック碍管からなる絶縁容器5に収容される。次いで、この絶縁容器5の両端部にエポキシ樹脂等からなる封止樹脂6、7により気密封着してパッケージされた合金型温度ヒューズを構成する。なお、リ−ド部材1、2はSnメッキ銅線が使用されるがその電極部にはNiメッキ層を形成している。このメッキ層は必要に応じてニッケル(Ni)以外にニッケル燐(Ni・P)またはニッケル硼素(Ni・B)のいずれかでも良く、厚さ1μm以上のメッキ層とする。それにより鉛フリー可溶合金とリード部材の電極部との相互拡散が抑止され、中間層の生成を阻止できる。なお、中間層はInAgが生成されたものである。   FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an axial type fusible alloy type thermal fuse. In this thermal fuse, Sn 5 to 15 wt%, Ag 0.5 to 4.5 wt%, and Bi 0.1 to 2 are characterized in the tip electrode portions of the pair of lead members 1 and 2. A lead-free soluble alloy 3 having a composition in the range of 0.0% by weight and the balance within In is joined by resistance welding. The surface of the fusible alloy 3 is coated with a flux 4 made of rosin, wax and an activator, and is housed in an insulating container 5 made of a ceramic soot tube made of alumina or the like. Next, an alloy type thermal fuse packaged by hermetically sealing with sealing resins 6 and 7 made of epoxy resin or the like at both ends of the insulating container 5 is configured. In addition, although the lead members 1 and 2 use Sn plating copper wire, Ni plating layer is formed in the electrode part. If necessary, this plating layer may be nickel phosphorus (Ni · P) or nickel boron (Ni · B) in addition to nickel (Ni), and the plating layer has a thickness of 1 μm or more. Thereby, mutual diffusion between the lead-free soluble alloy and the electrode portion of the lead member is suppressed, and the generation of the intermediate layer can be prevented. The intermediate layer is made of InAg.

次に、鉛フリー可溶合金を用いた合金型温度ヒューズを抵抗発熱素子と組み合わせて構成した保護装置の実施例について図2を参照しつつ説明する。この保護装置は専らリチウム電池電源用充放電回路において動作温度134℃±5℃の保護装置として利用される。図2に示す保護装置は、アルミナセラミック基板12の表面側に動作温度の異なる2個の温度ヒューズエレメント14、16を配置し、裏面側に抵抗発熱素子としての薄膜抵抗18を形成し、両者を配線パターンとスルーホールを利用して接続した保護回路を形成する。すなわち、アルミナセラミック基板12に搭載した第1の温度ヒューズエレメント14は表面ターミナルを介してメイン動作回路に接続され、第2の温度ヒューズ16はスルーホールを介して裏面側の薄膜抵抗18と直列に接続され、サブ制御回路に接続される。このアルミナセラミック基板12はスルーホールの導出用ターミナルx、yおよびzがあり、x−yのメイン動作回路とy−zのサブ制御回路を備える。ここで、ヒューズエレメントの鉛フリー可溶合金はその表面にフラックスが被着されると共にメイン動作回路に接続の第1のヒューズエレメント14はサブ制御回路に接続の第2のヒューズエレメント16に比べ動作温度を低く設定することを特徴し、それにより、サブ制御回路の保護に役立てることができる。さらに、このような回路構成は、従来のように2個の温度ヒューズエレメントをメイン動作回路に直列に接続する場合に比べ、ヒューズエレメントの長さを実質上半減して回路抵抗を小さくするので回路損失を減らし得るので、特に充放電パック回路の場合には電池のランタイムを延長するなどの実用的効果がある。   Next, an embodiment of a protection device configured by combining an alloy type thermal fuse using a lead-free fusible alloy with a resistance heating element will be described with reference to FIG. This protection device is exclusively used as a protection device having an operating temperature of 134 ° C. ± 5 ° C. in a charge / discharge circuit for a lithium battery power source. In the protective device shown in FIG. 2, two temperature fuse elements 14 and 16 having different operating temperatures are arranged on the front surface side of the alumina ceramic substrate 12, and a thin film resistor 18 as a resistance heating element is formed on the back surface side. A protection circuit connected by using the wiring pattern and the through hole is formed. That is, the first thermal fuse element 14 mounted on the alumina ceramic substrate 12 is connected to the main operation circuit via the surface terminal, and the second thermal fuse 16 is connected in series with the thin film resistor 18 on the back surface side through the through hole. Connected to the sub-control circuit. This alumina ceramic substrate 12 has through-hole derivation terminals x, y, and z, and includes an xy main operation circuit and a yz sub-control circuit. Here, the lead-free fusible alloy of the fuse element is coated with flux on the surface, and the first fuse element 14 connected to the main operation circuit operates in comparison with the second fuse element 16 connected to the sub-control circuit. It is characterized by setting the temperature low, which can help to protect the sub-control circuit. Furthermore, such a circuit configuration reduces the circuit resistance by substantially halving the length of the fuse element as compared to the conventional case where two thermal fuse elements are connected in series to the main operating circuit. Since the loss can be reduced, particularly in the case of a charge / discharge pack circuit, there is a practical effect such as extending the runtime of the battery.

図3はさらに別の実施例であり、絶縁基板21上に鉛フリー可溶合金22を搭載した保護装置を示している。この実施例の保護装置は絶縁基板21の表面側にプリント配線された電極部23、24、25が形成されており、全体が絶縁パッケージ26で気密封着して構成される。一方、絶縁基板21の裏面側には薄膜抵抗からなる発熱抵抗発熱素子(図示せず)と導出用リード部材27、28、29が形成されている。これらのリード部材27、28、29はそれぞれ表面側の電極部23、24、25に導通スルーホールを介在して電気的に結合されており、実施例2に示す導出用ターミナルx、y、zと同様にメイン動作回路とサブ制御回路に接続され、充放電パック回路に利用される。ここで絶縁基板21の表面に形成の電極部23、24、25には可溶合金22がその両端部と中央部が溶接して配置されるが、これらの電極部はAg‐Pt+Niの厚さ1μm以上のメッキ層により形成される。一方、可溶合金22はIn−2Ag−10Sn−0.5Bi組成の鉛フリー可溶合金が使用された。このような構成は、Niメッキによる表面改質により比抵抗の低いInの使用で低抵抗で信頼性の高い鉛フリー可溶合金型温度ヒューズを提供する。なお、この組成の可溶合金についての融点測定では固相線温度132℃、液相線温度135℃、DSCピーク温度136℃であり、Agの含有量に応じて動作温度の調整ができることを確認している。 FIG. 3 shows still another embodiment, and shows a protection device in which a lead-free soluble alloy 22 is mounted on an insulating substrate 21. The protective device of this embodiment is formed with electrode parts 23, 24, 25 printed on the surface side of the insulating substrate 21, and the whole is hermetically sealed with an insulating package 26. On the other hand, a heating resistance heating element (not shown) made of a thin film resistor and lead-out lead members 27, 28, 29 are formed on the back side of the insulating substrate 21. These lead members 27, 28, and 29 are electrically coupled to the surface side electrode portions 23, 24, and 25 through conductive through holes, respectively, and lead terminals x, y, and z shown in the second embodiment. In the same manner as above, it is connected to the main operation circuit and the sub control circuit, and is used for the charge / discharge pack circuit. Here, the electrode parts 23, 24, and 25 formed on the surface of the insulating substrate 21 are arranged with the fusible alloy 22 welded at both ends and the center part, and these electrode parts have a thickness of Ag-Pt + Ni. It is formed by a plating layer of 1 μm or more. On the other hand, as the fusible alloy 22, a lead-free fusible alloy having an In-2Ag-10Sn-0.5Bi composition was used. Such a configuration provides a lead-free fusible alloy type thermal fuse with low resistance and high reliability by using In having low specific resistance by surface modification by Ni plating. In the melting point measurement of the soluble alloy having this composition, the solidus temperature was 132 ° C, the liquidus temperature was 135 ° C, the DSC peak temperature was 136 ° C, and it was confirmed that the operating temperature could be adjusted according to the Ag content. doing.

有害金属Pbフリーの可溶合金型温度ヒューズは安定した動作を発揮するものとして広く電気機器の安全性を確保する保護素子として、また抵抗発熱素子との組合せによる保護装置として使用される。特に、この鉛フリー合金型温度ヒューズを絶縁基板に搭載して構成する保護装置はリチウム2次電池の制御回路で効果的に利用される。   Hazardous metal Pb-free fusible alloy-type thermal fuses are widely used as protective elements that ensure stable operation and as a protective device in combination with resistance heating elements. In particular, a protection device constructed by mounting this lead-free alloy type thermal fuse on an insulating substrate is effectively used in a control circuit for a lithium secondary battery.

本発明に係る実施例の鉛フリー可溶合金を用いた合金型温度ヒューズの断面図である。(実施例1)It is sectional drawing of the alloy type thermal fuse using the lead-free soluble alloy of the Example which concerns on this invention. (Example 1) 同じく別の実施例の合金型温度ヒューズを用いた保護装置である表面側(a)の平面図および裏面側(b)の平面図である。(実施例2)It is the top view of the surface side (a) which is a protection device using the alloy type thermal fuse of another Example, and the top view of the back surface side (b). (Example 2) 同じくさらに別の実施例である合金型温度ヒューズを用いた保護装置の平面斜視図である。(実施例3)It is a top perspective view of a protection device using an alloy type thermal fuse which is still another example. Example 3

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1、2 リ−ド部材
3 鉛フリー可溶合金
4 フラックス(ロジン、ワックス、活性剤)
5 絶縁容器(ケース)
6、7 気密封着樹脂(エポキシ封止樹脂、樹脂キャップ)
10 保護装置
12 セラミック基板
14、16 温度ヒューズエレメント(2個に分割の鉛フリー可溶合金)
18 薄膜抵抗
21 絶縁基板
22 鉛フリー可溶合金
23、24、25 電極部(AgPt+Niメッキ層)
26 パッケージ
27、28、29 リード部材
x、y、z 導出用ターミナル(リード部材)



1, 2 Lead member 3 Lead-free soluble alloy 4 Flux (rosin, wax, activator)
5 Insulation container (case)
6, 7 Hermetic sealing resin (epoxy sealing resin, resin cap)
10 Protection device 12 Ceramic substrate 14, 16 Thermal fuse element (lead-free fusible alloy divided into two)
18 Thin film resistor 21 Insulating substrate 22 Lead-free soluble alloy 23, 24, 25 Electrode (AgPt + Ni plating layer)
26 Package 27, 28, 29 Lead member x, y, z Deriving terminal (lead member)



Claims (9)

感温材の可溶合金を一対のリード部材の電極部間に接続し、前記リード部材の導出部を除いて絶縁容器または絶縁材で気密パッケージした温度ヒューズにおいて、前記可溶合金はすず(Sn)およびインジウム(In)を主要成分とする鉛フリー可溶合金からなり、ニッケル(Ni)、鉄(Fe)およびコバルト(Co)からなる元素群から選択される少なくとも一種の元素を前記電極部または前記鉛フリー合金に付加して相互拡散を抑止した合金型温度ヒューズ。 In a temperature fuse in which a fusible alloy of a temperature sensitive material is connected between the electrode parts of a pair of lead members and hermetically packaged with an insulating container or an insulating material except for the lead part of the lead member, the fusible alloy is tin (Sn ) And indium (In) as a main component, a lead-free soluble alloy, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and cobalt (Co) An alloy type thermal fuse added to the lead-free alloy to suppress mutual diffusion. 前記鉛フリー可溶合金はすず(Sn)が5〜15重量%、銀(Ag)が0.5〜4.5重量%、ビスマス(Bi)が0.1〜2.0重量%、および残部がインジウム(In)の組成比の範囲内で選定したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の合金型温度ヒューズ。 The lead-free soluble alloy contains 5 to 15% by weight of tin (Sn), 0.5 to 4.5% by weight of silver (Ag), 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of bismuth (Bi), and the balance. The alloy type thermal fuse according to claim 1, wherein is selected within a range of a composition ratio of indium (In). 相互拡散の抑止に付加する元素がNiであり、前記電極部をAg・Pt+Niを含む金属メッキ層で形成して前記鉛フリー可溶合金と前記電極部との間の中間層生成を阻止することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の合金型温度ヒューズ。 The element added to the suppression of interdiffusion is Ni, and the electrode part is formed of a metal plating layer containing Ag · Pt + Ni to prevent intermediate layer formation between the lead-free soluble alloy and the electrode part. The alloy-type thermal fuse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 前記金属メッキ層がNi、Ni・PまたはNi・Bのいずれかを選択して厚さ1μm以上のメッキ層としたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の合金型温度ヒューズ。 4. The alloy-type thermal fuse according to claim 3, wherein the metal plating layer is selected from Ni, Ni.P, or Ni.B to be a plating layer having a thickness of 1 .mu.m or more. 請求項1乃至4に記載の合金型温度ヒューズの前記鉛フリー可溶合金を抵抗発熱素子とを互いに熱的結合状態を維持して絶縁基板上に配置したことを特徴とする保護装置。 5. A protective device, wherein the lead-free fusible alloy of the alloy type thermal fuse according to claim 1 is disposed on an insulating substrate while maintaining a thermal coupling state with a resistance heating element. 前記絶縁基板がガラスエポキシ樹脂等の低熱伝導率物質からなり、前記絶縁基板の片面に前記鉛フリー可溶合金と前記抵抗発熱素子とを熱的結合するよう近接配置したことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の保護装置。 The insulating substrate is made of a low thermal conductivity material such as a glass epoxy resin, and the lead-free soluble alloy and the resistance heating element are arranged in close proximity to one surface of the insulating substrate so as to be thermally coupled. 5. The protective device according to 5. 前記絶縁基板がセラミック基板でその表面側に前記鉛フリー可溶合金、裏面側に前記抵抗発熱素子である薄膜抵抗を配置したことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の保護装置。 6. The protective device according to claim 5, wherein the insulating substrate is a ceramic substrate, and the lead-free soluble alloy is disposed on the front surface side, and the thin film resistor which is the resistance heating element is disposed on the back surface side. 前記鉛フリー可溶合金は溶断する動作温度が異なる2個のヒューズエレメントから成り、一方のエレメントをメイン動作回路、他方のエレメントをサブ制御回路にそれぞれ接続するターミナルを設けたことを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の保護装置。 The lead-free fusible alloy is composed of two fuse elements having different operating temperatures for fusing, and provided with terminals for connecting one element to a main operating circuit and the other element to a sub-control circuit. Item 8. The protective device according to Item 6 or 7. 前記メイン動作回路に接続の前記一方のエレメントは前記サブ制御回路に接続の前記他方のエレメントに比べ動作温度を低く設定したことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の保護装置。


9. The protection device according to claim 8, wherein the one element connected to the main operation circuit has an operating temperature set lower than that of the other element connected to the sub-control circuit.


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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010172903A (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-08-12 Nec Schott Components Corp Thermosensitive material and method for manufacturing the same, thermal fuse, and circuit protection element
JP2011154868A (en) * 2010-01-27 2011-08-11 Kyocera Corp Resistor temperature fuse
KR101090111B1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2011-12-07 주식회사 엑사이엔씨 Heater using paste composition
JP2012038638A (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-23 Kyocera Corp Ceramic fuse and ceramic fuse package
US8472158B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2013-06-25 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
US9025295B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-05-05 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device and protective module
US9129769B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-09-08 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
WO2018096926A1 (en) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Battery module

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010172903A (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-08-12 Nec Schott Components Corp Thermosensitive material and method for manufacturing the same, thermal fuse, and circuit protection element
KR101090111B1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2011-12-07 주식회사 엑사이엔씨 Heater using paste composition
US8472158B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2013-06-25 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
US8675333B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2014-03-18 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
US9025295B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-05-05 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device and protective module
US9129769B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-09-08 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
US9336978B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2016-05-10 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
JP2011154868A (en) * 2010-01-27 2011-08-11 Kyocera Corp Resistor temperature fuse
JP2012038638A (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-23 Kyocera Corp Ceramic fuse and ceramic fuse package
WO2018096926A1 (en) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Battery module
JPWO2018096926A1 (en) * 2016-11-22 2019-10-17 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Battery module

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