JP2005126990A - Cooling device of working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling device of a working machine capable of improving a backward view of construction machinery such as a hydraulic shovel or the like. <P>SOLUTION: A cooling fan 11 is provided to an engine room 7 backward of an operating room 4, and an inter-cooler 12, a radiator 13 and an oil cooler 14 are consecutively provided sideways of the cooling fan 11 over the longitudinal direction of the body. A height of the inter-cooler 12 placed in the backmost section of the engine room 7 is lowered than the heights of the radiator 13 and the oil cooler 14 and, at the same time, the height of the rear end section of an engine room cover 6 is lowered in accordance to the shapes of heat exchangers 12 to 14. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooling device for a work machine having a heat exchanger such as a radiator or an oil cooler.

  Generally, in construction machines such as work machines, particularly hydraulic excavators, a heat exchanger such as a radiator or an oil cooler and a cooling fan that blows cooling air to the heat exchanger are disposed in the engine room behind the driver's seat. With regard to the arrangement of these cooling devices, there is known one in which a radiator and an oil cooler are connected in the vehicle front-rear direction (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-105983 A

  By the way, in recent years, construction sites in narrow areas such as urban areas are increasing. In such a field, it is necessary to reduce the turning radius, and for this purpose, it is necessary to arrange the cooling device without waste in a limited space of the engine room without increasing the size of the turning body in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. On the other hand, high-power engines tend to be used for construction machinery, and the engine heat load tends to increase due to an increase in engine output. Therefore, in order to cope with an increase in the heat load, the cooling performance must be improved, and there is a layout restriction to increase the size of the heat exchanger.

  When arranging a heat exchanger in an engine room under such a situation, the height of the heat exchanger tends to increase. However, when the height of the heat exchanger is increased, the rear view from the cab is hindered and workability is deteriorated.

A work machine cooling device according to the present invention is disposed in an engine room at the rear of a cab and is provided with a cooling fan that sucks air into the engine room, and is installed in the engine room in the front-rear direction of the fuselage. A heat exchanger that cools a predetermined cooling medium by replacement, and the heat exchanger is provided such that a height of a portion located at a rear of at least a predetermined position away from the cab is lowered. .
The upper part of the engine compartment is covered with a cover, and the heat exchanger is provided so that the height of the part located at the rear of at least a predetermined position away from the cab is lowered, and according to the height of this heat exchanger, A cover may be formed so as not to obstruct the rear view from the cab.
A plurality of heat exchanger units may be connected to the engine room in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage. In this case, at least the height of the heat exchanger unit located at the rearmost part is made lower than the height of the other heat exchanger units, or at least the height of the part located behind the predetermined position is gradually increased from the front to the rear of the fuselage. It is preferable to incline the upper end surface so as to be lower.
A plurality of heat exchanger units may be juxtaposed in the engine room over the width of the fuselage. In this case, it is preferable to incline the upper end surface so that the height gradually decreases from the front to the rear of the aircraft.
A counterweight may be provided at the rear end of the machine body of the work machine so that the height of the rear end of the heat exchanger is at least higher than the counterweight. The driver's cab and the engine compartment can also be provided on a revolving body that can be revolved.

  According to the present invention, the heat exchanger is erected in the engine room behind the cab, and the height of the portion located at least behind the predetermined position away from the cab of the heat exchanger is lowered. Therefore, the rear view can be improved efficiently.

-First embodiment-
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a cooling device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is an external side view of a hydraulic excavator having a cooling device according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a top view. The hydraulic excavator includes a traveling body 1, a revolving body 2 that is turnably mounted on the traveling body 1, and a work device 3 that is rotatably supported by a front portion of the revolving body 2. An operator cab 4, an engine compartment 7, and a counterweight 5 are mounted on the lower frame 8 at the bottom of the revolving structure 2. The cab 4 is arranged on the side of the working device 3, the engine compartment 7 is arranged behind the cab 4, and the counterweight 5 is arranged behind the engine compartment 7, that is, at the rear end of the revolving unit 2. . The engine room 7 is surrounded by a building cover 7a, and an openable engine room cover 6 is attached to the upper part. The engine compartment cover 6 is for opening the engine compartment 7 when inspecting or cleaning parts in the engine compartment 7.

  3 is a vertical cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along the line III in FIG. 1) showing the configuration of the main part in the engine compartment 7, particularly the front-rear direction of the fuselage. FIG. It is a direction sectional view (IV sectional view of Drawing 2). An engine 9 is disposed horizontally in the center of the engine chamber 7 over the vehicle width direction. An axial flow type cooling fan 11 driven by the engine 9 is disposed on the side of the engine 9. An air inflow port is opened in the cover 7 a on the side of the cooling fan 11, and air is sucked into the engine compartment 7 through the air inflow port by driving the cooling fan 11. The sucked air flows as cooling air in the engine compartment 7 and flows out from the air outlet.

  An oil cooler 14, a radiator 13, and an intercooler 12 are erected on the side of the cooling fan 11 so as to face the cooling fan 11. The oil cooler 14, the radiator 13, and the intercooler 12 each constitute a heat exchanger unit, and these heat exchanger units 12 to 14 are connected in the vehicle longitudinal direction. In other words, the cooling fan 11 is arranged in parallel with the flow of the cooling air. A shroud 23 that forms an air passage from the heat exchangers 12 to 14 to the cooling fan 11 is provided between the heat exchangers 12 to 14 and the cooling fan 11. Although illustration is omitted, the engine chamber 7 is also provided with a hydraulic pump, a control valve, a fuel tank, and the like.

  Each of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 has an elongated rectangular shape in the vertical direction, and tanks (upper tanks 12a to 14a and lower tanks 12b to 14b) are provided at the upper end and the lower end, respectively. Shield plates 21 and 22 are provided between the upper tanks 12a to 14a and the engine compartment cover 6, and between the lower tanks 12b to 14b and the lower frame 8, respectively. As a result, the upstream and downstream spaces of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are partitioned, the flow of cooling air bypassing the heat exchangers 12 to 14 is blocked, and the air that has passed through the heat exchangers 12 to 14 It is prevented from going around the upstream side of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 and passing through the heat exchangers 12 to 14 again.

  Pipings 15 and 16 are connected to the side surfaces of the tanks 12a and 12b of the intercooler 12, respectively. Pipings 17 and 18 are connected to the side surfaces of the tanks 13a and 13b of the radiator 13, and the tanks 14a and 14b of the oil cooler 14 are connected. Pipings 19 and 20 are connected to the side surfaces, respectively. The cooling medium is guided to the heat exchangers 12 to 14 through the pipes 15 to 20, and the cooling medium is cooled by heat exchange with the cooling air. That is, the air from the supercharger 10 is cooled in the intercooler 12, the engine coolant from the engine 9 is cooled in the radiator 13, and the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic equipment is cooled in the oil cooler 14.

  The arrangement of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 will be described in more detail. In the present embodiment, the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are continuously provided in the lateral space of the engine 9 in the vehicle front-rear direction with no gaps in order to shorten the length of the revolving structure 2 in the front-rear direction as much as possible. That is, the front end portion of the intercooler 12 and the rear end portion of the radiator 13 are in contact with each other, and the front end portion of the radiator 13 and the rear end portion of the oil cooler 14 are in contact with each other. In addition, the rear end portion of the intercooler 12 is in contact with the rear side wall 7 </ b> R of the engine compartment 7. The rear side wall 7 </ b> R is formed adjacent to the front side of the counterweight 5.

  The heat exchangers 12 to 14 are supported by a bracket 8a provided on the lower frame 8, and the positions (heights) of the lower end surfaces of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are the same. On the other hand, the positions of the upper end surfaces of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 do not coincide with each other, and the height of the intercooler 12 is lower than the height of the radiator 13 and the oil cooler 14 and higher than the height of the counterweight 5. ing. That is, the height of the heat exchanger (intercooler 12, radiator 13) located behind the predetermined position becomes lower as the distance from the cab 4 increases.

  Corresponding to the height of the intercooler 12, the height of the rear end portion of the engine compartment cover 6 is also low as shown by the solid line in FIG. Specifically, the position of the rear end corner portion 6a of the engine compartment cover 6 is shifted forward in the horizontal direction from the dotted line, and the rising of the inclined surface 6b at the rear end is gentle. 3 is the shape of the cover 6 when the height of the intercooler 12 is not lowered (when the height is the same as that of the radiator 13 and the oil cooler 14).

  L1 and L2 in FIG. 1 are lines of sight when the rear end corner 6a of the engine compartment cover 6 is viewed from the cab 4. Note that L1 is a line of sight when the rear end corner portion 6a of the cover 6 has the solid line shape of FIG. 3, and L2 is a line of sight when the cover 6 has a dotted line shape. As shown in FIG. 1, L1 is below L2. As a result, the driver can view the range closer to the vehicle from the cab 4 and the rear view is improved.

  According to the above cooling device, when the cooling fan 11 rotates by driving the engine 9, air is sucked into the engine chamber 7 from the outside of the engine chamber 7 through the air inlet, and the sucked air is intercooler 12, The flow is diverted to the radiator 13 and the oil cooler 14, respectively. As a result, heat is exchanged between the cooling air and the cooling medium flowing through the heat exchangers 12 to 14, and the intake air, engine cooling water, and hydraulic oil of the engine 9 that are the cooling medium are cooled.

  Here, the size (area of the fin portion) of each of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 is determined according to the cooling request of the cooling medium, and the intercooler 12 is the smallest. Therefore, in order to improve the rear field of view without increasing the turning radius, it is most effective to arrange the intercooler 12 at the rearmost part of the engine compartment 7 and to reduce the height of the intercooler 12. Air that has passed through the heat exchangers 12 to 14 is blown out of the cooling fan 11 and flows around the engine 9. The surface of the engine 9 is cooled by this air flow.

  By the way, the hydraulic excavator is used in a site with a lot of dust such as a building demolition work site. In such a field, the fins of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are likely to be clogged, and if the clogging is continued and the operation is continued, there is a risk of problems such as overheating of the engine due to a decrease in the cooling performance of the heat exchanger. . Therefore, it is necessary to frequently clean the heat exchangers 12 to 14 to avoid this.

  In the present embodiment, when the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are cleaned, the engine compartment cover 6 is opened and air blow or the like is performed toward the heat exchangers 12 to 14. In this case, since the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged in parallel with the flow of the cooling air, there are gaps on the upstream side of the heat exchangers 12 to 14, respectively. 12 to 14 can be easily cleaned. In this regard, for example, when the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged in series with respect to the flow of the cooling air, since the gap between the heat exchangers is small, air blowing cannot be performed unless the heat exchanger is removed, and cleaning is performed. It takes a lot of work. When the gap between the heat exchangers is increased, a partition member or the like for preventing cooling air from leaking from the gap is required separately, and the cost increases due to an increase in the number of parts.

According to the cooling device of the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The intercooler 12, the radiator 13, and the oil cooler 14 are connected to the engine chamber 7 in the vehicle front-rear direction so that the height of the intercooler 12 is lower than the height of the radiator 13 and the oil cooler 14, and the intercooler. Therefore, the height of the rear end portion of the engine compartment cover 6 is lowered. Accordingly, it is possible to widen the rear view from the cab 4 while suppressing an increase in the turning radius. Therefore, the hydraulic excavator according to the present embodiment can also be used at a site where the turning radius cannot be increased, such as a construction site in a narrow area.
(2) Since the intercooler 12, the radiator 13, and the oil cooler 14 are arranged in parallel with the flow of the cooling air, the fins of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are exposed when the engine compartment cover 6 is opened. In addition, the heat exchangers 12 to 14 can be easily cleaned.
(3) Since the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged in parallel with the flow of the cooling air, low-temperature air is blown to the heat exchangers 12 to 14, respectively, and the heat exchange efficiency is good. On the other hand, for example, when the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged in series, the air whose temperature has risen due to heat exchange is sent to the downstream heat exchanger, so the heat exchange efficiency of the downstream heat exchanger is low. As a result, it is necessary to increase the number of rotations of the cooling fan 11 to increase the amount of cooling air, which increases noise.
(4) Since the height of the intercooler 12 is set higher than the height of the counterweight 5, the height of the intercooler 12 is not lowered more than necessary, and the cooling efficiency is improved and the rear view is secured. Can be compatible.

  In the above, the height of the intercooler 12 located at the rearmost part in the engine compartment 7 is lowered. However, not only the heat exchanger at the rearmost part but also the heights of other heat exchangers are adjusted from the cab. You may make it low, so that it leaves. In this case, it is preferable to gradually lower the height of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 from the front of the machine body to the rear, and the radiator 13 may be lower than the oil cooler 14 and the intercooler 12 may be lower than the radiator 13.

-Second Embodiment-
A second embodiment of the cooling device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the following description, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the shape of the heat exchanger, particularly the intercooler 12.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of components in the vehicle longitudinal direction in the engine compartment 7. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the location same as FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper tank 120a of the intercooler 12 is formed to be inclined in the vehicle front-rear direction. That is, the height of the front end portion of the intercooler 12 is equal to that of the radiator 13 and the oil cooler 14, and the height of the rear end portion of the intercooler 12 is substantially equal to that of the counterweight 5. Thereby, the fin area of the intercooler 12 becomes larger than that of FIG. 3, the amount of cooling air to the intercooler 3 is increased, and the cooling efficiency can be increased.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, the upper end portion of the intercooler 12 is inclined so that the height gradually decreases from the front to the rear. That is, since the height of the heat exchanger (intercooler 12) located behind the predetermined position is gradually lowered as the distance from the cab is increased, the intercooler 12 is maximized inside the engine compartment cover 6. be able to. As a result, a sufficient cooling effect by the intercooler 12 can be obtained without deteriorating the rear view.

  In the above description, only the upper end surface of the intercooler 12 located at the rearmost part in the engine chamber 7 is inclined, but not only the rearmost heat exchanger but also the upper end surfaces of other heat exchangers are inclined. May be provided. In this case, it is preferable to incline the upper end surface so that the height of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 gradually decreases from the front to the rear of the machine body.

-Third embodiment-
A third embodiment of the cooling device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the following description, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the arrangement of the heat exchangers 12 to 14. That is, in the first embodiment, the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are continuously arranged in the vehicle front-rear direction, but in the third embodiment, they are arranged in parallel in the vehicle width direction.

  FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a schematic configuration in the engine compartment 7, and FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view. FIG. 6 also shows the cab 4. The intercooler 12, the radiator 13, and the oil cooler 14 are erected in the longitudinal direction of the machine body, and these are arranged in parallel in the machine body width direction on the side of the cooling fan 11. That is, the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged in series with respect to the flow of the cooling air. In addition, the order of arrangement | positioning of the heat exchangers 12-15 is not restricted to what was shown in the figure.

  The upper end surfaces of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are inclined in the vehicle front-rear direction. That is, the height of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 is gradually lowered from the front to the rear of the vehicle behind the predetermined position (front end). The engine compartment cover 6 is also gradually lowered in the vehicle front-rear direction according to the shape of the heat exchangers 12-14. As a result, the view from the cab 4 is hardly blocked by the cover 6 as shown in FIG. 6, and the rear view is expanded. In this case, the height of the front end portions of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 can be increased to such an extent that the view from the cab 4 is not obstructed, thereby ensuring a sufficient fin area. In other words, by increasing the height of the front end as much as the height of the rear end of the heat exchangers 12 to 14, a fin area comparable to that obtained by horizontally forming the upper end surface of the heat exchanger is obtained. It is done.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged in parallel in the body width direction, and the upper end surfaces of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are formed to be inclined in the front-rear direction. Thus, the rear view can be improved. In connection with this, the safety | security with respect to back can be improved.

  In designing the shape of the heat exchanger, for example, the engine compartment cover 6 is formed along the line of sight (L3 in FIG. 6) from the cab 4 to the upper end of the counterweight 5 so as to be within the cover 6. What is necessary is just to determine the shape of the heat exchangers 12-14. At this time, the size (fin area) of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 may be determined in consideration of the cooling performance of the heat exchangers 12 to 14, and the shape of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 is not limited to the above embodiment. Various types can be adopted.

  In the above embodiment, the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are each erected in the longitudinal direction of the machine body, but may be erected in an oblique direction. That is, the longitudinal direction of the aircraft of the present invention includes not only a purely longitudinal direction but also an oblique direction. 5 and 6, the upper end surfaces of the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are inclined in the front-rear direction of the machine body. The number and arrangement of the heat exchanger units 12 to 14 are not limited to those described above. That is, the number of heat exchangers may be one, two, or four or more. Moreover, when arrange | positioning three or more heat exchangers 12-14, you may combine parallel arrangement | positioning and series arrangement | positioning. The engine chamber cover 6 that can be opened and closed is provided at the upper part of the heat exchangers 12 to 14, but if the upper cover is formed corresponding to the height shape of the heat exchangers 12 to 14, the engine chamber cover 6 is You may provide other than upper part. Although the axial flow fan 11 is used as the cooling fan, a sirocco fan may be used. Although the cover 6 that can be opened and closed is provided on the upper portion of the engine chamber 7, such an openable and closable cover 6 may be provided on a portion other than the upper portion of the engine chamber 7, and the cover 6 may be omitted. As long as the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are provided so that the height of the part located at least behind the predetermined position becomes lower as the distance from the cab 4 increases, the predetermined position is not limited to the position described above.

  Although the cooling device of the above embodiment is applied to a hydraulic excavator, it can be similarly applied to other work machines in which the heat exchangers 12 to 14 are arranged at positions that obstruct the view from the cab 4. . That is, the present invention can be applied to a work machine that does not have the swivel body 2.

1 is a side view of a hydraulic excavator to which the present invention is applied. 1 is a top view of a hydraulic excavator to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view (a cross-sectional view taken along the line III in FIG. 1) showing the main configuration of the cooling device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view (a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV in FIG. 2) showing the main configuration of the cooling device according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows the principal part structure of the cooling device concerning 2nd Embodiment. The vertical direction sectional view showing the important section composition of the cooling device concerning a 3rd embodiment. The horizontal direction sectional view showing the important section composition of the cooling device concerning a 3rd embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Revolving body 4 Driver's cab 5 Counterweight 6 Engine room cover 7 Engine room 9 Engine 11 Cooling fan 12 Intercooler 13 Radiator 14 Oil cooler

Claims (7)

A cooling fan that is arranged in the engine compartment behind the cab and sucks air into the engine compartment;
A heat exchanger that is erected in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage in the engine room and cools a predetermined cooling medium by heat exchange with air from the cooling fan,
The heat exchanger is provided with a cooling device for a working machine, wherein a height of a portion located at a rear of at least a predetermined position away from the cab is lowered. The cooling device for a work machine according to claim 1,
The engine room is covered with a cover at the top,
The heat exchanger is provided so that a height of a portion located at a rear side of at least a predetermined position away from the cab is lowered, and a rear side of the cab from the cab according to the height of the heat exchanger. A cooling device for a working machine, wherein the cover is formed so as not to obstruct visibility. The work machine cooling device according to claim 1 or 2,
The heat exchanger is composed of a plurality of units provided in the engine compartment, and these heat exchanger units are continuously provided in the engine compartment over the longitudinal direction of the fuselage,
A cooling device for a work machine, characterized in that the height of at least the heat exchanger unit located at the rearmost portion is lower than the height of other heat exchanger units. The work machine cooling device according to claim 1 or 2,
The heat exchanger is composed of a plurality of units provided in the engine room, and these heat exchanger units are connected to the engine room over the front-rear direction of the fuselage,
At least the heat exchanger unit located at the rearmost part is formed with an upper end surface inclined so that the height gradually decreases from the front to the rear of the machine body. The work machine cooling device according to claim 1 or 2,
The heat exchanger is composed of a plurality of units provided in the engine compartment, and these heat exchanger units are juxtaposed in the engine compartment across the width of the fuselage, and the heat exchanger unit is at least behind a predetermined position. A working machine cooling device, wherein an upper end surface is formed to be inclined so that a height of a portion located in the lower part gradually decreases from the front to the rear of the body. In the cooling device of the working machine of any one of Claims 1-5,
Has a counterweight at the rear end of the aircraft,
The cooling device for a working machine, wherein a height of a rear end portion of the heat exchanger is at least higher than the counterweight. The work machine cooling device according to claim 6,
The operating room and the engine room are provided in a revolving body that can revolve.

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