JP2005046684A - Treatment method of soluble organic matter-containing liquid - Google Patents

Treatment method of soluble organic matter-containing liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005046684A
JP2005046684A JP2003204338A JP2003204338A JP2005046684A JP 2005046684 A JP2005046684 A JP 2005046684A JP 2003204338 A JP2003204338 A JP 2003204338A JP 2003204338 A JP2003204338 A JP 2003204338A JP 2005046684 A JP2005046684 A JP 2005046684A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid
activated sludge
soluble organic
membrane
foaming
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JP2003204338A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tsuguhito Itou
世人 伊藤
Toshio Otake
要生 大竹
Koichi Tan
浩一 旦
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To sharply reduce the occurrence risk of trouble by solving a subject from the aspect of efficiency and stability accompanying the membrane filtration or oxygen supply possessed by a membrane separation activated sludge method, in a method for efficiently treating organic matter contained in a soluble organic matter-containing liquid and an apparatus therefor. <P>SOLUTION: In the treatment method for the soluble organic matter-containing liquid, the soluble organic matter-containing liquid is treated with activated sludge and the treated liquid is filtered using an ultrafiltration membrane or a precise filter membrane to obtain a filtrate. In this case, the foaming of activated sludge is accelerated to separate and remove foams produced as a result. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、産業廃水や下水などの溶解性有機物含有液に含まれる有機物を、効率的に処理するための方法および装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
廃水等の溶解性有機物含有液(以下、説明の便宜のため廃水という)は、一般に、曝気槽と沈殿槽とで構成される活性汚泥法により処理されてきた。この方式は、比較的安価に廃水を処理可能であるが、重力沈降方式という固液分離上の制約から処理槽内に活性汚泥を高濃度に保持できず、一般に処理スペースが広くなるという問題があった。また、重力沈降方式では、汚泥の沈降性が悪化し汚泥を清透水と分離できない状態、いわゆるバルキングが発生し、処理上重大な障害がもたらされるという問題があった。
【0003】
近年は、固液分離を重力沈降方式で行うことに起因する上述の問題点を解決するために、精密ろ過膜または限外ろ過膜を用いて固液分離を行う膜分離活性汚泥法が普及し始めている(特許文献1など)。本方式では、処理槽内に活性汚泥を高濃度に保持でき、また、沈殿槽も不要となるため、処理スペースのコンパクト化が可能であり、処理水質も改善するなどのメリットがある。そして、活性汚泥法におけるバルキングの心配もなく、汚泥の沈降性に関係なく清透度の高い良好な処理水が得られる。
【0004】
しかしながら一方で、処理条件の変動などやその他の何らかの原因によって、急に、汚泥の粘性が増し、泡立ちがひどくなり、その結果、急激に膜が目詰まりしたり、酸素供給効率が低下するなどのトラブルに至ることがあった。このようなトラブルに見舞われた場合は、消泡剤を添加してそれを抑制したり、また、膜を洗浄もしくは交換するとともに、性状の悪化した汚泥を抜き出した後に新たに性状のよい汚泥を投入したり、追加投入を行わない場合でも負荷を下げた条件で性状の回復を待つ必要があり、運転安定性の面で課題があった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】特開平8−24597号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、膜分離活性汚泥法が有する膜ろ過や酸素供給に付随する効率、安定性面での上記課題を解決することを目的とする。すなわち、上記の様なトラブルの発生リスクをなくすあるいは大幅に下げることを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するため鋭意研究した結果、我々は、膜分離活性汚泥法でみられる目詰まりや酸素供給効率低下につながる原因物質は、様々な物質であると考えられるが多くは泡の構成成分になっていることを見出した。通常、泡が発生したら消泡剤などを添加するなどそれを抑制しようとする対策が考えられるが、原因物質そのものは残存するため、本質的にリスクがとり除かれたとはいえない。
【0008】
本発明は、このように泡の発生を押さえ込もうとするのでなく、逆に発泡を促進しその結果生じた泡を分離、除去することで、槽内のトラブル原因に最も寄与する物質の濃度を低レベルに維持し、膜分離活性汚泥法の運転安定性向上を図るものである。
【0009】
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、次のとおりを特徴とするものである。
(1)溶解性有機物含有液を曝気しながら微生物により処理し、限外ろ過膜または精密ろ過膜を用いて膜ろ過して濾過液を得るに際し、活性汚泥液の発泡を促進してその結果生じた泡を分離除去することを特徴とする溶解性有機物含有液の処理方法。
(2)曝気量を一時的に激しくすることで発泡を促進する、上記(1)記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理方法。
(3)溶解性有機物含有液を微生物処理する活性汚泥液を貯留するとともに活性汚泥液に対する曝気手段を備えた処理槽と、限外ろ過膜または精密ろ過膜を備えた膜ろ過手段と、活性汚泥液の発泡を促進する発泡促進手段と、その結果生じた泡を分離除去する泡分離除去手段とを有することを特徴とする溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。
(4)発泡促進手段が、散気装置と、活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出している板状構造物および中空状構造物の少なくとも1つとを備えている、上記(3)に記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。
(5)泡分離除去手段が、活性汚泥液を貯留する槽の液面表層の泡を分離除去するスクリーン、布、網、板、活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出している板状構造物、および活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出している中空状構造物の少なくとも1つを備えている、上記(3)または(4)に記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。
(6)前記ろ過膜を活性汚泥液を貯留する処理槽内に配置し、その処理槽外に前記発泡促進手段を設けてなる、上記(3)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明について、廃水などの溶解性有機物含有液は、たとえば図1に示す処理装置において処理される。
【0011】
図1に示す溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置は、溶解性有機物含有液を微生物で好気処理する処理槽1と、溶解性有機物含有液と微生物との混合液(活性汚泥液)を精密ろ過または限外ろ過する膜分離装置3と、膜分離に必要な圧力を付与する吸引ポンプ4とを有している。膜分離装置3は、処理槽1の内部に配置されており、さらに処理槽1の内部には、膜分離装置3の下方に散気装置2が設けられている。
【0012】
膜分離装置3は、経済性の観点から、ろ過速度が高くコンパクト化が可能で、メンテナンスが容易である精密ろ過膜、限外ろ過膜がモジュール化されたものを用いる。膜の形状としては平膜、中空糸膜等、いずれの形態も用いられ、モジュールの形態も特に限定されないが、本実施態様においては省スペース化のため浸漬型の膜モジュールを使用している。なお、浸漬型の場合は、散気装置2や撹拌装置との組合せ、配置により、ファウリング物質がうまく除去できるような形状にすることが好ましい。さらに、膜分離装置3におけるろ過方法としては、クロスフロー方式や全量ろ過方式があるが、クロスフロー方式を採用すれば膜面の汚れを取りながらろ過できる。
【0013】
散気装置2(曝気手段)は、通常運転時には、汚泥が膜面に強固に付着するのを回避するとともに微生物が必要とする酸素を供給するという目的に鑑み条件を設定できるものであればよく、廃水の負荷や汚泥の粘度、濃度などの条件に応じて適正な曝気量が決定される。
【0014】
そして、本発明に係る装置は活性汚泥液の発泡促進手段および泡分離除去手段を備えている。発泡促進手段としては、泡の発生効率が高く活性汚泥へのストレスが少ないものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、本実施態様においては、散気装置2を発泡促進手段として用いてもよいが、より効率的に発泡を促進してその泡を分離除去するために、微細気泡発生装置5が別途設けられている。さらに、単に泡の発生速度を増大するだけではなく、泡の発生速度から泡の消失速度を引いた正味の泡成分の生成を促進するために、泡の消失を抑制する仕切板8(板状構造物)も設けられている。そして、泡分離除去手段として、泡掻き取り器7が設けられている。
【0015】
微細気泡発生装置5は、散気装置2によって発生される気泡よりも小さな気泡を発生するもので、直径1mm程度の微細な気泡を発生する。このような微細気泡によれば、活性汚泥液中の気液界面の面積が増加して泡立ち効率が高くなり、また、活性汚泥液への剪断力が小さくなるので発生した泡が消泡されにくくなる。なお、微細気泡発生装置5は、膜分離装置3が発泡促進および泡分離の邪魔になることがないように、鉛直方向に関して膜分離装置3と重ならないように配置されている。
【0016】
仕切板8は、活性汚泥液表層部から先端が液面上方に突出するように配置されている。そして、この仕切板は板状物であれば必ずしも平板である必要はなく、曲面を形成しているもの網状物であってもよい。さらに、その素材としても、木材、プラスチック、布、金属などのいずれでもよい。
【0017】
泡掻き取り器7は、活性汚泥液表層の泡を掬うものであればよく、スクリーン、布、網、板などを用いることができる。
【0018】
このような処理装置において、廃水などの溶解性有機物含有液は、処理槽1内で曝気されながら微生物によって有機物が分解処理されるとともに、限外ろ過膜または精密ろ過膜を備えた膜分離装置3および吸引ポンプ4によって膜ろ過され、清澄な処理水として取り出される。膜分離装置3によって得られた清澄な処理水は、必要に応じて酸化分解装置や逆浸透膜分離装置などで処理され、中水用途などに再利用される。
【0019】
しかしながら、このような処理を続ける中では、処理条件の変動などやその他の何らかの原因によって、急に、汚泥液の粘性が増し、泡立ちがひどくなり、その結果、急激に膜が目詰まりしたり、酸素供給効率が低下するなどのトラブルに至ることがある。
【0020】
そこで、本発明においては、目視や、テレビカメラ、センサーなどとコンピューターとを組み合わせて活性汚泥液の発泡状態を監視し、トラブルに至る前に、発泡を促進し、その結果生じた泡を分離除去する。
【0021】
発泡促進は、微細気泡発生装置5により、散気装置2によって発生される気泡よりも小さな気泡、具体的には1mm程度の微細な気泡を発生させることで行う。このような微細気泡により、活性汚泥液中の気液界面の面積が増加して泡立ち効率が高くなり、また、活性汚泥液への剪断力を小さくすることができるので、泡が効率的に発生し、また、発生した泡が消泡されにくくなる。さらに、仕切板8によって流れの穏やかな部分がつくられるため泡の消失が抑制され、泡の発生速度から泡の消失速度を引いた正味の泡成分の生成がさらに促進される。
【0022】
そして、発生した泡は、処理槽1の液面表層をスクリーン、布、網や板などの泡掻き取り器7で掬うことで一部の汚泥液とともに分離除去すれば良い。
【0023】
さらに、本発明はたとえば図2に示すように変更実施することもできる。
【0024】
図2に示す装置では、活性汚泥液を限外ろ過膜や精密ろ過膜でろ過する処理槽1(曝気槽)とは別に槽が設けられており、その別の槽に、処理槽1内の活性汚泥液を循環移送し、発泡促進、泡分離除去を行う。すなわち、たとえば廃水処理では、微生物への酸素供給のための曝気を主目的とする槽と、膜面洗浄のための曝気を主目的とする槽とを設けることがある。そこで、微生物への酸素供給のための曝気を主目的とする槽に微細気泡発生装置5などの発泡促進手段、泡分離除去手段を設ける。もちろん、微生物への酸素供給のための曝気を主目的とする槽とも別に、発泡促進、泡分離除去ための専用槽を設けてもよい。
【0025】
具体的には、微細気泡発生装置5の上部にハニカム状構造物9(中空状構造物)を活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出するように設け、これにより発泡を促進するとともに発生した泡を分離除去する。すなわち、ハニカム状構造物9は先端が活性汚泥液液面よりも上方に突出するように配置されているので、下方に配置された微細気泡発生装置5で気泡を発生させると、ハニカム状構造物内部で汚泥液と気泡が混合されて発泡が促進され、生じた泡が下部からの気泡の流れに随伴して液面上方へと移動し、ハニカム状構造物9上端から除去できる。一方、発泡により泡原因物質の濃度が低減した活性汚泥液は、ハニカム状構造物9に設けられた液出口10から槽内に戻される。なお、ハニカム状構造物9の代わりに板状構造物を用いてもよい。
【0026】
そして、本実施態様においては、ブロワー6の吸引側に配管の一端を連結し、他端をハニカム状構造物9の上端(泡出口)に連結するとともに、それらの間に消泡装置12を設けているので、ブロワー6の吸引圧を利用して泡を消泡装置12まで伝搬することができる。消泡装置では加温や薬品の添加により泡成分の界面活性作用を大幅にさげ、吸い上げた泡を気体と液体に分離する。このうち、液体を泡成分回収タンク13に回収し、廃棄、あるいは、酸化剤などで泡の発生力が弱まる程度に低分子化した後に、処理槽1に供給し、流入する溶解性有機物とともに処理する。
【0027】
なお、本発明において、発泡の促進は、効果をみながら適当な間隔、時間で実施すればよく、もちろん連続的に実施してもよい。また、泡の消失を抑制する仕切板8やハニカム状構造物9などの泡消失抑制手段は、その間、連続的に使用しても間欠的に使用しても構わない。さらに、泡を発生させたり分離する間は、効率を高めるために泡近傍の温度を冷却することも好ましい。
【0028】
【実施例】
<実施例および比較例>
液容積 30 Lの塩化ビニール製の水槽、孔径 0.1ミクロンのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)製東レ株式会社製精密ろ過平膜、エアーポンプおよびエアースト−ンを用いて小型の膜分離活性汚泥装置を製作し、デキストリンを基質としたBOD濃度1,000 ppmの人工下水を処理した。人工下水の水槽での滞留時間は1日、処理時の活性汚泥液の水温は20〜25℃、曝気量は30L/分とした。また、処理槽へは下水処理場の余剰汚泥を初濃度7g/Lとなる様に投入し運転を開始した。その結果、運転2ヶ月後に水槽における汚泥濃度が15g/Lに達した。この間、サンプリングを除き余剰汚泥の排出は行わなかった。
【0029】
この状態の汚泥を、3台の液容積10Lの塩化ビニール製の水槽(A槽、B槽、C槽)に分割し、3台の水槽(A、B、C)それぞれの片側半分に、孔径 0.1ミクロンのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)製東レ株式会社製精密ろ過平膜を備えた膜分離装置3を配置し、膜分離装置3の下方から曝気量を10L/分で曝気しながら、ろ過速度0.4 m/dで濾過した。培地の容積負荷や水滞留時間などの条件は同一に保持した。
【0030】
この間、A槽は、週に5回30分間、以下の方法で発泡を促進し、生成した泡の分離を行った。すなわち、図1に示すように膜モジュールを浸漬配置している半分と残りの側半分を部分的に区切るように水面下20cmまで仕切板を挿入し、膜分離装置を配置していない方の側に流量1L/分で微細気泡を発生させることで発泡を促進し、仕切板と水槽内壁で限られた部分に蓄積した泡を、灰汁抜きの要領で網ですくい取り、除去した。なお、発泡促進、泡分離除去の間も濾過、膜分離装置下方での曝気は継続した。
【0031】
また、B槽については、以下の方法で発泡を促進し、生成した泡の分離を行った。すなわちB槽内の活性汚泥液を5ml/分の速度で連続的にポンプで取り出し、内径2cm高さ60cmの円筒状容器に底部から供給し、活性汚泥液量約150mlに対してエアー流量0.5L程度で曝気し発泡を促進させた。発生した泡は、泡がエアーに押されて円筒状容器内壁を上方向へ移動することで分離され、分離された泡はホースにてタンクに回収した。発泡促進、分離処理後の液はチューブポンプでB槽へ戻した。
【0032】
C槽では、発泡の促進やその結果生じた泡を分離除去せず、その代わりに毎日汚泥液そのものを100 ml回収し廃棄した。
【0033】
このような運転を継続したところ、C槽では1週間経過した時点で膜が目詰まりし急激に透水性が悪化し、ろ過速度は0.1 m/d以下となったが(このときの汚泥濃度は17 g/L)、A槽、B槽では何らトラブルの発生無くろ過速度0.4 m/dの条件で1ヶ月運転を継続できた(1ヶ月後の汚泥濃度は両槽とも20 g/L)。
<参考例>
液容積1.5 Lの塩化ビニール製の水槽、有効膜面積12 cm× 12 cm×1の孔径0.1ミクロン、PVDF製の東レ株式会社製平膜モジュール、エーポンプおよびエアーストーンを用いて、膜のろ過性を短期的に評価するための小型の実験装置を製作した。ろ過性を調べるための試料(活性汚泥液)は1.5 L供給し、内径3mmのシリコンチューブを膜モジュールに接続し20 cmの水頭圧で15分間ろ過した後、1分間ろ過した時に得られる液量を測定することで、試料のろ過性を評価した。
【0034】
試料としては、濃度15 g/L、粘度 30 mPa・s、顕微鏡観察で水路に分散菌が約10個/ml程度観察され性状がやや不良とみられる活性汚泥液1.5 L(A)と、Aの汚泥2L弱を200 mlのメスシリンダー10本に分注し、各々を50 ml/分程度のガス流量で1時間曝気後、発生した泡をスプーン、スポイトとティッシュで分離除去し残った液1.5 L(B)とを用意した。
【0035】
その結果、Aでは、膜の透水量は 0.6 m/dであったが、Bでは0.8 m/dであった。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、活性汚泥の発泡を促進してその結果生じた泡を分離除去するので、膜分離活性汚泥方による処理を安定に運転維持管理することが可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施態様を示す溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置の概略フロー図である。
【図2】本発明の他の実施態様を示す溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置の概略フロー図である。
【符号の説明】
1:処理槽 2:散気装置
3:膜分離装置 4:吸引ポンプ
5:微細気泡発生装置 6:ブロワー
7:泡掻き取り器 8:仕切板
9:ハニカム状構造物 10:ハニカム状構造物からの液出口
11:ポンプ 12:消泡装置
13:泡成分回収タンク
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for efficiently treating organic substances contained in a soluble organic substance-containing liquid such as industrial wastewater or sewage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Dissolved organic substance-containing liquids such as waste water (hereinafter referred to as waste water for convenience of explanation) have generally been treated by an activated sludge method comprising an aeration tank and a precipitation tank. Although this method can treat wastewater at a relatively low cost, the activated sludge cannot be kept at a high concentration in the treatment tank due to the limitations of solid-liquid separation called the gravity sedimentation method, and there is a problem that the treatment space is generally widened. there were. Further, in the gravity settling method, there is a problem that the sedimentation property of the sludge is deteriorated and the sludge cannot be separated from the clear permeated water, so-called bulking occurs, resulting in a serious problem in processing.
[0003]
In recent years, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems caused by performing solid-liquid separation by gravity sedimentation, a membrane separation activated sludge method that performs solid-liquid separation using a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane has become widespread. It has started (Patent Document 1 etc.). In this method, the activated sludge can be kept at a high concentration in the treatment tank, and a sedimentation tank is not required, so that the treatment space can be made compact and the treatment water quality can be improved. And, there is no worry of bulking in the activated sludge method, and good treated water with high clearness can be obtained regardless of sludge sedimentation.
[0004]
However, on the other hand, due to fluctuations in processing conditions and other causes, the viscosity of the sludge suddenly increases and foaming becomes severe, resulting in a sudden clogging of the membrane and a decrease in oxygen supply efficiency. There was a problem. If you encounter such trouble, add an antifoaming agent to suppress it, or wash or replace the membrane, and after removing the sludge with deteriorated properties, add new sludge with good properties. Even when charging is not performed or when additional charging is not performed, it is necessary to wait for the property to recover under the condition that the load is lowered, which causes a problem in terms of operation stability.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-8-24597 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems in terms of efficiency and stability associated with membrane filtration and oxygen supply of the membrane separation activated sludge method. That is, an object is to eliminate or greatly reduce the risk of occurrence of the trouble as described above.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research to achieve the above-mentioned problems, we believe that the causative substances that lead to clogging and reduced oxygen supply efficiency seen in the membrane separation activated sludge method are considered to be various substances, but most of them are constituents of foam. I found out. In general, when foam is generated, measures such as adding an antifoaming agent can be considered, but the causative substance itself remains, so it cannot be said that the risk is essentially removed.
[0008]
The present invention does not try to suppress the generation of bubbles in this way, but conversely promotes foaming and separates and removes the resulting bubbles, so that the concentration of the substance that contributes most to the cause of trouble in the tank In order to improve the operational stability of the membrane separation activated sludge process.
[0009]
The present invention for solving the above-described problems is characterized by the following.
(1) When a soluble organic matter-containing liquid is aerated and treated with microorganisms and filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane, the activated sludge solution is foamed as a result. A method for treating a solution containing a soluble organic substance, characterized by separating and removing bubbles.
(2) The method for treating a soluble organic substance-containing liquid according to (1), wherein foaming is promoted by temporarily increasing the amount of aeration.
(3) A treatment tank that stores an activated sludge liquid for microbial treatment of a soluble organic substance-containing liquid and has an aeration means for the activated sludge liquid, a membrane filtration means that includes an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane, and activated sludge A processing apparatus for a soluble organic substance-containing liquid, comprising foaming promotion means for promoting foaming of liquid and foam separation / removal means for separating and removing the resulting foam.
(4) The foaming promotion means includes an air diffuser, and at least one of a plate-like structure and a hollow structure projecting upward from the surface of the activated sludge liquid, and described in (3). Processing apparatus for soluble organic matter-containing liquid.
(5) A plate-like structure in which the foam separating / removing means protrudes upward from the surface of the activated sludge liquid surface, a screen, a cloth, a net, a plate, which separates and removes the foam on the liquid surface of the tank storing the activated sludge The device for treating a soluble organic substance-containing liquid according to (3) or (4), further comprising at least one of a hollow structure that protrudes upward from the surface of the activated sludge liquid surface.
(6) The solubility according to any one of (3) to (5) above, wherein the filtration membrane is disposed in a treatment tank storing activated sludge liquid, and the foaming promotion means is provided outside the treatment tank. Processing equipment for organic-containing liquids.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a soluble organic substance-containing liquid such as waste water is treated in, for example, the treatment apparatus shown in FIG.
[0011]
The processing apparatus for the soluble organic substance-containing liquid shown in FIG. 1 is a microfiltration of a treatment tank 1 for aerobically treating the soluble organic substance-containing liquid with microorganisms, and a mixed liquid (active sludge liquid) of the soluble organic substance-containing liquid and microorganisms. Or it has the membrane separator 3 which ultrafilters, and the suction pump 4 which provides the pressure required for membrane separation. The membrane separation device 3 is disposed inside the processing tank 1, and further, an air diffuser 2 is provided inside the processing tank 1 below the membrane separation device 3.
[0012]
The membrane separation device 3 uses a modularized microfiltration membrane and ultrafiltration membrane that have a high filtration rate, can be made compact, and are easy to maintain from the economical viewpoint. As the shape of the membrane, any form such as a flat membrane and a hollow fiber membrane is used, and the form of the module is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, an immersion type membrane module is used for space saving. In the case of the immersion type, it is preferable that the fouling substance is shaped so as to be successfully removed by combination and arrangement with the air diffuser 2 and the stirring device. Furthermore, as a filtration method in the membrane separation device 3, there are a cross flow method and a total amount filtration method. If the cross flow method is adopted, filtration can be performed while removing the membrane surface.
[0013]
The diffuser 2 (aeration means) may be any device that can set conditions in view of the purpose of avoiding sludge firmly adhering to the membrane surface and supplying oxygen required by microorganisms during normal operation. An appropriate amount of aeration is determined according to conditions such as waste water load and sludge viscosity and concentration.
[0014]
And the apparatus which concerns on this invention is equipped with the foaming promotion means and foam separation removal means of activated sludge liquid. The foaming promotion means is not particularly limited as long as the foam generation efficiency is high and the stress on the activated sludge is low. In the present embodiment, the air diffuser 2 may be used as the foaming promotion means. However, in order to promote foaming more efficiently and separate and remove the bubbles, a microbubble generator 5 is separately provided. Furthermore, in order not only to simply increase the bubble generation rate but also to promote the generation of a net foam component obtained by subtracting the bubble disappearance rate from the bubble generation rate, the partition plate 8 (plate-like shape) suppresses the disappearance of the bubbles. Structure) is also provided. And the foam scraper 7 is provided as a foam separation removal means.
[0015]
The fine bubble generator 5 generates bubbles smaller than the bubbles generated by the air diffuser 2 and generates fine bubbles having a diameter of about 1 mm. According to such fine bubbles, the area of the gas-liquid interface in the activated sludge liquid is increased, the foaming efficiency is increased, and the shearing force to the activated sludge liquid is reduced, so that the generated bubbles are not easily defoamed. Become. The fine bubble generating device 5 is arranged so as not to overlap the membrane separating device 3 in the vertical direction so that the membrane separating device 3 does not interfere with foaming promotion and bubble separation.
[0016]
The partition plate 8 is arranged so that the tip protrudes from the surface layer of the activated sludge liquid above the liquid level. And if this partition plate is a plate-shaped thing, it does not necessarily need to be a flat plate, and the net-like thing which forms the curved surface may be sufficient. Further, the material may be wood, plastic, cloth, metal or the like.
[0017]
The foam scraper 7 may be any one that rubs bubbles on the surface layer of the activated sludge liquid, and a screen, cloth, net, plate, or the like can be used.
[0018]
In such a treatment apparatus, a soluble organic substance-containing liquid such as waste water is decomposed by microorganisms while being aerated in the treatment tank 1, and a membrane separation apparatus 3 provided with an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane. The membrane is filtered by the suction pump 4 and taken out as clear treated water. The clear treated water obtained by the membrane separation device 3 is treated by an oxidative decomposition device, a reverse osmosis membrane separation device or the like as needed, and is reused for the purpose of medium water.
[0019]
However, while continuing such treatment, the viscosity of the sludge liquid suddenly increases due to fluctuations in the treatment conditions and some other cause, resulting in severe foaming, resulting in a sudden clogging of the membrane, Troubles such as reduced oxygen supply efficiency may occur.
[0020]
Therefore, in the present invention, the foaming state of the activated sludge liquid is monitored by a combination of visual observation, a TV camera, a sensor and a computer, and before the trouble occurs, foaming is promoted and the resulting bubbles are separated and removed. To do.
[0021]
The promotion of foaming is performed by generating bubbles smaller than the bubbles generated by the air diffuser 2, specifically, fine bubbles of about 1 mm by the fine bubble generator 5. Such fine bubbles increase the area of the gas-liquid interface in the activated sludge liquid, increasing the foaming efficiency and reducing the shearing force on the activated sludge liquid, so bubbles are generated efficiently. In addition, the generated bubbles are difficult to be removed. Further, since a gentle part of the flow is created by the partition plate 8, the disappearance of bubbles is suppressed, and the generation of a net foam component obtained by subtracting the disappearance rate of bubbles from the generation rate of bubbles is further promoted.
[0022]
Then, the generated foam may be separated and removed together with some sludge liquid by crushing the liquid surface layer of the treatment tank 1 with a foam scraper 7 such as a screen, cloth, net or plate.
[0023]
Furthermore, the present invention can be modified as shown in FIG.
[0024]
In the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, a tank is provided separately from the processing tank 1 (aeration tank) for filtering the activated sludge liquid with an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane. Activated sludge liquid is circulated and transferred to promote foaming and remove bubbles. That is, for example, in wastewater treatment, a tank mainly for aeration for supplying oxygen to microorganisms and a tank mainly for aeration for membrane surface cleaning may be provided. Therefore, a tank mainly intended for aeration for supplying oxygen to microorganisms is provided with foaming promotion means such as the microbubble generator 5 and foam separation / removal means. Of course, a dedicated tank for promoting foaming and separating and removing bubbles may be provided separately from a tank mainly for aeration for supplying oxygen to microorganisms.
[0025]
Specifically, a honeycomb structure 9 (hollow structure) is provided above the fine bubble generating device 5 so as to protrude upward from the surface of the activated sludge liquid, thereby promoting foaming and generating. Separate and remove the foam. That is, since the honeycomb structure 9 is arranged so that the tip protrudes upward from the liquid level of the activated sludge liquid, when the bubbles are generated by the fine bubble generator 5 disposed below, the honeycomb structure 9 The sludge liquid and the bubbles are mixed inside to promote foaming, and the generated bubbles move upward along the flow of the bubbles from the lower part and can be removed from the upper end of the honeycomb structure 9. On the other hand, the activated sludge liquid in which the concentration of the foam-causing substance is reduced by foaming is returned from the liquid outlet 10 provided in the honeycomb structure 9 into the tank. A plate-like structure may be used instead of the honeycomb-like structure 9.
[0026]
In the present embodiment, one end of the pipe is connected to the suction side of the blower 6 and the other end is connected to the upper end (foam outlet) of the honeycomb structure 9, and a defoaming device 12 is provided between them. Therefore, the bubbles can be propagated to the defoaming device 12 by using the suction pressure of the blower 6. In the defoaming device, the surface active action of the foam component is greatly reduced by heating or adding chemicals, and the sucked-up foam is separated into gas and liquid. Of these, the liquid is recovered in the foam component recovery tank 13 and discarded or reduced in molecular weight to such an extent that the foaming ability is weakened with an oxidizer, etc., then supplied to the treatment tank 1 and treated with the inflowing soluble organic matter. To do.
[0027]
In the present invention, the promotion of foaming may be carried out at an appropriate interval and time while observing the effect, and may of course be carried out continuously. In addition, the bubble disappearance suppressing means such as the partition plate 8 and the honeycomb structure 9 that suppress the disappearance of the bubbles may be used continuously or intermittently. Furthermore, during the generation or separation of bubbles, it is also preferable to cool the temperature in the vicinity of the bubbles in order to increase efficiency.
[0028]
【Example】
<Examples and Comparative Examples>
A water tank made of vinyl chloride with a liquid volume of 30 L, a small membrane separation activated sludge apparatus using a microfiltration flat membrane made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a pore size of 0.1 micron made by Toray Industries, Inc., an air pump and an air stone. Manufactured and treated with artificial sewage with a BOD concentration of 1,000 ppm using dextrin as a substrate. The residence time in the artificial sewage tank was 1 day, the water temperature of the activated sludge liquid during the treatment was 20 to 25 ° C., and the aeration amount was 30 L / min. In addition, surplus sludge from the sewage treatment plant was introduced into the treatment tank so that the initial concentration became 7 g / L, and the operation was started. As a result, the sludge concentration in the water tank reached 15 g / L after 2 months of operation. During this time, excess sludge was not discharged except for sampling.
[0029]
The sludge in this state is divided into three 10L vinyl chloride water tanks (A tank, B tank, C tank), and the diameter of each side of each of the three water tanks (A, B, C) Place a membrane separator 3 equipped with 0.1 micron polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration flat membrane manufactured by Toray Industries, and filter while aeration from the lower side of the membrane separator 3 at an aeration rate of 10 L / min. Filtration at a speed of 0.4 m / d. Conditions such as the volumetric load of the medium and the water residence time were kept the same.
[0030]
During this time, the tank A promoted foaming by the following method 5 times a week for 30 minutes, and the generated bubbles were separated. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a partition plate is inserted up to 20 cm below the surface of the water so as to partially divide the half where the membrane module is immersed and the remaining side half, and the side where the membrane separation device is not arranged Foaming was promoted by generating fine bubbles at a flow rate of 1 L / min, and bubbles accumulated in a limited area between the partition plate and the inner wall of the water tank were scooped with a net in the manner of removing lye and removed. In addition, filtration and aeration under the membrane separation apparatus were continued during the promotion of foaming and removal of foam.
[0031]
Moreover, about the B tank, foaming was accelerated | stimulated with the following method and the produced | generated foam was isolate | separated. That is, the activated sludge liquid in the tank B is continuously pumped out at a rate of 5 ml / min, supplied from the bottom to a cylindrical container having an inner diameter of 2 cm and a height of 60 cm, and an air flow rate of about 0.1 ml for an activated sludge liquid volume of about 150 ml. Aeration was promoted at about 5 L to promote foaming. The generated bubbles were separated by the bubbles being pushed by the air and moving upward on the inner wall of the cylindrical container, and the separated bubbles were collected in a tank by a hose. The liquid after the foaming promotion and separation treatment was returned to the tank B by a tube pump.
[0032]
In the C tank, the promotion of foaming and the resulting foam were not separated and removed. Instead, 100 ml of the sludge liquid itself was collected and discarded every day.
[0033]
When such an operation was continued, in the tank C, the membrane was clogged at the time when one week passed, the water permeability deteriorated rapidly, and the filtration rate became 0.1 m / d or less (sludge at this time) Concentration was 17 g / L), and tank A and B were able to continue operation for 1 month at a filtration rate of 0.4 m / d without any trouble (the sludge concentration after 1 month was 20 g in both tanks). / L).
<Reference example>
A water tank made of vinyl chloride with a liquid volume of 1.5 L, an effective membrane area of 12 cm × 12 cm × 1 pore size of 0.1 μm, a PVDF flat membrane module made by Toray Industries, Inc., an air pump and an air stone, A small experimental device was developed to evaluate the filterability of the filter in the short term. A sample (activated sludge solution) for examining filterability is obtained by supplying 1.5 L, connecting a silicon tube with an inner diameter of 3 mm to a membrane module, filtering for 15 minutes at a head pressure of 20 cm, and then filtering for 1 minute. The filterability of the sample was evaluated by measuring the liquid volume.
[0034]
As a sample, the concentration was 15 g / L, the viscosity was 30 mPa · s, and about 10 9 dispersible bacteria were observed in the water channel by microscopic observation. Dispensed less than 2L of A sludge into 10 200ml graduated cylinders and aerated each at a gas flow rate of about 50ml / min for 1 hour, then the generated foam was separated and removed with a spoon, dropper and tissue. Liquid 1.5 L (B) was prepared.
[0035]
As a result, in A, the water permeability of the membrane was 0.6 m / d, while in B, it was 0.8 m / d.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, foaming of activated sludge is promoted and the resulting foam is separated and removed, so that it is possible to stably maintain and manage the treatment with the membrane-separated activated sludge.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a processing apparatus for a soluble organic substance-containing liquid showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of an apparatus for treating a soluble organic substance-containing liquid according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Treatment tank 2: Air diffuser 3: Membrane separator 4: Suction pump 5: Fine bubble generator 6: Blower 7: Bubble scraper 8: Partition plate 9: Honeycomb structure 10: From the honeycomb structure Liquid outlet 11: pump 12: defoaming device 13: foam component recovery tank

Claims (6)

溶解性有機物含有液を曝気しながら微生物により処理し、限外ろ過膜または精密ろ過膜を用いて膜ろ過して濾過液を得るに際し、活性汚泥液の発泡を促進してその結果生じた泡を分離除去することを特徴とする溶解性有機物含有液の処理方法。When a solution containing soluble organic matter is aerated and treated with microorganisms and filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane to obtain a filtrate, the activated sludge solution is foamed and the resulting foam is removed. A method for treating a solution containing a soluble organic substance, characterized by separating and removing. 曝気量を一時的に激しくすることで発泡を促進する、請求項1記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理方法。The method for treating a soluble organic substance-containing liquid according to claim 1, wherein foaming is promoted by temporarily increasing the amount of aeration. 溶解性有機物含有液を微生物処理する活性汚泥液を貯留するとともに活性汚泥液に対する曝気手段を備えた処理槽と、限外ろ過膜または精密ろ過膜を備えた膜ろ過手段と、活性汚泥液の発泡を促進する発泡促進手段と、その結果生じた泡を分離除去する泡分離除去手段とを有することを特徴とする溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。Storage of activated sludge liquid for microbial treatment of soluble organic matter-containing liquid and treatment tank with aeration means for activated sludge liquid, membrane filtration means with ultrafiltration membrane or microfiltration membrane, and foaming of activated sludge liquid A processing apparatus for a soluble organic substance-containing liquid, comprising: a foam promoting means that promotes foaming; and a foam separating and removing means that separates and removes the resulting foam. 発泡促進手段が、散気装置と、活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出している板状構造物および中空状構造物の少なくとも1つとを備えている、請求項3に記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。The soluble organic substance according to claim 3, wherein the foaming promotion means includes an air diffuser and at least one of a plate-like structure and a hollow structure projecting from the surface of the activated sludge liquid to the liquid surface. Processing equipment for contained liquid. 泡分離除去手段が、活性汚泥液を貯留する槽の液面表層の泡を分離除去するスクリーン、布、網、板、活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出している板状構造物、および活性汚泥液表層から液面上方へと突出している中空状構造物の少なくとも1つを備えている、請求項3または4に記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。A foam separation / removal means for separating and removing bubbles on the surface of the liquid surface of the tank storing the activated sludge liquid, a cloth, a net, a plate, a plate-like structure projecting upward from the surface of the activated sludge liquid; and The processing apparatus of the soluble organic substance containing liquid of Claim 3 or 4 provided with at least 1 of the hollow-shaped structure which protrudes from the activated sludge liquid surface layer upwards the liquid level. 前記ろ過膜を活性汚泥液を貯留する処理槽内に配置し、その処理槽外に前記発泡促進手段を設けてなる、請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の溶解性有機物含有液の処理装置。The processing apparatus of the soluble organic substance containing liquid in any one of Claims 3-5 which arrange | positions the said filtration membrane in the processing tank which stores activated sludge liquid, and provides the said foaming promotion means out of the processing tank. .
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JP2017077511A (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 王子ホールディングス株式会社 Water treatment system and method
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007028894A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Degremont Water clarifying apparatus and implementing method
FR2890651A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-16 Degremont Sa WATER CLARIFICATION APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME.
JP2009507626A (en) * 2005-09-09 2009-02-26 デグレマン Water purification apparatus and method of implementation
AU2006289003B2 (en) * 2005-09-09 2011-09-29 Degremont Water clarifying apparatus and implementing method
JP2007245002A (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-27 Ngk Insulators Ltd Driving method of membrane separation type biological treatment tank
JP2017077511A (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 王子ホールディングス株式会社 Water treatment system and method
CN111701329A (en) * 2020-07-01 2020-09-25 钟春连 Sewage water oil separator is used in sewer environmental protection

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