JP2005021839A - Treatment method and treatment apparatus for methane fermentation waste - Google Patents

Treatment method and treatment apparatus for methane fermentation waste Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005021839A
JP2005021839A JP2003191927A JP2003191927A JP2005021839A JP 2005021839 A JP2005021839 A JP 2005021839A JP 2003191927 A JP2003191927 A JP 2003191927A JP 2003191927 A JP2003191927 A JP 2003191927A JP 2005021839 A JP2005021839 A JP 2005021839A
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methane fermentation
waste liquid
tank
fermentation waste
methane
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Yutaka Mori
豊 森
Atsushi Kitanaka
敦 北中
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Holdings Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20Sludge processing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a methane fermentation waste treatment method which can reduce the amount of an added coagulant when methane fermentation waste is treated. <P>SOLUTION: In the methane fermentation waste treatment method where organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation in a methane fermentation tank, and then the methane fermentation waste after the methane fermentation is cleaned by an activated sludge method, the methane fermentation waste is subjected to aeration treatment and coagulation treatment while maintaining the temperature of the methane fermentation waste at the temperature of the inside of the methane fermentation tank, or after raising the temperature of the methane fermentation waste. In this method, the temperature of the methane fermentation waste may be maintained at the temperature of the inside of the methane fermentation tank, or may be raised higher than the temperature of the methane fermentation tank by heating the methane fermentation waste. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、牛、豚などの糞尿、生ゴミなどの有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵廃液を処理する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
牛舎、豚舎等の畜舎から排出される、牛、豚などの糞尿を含む畜産排水や、生ゴミなどの有機性廃棄物は、一般にメタン発酵処理される場合、発酵処理された後の廃液は、堆肥として土壌に散布されるかもしくは浄化処理を行った後、河川等に放流される。廃液を浄化処理する場合には、メタン発酵廃液を凝集し、脱水処理して、ある程度の固形分を除去した後、下水処理などを行い、用いられる活性汚泥法によって生物学的処理されることが一般的である(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。メタン発酵は、嫌気性微生物の作用によって有機物を主としてメタンガスと炭酸ガスとに分解する処理方法であり、分解生成物であるメタンガスを回収し、これを熱エネルギーとして活用できるという利点を有する。
【0003】
図3に、従来より一般的に行われているメタン発酵廃液処理設備の概要要部構成を示す概略構成図を示す。図3に示す装置は、主として、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽1,メタン発酵槽1から排出されるメタン発酵廃液2を一時貯留する貯留槽31、メタン発酵廃液2と凝集剤とを反応させる凝集混和槽7、固液分離を行う脱水機8、脱水機8から排出される脱水ろ液9を活性汚泥処理する活性汚泥槽10、メタン発酵槽1から排出されるメタンガス12を利用して発電を行う発電機13から構成されている。
【0004】
メタン発酵廃液2は、固形分及び液体の共存するスラリー状であるが、固形分と液分とが分離し難いため、凝集混和槽7に凝集剤を添加して固形分を固めた後、脱水機により固液分離し、固形分の分離除去を行っている。脱水機により大部分の固形分が除去された脱水ろ液9は活性汚泥槽10に送られ、活性汚泥槽10内の微生物の力を利用して更に浄化処理が行われ河川などに放流される。一方、固形分である脱水汚泥はコンポスト処理等が行われ、堆肥として利用される。また、発電機13としては、ガスエンジンや燃料電池等が挙げられ、発電機13により発電した電気は処理装置内の機器の運転に利用される。発電した電機に余剰分がある場合には売電することも可能である。
【0005】
従来より用いられているメタン発酵処理液の処理方法として、例えば特許文献1(特開平10−5789号公報)に開示されたものがある。特許文献1に開示されたメタン発酵処理液の処理方法は、メタン発酵法による処理液を活性汚泥法で処理する方法において、アンモニアストリッピング法で処理したのち、活性汚泥処理するものである。特許文献1には、メタン発酵処理して得られる発酵廃液はアンモニア濃度が非常に高いので、メタン発酵処理により25℃以上の温度となっている発酵廃液をアルカリ性に調整して曝気することによって溶存しているアンモニアが気相に放散し、発酵廃液中のアンモニア濃度を低減することができることが開示されている。
【0006】
また、特許文献2(特開平11−277098号公報)には、メタン発酵を阻害することなく充分に脱リンするためのメタン発酵処理液の処理方法が開示されている。特許文献2に開示された方法は、液状の有機性廃棄物を嫌気性条件下と好気性条件下とに順次導入して、嫌気性発酵工程で発生した消化汚泥を、pH調整しつつ無機凝集剤、有機高分子凝集剤を添加して脱水機により脱水するものである。
【0007】
上記特許文献1及び特許文献2に開示された方法においては、メタン発酵廃液を処理する際にメタン発酵廃液中の固形分と液分とを分離するために凝集剤を添加している。有機性廃棄物は、BOD及び全窒素量が非常に高いが、全窒素のうちアンモニア態窒素の占める割合も高いという特徴を有している。このように、アンモニアを高濃度で含むメタン発酵廃液においては、凝集剤が懸濁粒子へ均一分散される前に金属水酸化物が形成されてしまい、凝集剤が大量に消費されるため、添加する凝集剤が大量に必要となり、処理コストが増大する大きな原因となっていた。
【0008】
【非特許文献1】
道宗 直昭著 Journal of JSES(日本太陽エネルギー学会誌)1999年Vol.25,No.6 P26〜30
【特許文献1】
特開平10−5789号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−277098号公報
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、メタン発酵廃液を処理するに際し、添加する凝集剤の量を削減することのできるメタン発酵廃液処理方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意検討した結果、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持、あるいは加温して曝気処理した後、凝集処理を施すことにより、上記目的を達成し得るという知見を得た。
【0011】
本発明は上記知見に基づいてなされたものであり、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵し、前記メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵したメタン発酵廃液を活性汚泥法で浄化処理する方法において、前記メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持、あるいは加温して曝気処理し、凝集処理することを特徴とするメタン発酵廃液の処理方法を提供するものである。
上記メタン発酵廃液の処理方法によれば、メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵されたメタン発酵廃液のアルカリ度を低下することができ、凝集剤の消費量を低減することが可能となる。
上記メタン発酵廃液の処理方法においては、メタン発酵廃液を加熱することにより、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持するか、あるいはメタン発酵槽内の温度より高い温度に加温してもよい。
【0012】
また、本発明は、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽と、前記メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵したメタン発酵廃液を曝気処理する曝気槽と、曝気処理されたメタン発酵廃液と凝集剤とを反応させ凝集処理を施す凝集混和槽と、該凝集混和槽の後段に設けられた固液分離手段と、前記曝気槽内の温度を保持する保温装置とを有することを特徴とするメタン発酵廃液処理装置を提供するものである。
上記メタン発酵廃液処理装置は、上記曝気槽を加熱する加熱装置を備えてもよい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明のメタン発酵廃液の処理方法について説明する。
本発明のメタン発酵廃液の処理方法は、牛、豚などの糞尿、生ゴミなどの有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵し、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持、あるいは加温して曝気処理した後、凝集処理を施すことを特徴としている。
【0014】
有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵して得られるメタン発酵廃液を凝集処理する前に、メタン発酵槽内の温度に保持、あるいは加温して曝気処理する理由は以下の通りである。
牛、豚などの糞尿、生ゴミなどの有機性廃棄物は、BOD及び全窒素濃度が非常に高いばかりでなく、全窒素のうちアンモニア態窒素の占める割合が大きいという特質を有する。また、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理すると、有機性廃棄物中に含まれるタンパク質が分解してアンモニアが生成し、メタン発酵廃液中のアンモニア濃度が上昇し、このため、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵して得られるメタン発酵廃液はアルカリ度が非常に高いものとなる。
【0015】
有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵して得られたメタン発酵廃液は凝集処理され、固液分離され、脱水ろ液と脱水汚泥とに分離され、脱水ろ液が活性汚泥処理される。凝集処理を行う場合、ポリ塩化アルミニウムや塩化第二鉄、ポリ硫酸鉄などの無機凝集剤により廃液中の微細な粒子を凝集させ、次いでポリアクリルアミド系凝集剤などの有機高分子凝集剤により更に凝集フロックを成長させる操作を行うことが多い。ここで、無機凝集剤により凝集処理を行う場合、処理されるメタン発酵廃液のアルカリ度は凝集作用に影響を及ぼす重要な因子の一つである。すなわち、メタン発酵廃液のアルカリ度が高いと、凝集剤が懸濁粒子に均一に分散される前に、金属水酸化物が形成され、無機凝集剤が無駄に消費されるため、添加する無機凝集剤が大量に消費されることとなる。従って、メタン発酵廃液中のアンモニア態窒素を可能な限り除去しておくことが、添加する凝集剤の量を削減するために必要である。
【0016】
本発明のメタン発酵廃液の処理方法においては、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持して曝気処理することによって、メタン発酵廃液中のアンモニア成分が揮散するので、メタン発酵廃液のアルカリ度が低下する。メタン発酵廃液中のアンモニアを揮散させるためには、温度が高い状態であることが好ましい。メタン発酵槽内の温度は、通常は常温より高い温度(例えば30〜55℃程度)になっており、従って、メタン発酵廃液の温度は常温より高くなっているので、その温度条件を維持したままで曝気処理することが好ましい。メタン発酵槽内の温度に保持するとは、好ましくはメタン発酵槽内の温度より10℃低い温度から10℃高い温度を意味し、更に好ましくはメタン発酵槽内の温度より10℃高い温度までの範囲であることを意味する。
【0017】
メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持する方法としては特に制限はなく、従来公知の技術により実施することができる。例えば、メタン発酵廃液を加熱することにより実施することもできる。なお、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持して曝気処理する時間は、好ましくは1〜48時間であり、更に好ましくは1〜24時間である。メタン発酵廃液を曝気処理するための曝気槽を保温できるようにしてもよく、更に、曝気槽を加熱するようにしてもよい。なお、保温、加熱するためには、他の装置から排出される廃熱を利用することもできる。
【0018】
曝気処理により揮散したアンモニアは、環境への影響を考慮し、何らかの処理をすることが必要である。アンモニアの処理方法に特に制限はないが、例えば触媒を使用して処理する方法、薬液を使用して処理する方法、生物を使用して処理する方法等が挙げられる。中でも、触媒を使用してアンモニアガスを窒素ガスに変化させる処理方法が、環境への付加削減という観点から好ましい。
【0019】
本発明のメタン発酵廃液の処理方法においては、上述の如く、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持、あるいは加温して曝気処理した後、凝集処理を施す。この凝集処理は特に制限はなく、従来公知の方法で実施することができる。メタン発酵廃液を凝集するために用いられる凝集剤としては、例えば上述した無機凝集剤及び有機高分子凝集剤が用いられる。凝集剤は、先ず無機凝集剤を添加することによりメタン発酵廃液中の微細な粒子を凝集させ、次いで有機高分子凝集剤を添加して、その他の粒子を凝集させ、凝集フロックを成長させることができる。
次いで、例えば脱水機等の固液分離手段によって脱水処理を施し、脱水汚泥と脱水ろ液とに分離し、脱水ろ液はその後、活性汚泥処理される。固液分離手段は、特に脱水に限るものではなく、沈殿と上澄み液との分離によるものであってもよい。なお、脱水濾液をそのままの状態で排出することができる場合には、活性汚泥処理をしなくてもよい。
【0020】
次に、本発明のメタン発酵廃液処理装置について説明する。
本発明のメタン発酵廃液処理装置は、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽、メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵したメタン発酵廃液を曝気処理する曝気槽、曝気処理されたメタン発酵廃液と凝集剤とを反応させ凝集処理を施す凝集混和槽、該凝集混和槽の後段に設けられた固液分離手段、メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵したメタン発酵廃液を活性汚泥法で浄化処理する活性汚泥槽、及び上記曝気槽内を一定の温度に保持する保温装置を有する。一定の温度とは、本発明の目的を達成するために、メタン発酵槽内の温度あるいは、それより高い設定温度であればよい。
上記メタン発酵廃液処理装置は、更に曝気槽を加熱する加熱装置を備えていることが好ましい。
本発明のメタン発酵廃液処理装置は、上述した本発明のメタン発酵廃液処理方法を実施するために好適に用いることができる。
【0021】
次に、本発明のメタン発酵廃液処理方法について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
図1は、本発明の第一の実施の形態に係るメタン発酵廃液処理方法を実施するためのメタン発酵廃液処理装置の要部構成を示す概略構成図である。
図1に示すメタン発酵廃液処理装置は、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵させるメタン発酵槽1、メタン発酵槽1内で生成し、メタン発酵槽1から排出されるメタン発酵廃液2を曝気処理するための曝気槽3、曝気槽3に接続して設けられた曝気装置5、曝気槽3を保温するための保温装置4、曝気槽内でメタン発酵廃液2を曝気処理することにより発生したアンモニアを分解処理するための触媒接触装置6、曝気処理したメタン発酵廃液2と凝集剤とを反応させる凝集混和槽7、凝集混和槽7内でメタン発酵廃液2を凝集させて生成された脱水ろ液9と脱水汚泥とを分離する固液分離手段である脱水機8、脱水機8で脱水汚泥と分離された脱水ろ液9を活性汚泥処理する活性汚泥槽10から主に構成されている。
【0022】
図1に示すメタン発酵廃液処理装置を用いて、有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理して生成されたメタン発酵廃液を処理する方法について説明する。先ず、牛、豚などの糞尿を含む畜産排水や生ゴミなどの有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵槽1に導入し、メタン発酵処理を行う。有機性廃棄物はメタン発酵槽1内でメタン発酵処理され、主にメタンガス及び二酸化炭素が発生する。図には示していないが、発生したメタンガスを利用して発電を行う発電機を接続してもよい。
【0023】
有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理する際、メタン発酵槽1内の温度は、30〜55℃程度まで上昇している。
メタン発酵槽1内でメタン発酵処理され、生成したメタン発酵廃液2は、曝気槽3に導入される。曝気槽3には、曝気槽3の内部を一定温度に保温することのできる保温装置4が接触して設けられている。また、曝気槽3には曝気装置5が接続されている。曝気装置5としては、従来公知のものを特に制限なく用いることができる。例えば、曝気装置5としては、例えば、ブロワー及び散気管が挙げられる。ブロワー及び散気管によって曝気槽3内に連続的又は間欠的に空気を供給することによって曝気を実施する。曝気用の気体としては、空気の他、酸素富化空気、純酸素などを用いてもよい。
【0024】
保温装置4は、曝気槽3の内部に導入されたメタン発酵廃液2を一定の温度に保温することのできる装置である。この保温装置4が備えられているため、メタン発酵槽1内でメタン発酵処理されたメタン発酵廃液がメタン発酵槽1内の温度に保温される。このように、保温装置4によって、曝気槽3の内部に導入されたメタン発酵廃液2の温度がメタン発酵槽1内の温度に保温されたまま、曝気装置5により供給される空気によって1〜48時間の曝気処理を行う。
なお、図には示していないが、メタン発酵槽1と曝気槽3との間には、メタン発酵廃液2中に含まれる固形物を除去するためのスクリーンを設けてもよい。
【0025】
この曝気処理により、メタン発酵廃液2中のアンモニア成分が揮散し、メタン発酵廃液2のアルカリ度が低下する。曝気槽3内で発生したアンモニアは、触媒接触装置6へ導入される。接触装置6内へ導入されたアンモニアは窒素ガスに変換された後、大気中へ放出される。
【0026】
曝気槽3内で曝気処理されたメタン発酵廃液2は凝集混和槽7に導入される。凝集混和槽7には、凝集剤が導入され、メタン発酵廃液2と凝集剤とが反応し、フロックが形成される。凝集混和槽7でフロックが形成されたメタン発酵廃液は、次いで固液分離手段である脱水機8に送られ、脱水機8によって脱水汚泥と脱水ろ液9とに分離される。脱水機8としては、従来公知のものを特に制限なく用いることができ、例えば、遠心脱水機、ベルトプレス型脱水機、フィルタープレス、回転円盤方脱水機等が用いられる。脱水汚泥は、図示していないが、コンポスト工程などを経て、あるいはそのまま系外へ搬出され、肥料や固形燃料や乾燥汚泥として回収される。また、脱水ろ液9は活性汚泥槽10に導入され、活性汚泥処理が施される。
【0027】
活性汚泥処理には従来公知の好気的活性汚泥処理法が使用可能である。例えば、ブロワー及び散気管によって脱水ろ液9に連続的又は間欠的に空気を供給すると共に活性汚泥と接触させることにより、脱水ろ液9の分解・消化を更に進行させる。活性汚泥処理の方式には、例えば、活性汚泥を活性汚泥槽10内で自由に流動させる浮遊曝気式、活性汚泥を活性汚泥槽10内に固定したろ材に付着させる接触曝気式、活性汚泥を付着させたろ材を活性汚泥槽10内で回転させる回転ろ床式などがある。本発明においてはいずれの方式を用いてもよく、実施状況に応じて適宜選択して用いればよい。活性汚泥処理された後は、図示していないが、沈殿槽へ導かれ、混在している活性汚泥の固形物を沈殿分離させ、上澄み液のみを放流する。
【0028】
次に、本発明の第二の実施の形態に係るメタン発酵廃液処理方法について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
図2は、本発明の第二の実施の形態に係るメタン発酵廃液処理方法を実施するためのメタン発酵廃液処理装置の要部構成を示す概略構成図である。
図2に示すメタン発酵廃液処理装置は、図1に示すメタン発酵廃液処理装置とほぼ同様である。図2に示す構成部品のうち、図1と同じものには同じ符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
図2に示すメタン発酵廃液処理装置は、曝気槽3の内部の温度を加熱するための加熱装置11が備えられている。この加熱装置11により、メタン発酵廃液2の温度をメタン発酵槽1内の温度に保持、あるいはメタン発酵槽の温度条件より高温にするようになっている。加熱装置11の熱源としては、上述したメタンガスを利用して発電を行う発電機を用いてもよい。また、熱源としては、上述の発電機でなく、外部からの熱源を用いてもよい。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明のメタン発酵廃液処理方法は、メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持して曝機処理し、凝集処理するので、メタン発酵廃液中のアンモニアが放散し、メタン発酵廃液のアルカリ度が低下する。これにより、凝集剤が無駄に消費されることを防止でき、添加する凝集剤の量を削減することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第一の実施の形態に係るメタン発酵廃液処理方法を実施するための装置の要部構成を示す概略構成図である。
【図2】本発明の第二の実施の形態に係るメタン発酵廃液処理方法を実施するための装置の要部構成を示す概略構成図である。
【図3】従来より一般的に行われているメタン発酵廃液処理設備の概要要部構成を示す概略構成図である。
【符号の説明】
1 メタン発酵槽
2 メタン発酵廃液
3 曝気槽
4 保温装置
5 曝気装置
6 触媒接触装置
7 凝集混和槽
8 脱水機
9 脱水ろ液
10 活性汚泥槽
11 加温装置
12 メタンガス
13 発電機
31 貯留槽
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating a methane fermentation waste liquid of organic waste such as manure such as cows and pigs, and raw garbage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the case of livestock wastewater containing manure such as cattle and pigs, and organic waste such as raw garbage, which is discharged from barns such as cattle barns and pig houses, the waste liquid after fermentation is generally It is sprayed on the soil as compost or purified and then discharged into rivers. When purifying waste liquid, the methane fermentation waste liquid is agglomerated and dehydrated to remove a certain amount of solids, then treated with sewage and biologically treated by the activated sludge method used. It is general (for example, refer nonpatent literature 1). Methane fermentation is a treatment method in which an organic substance is decomposed mainly into methane gas and carbon dioxide gas by the action of anaerobic microorganisms, and has an advantage that methane gas as a decomposition product can be recovered and used as thermal energy.
[0003]
In FIG. 3, the schematic block diagram which shows the outline | summary principal part structure of the methane fermentation waste liquid processing facility generally performed conventionally is shown. The apparatus shown in FIG. 3 mainly includes a methane fermentation tank 1 for methane fermentation of organic waste 1, a storage tank 31 for temporarily storing methane fermentation waste liquid 2 discharged from the methane fermentation tank 1, a methane fermentation waste liquid 2, and a flocculant. A flocculation / mixing tank 7 for reacting with water, a dehydrator 8 for solid-liquid separation, an activated sludge tank 10 for treating the dehydrated filtrate 9 discharged from the dehydrator 8, and a methane gas 12 discharged from the methane fermentation tank 1. Thus, the generator 13 is configured to generate power.
[0004]
The methane fermentation waste liquid 2 is in the form of a slurry in which the solid content and the liquid coexist, but the solid content and the liquid content are difficult to separate. Solid-liquid separation is performed by a machine, and solids are separated and removed. The dehydrated filtrate 9 from which most of the solid content has been removed by the dehydrator is sent to the activated sludge tank 10, further purified using the power of microorganisms in the activated sludge tank 10, and discharged into rivers and the like. . On the other hand, dewatered sludge, which is a solid content, is subjected to composting or the like and used as compost. Further, examples of the generator 13 include a gas engine and a fuel cell, and electricity generated by the generator 13 is used for operation of equipment in the processing apparatus. If there is a surplus in the generated electricity, it is also possible to sell it.
[0005]
As a processing method of a methane fermentation treatment solution that has been used conventionally, for example, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-5789). The method for treating a methane fermentation treatment solution disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method of treating a treatment solution by a methane fermentation method by an activated sludge method, and then treating the activated sludge after treating it by an ammonia stripping method. In Patent Document 1, since the fermentation waste liquid obtained by the methane fermentation treatment has a very high ammonia concentration, it is dissolved by adjusting the alkalinity of the fermentation waste liquid having a temperature of 25 ° C. or higher by the methane fermentation treatment and aeration. It has been disclosed that the ammonia being released can be diffused into the gas phase and the ammonia concentration in the fermentation waste liquid can be reduced.
[0006]
Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-277098) discloses a method for treating a methane fermentation treatment solution for sufficiently dephosphorizing without inhibiting methane fermentation. In the method disclosed in Patent Document 2, liquid organic waste is sequentially introduced under anaerobic conditions and aerobic conditions, and the digested sludge generated in the anaerobic fermentation process is inorganic agglomerated while adjusting the pH. An agent and an organic polymer flocculant are added and dehydrated by a dehydrator.
[0007]
In the methods disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, a flocculant is added to separate the solid content and the liquid content in the methane fermentation waste liquid when the methane fermentation waste liquid is processed. Organic waste is characterized by a very high BOD and total nitrogen content, but also a high proportion of ammonia nitrogen in the total nitrogen. Thus, in the methane fermentation waste liquid containing ammonia at a high concentration, metal hydroxide is formed before the flocculant is uniformly dispersed in the suspended particles, and the flocculant is consumed in large quantities. A large amount of the flocculant is required, which is a major cause of increasing the processing cost.
[0008]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Naoaki Michimune Journal of JSES (Journal of the Solar Energy Society of Japan) 1999 Vol. 25, no. 6 P26-30
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-5789 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-277098
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating methane fermentation waste liquid that can reduce the amount of flocculant added when treating the methane fermentation waste liquid.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have held the above object by aggregating after maintaining the temperature of the methane fermentation waste liquid at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank or heating it. The knowledge that it can be achieved was obtained.
[0011]
The present invention has been made based on the above knowledge, and in a method of methane fermentation of organic waste in a methane fermentation tank, and purifying the methane fermentation waste liquid methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank by an activated sludge method. The present invention provides a method for treating a methane fermentation waste liquid, characterized in that the methane fermentation waste liquid is maintained at a temperature in a methane fermentation tank, or heated and aerated and agglomerated.
According to the processing method of the methane fermentation waste liquid, the alkalinity of the methane fermentation waste liquid methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank can be reduced, and the consumption of the flocculant can be reduced.
In the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method, by heating the methane fermentation waste liquid, the methane fermentation waste liquid can be maintained at a temperature in the methane fermentation tank or heated to a temperature higher than the temperature in the methane fermentation tank. Good.
[0012]
The present invention also includes a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of organic waste, an aeration tank for aeration treatment of methane fermentation waste liquid methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank, an aeration-treated methane fermentation waste liquid, and a flocculant. A methane fermentation waste solution comprising: a flocculation / mixing tank for reacting flocculation to effect a flocculation process; solid-liquid separation means provided at a subsequent stage of the flocculation / mixing tank; and a heat retaining device for maintaining the temperature in the aeration tank. A processing apparatus is provided.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus may include a heating device that heats the aeration tank.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the processing method of the methane fermentation waste liquid of this invention is demonstrated.
The method for treating a methane fermentation waste liquid according to the present invention includes methane fermentation of organic waste such as cattle and pig manure and garbage in a methane fermentation tank, and maintaining the methane fermentation waste liquid at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank, or It is characterized by aggregating after heating and aeration.
[0014]
The reason why the methane fermentation waste liquid obtained by subjecting the organic waste to methane fermentation to agglomerate is maintained at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank or heated for aeration is as follows.
Organic waste such as cattle and swine manure and garbage has not only a very high BOD and total nitrogen concentration, but also has a characteristic that the proportion of ammonia nitrogen in the total nitrogen is large. In addition, when organic waste is treated with methane fermentation, the protein contained in the organic waste is decomposed to produce ammonia, which increases the concentration of ammonia in the methane fermentation waste liquid. The methane fermentation waste liquid obtained by fermentation has a very high alkalinity.
[0015]
Methane fermentation waste liquid obtained by methane fermentation of organic waste is agglomerated, solid-liquid separated, separated into dehydrated filtrate and dehydrated sludge, and the dehydrated filtrate is subjected to activated sludge treatment. When agglomeration treatment is performed, fine particles in the waste liquid are agglomerated with an inorganic aggregating agent such as polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride or polyiron sulfate, and then further agglomerated with an organic polymer aggregating agent such as a polyacrylamide type aggregating agent. Many operations are performed to grow flocs. Here, when the flocculation treatment is performed with an inorganic flocculant, the alkalinity of the methane fermentation waste liquid to be treated is one of the important factors affecting the flocculation action. That is, when the alkalinity of the methane fermentation waste liquid is high, before the flocculant is uniformly dispersed in the suspended particles, metal hydroxide is formed and the inorganic flocculant is wasted, so the inorganic flocculant to be added A large amount of the agent will be consumed. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the ammonia nitrogen in the methane fermentation waste liquid as much as possible in order to reduce the amount of the flocculant to be added.
[0016]
In the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, the ammonia component in the methane fermentation waste liquid is volatilized by holding the methane fermentation waste liquid at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank and subjecting it to aeration treatment. Decreases. In order to volatilize ammonia in the methane fermentation waste liquid, the temperature is preferably high. The temperature in the methane fermentation tank is usually higher than room temperature (for example, about 30 to 55 ° C.). Therefore, the temperature of the methane fermentation waste liquid is higher than room temperature, so that the temperature condition is maintained. It is preferable to perform an aeration process. Maintaining the temperature in the methane fermenter preferably means a temperature that is 10 ° C higher than the temperature in the methane fermenter, and more preferably in the range from 10 ° C higher than the temperature in the methane fermenter. It means that.
[0017]
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a method of hold | maintaining a methane fermentation waste liquid at the temperature in a methane fermentation tank, It can implement by a conventionally well-known technique. For example, it can also be carried out by heating methane fermentation waste liquid. In addition, the time for aeration treatment while maintaining the methane fermentation waste liquid at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank is preferably 1 to 48 hours, and more preferably 1 to 24 hours. The aeration tank for aeration treatment of the methane fermentation waste liquid may be kept warm, and further, the aeration tank may be heated. In addition, in order to keep warm and heat, the waste heat discharged | emitted from another apparatus can also be utilized.
[0018]
Ammonia volatilized by aeration treatment needs to be treated in consideration of the influence on the environment. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the processing method of ammonia, For example, the method of processing using a catalyst, the method of processing using a chemical | medical solution, the method of processing using living organisms, etc. are mentioned. Among these, a treatment method in which ammonia gas is changed to nitrogen gas using a catalyst is preferable from the viewpoint of additional reduction to the environment.
[0019]
In the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, as described above, the methane fermentation waste liquid is kept at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank or heated and aerated, and then agglomeration is performed. This agglomeration treatment is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventionally known method. As the flocculant used for flocculating the methane fermentation waste liquid, for example, the above-mentioned inorganic flocculants and organic polymer flocculants are used. The flocculant may first add an inorganic flocculant to agglomerate fine particles in the methane fermentation waste liquid, then add an organic polymer flocculant to agglomerate other particles to grow agglomerated flocs. it can.
Next, dehydration is performed by solid-liquid separation means such as a dehydrator to separate the dehydrated sludge and the dehydrated filtrate, and the dehydrated filtrate is then subjected to activated sludge treatment. The solid-liquid separation means is not particularly limited to dehydration, and may be based on separation of the precipitate and the supernatant liquid. In addition, when the dehydrated filtrate can be discharged as it is, it is not necessary to perform the activated sludge treatment.
[0020]
Next, the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus of the present invention will be described.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of organic waste, an aeration tank for aeration treatment of methane fermentation waste liquid fermented in the methane fermentation tank, an aerated methane fermentation waste liquid and a flocculant A flocculation mixing tank that reacts with the flocculation process, a solid-liquid separation means provided in a subsequent stage of the flocculation mixing tank, an activated sludge tank that purifies methane fermentation waste liquid that has undergone methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank, using an activated sludge method, And a heat retaining device for keeping the inside of the aeration tank at a constant temperature. In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the constant temperature may be a temperature in the methane fermenter or a set temperature higher than that.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus preferably further includes a heating device for heating the aeration tank.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus of the present invention can be suitably used for carrying out the above-described methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method of the present invention.
[0021]
Next, the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1: is a schematic block diagram which shows the principal part structure of the methane fermentation waste liquid processing apparatus for enforcing the methane fermentation waste liquid processing method which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 generates a methane fermentation waste liquid 2 that is produced in a methane fermentation tank 1 and methane fermentation tank 1 for methane fermentation of organic waste and discharged from the methane fermentation tank 1. The aeration tank 3, the aeration apparatus 5 connected to the aeration tank 3, the heat insulation apparatus 4 for keeping the aeration tank 3 warm, the ammonia generated by aeration treatment of the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 in the aeration tank is decomposed A catalyst contact device 6 for treatment, an agglomeration mixing tank 7 for reacting the aerated methane fermentation waste liquid 2 with a flocculant, a dehydrated filtrate 9 produced by agglomerating the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 in the aggregation mixing tank 7, It mainly comprises a dehydrator 8 which is a solid-liquid separation means for separating dehydrated sludge, and an activated sludge tank 10 for treating the dehydrated filtrate 9 separated from the dehydrated sludge by the dehydrator 8 with activated sludge.
[0022]
A method for treating methane fermentation waste liquid generated by methane fermentation treatment of organic waste using the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will be described. First, livestock wastewater containing manure such as cows and pigs and organic waste such as raw garbage are introduced into the methane fermentation tank 1 to perform methane fermentation treatment. The organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation treatment in the methane fermentation tank 1, and mainly methane gas and carbon dioxide are generated. Although not shown in the figure, a generator that generates power using the generated methane gas may be connected.
[0023]
When organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation, the temperature in the methane fermentation tank 1 is increased to about 30 to 55 ° C.
The methane fermentation waste liquid 2 produced by the methane fermentation treatment in the methane fermentation tank 1 is introduced into the aeration tank 3. The aeration tank 3 is provided with a heat retaining device 4 that can keep the inside of the aeration tank 3 at a constant temperature. An aeration device 5 is connected to the aeration tank 3. As the aeration device 5, a conventionally known device can be used without any particular limitation. For example, examples of the aeration apparatus 5 include a blower and an air diffuser. Aeration is carried out by supplying air continuously or intermittently into the aeration tank 3 by means of a blower and an air diffuser. As aeration gas, oxygen-enriched air, pure oxygen, or the like may be used in addition to air.
[0024]
The heat retaining device 4 is a device that can keep the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 introduced into the aeration tank 3 at a constant temperature. Since this heat retention device 4 is provided, the methane fermentation waste liquid subjected to the methane fermentation treatment in the methane fermentation tank 1 is kept at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank 1. In this way, the temperature of the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 introduced into the aeration tank 3 is kept at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank 1 by the heat retaining apparatus 4, and 1 to 48 depending on the air supplied by the aeration apparatus 5. Perform time aeration.
Although not shown in the figure, a screen for removing solids contained in the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 may be provided between the methane fermentation tank 1 and the aeration tank 3.
[0025]
By this aeration treatment, the ammonia component in the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 is volatilized, and the alkalinity of the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 decreases. Ammonia generated in the aeration tank 3 is introduced into the catalyst contact device 6. Ammonia introduced into the contact device 6 is converted into nitrogen gas and then released into the atmosphere.
[0026]
The methane fermentation waste liquid 2 aerated in the aeration tank 3 is introduced into the agglomeration mixing tank 7. A flocculant is introduced into the flocculent mixing tank 7, and the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 and the flocculant react to form a floc. The methane fermentation waste liquid in which flocs are formed in the coagulation mixing tank 7 is then sent to a dehydrator 8 that is a solid-liquid separation means, and is separated into dehydrated sludge and dehydrated filtrate 9 by the dehydrator 8. As the dehydrator 8, a conventionally known one can be used without particular limitation. For example, a centrifugal dehydrator, a belt press type dehydrator, a filter press, a rotating disk type dehydrator, or the like is used. Although not shown, the dehydrated sludge is taken out of the system through a composting process or the like, and is recovered as fertilizer, solid fuel, or dry sludge. The dehydrated filtrate 9 is introduced into the activated sludge tank 10 and subjected to activated sludge treatment.
[0027]
Conventionally known aerobic activated sludge treatment methods can be used for activated sludge treatment. For example, by continuously or intermittently supplying air to the dehydrated filtrate 9 by a blower and a diffuser tube and bringing it into contact with activated sludge, the decomposing / digesting of the dehydrated filtrate 9 is further advanced. The activated sludge treatment method includes, for example, a floating aeration type in which activated sludge freely flows in the activated sludge tank 10, a contact aerated type in which activated sludge is attached to a filter medium fixed in the activated sludge tank 10, and an activated sludge is attached. There is a rotating filter bed type in which the filtered medium is rotated in the activated sludge tank 10. Any method may be used in the present invention, and it may be appropriately selected and used according to the implementation situation. After the activated sludge treatment, although not shown in the figure, it is guided to a sedimentation tank, where the mixed activated sludge solids are precipitated and separated, and only the supernatant liquid is discharged.
[0028]
Next, the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 2: is a schematic block diagram which shows the principal part structure of the methane fermentation waste liquid processing apparatus for enforcing the methane fermentation waste liquid processing method which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is substantially the same as the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus shown in FIG. Of the components shown in FIG. 2, the same components as those in FIG.
The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 includes a heating device 11 for heating the temperature inside the aeration tank 3. By this heating device 11, the temperature of the methane fermentation waste liquid 2 is maintained at the temperature in the methane fermentation tank 1, or higher than the temperature condition of the methane fermentation tank. As a heat source of the heating device 11, a generator that generates power using the methane gas described above may be used. Moreover, as a heat source, you may use the heat source from the outside instead of the above-mentioned generator.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, the methane fermentation waste liquid is subjected to an exposure treatment while maintaining the temperature in the methane fermentation tank, and is subjected to agglomeration treatment. Therefore, ammonia in the methane fermentation waste liquid is diffused, The alkalinity of the methane fermentation waste liquid decreases. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the flocculant from being wasted, and to reduce the amount of flocculant to be added.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a main configuration of an apparatus for carrying out a methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a main configuration of an apparatus for carrying out a methane fermentation waste liquid treatment method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an outline main configuration of a methane fermentation waste liquid treatment facility that has been generally performed conventionally.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Methane fermentation tank 2 Methane fermentation waste liquid 3 Aeration tank 4 Heat retention apparatus 5 Aeration apparatus 6 Catalyst contact apparatus 7 Coagulation mixing tank 8 Dehydrator 9 Dehydrated filtrate 10 Activated sludge tank 11 Heating apparatus 12 Methane gas 13 Generator 31 Storage tank

Claims (4)

有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵し、前記メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵したメタン発酵廃液を活性汚泥法で浄化処理する方法において、
前記メタン発酵廃液をメタン発酵槽内の温度に保持、あるいは加温して曝気処理し、凝集処理することを特徴とするメタン発酵廃液の処理方法。
In a method for methane fermentation of organic waste in a methane fermentation tank and purifying the methane fermentation waste liquid methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank by an activated sludge method,
A method for treating a methane fermentation waste liquid, characterized in that the methane fermentation waste liquid is maintained at a temperature in a methane fermentation tank or heated and aerated and agglomerated.
前記メタン発酵廃液を加熱することにより、前記メタン発酵廃液を前記メタン発酵槽内の温度に保持する、あるいは前記メタン発酵槽内の温度より高温にする、請求項1に記載のメタン発酵廃液の処理方法。The processing of the methane fermentation waste liquid according to claim 1, wherein the methane fermentation waste liquid is heated to a temperature in the methane fermentation tank or higher than a temperature in the methane fermentation tank by heating the methane fermentation waste liquid. Method. 有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵するメタン発酵槽と、前記メタン発酵槽内でメタン発酵したメタン発酵廃液を曝気処理する曝気槽と、曝気処理されたメタン発酵廃液と凝集剤とを反応させ凝集処理を施す凝集混和槽と、該凝集混和槽の後段に設けられた固液分離手段と、前記曝気槽内の温度を保持する保温装置とを有することを特徴とするメタン発酵廃液処理装置。A methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of organic waste, an aeration tank for aeration treatment of the methane fermentation waste liquid methane-fermented in the methane fermentation tank, and agglomeration treatment by reacting the aerated methane fermentation waste liquid and the flocculant A methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus comprising: an agglomeration and mixing tank to be applied; a solid-liquid separation means provided at a subsequent stage of the agglomeration and mixing tank; and a heat retaining device for maintaining the temperature in the aeration tank. 前記曝気槽を加熱する加熱装置を備える、請求項3に記載のメタン発酵廃液処理装置。The methane fermentation waste liquid treatment apparatus according to claim 3, comprising a heating device that heats the aeration tank.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009214043A (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-24 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Biological treatment method for organic waste liquid, and treatment device therefor
JP2019103952A (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-27 栗田工業株式会社 Method of dewatering sludge and sludge dewatering device
JP2019195768A (en) * 2018-05-09 2019-11-14 征八朗 三浦 Method for treating biomass digested liquid and device for treating waste water thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009214043A (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-24 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Biological treatment method for organic waste liquid, and treatment device therefor
JP2019103952A (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-27 栗田工業株式会社 Method of dewatering sludge and sludge dewatering device
JP7130949B2 (en) 2017-12-08 2022-09-06 栗田工業株式会社 Sludge dewatering method and sludge dewatering device
JP2019195768A (en) * 2018-05-09 2019-11-14 征八朗 三浦 Method for treating biomass digested liquid and device for treating waste water thereof
JP7184535B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2022-12-06 征八朗 三浦 Biomass digestive juice treatment method and its wastewater treatment equipment

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