JP2005018993A - High-refrangibility light guide plate - Google Patents
High-refrangibility light guide plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005018993A JP2005018993A JP2003177765A JP2003177765A JP2005018993A JP 2005018993 A JP2005018993 A JP 2005018993A JP 2003177765 A JP2003177765 A JP 2003177765A JP 2003177765 A JP2003177765 A JP 2003177765A JP 2005018993 A JP2005018993 A JP 2005018993A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light guide
- guide plate
- bis
- weight
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- NUDSREQIJYWLRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[9-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2-methylphenol Chemical group C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 NUDSREQIJYWLRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJZHBPSXJJQGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WJZHBPSXJJQGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 18
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- SFDGJDBLYNJMFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,1-benzoxazin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC=NC2=C1 SFDGJDBLYNJMFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PVFQHGDIOXNKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PVFQHGDIOXNKIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004650 carbonic acid diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-octadecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(octadecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical class ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- OWEYKIWAZBBXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OWEYKIWAZBBXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYAZLDLPUNDVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 IYAZLDLPUNDVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBITXNWQALLODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4-oxo-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(C3=CC=C(C=C3)C=3OC(C4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=O)=NC2=C1 BBITXNWQALLODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HTTLBYITFHMYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentranil Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)OC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 HTTLBYITFHMYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-monoglyceryl stearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bumetrizole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dithionite(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmityl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VNQNXQYZMPJLQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CN2C(N(CC=3C=C(C(O)=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N(CC=3C=C(C(O)=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C2=O)=O)=C1 VNQNXQYZMPJLQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMWRRFHBXARRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O ZMWRRFHBXARRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高屈折性導光板に関する。さらに詳しくは優れた面発光性を有し、発光面の輝度ムラが少なく、剛性、屈折性の改善されたポリカーボネート樹脂を主成分とする導光板に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、ビスフェノールＡにカーボネート前駆物質を反応させて得られるポリカーボネート樹脂は透明性、耐熱性、機械的特性、寸法安定性が優れているがゆえにエンジニアリングプラスチックとして多くの分野に広く使用されている。近年、液晶表示のバックライトあるいは各種表示灯のバックライトとして、均一に面発光する導光板が使用されている（例えば特許文献１参照）。導光板の側面から入射した光は導光板の片面に設けられた光散乱層で散乱して、面全体が均一に発光するように設計されている。該散乱層の形成にはドットバターン印刷、切削加工、マイクロプリズム転写加工が従来から用いられている。これらの導光板は伝送損失、加工性、軽量性の点でポリメチルメタアクリレートが多く用いられている。しかしながら、ポリメチルメタアクリレートは耐熱性、難燃性、機械強度、屈折率が低い等の点で問題がある。
【０００３】
これらの問題を解決するために、近年ビスフェノールＡタイプのポリカーボネート樹脂が提案されている（例えば特許文献２参照）。しかしながら、軽量化のために、更なる薄肉化が求められ、耐熱性、屈折率、剛性の更なる向上が望まれている。
【０００４】
一方、ポリカーボネート樹脂の耐熱性、剛性を向上するためには、一般的に嵩高い動きにくい構造を有するビスフェノール類を用いる方法があり、種々のポリカーボネートが提案されている。中でも、特定のフルオレン構造を有するポリカーボネート樹脂が提案されている（例えば特許文献３，４参照）。しかしながら、これらの構造を有するポリカーボネート樹脂は耐熱性、屈折率、剛性に優れるものの色相および耐候性が十分ではなく、直接太陽光線の当たる屋外用途や照明用途、表示素子基板用途に用いた場合に色相が悪化する問題があった。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
特開平２−２４５７８７号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平１１−１５８３６４号公報
【特許文献３】
特開平１１−１７４４２４号公報
【特許文献４】
特開平８−１３４１９８号公報
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、特定の芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂からなる、優れた面発光性を有し、且つ輝度ムラやソリが少ない高屈折性の導光板を提供することにある。
【０００７】
本発明者はこの目的を達成せんとして鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の二価フェノールを使用することにより得られた芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体を主成分とする樹脂組成物に特定の紫外線吸収剤を配合することによって、上記目的を達成することを見出し、本発明に到達した。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明によれば、全芳香族ジヒドロキシ成分の５〜９５モル％が９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレン、９５〜５モル％が下記一般式［１］
【０００９】
【化２】
［式中、Ｒ１〜Ｒ４は夫々独立して水素原子、炭素原子数１〜９の芳香族基を含んでもよい炭化水素基又はハロゲンであり、Ｗは単結合、炭素原子数１〜２０の芳香族基を含んでもよい炭化水素基、Ｏ、Ｓ、ＳＯ、ＳＯ２、ＣＯ又はＣＯＯ基である。］
で表されるジヒドロキシ成分からなるポリカーボネート共重合体を主成分とする樹脂組成物１００重量部と紫外線吸収剤０．０１〜５重量部からなる樹脂組成物より形成された高屈折性導光板が提供される。
【００１１】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体は、それを構成する芳香族ジヒドロキシ成分として、９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレンが全芳香族ジヒドロキシ成分の５〜９５モル％、好ましくは１０〜９５モル％、さらに好ましくは３０〜８５モル％、特に好ましくは５０〜８５モル％である。５モル％未満の場合、本発明の目的である耐熱用材料として不満足な性質となり好ましくない。５０〜８５モル％の範囲は複屈折が特に低く、本発明の導光板の用途に特に好ましい。
【００１２】
前記９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレンは、その１０ｇをエタノール５０ｍｌに溶解した溶液を光路長３０ｍｍで測定したｂ値が好ましくは６．０以下、より好ましくは５．５以下であり、さらに好ましくは５．０以下である。ｂ値が上記範囲内であれば、得られるポリカーボネート共重合体から形成される成形体は色相および耐侯性に優れ、また、強度が高く、延伸フィルム特性も良好となり好ましい。
【００１３】
通常、この９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレンはｏ−クレゾールとフルオレノンの反応によって得られる。前記特定のｂ値を有する９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレンは、特定の処理を行い不純物を除去することによって得ることができる。具体的には、ｏ−クレゾールとフルオレノンの反応後に、未反応のｏ−クレゾールを留去した後、残さをアルコール系、ケトン系またはベンゼン誘導体系の溶媒に溶解し、これに活性白土または活性炭を加えてろ過後、ろ液から結晶化した生成物をろ過して精製された９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレンを得ることができる。除去される不純物としては、２，４′−ジヒドロキシ体、２，２′−ジヒドロキシ体および構造不明の不純物等である。かかる精製に用いるアルコール系の溶媒としてはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等の低級アルコール、ケトン系の溶媒としてはアセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等の低級脂肪族ケトン類およびこれらの混合物が好ましく、ベンゼン誘導体系の溶媒としてはトルエン、キシレン、ベンゼンおよびこれらの混合物が好ましい。溶媒の使用量はフルオレン化合物が十分に溶解する量であれば足り、通常フルオレン化合物に対して２〜１０倍量程度である。活性白土としては市販されている粉末状または粒状のシリカ−アルミナを主成分とするものが用いられる。また、活性炭としては市販されている粉末状または粒状のものが用いられる。
【００１４】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体において用いられる上記一般式［１］で示される他のジヒドロキシ成分としては、通常芳香族ポリカーボネートのジヒドロキシ成分として使用されているものであればよく、例えばハイドロキノン、レゾルシノール、４，４′−ビフェノール、１，１−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）エタン（ビスフェノールＥ）、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロパン（ビスフェノールＡ）、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）プロパン（ビスフェノールＣ）、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ブタン、１，１−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）−１−フェニルエタン、１，１−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）シクロヘキサン（ビスフェノールＺ）、１，１−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）−３，３，５−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）ペンタン、４，４′−（ｐ−フェニレンジイソプロピリデン）ジフェノール、α，α′−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）−ｍ−ジイソプロピルベンゼン（ビスフェノールＭ）、１，１−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）−４−イソプロピルシクロヘキサンなどが挙げられ、なかでもビスフェノールＡ、ビスフェノールＺ、ビスフェノールＣ、ビスフェノールＥ、ビスフェノールＭが好ましく、特にビスフェノールＡが好ましい。
【００１５】
芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体はそのポリマーを塩化メチレンに溶解した溶液での２０℃における比粘度が０．２〜１．２の範囲が好ましく、０．２５〜１．０の範囲がより好ましく、０．２７〜０．８０の範囲がさらに好ましい。比粘度が上記範囲内であれば成形品、殊にシートの強度が十分強く、溶融粘度および溶液粘度が適当で、取り扱いが容易であり好ましい。
【００１６】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体は、通常の芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂を製造するそれ自体公知の反応手段、例えば芳香族ジヒドロキシ成分にホスゲンや炭酸ジエステルなどのカーボネート前駆物質を反応させる方法により製造される。次にこれらの製造方法について基本的な手段を簡単に説明する。
【００１７】
カーボネート前駆物質として、例えばホスゲンを使用する反応では、通常酸結合剤および溶媒の存在下に反応を行う。酸結合剤としては、例えば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ金属水酸化物またはピリジンなどのアミン化合物が用いられる。溶媒としては、例えば塩化メチレン、クロロベンゼンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素が用いられる。また反応促進のために例えば第三級アミンまたは第四級アンモニウム塩などの触媒を用いることもできる。その際、反応温度は通常０〜４０℃であり、反応時間は数分〜５時間である。
【００１８】
カーボネート前駆物質として炭酸ジエステルを用いるエステル交換反応は、不活性ガス雰囲気下所定割合の芳香族ジヒドロキシ成分を炭酸ジエステルと加熱しながら撹拌して、生成するアルコールまたはフェノール類を留出させる方法により行われる。反応温度は生成するアルコールまたはフェノール類の沸点などにより異なるが、通常１２０〜３００℃の範囲である。反応はその初期から減圧にして生成するアルコールまたはフェノール類を留出させながら反応を完結させる。
【００１９】
また、反応を促進するために通常エステル交換反応に使用される触媒を使用することもできる。前記エステル交換反応に使用される炭酸ジエステルとしては、例えばジフェニルカーボネート、ジナフチルカーボネート、ビス（ジフェニル）カーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジブチルカーボネートなどが挙げられる。これらのうち特にジフェニルカーボネートが好ましい。
【００２０】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体は、その重合反応において、末端停止剤として通常使用される単官能フェノール類を使用することができる。殊にカーボネート前駆物質としてホスゲンを使用する反応の場合、単官能フェノール類は末端停止剤として分子量調節のために一般的に使用され、また得られた芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体は、末端が単官能フェノール類に基づく基によって封鎖されているので、そうでないものと比べて熱安定性に優れている。
【００２１】
かかる単官能フェノール類としては、芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂の末端停止剤として使用されるものであればよく、一般にはフェノール或いは低級アルキル置換フェノールであって、下記一般式で表される単官能フェノール類を示すことができる。
【００２２】
【化３】
【００２３】
前記単官能フェノール類の具体例としては、例えばフェノール、ｐ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェノール、ｐ−クミルフェノールおよびイソオクチルフェノールが挙げられる。
【００２４】
また、他の単官能フェノール類としては、長鎖のアルキル基或いは脂肪族エステル基を置換基として有するフェノール類または安息香酸クロライド類、もしくは長鎖のアルキルカルボン酸クロライド類を使用することができ、これらを用いて芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体の末端を封鎖すると、これらは末端停止剤または分子量調節剤として機能するのみならず、樹脂の溶融流動性が改良され、成形加工が容易となるばかりでなく、物性も改良される。特に樹脂の吸水率を低くする効果があり、好ましく使用される。これらは下記一般式［Ｉ−ａ］〜［Ｉ−ｈ］で表される。
【００２５】
【化４】
【化５】
【化６】
【化７】
【化８】
【化９】
【化１０】
【化１１】
［前記一般式［Ｉ−ａ］〜［Ｉ−ｈ］中、Ｘは−Ｒ−Ｏ−、−Ｒ−ＣＯ−Ｏ−または−Ｒ−Ｏ−ＣＯ−である、ここでＲは単結合または炭素数１〜１０、好ましくは１〜５の二価の脂肪族炭化水素基を示し、Ｔは単結合または上記Ｘと同様の結合を示し、ｎは１０〜５０の整数を示す。
Ｑはハロゲン原子または炭素数１〜１０、好ましくは１〜５の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基を示し、ｐは０〜４の整数を示し、Ｙは炭素数１〜１０、好ましくは１〜５の二価の脂肪族炭化水素基を示し、Ｗ１は水素原子、−ＣＯ−Ｒ１７、−ＣＯ−Ｏ−Ｒ１８またはＲ１９である、ここでＲ１７、Ｒ１８およびＲ１９は、それぞれ炭素数１〜１０、好ましくは１〜５の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数４〜８、好ましくは５〜６の一価の脂環族炭化水素基または炭素数６〜１５、好ましくは６〜１２の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示す。
ａは４〜２０、好ましくは５〜１０の整数を示し、ｍは１〜１００、好ましくは３〜６０、特に好ましくは４〜５０の整数を示し、Ｚは単結合または炭素数１〜１０、好ましくは１〜５の二価の脂肪族炭化水素基を示し、Ｗ２は水素原子、炭素数１〜１０、好ましくは１〜５の一価の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数４〜８、好ましくは５〜６の一価の脂環族炭化水素基または炭素数６〜１５、好ましくは６〜１２の一価の芳香族炭化水素基を示す。］
【００３４】
これらのうち好ましいのは、［Ｉ−ａ］および［Ｉ−ｂ］の置換フェノール類である。この［Ｉ−ａ］の置換フェノール類としては、ｎが１０〜３０、特に１０〜２６のものが好ましく、その具体例としては、例えばデシルフェノール、ドデシルフェノール、テトラデシルフェノール、ヘキサデシルフェノール、オクタデシルフェノール、エイコシルフェノール、ドコシルフェノールおよびトリアコンチルフェノールなどを挙げることができる。
【００３５】
また、［Ｉ−ｂ］の置換フェノール類としてはＸが−Ｒ−ＣＯ−Ｏ−であり、Ｒが単結合である化合物が適当であり、ｎが１０〜３０、特に１０〜２６のものが好適であって、その具体例としては、例えばヒドロキシ安息香酸デシル、ヒドロキシ安息香酸ドデシル、ヒドロキシ安息香酸テトラデシル、ヒドロキシ安息香酸ヘキサデシル、ヒドロキシ安息香酸エイコシル、ヒドロキシ安息香酸ドコシルおよびヒドロキシ安息香酸トリアコンチルが挙げられる。
【００３６】
前記一般式［Ｉ−ａ］〜［Ｉ−ｇ］で示される置換フェノール類または置換安息香酸クロライドにおいて置換基の位置は、ｐ位またはｏ位が一般的に好ましく、その両者の混合物が好ましい。
【００３７】
前記単官能フェノール類は、得られた芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体の全末端に対して少なくとも５モル％、好ましくは少なくとも１０モル％末端に導入されることが望ましく、また単官能フェノール類は単独でもしくは２種以上混合して使用してもよい。
【００３８】
また、本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体において、９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレンが、全芳香族ヒドロキシ成分の６０モル％以上である場合は、樹脂の流動性が低下することがあり、そのため前記一般式［Ｉ−ａ］〜［Ｉ−ｇ］で示される置換フェノール類または置換安息香酸クロライド類を末端停止剤として使用することが好ましい。
【００３９】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体は、本発明の趣旨を損なわない範囲で、芳香族ジカルボン酸、例えばテレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸あるいはその誘導体を共重合したポリエステルカーボネートであってもよい。また少量の３官能化合物を共重合した分岐ポリカーボネートであってもよい。
【００４０】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体は、そのガラス転移点が１６０℃以上が好ましく、１８０℃以上がより好ましく、２００℃以上がさらに好ましい。
【００４１】
本発明の導光板の厚さは、０．５〜３ｍｍ程度でよく、形状は平板状、曲面状、楔形状等いずれでもよい。通常均一な面発光性を保つように、光源側が厚く、光源から離れるほど薄く設計されるが、最小０．１〜最大３ｍｍ、好ましくは０．５〜３ｍｍ、より好ましくは１．０〜２．５ｍｍである。最小厚みが０．１ｍｍ未満では剛性が不足するので好ましくなく、３ｍｍより厚くなると重くなり実用的でない。また、その表面または裏面に光散乱層として、例えば高さ１０〜４００μｍ程度の突起、好ましくは正四面体のマイクロプリズム構造を有するものがよい。導光板に入射した光は、この光散乱層で反射して導光板全面が均一に光ることが要求される。屈折率が低いと、入射光は全反射して導光板に戻りにくくなるため、導光板の中を伝わる光が少なくなり、広い面積には伝わりにくく、その結果輝度ムラが大きくなる。導光板の屈折率としては、１．５９以上が好ましく、更に１．６０以上が好ましい。
【００４２】
本発明で用いられる紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤、トリアジン系紫外線吸収剤、ベンゾオキサジン系紫外線吸収剤またはベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤が使用される。
【００４３】
ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−メチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−３’−（３，４，５，６−テトラヒドロフタルイミドメチル）−５’−メチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−３’，５’−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−ｔｅｒｔ−オクチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（３’−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−５’−メチル−２’−ヒドロキシフェニル）−５−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、２，２’−メチレンビス（４−（１，１，３，３−テトラメチルブチル）−６−（２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール−２−イル）フェノール）、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−３’，５’−ビス（α，α−ジメチルベンジル）フェニル）−２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（３’，５’−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−アミル−２’−ヒドロキシフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、５−トリフルオロメチル−２−（２−ヒドロキシ−３−（４−メトキシ−α−クミル）−５−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）−２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール等が挙げられる。
【００４４】
なかでも２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−メチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−３’−（３，４，５，６−テトラヒドロフタルイミドメチル）−５’−メチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−３’，５’−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−ｔｅｒｔ−オクチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾール、２−（３’−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−５’−メチル−２’−ヒドロキシフェニル）−５−クロロベンゾトリアゾールが好ましく、更に２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−ｔｅｒｔ−オクチルフェニル）ベンゾトリアゾールが好ましい。
【００４５】
トリアジン系の紫外線吸収剤としては、ヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系の例えば商品名チヌビン４００（チバスペシャルティーケミカル社製）が好ましい。
【００４６】
ベンゾオキサジン系の紫外線吸収剤としては、２−メチル−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２−ブチル−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２−フェニル−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２−（１−又は２−ナフチル）−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２−（４−ビフェニル）−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２，２’−ビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン）、２，２’−ｐ−フェニレンビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２，２’−ｍ−フェニレンビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン）、２，２’−（４，４’−ジフェニレン）ビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン）、２，２’−（２，６又は１，５−ナフタレン）ビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン）、１，３，５−トリス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン−２−イル）ベンゼンなどが挙げられるが、中でも２，２’−ｐ−フェニレンビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン）が好ましい。
【００４７】
ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤としては、２−ヒドロキシ−４−メトキシベンゾフェノン、２−ヒドロキシ−４−ｎ−オクトキシベンゾフェノン、２−ヒドロキシ−４−メトキシ−２’−カルボキシベンゾフェノン、２，４−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、２，２’−ジヒドロキシ−４−メトキシベンゾフェノン等が挙げられ、なかでも２−ヒドロキシ−４−ｎ−オクトキシベンゾフェノンが好ましい。これらの紫外線吸収剤は単独で用いても、二種以上併用してもよい。
【００４８】
これらの紫外線吸収剤は、ポリカーボネート樹脂を１００重量％として０．０１〜５重量％であり、好ましくは０．０２〜３重量％であり、特に好ましくは０．０５〜２重量％である。０．０１重量％未満では紫外線吸収性能が不十分で、５重量％を超えると樹脂の色相が悪化することがあるので好ましくない。
【００４９】
本発明において使用される蛍光増白剤は、合成樹脂等の色調を白色あるいは青白色に改善するために用いられるものであれば特に制限はなく、例えばスチルべン系、ベンズイミダゾール系、ナフタルイミド系、ローダミン系、クマリン系、オキサジン系化合物等が挙げられる。蛍光増白剤の配合量は、本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物と透明微粒子の合計１００重量部に対して、０．０００５〜０．１重量部、好ましくは０．００１〜０．０５重量部、さらに好ましくは０．００５〜０．０２重量部である。配合量が０．０００５重量部より少ないと、十分な面発光性や発光面の色調の改良効果が得られず、０．１重量部を超えると、かえって色調のムラが生じて好ましくない。また、コスト高にもなる。
【００５０】
本発明では、ブルーイング剤を用いてもよく、かかるブルーイング剤としては、例えばバイエル（株）製のマクロレックスバイオレット、三菱化学（株）製のダイアレジンバイオレット、ダイアレジンブルー、サンド（株）製のテラゾールブルー等が挙げられ、最も好適なものとしてマクロレックスバイオレットが挙げられる。これらのブルーイング剤は好ましくは０．１〜３ｐｐｍ、より好ましくは０．３〜１．５ｐｐｍ、最も好ましくは０．３〜１．２ｐｐｍの濃度で芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂中に配合される。
【００５１】
本発明において、前記芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体に必要に応じて、リン酸、亜リン酸、ホスホン酸、亜ホスホン酸およびこれらのエステルよりなる群から選択された少なくとも１種のリン化合物を配合することができる。かかるリン化合物の配合量は、該芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体に対して０．０００１〜０．０５重量％が好ましく、０．０００５〜０．０２重量％がより好ましく、０．００１〜０．０１重量％が特に好ましい。このリン化合物を配合することにより、かかる芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体の熱安定性が向上し、成形時における分子量の低下や色相の悪化が防止される。
【００５２】
かかるリン化合物としては、リン酸、亜リン酸、ホスホン酸、亜ホスホン酸およびこれらのエステルよりなる群から選択される少なくとも１種のリン化合物であり、好ましくは下記一般式
【００５３】
【化１２】
【化１３】
【化１４】
【化１５】
［式中、Ｒ５〜Ｒ１６は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル、ノニル、デシル、ドデシル、ヘキサデシル、オクタデシルなどの炭素数１〜２０のアルキル基、フェニル、トリル、ナフチルなどの炭素数６〜１５のアリール基またはベンジル、フェネチルなどの炭素数７〜１８のアラルキル基を表し、また１つの化合物中に２つのアルキル基が存在する場合は、その２つのアルキル基は互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。］
よりなる群から選択された少なくとも１種のリン化合物である。
【００５８】
上記（１）式で示されるリン化合物としては、例えばトリフェニルホスファイト、トリスノニルフェニルホスファイト、トリス（２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）ホスファイト、トリデシルホスファイト、トリオクチルホスファイト、トリオクタデシルホスファイト、ジデシルモノフェニルホスファイト、ジオクチルモノフェニルホスファイト、ジイソプロピルモノフェニルホスファイト、モノブチルジフェニルホスファイト、モノデシルジフェニルホスファイト、モノオクチルジフェニルホスファイト、ビス（２，６−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−メチルフェニル）ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、２，２−メチレンビス（４，６−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）オクチルホスファイト、ビス（ノニルフェニル）ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ビス（２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ジステアリルペンタエリスリトールジホスファイトなどが挙げられる。
【００５９】
上記（２）式で示されるリン化合物としては、例えばトリブチルホスフェート、トリメチルホスフェート、トリフェニルホスフェート、トリエチルホスフェート、ジフェニルモノオルソキセニルホスフェート、ジブチルホスフェート、ジオクチルホスフェート、ジイソプロピルホスフェートなどが挙げられ、上記（３）式で示されるリン化合物としては、テトラキス（２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）−４，４−ジフェニレンホスホナイトなどが挙げられ、また上記（４）式で示される化合物としては、ベンゼンホスホン酸ジメチル、ベンゼンホスホン酸ジエチル、ベンゼンホスホン酸ジプロピルなどが挙げられる。
【００６０】
これらのリン化合物のなかで、トリスノニルフェニルホスファイト、トリス（２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）ホスファイト、テトラキス（２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）−４，４−ジフェニレンホスホナイトが好ましく使用される。
【００６１】
本発明のポリカーボネート共重合体には、酸化防止の目的で通常知られた酸化防止剤を添加することができる。その例としてはフェノール系酸化防止剤を示すことができ、具体的には例えばトリエチレングリコール−ビス［３−（３−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−５−メチル−４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロピオネート］、１，６−ヘキサンジオール−ビス［３−（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロピオネート］、ペンタエリスリトール−テトラキス［３−（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロピオネート］、オクタデシル−３−（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロピオネート、１，３，５−トリメチル−２，４，６−トリス（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシベンジル）ベンゼン、Ｎ，Ｎ−ヘキサメチレンビス（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシ−ヒドロシンナマイド）、３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシ−ベンジルホスホネート−ジエチルエステル、トリス（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシベンジル）イソシアヌレート、３，９−ビス｛１，１−ジメチル−２−［β−（３−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシ−５−メチルフェニル）プロピオニルオキシ］エチル｝−２，４，８，１０−テトラオキサスピロ（５，５）ウンデカン等が挙げられる。これら酸化防止剤の好ましい添加量の範囲はポリカーボネート共重合体に対して０．０００１〜０．０５重量％である。
【００６２】
さらに本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体には、必要に応じて一価または多価アルコールの高級脂肪酸エステルを加えることもできる。
【００６３】
かかる高級脂肪酸エステルとしては、炭素原子数１〜２０の一価または多価アルコールと炭素原子数１０〜３０の飽和脂肪酸との部分エステルまたは全エステルであるのが好ましい。また、かかる一価または多価アルコールと飽和脂肪酸との部分エステルまたは全エステルとしては、ステアリン酸モノグリセリド、ステアリン酸モノソルビテート、ベヘニン酸モノグリセリド、ペンタエリスリトールモノステアレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレート、プロピレングリコールモノステアレート、ステアリルステアレート、パルミチルパルミテート、ブチルステアレート、メチルラウレート、イソプロピルパルミテート、２−エチルヘキシルステアレートなどが挙げられ、なかでもステアリン酸モノグリセリド、ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレートが好ましく用いられる。
【００６４】
かかるアルコールと高級脂肪酸とのエステルの配合量は、該芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体に対して０．０１〜２重量％が好ましく、０．０１５〜０．５重量％がより好ましく、０．０２〜０．２重量％がさらに好ましい。配合量がこの範囲内であれば離型性に優れ、また離型剤がマイグレートし金属表面に付着することもなく好ましい。
【００６５】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート共重合体には、さらに着色剤、帯電防止剤、滑剤、充填剤などの添加剤や他のポリカーボネート樹脂、他の熱可塑性樹脂を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で少割合添加することもできる。
【００６６】
本発明の芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物から成形品を得る方法としては、射出成形、押し出し成形、ブロー成形等が用いられ、フィルムやシートを製造する方法としては、厚みの均一性に優れ、ゲル、ブツ、フィッシュアイ、スクラッチ等の光学欠点の生じない方法が好ましく、例えば溶融押出し法、カレンダー法等が挙げられる。
【００６７】
かかる方法により製造された成形品は光透過性が高く、優れた光拡散性を有しており、優れた面発光性と均一な明るさを得ることができ、その上剛性が高いため、輝度ムラやソリが少なく、色調の優れた液晶ディスプレーまたは液晶テレビのバックライト方式の導光板、またはスキャナーに用いられている導光板に好適に用いられる。
【００６８】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに説明する。実施例中の部は重量部であり、％は重量％である。なお、評価は下記の方法によった。
（１）比粘度：ポリマー０．７ｇを塩化メチレン１００ｍｌに溶解し２０℃の温度で測定した。
（２）ガラス転移点（Ｔｇ）：デュポン社製９１０型ＤＳＣにより測定した。
（３）モノマー溶液のｂ値：試料１０ｇを５０ｍｌのエタノールに溶解し光路長３０ｍｍの試料管にて日本電色（株）色差計３００Ａを用いて測定した。
（４）全光線透過率：ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ−１００３に準拠して日本電色（株）ＭＤＨ−３００Ａを用いて測定した。
（５）平均輝度：バックライトユニットに縦１００ｍｍ、横１００ｍｍ、厚さ１〜２ｍｍの導光板試験片を組み込み、エッジより冷陰極管を照射し、試験片の９点の輝度（ｃｄ／ｍ２）をトプコン（株）製の輝度計ＢＭ−７で測定し、その平均値を平均輝度とした。
（６）輝度ムラ：上記輝度測定結果の最小輝度と最大輝度の比を輝度ムラとした。
輝度ムラ（％）＝（最小輝度／最大輝度）×１００
（７）屈折率：アッベ屈折計を用いて測定した。
【００６９】
［合成例１］
温度計、撹拌機、還流冷却器付き反応器にイオン交換水２４６２３部、４８％水酸化ナトリウム水溶液４１５３部を入れ、エタノール溶液でのｂ値が３．０の９，９−ビス（４−ヒドロキシ−３−メチルフェニル）フルオレン（以下“ビスクレゾールフルオレン”と略称することがある）１９３６．９部、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロパン（以下“ビスフェノールＡ”と略称することがある）２７２６部およびハイドロサルファイト８部を溶解した後、塩化メチレン１８１８８部を加えた後撹拌下１５〜２５℃でホスゲン１９９４部を６０分を要して吹き込んだ。ホスゲン吹き込み終了後、ｐ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェノール１０２．５部を塩化メチレン３３０部に溶解した溶液および４８％水酸化ナトリウム水溶液６９２．１部を加え、乳化後、トリエチルアミン５．８部を加えて２８〜３３℃で１時間撹拌して反応を終了した。反応終了後、生成物を塩化メチレンで希釈して水洗したのち塩酸酸性にして水洗し、水相の導電率がイオン交換水と殆ど同じになったところで、塩化メチレン相を濃縮、脱水してポリカーボネート濃度が２０％の溶液を得た。この溶液から溶媒を除去して得たポリカーボネートはビスクレゾールフルオレンとビスフェノールＡとの構成単位の比がモル比で３０：７０であった（ポリマー収率９７％）。またこのポリマーの比粘度は０．３３７、Ｔｇは１９０℃であった。このポリマーをポリカーボネートＡとする。
【００７０】
［合成例２］
合成例１のビスクレゾールフルオレンの使用量を３１７１．４部、ビスフェノールＡの使用量を１９１３部とする以外は合成例１と同様にしてビスクレゾールフルオレンとビスフェノールＡの比がモル比で５０：５０であるポリマー５３００部（収率９６％）を得た。このポリマーの比粘度は０．３２０、Ｔｇは２０５℃であった。このポリマーをポリカーボネートＢとする。
【００７１】
［合成例３］
合成例１と同様の装置にイオン交換水３５３１５部、４８％水酸化ナトリウム３９２０部を入れ、α，α’−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）−ｍ−ジイソプロピルベンゼン（ビスフェノールＭと略称）２９５４．９部、ビスクレゾールフルオレン３２２８．１部およびハイドロサルファイト１４部を溶解した後、塩化メチレン１２７７５部を加え、攪拌下１５〜２０℃でホスゲン１９４６部を４５分を要して吹き込んだ。ホスゲン吹き込み終了後、ｐ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェノール１０８．５部と４８％水酸化ナトリウム水溶液７１０．５部を加え乳化後、トリエチルアミン４．５５部を加えて、２８〜３３℃で１時間攪拌して反応を終了した。このものを実施例１と同様に処理してビスフェノールＭとビスクレゾールフルオレン構成単位のモル比が５０：５０であるポリマーを得た（収率９８％）。このものの比粘度は０．２５０、Ｔｇは１８０℃であった。このポリマーをポリカーボネートＣとする。
【００７２】
［合成例４］
合成例１のビスクレゾールフルオレンを使用せず、ビスフェノールＡを３８９４．２部用いた以外は、合成例１と同様にして、ビスフェノールＡホモポリカーボネートを得た（収率９９％）。このものの比粘度は０．３６５、Ｔｇは１４８℃であった。このポリマーをポリカーボネートＤとする。
【００７３】
［実施例１〜４、比較例１〜３］
合成例１〜４で得たポリカーボネート樹脂に、トリス（２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルフェニル）ホスファイトを０．０５部、オクタデシル−３−（３，５−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロピオネート０．０１部、ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレート０．０３部を混合し、表１の記載量になるように調整した蛍光増白剤（日本化薬工業（株）製カヤライトＯＳ）、紫外線吸収剤として２，２’−ｐ−フェニレンビス（３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン）を添加混合したものを、ベント付押出機により押出機温度２８０〜３２０℃、ダイス温度２９０〜３３０℃、ベント部の真空度を２７ｋＰａに保持して、溶融押出ししペレット化した。このペレットを１２０℃、４時間乾燥後、１００×１００×２ｍｍのキャビティー内に高さ５０μｍのマイクロプリズムのスタンパーを挿入し、シリンダー温度３３０℃、金型温度１１７℃で導光板を成形した。得られた導光板を評価した結果を表１に示す。
【００７４】
【表１】
【発明の効果】
本発明の耐熱性、高屈折性導光板は、光透過性が高く、優れた導光性を有しており、優れた面発光性と均一な明るさを得ることができ、耐熱性、剛性が良好であるため、輝度ムラやソリが少なく、色調の優れた液晶ディスプレー液晶テレビのバックライト方式の導光板、特に車載用パネル等の耐熱性を要する部分に用いられるバックライト用導光板、またはスキャナーに用いられている導光板に好適であり、本発明がもたらす工業的効果は格別である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a highly refractive light guide plate. More particularly, the present invention relates to a light guide plate mainly composed of a polycarbonate resin having excellent surface light emission, less luminance unevenness on the light emitting surface, and improved rigidity and refraction.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, polycarbonate resins obtained by reacting bisphenol A with a carbonate precursor have been widely used in many fields as engineering plastics because of their excellent transparency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability. In recent years, a light guide plate that uniformly emits light has been used as a backlight for liquid crystal displays or backlights for various display lamps (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The light incident from the side surface of the light guide plate is scattered by a light scattering layer provided on one side of the light guide plate, and the entire surface is designed to emit light uniformly. For the formation of the scattering layer, dot pattern printing, cutting, and microprism transfer are conventionally used. In these light guide plates, polymethyl methacrylate is often used in terms of transmission loss, processability, and lightness. However, polymethyl methacrylate has problems in terms of heat resistance, flame retardancy, mechanical strength, and low refractive index.
[0003]
In order to solve these problems, a bisphenol A type polycarbonate resin has recently been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, further weight reduction is required for weight reduction, and further improvements in heat resistance, refractive index, and rigidity are desired.
[0004]
On the other hand, in order to improve the heat resistance and rigidity of the polycarbonate resin, there is generally a method using bisphenols having a bulky structure that is difficult to move, and various polycarbonates have been proposed. Among them, a polycarbonate resin having a specific fluorene structure has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4). However, although polycarbonate resins having these structures are excellent in heat resistance, refractive index, and rigidity, they do not have sufficient hue and weather resistance, and when used in outdoor applications, lighting applications, and display element substrate applications that are directly exposed to sunlight. There was a problem that got worse.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2-245787 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-158364 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-11-174424 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-134198 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a highly refractive light guide plate made of a specific aromatic polycarbonate resin, having excellent surface light emission and having less luminance unevenness and warpage.
[0007]
As a result of intensive research aimed at achieving this object, the present inventor has obtained a specific ultraviolet absorber in a resin composition mainly comprising an aromatic polycarbonate copolymer obtained by using a specific dihydric phenol. It was found that the above-mentioned object was achieved by blending and the present invention was reached.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, according to the present invention, 5 to 95 mol% of the wholly aromatic dihydroxy component is 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene, and 95 to 5 mol% is the following general formula [1].
[0009]
[Chemical 2]
[Wherein, R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which may contain an aromatic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a halogen, and W is a single bond, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Or a hydrocarbon group, O, S, SO, SO 2 , CO or COO group which may contain an aromatic group. ]
Provided is a highly refractive light guide plate formed from 100 parts by weight of a resin composition comprising as a main component a polycarbonate copolymer composed of a dihydroxy component represented by formula (1) and 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of an ultraviolet absorber. Is done.
[0011]
The aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention has 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene as an aromatic dihydroxy component constituting it, 5 to 95 mol% of the total aromatic dihydroxy component, Preferably it is 10-95 mol%, More preferably, it is 30-85 mol%, Most preferably, it is 50-85 mol%. If it is less than 5 mol%, it is not preferable because it is an unsatisfactory property as a heat-resistant material which is the object of the present invention. The range of 50 to 85 mol% has particularly low birefringence and is particularly preferable for the use of the light guide plate of the present invention.
[0012]
The 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene has a b value of preferably 6.0 or less, more preferably 5. measured by measuring a solution of 10 g in 50 ml of ethanol at an optical path length of 30 mm. 5 or less, more preferably 5.0 or less. When the b value is within the above range, a molded product formed from the obtained polycarbonate copolymer is preferable because of excellent hue and weather resistance, high strength, and good stretched film characteristics.
[0013]
The 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene is usually obtained by the reaction of o-cresol and fluorenone. The 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene having the specific b value can be obtained by performing a specific treatment to remove impurities. Specifically, after the reaction between o-cresol and fluorenone, unreacted o-cresol is distilled off, and the residue is dissolved in an alcohol, ketone, or benzene derivative solvent, and activated clay or activated carbon is added thereto. In addition, after filtration, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene purified by filtering the product crystallized from the filtrate can be obtained. Examples of impurities to be removed include 2,4′-dihydroxy form, 2,2′-dihydroxy form and impurities whose structure is unknown. The alcohol solvent used for such purification is preferably a lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, and the ketone solvent is preferably a lower aliphatic ketone such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone or cyclohexanone, or a mixture thereof. As the benzene derivative solvent, toluene, xylene, benzene and a mixture thereof are preferable. The amount of the solvent used is sufficient if the fluorene compound is sufficiently dissolved, and is usually about 2 to 10 times the amount of the fluorene compound. As the activated clay, a commercially available powdery or granular silica-alumina main component is used. Further, as the activated carbon, commercially available powdery or granular materials are used.
[0014]
The other dihydroxy component represented by the above general formula [1] used in the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention may be any one that is usually used as a dihydroxy component of an aromatic polycarbonate, such as hydroquinone or resorcinol. 4,4'-biphenol, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane (bisphenol E), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A), 2,2-bis (4- Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane (bisphenol C), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane, 1,1-bis (4 -Hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane (bisphenol Z), 1,1-bis (4 Hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 4,4 '-(p-phenylenediisopropylidene) diphenol, α, α'-bis (4 -Hydroxyphenyl) -m-diisopropylbenzene (bisphenol M), 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-isopropylcyclohexane and the like, among which bisphenol A, bisphenol Z, bisphenol C, bisphenol E, bisphenol M is preferred, and bisphenol A is particularly preferred.
[0015]
The aromatic polycarbonate copolymer preferably has a specific viscosity at 20 ° C. in a solution of the polymer in methylene chloride of 0.2 to 1.2, more preferably 0.25 to 1.0, and 0 The range of .27 to 0.80 is more preferable. If the specific viscosity is within the above range, the strength of the molded product, particularly the sheet, is sufficiently strong, the melt viscosity and the solution viscosity are appropriate, and handling is easy and preferable.
[0016]
The aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention is produced by a reaction means known per se for producing an ordinary aromatic polycarbonate resin, for example, a method in which an aromatic dihydroxy component is reacted with a carbonate precursor such as phosgene or carbonic acid diester. . Next, basic means for these manufacturing methods will be briefly described.
[0017]
In a reaction using, for example, phosgene as a carbonate precursor, the reaction is usually performed in the presence of an acid binder and a solvent. As the acid binder, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or an amine compound such as pyridine is used. As the solvent, for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene are used. In order to accelerate the reaction, a catalyst such as a tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium salt can also be used. In that case, reaction temperature is 0-40 degreeC normally, and reaction time is several minutes-5 hours.
[0018]
The transesterification reaction using a carbonic acid diester as a carbonate precursor is performed by a method in which an aromatic dihydroxy component in a predetermined ratio is stirred with a carbonic acid diester while heating with an inert gas atmosphere to distill the generated alcohol or phenols. . The reaction temperature varies depending on the boiling point of the alcohol or phenol produced, but is usually in the range of 120 to 300 ° C. The reaction is completed while distilling off the alcohol or phenol produced under reduced pressure from the beginning.
[0019]
Moreover, in order to accelerate | stimulate reaction, the catalyst normally used for transesterification can also be used. Examples of the carbonic acid diester used in the transesterification include diphenyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, bis (diphenyl) carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dibutyl carbonate. Of these, diphenyl carbonate is particularly preferred.
[0020]
In the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention, monofunctional phenols that are usually used as a terminal terminator can be used in the polymerization reaction. Particularly in the case of a reaction using phosgene as a carbonate precursor, monofunctional phenols are generally used as a terminator for molecular weight control, and the resulting aromatic polycarbonate copolymer has a monofunctional end. Since it is blocked by a group based on phenols, it is superior in thermal stability compared to other groups.
[0021]
Such monofunctional phenols only need to be used as a terminal terminator for aromatic polycarbonate resins, and are generally phenols or lower alkyl-substituted phenols, and monofunctional phenols represented by the following general formula: Can show.
[0022]
[Chemical 3]
[0023]
Specific examples of the monofunctional phenols include phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-cumylphenol and isooctylphenol.
[0024]
Further, as other monofunctional phenols, phenols or benzoic acid chlorides having a long chain alkyl group or an aliphatic ester group as a substituent, or long chain alkyl carboxylic acid chlorides can be used, When these are used to block the ends of the aromatic polycarbonate copolymers, they not only function as end terminators or molecular weight regulators, but also improve the melt fluidity of the resin and facilitate molding processes. The physical properties are also improved. In particular, it has the effect of reducing the water absorption rate of the resin and is preferably used. These are represented by the following general formulas [Ia] to [Ih].
[0025]
[Formula 4]
[Chemical formula 5]
[Chemical 6]
[Chemical 7]
[Chemical 8]
[Chemical 9]
Embedded image
Embedded image
[In the general formulas [Ia] to [Ih], X represents —RO—, —R—CO—O—, or —R—O—CO—, wherein R represents a single bond or A divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, T represents a single bond or a bond similar to the above X, and n represents an integer of 10 to 50.
Q represents a halogen atom or a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, p represents an integer of 0 to 4, Y represents 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 1 carbon atoms. 5 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, W 1 is a hydrogen atom, —CO—R 17 , —CO—O—R 18 or R 19 , wherein R 17 , R 18 and R 19 are 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 6 monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups or 6 to 15 carbon atoms, respectively. Preferably 6-12 monovalent | monohydric aromatic hydrocarbon group is shown.
a represents an integer of 4 to 20, preferably 5 to 10, m represents an integer of 1 to 100, preferably 3 to 60, particularly preferably 4 to 50, and Z represents a single bond or a carbon number of 1 to 10, preferably an 1-5 divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, W 2 is a hydrogen atom, C1-10, preferably 1 to 5 monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, Preferably, it represents a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms or a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms. ]
[0034]
Among these, [Ia] and [Ib] substituted phenols are preferred. As the substituted phenols of [Ia], those having n of 10 to 30, particularly 10 to 26 are preferable. Specific examples thereof include decylphenol, dodecylphenol, tetradecylphenol, hexadecylphenol, and octadecyl. Phenol, eicosylphenol, docosylphenol and triacontylphenol can be mentioned.
[0035]
Further, as the substituted phenols of [Ib], compounds in which X is —R—CO—O— and R is a single bond are suitable, and those in which n is 10 to 30, particularly 10 to 26. Specific examples thereof include, for example, decyl hydroxybenzoate, dodecyl hydroxybenzoate, tetradecyl hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl hydroxybenzoate, eicosyl hydroxybenzoate, docosyl hydroxybenzoate and triacontyl hydroxybenzoate.
[0036]
In the substituted phenols or substituted benzoic acid chlorides represented by the above general formulas [Ia] to [Ig], the position of the substituent is generally preferably the p-position or the o-position, and a mixture of both is preferable.
[0037]
The monofunctional phenols are desirably introduced into at least 5 mol%, preferably at least 10 mol% of the terminals of the resulting aromatic polycarbonate copolymer, and the monofunctional phenols are used alone. Or you may use it in mixture of 2 or more types.
[0038]
Further, in the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention, when 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene is 60 mol% or more of the total aromatic hydroxy component, the resin fluidity Therefore, it is preferable to use the substituted phenols or substituted benzoic acid chlorides represented by the above general formulas [Ia] to [Ig] as a terminal terminator.
[0039]
The aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention may be a polyester carbonate copolymerized with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, within the range not impairing the gist of the present invention. . Moreover, the branched polycarbonate which copolymerized a small amount of trifunctional compounds may be sufficient.
[0040]
The aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention has a glass transition point of preferably 160 ° C. or higher, more preferably 180 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
[0041]
The light guide plate of the present invention may have a thickness of about 0.5 to 3 mm, and the shape may be any of a flat plate shape, a curved surface shape, a wedge shape, and the like. Usually, the light source side is thicker and thinner as it is farther from the light source so as to maintain uniform surface emission, but the minimum is 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 to 3 mm, and more preferably 1.0 to 2. 5 mm. If the minimum thickness is less than 0.1 mm, the rigidity is insufficient, which is not preferable. If the thickness is more than 3 mm, it becomes heavy and is not practical. Further, as the light scattering layer on the front surface or the back surface, for example, a projection having a height of about 10 to 400 μm, preferably a tetrahedral microprism structure is preferable. The light incident on the light guide plate is required to be reflected by the light scattering layer so that the entire surface of the light guide plate shines uniformly. If the refractive index is low, the incident light is totally reflected and is difficult to return to the light guide plate, so that the amount of light traveling through the light guide plate is reduced and is not easily transmitted over a wide area, resulting in increased brightness unevenness. The refractive index of the light guide plate is preferably 1.59 or more, more preferably 1.60 or more.
[0042]
As the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention, a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber, a triazine-based ultraviolet absorber, a benzoxazine-based ultraviolet absorber, or a benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorber is used.
[0043]
Examples of the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber include 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl). ) -5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-tert-octylphenyl) ) Benzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-5'-methyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis (4- (1,1,3,3- Tetramethylbutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol), 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-bis (α, α-dimethylben) L) phenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, 2- (3 ′, 5′-di-tert-amyl-2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2- (2-hydroxy-3- ( 4-methoxy-α-cumyl) -5-tert-butylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole and the like.
[0044]
Among them, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl) -5′-methylphenyl) Benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-di-tert-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-tert-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (3 '-Tert-butyl-5'-methyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole is preferred, and 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octylphenyl) benzotriazole is more preferred.
[0045]
As the triazine-based ultraviolet absorber, hydroxyphenyltriazine-based, for example, trade name Tinuvin 400 (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) is preferable.
[0046]
Examples of the benzoxazine-based ultraviolet absorber include 2-methyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-butyl-3,1-benzoxazine-4-one, 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazine -4-one, 2- (1- or 2-naphthyl) -3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2- (4-biphenyl) -3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2,2 ′ -Bis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2'-p-phenylenebis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2,2'-m-phenylenebis (3,1- Benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2 ′-(4,4′-diphenylene) bis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 2,2 ′-(2,6 or 1,5-naphthalene) ) Bis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), 1,3 5-tris (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one-2-yl) benzene and the like are mentioned, among which 2,2′-p-phenylenebis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one) is preferable. .
[0047]
Examples of the benzophenone ultraviolet absorber include 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2′-carboxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and the like can be mentioned, among which 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone is preferable. These ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0048]
These ultraviolet absorbers are 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the polycarbonate resin. If it is less than 0.01% by weight, the ultraviolet absorption performance is insufficient, and if it exceeds 5% by weight, the hue of the resin may be deteriorated.
[0049]
The fluorescent brightening agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is used for improving the color tone of a synthetic resin to white or bluish white. For example, stilbene, benzimidazole, naphthalimide , Rhodamine-based, coumarin-based, and oxazine-based compounds. The compounding amount of the optical brightener is 0.0005 to 0.1 parts by weight, preferably 0.001 to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of the aromatic polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention and the transparent fine particles. Parts, more preferably 0.005 to 0.02 parts by weight. If the blending amount is less than 0.0005 parts by weight, sufficient surface light emission and color tone improving effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.1 parts by weight, unevenness in color tone is caused. In addition, the cost is increased.
[0050]
In the present invention, a bluing agent may be used. Examples of such a bluing agent include Macrolex Violet manufactured by Bayer Co., Ltd., Dialresin Violet manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Dial Resin Blue, Sand Co., Ltd. Terrazol blue made by the company, and the most suitable is macrolex violet. These bluing agents are preferably incorporated into the aromatic polycarbonate resin at a concentration of 0.1 to 3 ppm, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 ppm, and most preferably 0.3 to 1.2 ppm.
[0051]
In the present invention, if necessary, the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer is blended with at least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid and esters thereof. be able to. The amount of the phosphorus compound is preferably 0.0001 to 0.05% by weight, more preferably 0.0005 to 0.02% by weight, and more preferably 0.001 to 0.01% with respect to the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer. Weight percent is particularly preferred. By blending this phosphorus compound, the thermal stability of the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer is improved, and a decrease in molecular weight and a deterioration in hue during molding are prevented.
[0052]
The phosphorus compound is at least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid and esters thereof, and preferably has the following general formula:
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[Wherein, R 5 to R 16 are each independently a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl. Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as octadecyl, an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as phenyl, tolyl and naphthyl, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms such as benzyl and phenethyl; In the case where two alkyl groups are present, the two alkyl groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring. ]
At least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0058]
Examples of the phosphorus compound represented by the above formula (1) include triphenyl phosphite, trisnonylphenyl phosphite, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, and trioctyl phosphite. , Trioctadecyl phosphite, didecyl monophenyl phosphite, dioctyl monophenyl phosphite, diisopropyl monophenyl phosphite, monobutyl diphenyl phosphite, monodecyl diphenyl phosphite, monooctyl diphenyl phosphite, bis (2,6-di -Tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, 2,2-methylenebis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) octyl phosphite, bis (nonylphenyl) pentae Sri diphosphite, bis (2,4-di -tert- butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and distearyl pentaerythritol phosphite.
[0059]
Examples of the phosphorus compound represented by the formula (2) include tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, diphenyl monoorthoxenyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, diisopropyl phosphate, and the like (3 ) The phosphorus compound represented by the formula includes tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4-diphenylenephosphonite, and the compound represented by the formula (4) Examples thereof include dimethyl benzenephosphonate, diethyl benzenephosphonate, and dipropyl benzenephosphonate.
[0060]
Among these phosphorus compounds, trisnonylphenyl phosphite, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4-diphenylene Phosphonite is preferably used.
[0061]
To the polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention, an antioxidant generally known for the purpose of antioxidant can be added. Examples thereof include phenolic antioxidants, specifically, for example, triethylene glycol-bis [3- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 1,6 -Hexanediol-bis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], pentaerythritol-tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) Propionate], octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl -4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, N, N-hexamethylenebis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- Loxy-hydrocinnamide), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylphosphonate-diethyl ester, tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 3.9 -Bis {1,1-dimethyl-2- [β- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy] ethyl} -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro (5 5) Undecane etc. are mentioned. The range of the preferable addition amount of these antioxidants is 0.0001-0.05 weight% with respect to a polycarbonate copolymer.
[0062]
Furthermore, a higher fatty acid ester of a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol can be added to the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention as necessary.
[0063]
The higher fatty acid ester is preferably a partial ester or a total ester of a monovalent or polyhydric alcohol having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a saturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms. Further, partial esters or total esters of such monohydric or polyhydric alcohols and saturated fatty acids include stearic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid monosorbate, behenic acid monoglyceride, pentaerythritol monostearate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, propylene glycol. Examples thereof include monostearate, stearyl stearate, palmityl palmitate, butyl stearate, methyl laurate, isopropyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate, among which stearic acid monoglyceride and pentaerythritol tetrastearate are preferably used. .
[0064]
The blending amount of the ester of alcohol and higher fatty acid is preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.015 to 0.5% by weight, and more preferably 0.02 to 0.5% by weight based on the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer. 0.2 wt% is more preferable. If the blending amount is within this range, it is preferable that the release property is excellent and the release agent does not migrate and adhere to the metal surface.
[0065]
In the aromatic polycarbonate copolymer of the present invention, additives such as colorants, antistatic agents, lubricants, fillers, other polycarbonate resins, and other thermoplastic resins are further reduced within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present invention. A proportion can also be added.
[0066]
As a method for obtaining a molded product from the aromatic polycarbonate resin composition of the present invention, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding or the like is used, and as a method for producing a film or sheet, it has excellent thickness uniformity, gel, A method that does not cause optical defects such as butts, fish eyes, and scratches is preferred, and examples thereof include a melt extrusion method and a calendar method.
[0067]
Molded articles manufactured by such a method have high light transmittance, excellent light diffusibility, excellent surface light emission and uniform brightness, and high rigidity. It is suitable for a light guide plate used for a liquid crystal display or a liquid crystal television backlight type or a scanner having little unevenness and warpage.
[0068]
【Example】
The following examples further illustrate the present invention. The part in an Example is a weight part and% is weight%. The evaluation was based on the following method.
(1) Specific viscosity: 0.7 g of polymer was dissolved in 100 ml of methylene chloride and measured at a temperature of 20 ° C.
(2) Glass transition point (Tg): Measured by DuPont 910 DSC.
(3) b value of monomer solution: 10 g of a sample was dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol and measured with a color difference meter 300A by Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd. in a sample tube with an optical path length of 30 mm.
(4) Total light transmittance: It measured using Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd. MDH-300A based on ASTM D-1003.
(5) Average luminance: vertical 100mm backlight unit, the lateral 100mm, built in the light guide plate test piece having a thickness of 1 to 2 mm, irradiated with a cold cathode tube from the edge, the luminance of nine points of the test piece (cd / m 2 ) Was measured with a luminance meter BM-7 manufactured by Topcon Corporation, and the average value was taken as the average luminance.
(6) Brightness unevenness: The ratio of the minimum brightness and the maximum brightness in the brightness measurement result was defined as brightness unevenness.
Brightness unevenness (%) = (minimum brightness / maximum brightness) × 100
(7) Refractive index: Measured using an Abbe refractometer.
[0069]
[Synthesis Example 1]
A reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a reflux condenser was charged with 24623 parts of ion-exchanged water and 4153 parts of a 48% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy) having a b value of 3.0 in an ethanol solution. 1936.9 parts of -3-methylphenyl) fluorene (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “biscresol fluorene”), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “bisphenol A”) ) After 2726 parts and 8 parts of hydrosulfite were dissolved, 18188 parts of methylene chloride was added, and then 1994 parts of phosgene were blown in at 15 to 25 ° C. with stirring for 60 minutes. After the completion of phosgene blowing, a solution prepared by dissolving 102.5 parts of p-tert-butylphenol in 330 parts of methylene chloride and 692.1 parts of 48% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added, and after emulsification, 5.8 parts of triethylamine was added and 28 to 28 The reaction was terminated by stirring for 1 hour at 33 ° C. After completion of the reaction, the product is diluted with methylene chloride, washed with water, acidified with hydrochloric acid and washed with water. When the conductivity of the aqueous phase is almost the same as that of ion-exchanged water, the methylene chloride phase is concentrated and dehydrated to remove polycarbonate. A solution with a concentration of 20% was obtained. The polycarbonate obtained by removing the solvent from this solution had a molar ratio of biscresol fluorene to bisphenol A of 30:70 (polymer yield 97%). This polymer had a specific viscosity of 0.337 and a Tg of 190 ° C. This polymer is designated as polycarbonate A.
[0070]
[Synthesis Example 2]
The ratio of biscresol fluorene to bisphenol A in a molar ratio was 50:50 in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that the amount of biscresol fluorene used in Synthesis Example 1 was 3171.4 parts and the amount of bisphenol A used was 1913 parts. As a result, 5300 parts (yield 96%) of the polymer was obtained. This polymer had a specific viscosity of 0.320 and Tg of 205 ° C. This polymer is designated as polycarbonate B.
[0071]
[Synthesis Example 3]
Ion exchange water 35315 parts and 48% sodium hydroxide 3920 parts were put in the same apparatus as in Synthesis Example 1, and α, α′-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -m-diisopropylbenzene (abbreviated as bisphenol M) 2954.9. Then, 3228.1 parts of biscresol fluorene and 14 parts of hydrosulfite were dissolved, 12775 parts of methylene chloride was added, and 1946 parts of phosgene was blown in at 45 ° C. with stirring for 15 minutes. After the completion of phosgene blowing, 108.5 parts of p-tert-butylphenol and 710.5 parts of 48% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added to emulsify, 4.55 parts of triethylamine was added, and the reaction was stirred for 1 hour at 28 to 33 ° C. Ended. This was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a polymer having a molar ratio of bisphenol M to biscresol fluorene units of 50:50 (yield 98%). This product had a specific viscosity of 0.250 and Tg of 180 ° C. This polymer is designated as polycarbonate C.
[0072]
[Synthesis Example 4]
A bisphenol A homopolycarbonate was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that biscresol fluorene of Synthesis Example 1 was not used and 3894.2 parts of bisphenol A was used. This had a specific viscosity of 0.365 and Tg of 148 ° C. This polymer is designated as polycarbonate D.
[0073]
[Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-3]
To the polycarbonate resins obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 to 4, 0.05 part of tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-) Hydrophobic whitening agent (Kayalite OS manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) prepared by mixing 0.01 part of hydroxyphenyl) propionate and 0.03 part of pentaerythritol tetrastearate and adjusting the amount shown in Table 1. A mixture of 2,2′-p-phenylenebis (3,1-benzoxazin-4-one) added and mixed as an ultraviolet absorber was subjected to an extruder temperature of 280 to 320 ° C. and a die temperature of 290 to 330 using a vented extruder. The melt was extruded and pelletized while maintaining the degree of vacuum at 27 ° C. at 25 ° C. The pellets were dried at 120 ° C. for 4 hours, and a microprism stamper with a height of 50 μm was inserted into a 100 × 100 × 2 mm cavity, and a light guide plate was molded at a cylinder temperature of 330 ° C. and a mold temperature of 117 ° C. The results of evaluating the obtained light guide plate are shown in Table 1.
[0074]
[Table 1]
【The invention's effect】
The heat-resistant and high-refractive-index light guide plate of the present invention has high light transmittance and excellent light guide properties, and can obtain excellent surface light emission and uniform brightness, heat resistance, rigidity Is good, so that there is little brightness unevenness and warping, and the liquid crystal display is excellent in color tone, the backlight type light guide plate of the liquid crystal television, particularly the backlight light guide plate used for parts that require heat resistance such as in-vehicle panels, or It is suitable for the light guide plate used in the scanner, and the industrial effect brought about by the present invention is exceptional.
Claims (5)
で表されるジヒドロキシ成分からなるポリカーボネート共重合体を主成分とする樹脂組成物１００重量部と紫外線吸収剤０．０１〜５重量部からなる樹脂組成物より形成された高屈折性導光板。5-95 mol% of the total aromatic dihydroxy component is 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene, and 95-5 mol% is the following general formula [1]
A highly refractive light guide plate formed from 100 parts by weight of a resin composition comprising as a main component a polycarbonate copolymer comprising a dihydroxy component represented by the formula (1) and 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of an ultraviolet absorber.
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| JP2003177765A JP2005018993A (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | High-refrangibility light guide plate |
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| JP2003177765A JP2005018993A (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | High-refrangibility light guide plate |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2007131679A (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp | Optical waveguide |
| WO2007132604A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Light diffusing resin composition and light diffusing plate using the same |
| JP2008531793A (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2008-08-14 | バイエル・マテリアルサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Highly light transmissive light scattering molded articles and their use in flat screens |
| WO2009128178A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | シャープ株式会社 | Illuminating device and liquid crystal display device |
| JP2018203972A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Aromatic polycarbonate resin composition |
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2003
- 2003-06-23 JP JP2003177765A patent/JP2005018993A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008531793A (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2008-08-14 | バイエル・マテリアルサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Highly light transmissive light scattering molded articles and their use in flat screens |
| JP4864013B2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2012-01-25 | バイエル・マテリアルサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Highly light transmissive light scattering molded articles and their use in flat screens |
| JP2007131679A (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp | Optical waveguide |
| WO2007132604A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Light diffusing resin composition and light diffusing plate using the same |
| JP2007302793A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Light-diffusing resin composition and light-diffusing plate obtained using the same |
| KR101393822B1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2014-05-12 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | Light diffusing resin composition and light diffusing plate using the same |
| US8795824B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2014-08-05 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Light diffusing resin composition and light diffusing plate using the same |
| WO2009128178A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | シャープ株式会社 | Illuminating device and liquid crystal display device |
| US8345188B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2013-01-01 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Illumination device and liquid crystal display device |
| JP2018203972A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Aromatic polycarbonate resin composition |
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