JP2005007411A - Method and device for bending - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a device for bending which can prevent the occurrence of die breakage accidents by detecting erroneous mounting of a die, misuse of works with different plate thicknesses, and setting error of the die original position or the like at an initial stage of bending. <P>SOLUTION: The bending device 1 is provided with a position detector for detecting a stroke position of a ram 11 and a bending angle detecting device. The bending method is constituted as follows in the device. When the tip position of a punch at the time of the changes of angle information detected by the bending angle detecting device is represented by a pinching point P<SB>B</SB>and a pinching point calculated from shape data of a using die and plate thickness data of a using work is represented by P<SB>A</SB>, and if [P<SB>A</SB>-P<SB>B</SB>]<threshold α is not satisfied to the preset "threshold α", it is judged that there is an error of the using die or the plate thickness of the using work, and then, the lowering of the ram is subjected to the emergency stop or an alarm is displayed on a display device. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bending method and apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A mold different from the mold to be used is mistakenly attached to the bending apparatus and processed as it is, and the mold may be subjected to a load higher than the pressure resistance, causing a mold damage accident. Also, when changing the mold, the setting of the new mold origin position may be forgotten, or a workpiece with a plate thickness different from the plate thickness set in the machine may be set, causing a mold breakage accident. All of these mold breakage accidents are caused by human error, and a bending method and apparatus that can prevent such human error is desired.
[0003]
As a method for preventing mold damage accidents due to human error, for example, a plurality of pressure sensors such as piezoelectric elements are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the mold so that the pressure applied to the mold during bending can be measured. When a pressing force is applied to the mold, a bending device (for example, Patent Document 1) that stops the drive unit of the bending machine in an emergency stop and a pressure detector for a ram driving hydraulic cylinder are provided. There is also a split mold protection device in a bending apparatus in which bending is stopped when a pressure exceeding the safe pressure that does not cause damage is generated in the hydraulic cylinder (for example, Patent Document 2).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-23747
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-15621 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the die breakage prevention technology in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it is detected that an excessive pressurizing force is generated immediately after the bending process has progressed and the driving unit of the bending machine is stopped immediately. Even if an emergency stop is applied to the drive unit, it is difficult to stop the ram instantaneously due to the large inertia of the ram, and the mold may be damaged. Further, the pressure detection means of Patent Document 1 uses a large number of pressure sensors such as piezoelectric elements, which increases the cost.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to erroneously mount dies having different sizes, misuse workpieces having different plate thicknesses, missetting the mold origin, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a bending method and apparatus which can be detected at an initial stage of bending and prevent a mold breakage accident.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the bending method according to claim 1 is a bending device comprising a position detector for detecting a stroke position of a ram and a bending angle detection device. When the position of the punch tip at the time when the angle information detected by the angle detection device is changed is the pinching point P _B and the pinching point calculated from the mold shape data used and the plate thickness data of the workpiece used is P _A If | P _A −P _B | <α is not satisfied with respect to the preset “threshold value α”, there is an error in the plate thickness of the mold or workpiece used. The gist is to judge and to stop the descending of the ram or to display an alarm on the display device.
[0009]
The bending method according to claim 2, wherein the bending process includes a position detector that detects a stroke position of the ram and a displacement meter that is provided inside the die and directly detects a relative stroke value of the punch with respect to the die. in the apparatus, the punch tip position at which the displacement meter there is a change in the displacement detecting the pinching point P _B, the pinching point calculated from the plate thickness data of the used mold shape data and use the work and P _a When | P _A −P _B | <α is not satisfied with respect to the preset “threshold value α”, there is an error in the plate thickness of the mold or workpiece used. The gist is to determine that the ram is lowered and to stop the descending of the ram or to display an alarm on the display device.
[0010]
The bending apparatus according to claim 3 is a bending apparatus provided with a position detector for detecting the stroke position of the ram and a bending angle detection apparatus. a pinching point calculating means for calculating a pinching point P _a, the bending and pinching point P _B detected from the angle change of the angle detection device and the pinching point P _a is the preconfigured "threshold α" in contrast, the inequality _{| P a -P B | <α} , and a pinching point comparison operation means for comparison operation whether to satisfy the inequality | P a _-P B | _<a is not satisfied alpha is Therefore, it is necessary to judge that there is an error in the thickness of the mold used or the workpiece to be used, and to stop the descending of the ram or to display an alarm on the display device. It is an.
[0011]
5. A bending apparatus according to claim 4, comprising: a position detector that detects a stroke position of the ram; and a displacement meter that is provided inside the die and directly detects a relative stroke value of the punch with respect to the die. in the apparatus, the pinching point calculating means for calculating a pinching point P _a from the use mold data and thickness data using the work, the the pinching point P _B detected from a change in displacement of the displacement gauge and the pinching point P _a is And a pinching point comparison calculating means for comparing and calculating whether or not an inequality | P _A −P _B | <α is satisfied with respect to a preset “threshold α”, and the inequality | P _a -P B | if not satisfied _<alpha, it is judged that the error in the thickness of the used molds or the use workpiece had, emergency stop lowering of the ram It is an gist to display or on a display device an alarm to.
[0012]
The bending method according to claim 5, wherein the pinching point detection includes a position detector for detecting a stroke position of the ram and a pinching point detecting means for detecting contact between the punch and the die. a punch tip position means detects the pinching point P _B, when the pinching point calculated from the used mold shape data and use the work sheet thickness data and P _a, which is set in advance to "threshold α" On the other hand, if | P _A −P _B | <α is not satisfied, it is determined that there is an error in the plate thickness of the mold used or the workpiece used, and the ram descending is stopped immediately. Or displaying an alarm on a display device.
[0013]
7. A bending apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the bending apparatus includes a position detector for detecting a stroke position of the ram and a pinching point detecting means for detecting contact between the punch and the die. a pinching point calculating means for calculating a pinching point P _a from the thickness data and using die data, the a pinching point detecting unit pinched detects ing point P _B and the pinching point P _a has been set in advance to "threshold And a pinching point comparison calculation means for comparing and calculating whether or not the inequality | P _A −P _B | <α is satisfied with respect to the value α ”, and the inequality | P _A −P _B | <α is satisfied. If not, it is determined that there is an error in the thickness of the mold used or the workpiece used, and the lowering of the ram is stopped or stopped. It is an gist to display the over beam on a display device.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
1 and 2 show the overall configuration of a descending type bending apparatus (press brake) 1 capable of performing the bending method according to the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bending apparatus 1 has a pair of left and right side plates 3. A lower table 5 is fixed to the lower front side of the side plates 3, and a pair of left and right ram driving hydraulic cylinders are located above. 7 is provided.
[0016]
Above the lower table 5, a split type die 9 combined with an appropriate length is mounted, and a ram 11 guided so as to move up and down in the direction of the die 9 is mounted on the pair of left and right cylinders 7. Is attached. A punch 13 facing the die 9 is attached to the lower end of the ram 11.
[0017]
A reinforcing plate 15 is integrally welded to the outside of the pair of side plates 3, and a position detector 17 that detects the stroke position of the ram 11 is provided on the reinforcing plate 15. Further, an NC device 19 for controlling the bending apparatus 1 is attached to the left side plate 3 in FIG. As the position detector 17, a linear sensor such as a magnetic scale or Inductosyn (trademark) can be used.
[0018]
In the bending apparatus 1 described above, a bending angle detection device 21 disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-79318, which is the application of the present applicant shown in FIGS. It is mounted on the split die 9 so that the change in the bending angle of the workpiece W can be sequentially detected after the tip 12 of the punch 13 contacts the workpiece W until the stroke end of the ram 11 is reached. Yes.
[0019]
The above-described bending angle detection device 21 includes a unit base 25 that is detachable between adjacent dies 9, and a V-shape that is constantly urged upward by two compression springs 27 on the upper portion of the unit base 25. And a semicircular rotary contact 31 pivotally supported on both sides of the V-shaped upper portion of the contact support plate 29, and the like. The two compression springs 27, the contact support plate 29, the rotary contact 31 and the like described above are also detachably provided between the adjacent dies 9.
[0020]
An auxiliary base 33 is attached to the unit base 25 of the bending angle detection device 21 so as to be positioned outside the die 9, and is linearly connected to the upper end of a tension spring 35 having a lower end fixed to the lower portion of the auxiliary base 33. One end of the wire 39 in a state in which the wire 37 is wound around a half turn along the outer peripheral surface of the rotary contact 31 via a plurality of wheels 41 from the upper end portion of the scale 37 and the linear scale 37 Is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary contact 31.
[0021]
The other rotary contact 31 has the same configuration, and in FIG. 3, the wire 39 and the plurality of wheels 41 are indicated by dotted lines.
[0022]
In the above configuration, since the two rotary contacts 31 are always pulled downward by the tension spring 35, in a normal state, a stopper (not shown) is provided so that the string portions of the two rotary contacts 31 are positioned in a horizontal state. ) To stop. Note that the string portion of the rotary contact 31 is set to be substantially the same level or slightly higher than the upper surface of the die 9 in a normal state where the work is not placed on the upper surface of the die 9.
[0023]
Further, in the vicinity of the linear scale 37, a reading head 43 for detecting the movement amount of the linear scale 37 is attached to the auxiliary base 33, and a signal of the reading head 43 is sent to the NC device 19. ing.
[0024]
In the bending angle detection device 21 configured as described above, as the workpiece W is bent by the cooperation of the punch 13 and the die 9, the two rotary contacts 31 rotate as the workpiece W is bent, As the rotary contact 31 turns, the wire 39 is pulled upward, and the linear scale 37 moves upward.
[0025]
By reading the amount of movement of the linear scale 37, the amount of rotation of the rotary contact 31 can be detected, and the bending angle of the workpiece W can be calculated and calculated from the amount of rotation in the NC unit 19.
[0026]
In the bending apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration, a workpiece (not shown) is inserted between the die 9 and the punch 13, and the front end of the workpiece is brought into contact with an abutting device (not shown) for folding. If the ram 11 is lowered by positioning the bending position and giving an operation command to the ram drive control unit 39 of the NC device 19 via a switch (not shown) such as a foot pedal, the accuracy of the bending angle is achieved. However, it is possible to perform a good bending process.
[0027]
Next, the setting of the reference position of the stroke of the ram 11 and the pinching point will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, it refers to a position where the tip 12 of the punch 13 _A is in contact under a predetermined pressure in the bottom of the V groove 10 of the die 9 _A and mold origin O _A, the die origin O _A The reference position of the stroke (D value) of the ram 11 is used.
[0028]
The pinching point, the position where the tip 12 of the punch 13 _A is in contact with the workpiece W placed on the plate thickness t at the top of the die 9 _A is called a pinching point P _A die 9 _A. That is, the position of the pinching point P _A is equal to the distance to the upper surface of the workpiece W from the origin O _A. The distance from the origin O _A of the pinching point P _A is the thickness of the workpiece W is t, when the bending mold is V Mizokin type of 90 °, if the V groove width and V, It can be calculated as P _A = V / 2 + t.
[0029]
Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the pinching point of the different die 9 _B heights, the origin position O _B of the die 9 _B is H _B> H _A has the upper portion of the lower table 5 to H _B. Here, H _A is the height from the upper surface of the lower table 5 of the origin O _A of the die 9 _A shown in FIG. Here, P _A = P _B , and therefore P _A + H _A <P _B + H _B.
[0030]
FIG. 7 is a view when the workpiece W ′ having a plate thickness of 2 * t is erroneously placed in FIG.
[0031]
Now, when replacing the die 9 _A, the height of the die origin replaced with different die 9 _B, forgot the setting of the NC device of the mold origin O _B of the die 9 _B, before the exchange leave the origin O _a of the die 9 _a, if the determined target stroke S and pinching point P of the ram 11, the stroke S _B to pinching point of the ram 11, the stroke limit of the mold origin O _B and ram 11 if the distance between the (not shown) and _{L B,} the S _{B =} L _B -P _B.
[0032]
Also, when using the same manner the die _{9 A,} the stroke _{S A,} if the distance between the stroke limit of the ram 11 (not shown) and _{L A,} the S _{A =} L _A -P _A . Therefore, from P _A = P _B and L _A <L _B , S _B <S _A.
[0033]
8 forget set to NC apparatus as described above the die origin O _B, while the origin setting die 9 _A, the bending angle of the change to the relationship between the ram stroke in the case of performing bending Is shown.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 8, the remains of origin setting of the die 9 _A, the pinching point P _B before the punch tip reaches the pinching point P _A, the change is bending angle from the bending angle detector 21 Is detected. When the detection angle from the bending angle detection device 21 changes, it is determined that the tip of the punch 13 is in contact with the surface of the workpiece W.
[0035]
FIG. 9 shows the bending angle when the workpiece W having a thickness of 2 * t is mistakenly set at the place where the workpiece W having a thickness of t is to be set as shown in FIG. This shows the relationship between the change in the ram and the ram stroke.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 9, in the change in the bending angle occurs before the punch tip reaches the pinching point P _A of the workpiece W having a thickness t, by detecting the change in the bending angle, erroneous It is possible to detect that a workpiece W having a different thickness is inserted.
[0037]
Referring to FIG. 10, the NC device 19 inputs product information such as workpiece material, plate thickness t, machining shape, mold shape data, bending angle to a CPU 41 as a central processing unit. Such an input device 43, a display device 45 such as an LCD or a CRT display, and a memory 47 for storing input data, a machining program, and the like are connected.
[0038]
The CPU 41 is connected to the bending angle detection device 21 and the position detector 17 for detecting the stroke position of the ram. The data from the bending angle detection device 21 and the position detector 17 are also connected. A pinching point calculation means 49 that calculates the pinching point P based on the above data and a ram drive control unit 39 that controls the ram stroke under the command of the machining program are connected.
[0039]
Next, the bending method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
[0040]
First, product information such as workpiece material, sheet thickness t, machining shape, mold shape data, and bending angle is input from the input device 43 to the NC device 19 (step S1).
Next, the bending order and the mold to be used are determined from these data (step S2), and the L value and the D value are calculated and determined (step S3).
[0041]
The bending order and the mold to be used are displayed on the display device 45. The L value referred to here is the distance from the front end of the workpiece to the fold line, and this causes the abutment device to move back and forth so that the fold position of the workpiece W is positioned directly below the punch. The D values as described above, is the distance from the origin O _A mold to punch the tip.
[0042]
Next, pinching point P _A is determined by calculation from the equation _{P A = V / 2 + t} ( step S4), and the tip of the punch mounted to the ram 11 is the goal of P _A is a position where it comes into contact with the workpiece W The ram drive control unit 39 is lowered (step S5).
[0043]
It is continuously checked whether or not the angle information detected by the bending angle detection device 21 has changed (step S6). When the angle change is detected, it is determined that the punch tip is in contact with the workpiece W. Then, the punch tip position P _B at the moment of contact is detected by the position detector 17 (step S7).
[0044]
If there is no change in the angle information in step S6, the process returns to step S5 to continue the lowering of the ram 11 to a position where the angle change is detected.
[0045]
When detecting the angular change as described above, the absolute value of the difference between the values of the stroke position P _B of the pinching point P _A in step S8 | P A _-P B _| is preset "threshold It is determined whether or not the value is smaller than the value α (| P _A −P _B | <threshold α).
[0046]
If | P _A −P _B | is smaller than “threshold α” in step S8, the ram 11 continues to be lowered until the target D value or the target bending angle is reached (step S9, step S9). S10).
[0047]
If | P _A −P _B | is greater than the “threshold value α” in the previous step S8, it is determined that there is an error in the die (punch or die) or workpiece thickness. Then, the descending of the ram 11 is emergency stopped or an alarm is displayed on the display device 45 (step S11).
[0048]
In addition, it replaces with the said bending angle detection apparatus 21 used in the Example of this invention, The displacement which directly detects the stroke of the punch currently disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-205341 which is an application of this application. It is also possible to use a meter (work bottom position sensor).
[0049]
The above-mentioned displacement meter is a displacement meter that protrudes from the center of the V-groove to the center of the V-groove so that the relative stroke value of the punch with respect to the die can be directly detected. The stroke position at the time of detection can be detected as the pinching point.
[0050]
In addition, as long as the change of the bending angle of the workpiece | work W is detectable, it is not limited to these bending angle detection apparatuses, Moreover, either a contact detection or a non-contact detection may be sufficient.
[0051]
Next, there are various methods for detecting the pinching point based on the physical quantity related to the pressure applied to the contact between the punch and the workpiece as described below.
[0052]
1. As in the press brake stroke control device described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-30327, the pressure change in the hydraulic cylinder for ram driving is detected, and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder suddenly increases from the point when the punch and the workpiece contact. Since it rises, this contact position can be detected as a pinching point.
[0053]
2. In a screw-type bending apparatus described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-53047 that drives a ram up and down with a servomotor and a screw, the servomotor is provided with a torque detector that detects the torque of the servomotor. It is also possible to detect pinching points by detecting changes in
[0054]
3. A strain gauge can be attached to the frame of the bending apparatus, and the pinching point can be detected from the distortion of the frame that occurs when the punch and the workpiece come into contact with each other.
[0055]
Further, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-74746, in a screw type bending apparatus that drives a ram up and down by a servo motor and a screw, a command value of the servo motor caused by backlash of a feed screw It is also possible to detect a pinching point by detecting a sudden increase change in the “error pulse amount” that is the difference between the ram position detection value and the ram position detection value.
[0056]
Alternatively, as described in Japanese Patent No. 2507736, there is a means for detecting contact with a punch die, that is, a pinching point by detecting electrical conduction.
[0057]
When using the pinching point detection means as described above, in step S6 of the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 described above, instead of determining whether there is a change in the bending angle, it is determined whether a pinching point has been detected. I will go. In addition, the process after step S6 becomes the same as the above-mentioned process.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, erroneous mounting of dies having different sizes, misuse of workpieces having different thicknesses, setting errors of the mold origin, and the like are detected at the initial stage of bending. A mold breakage accident can be prevented in advance.
[0059]
Further, since a bending angle detector provided in the bending apparatus or a displacement meter (workpiece bottom position sensor) for directly detecting the stroke of the punch can be used, there is almost no extra cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a bending apparatus (front view) capable of performing a bending method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a bending apparatus (left side view) capable of performing the bending method according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bending angle detection device (perspective view) in a state of being mounted on a bending apparatus.
4 is a schematic diagram of the bending angle detection device in FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of setting a reference position of a ram stroke and pinching points.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of pinching points of dies having different heights.
FIG. 7 is a view when a workpiece W ′ having a plate thickness of 2 * t is erroneously placed in FIG.
[8] forget setting the origin O _B of the die 9 _B which are replaced during die replacement, remain before the replacement die 9 _A of origin setting, bending angle change and the ram in the case of performing bending The figure which showed the relationship with a stroke.
FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the change in the bending angle and the ram stroke when the workpiece W with a thickness of 2 * t is mistakenly set at the place where the workpiece W with the thickness t should be set. FIG.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of the NC device 19;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a bending method according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Bending device 3 Side plate 5 Lower table 7 Cylinder 9 Die 11 Ram 13 Punch 15 Reinforcement plate 17 Position detector 19 NC device 21 Bending angle detector 23 Die holder 25 Unit base 27 Compression spring 29 Contact support plate 31 Rotating contact child 33 auxiliary base 35 tension spring 37 the linear scale 39 wire 41 wheel _P a, _{P B} pinching point _O a, _{O B} mold origin (reference position of the ram stroke)
W, W 'Work α Threshold

Claims (6)

In a bending apparatus provided with a position detector for detecting the stroke position of a ram and a bending angle detection device, pinching the punch tip position at the time when the angle information detected by the bending angle detection device has changed a point P _B, when the pinching point calculated from the used mold shape data and use the work sheet thickness data and P _a, against which is set in advance to "threshold α", | P _a -P _{If B} | <α is not satisfied, it is determined that there is an error in the thickness of the mold or workpiece used, and the ram descending is stopped or an alarm is displayed on the display device. The bending method characterized by carrying out. In a bending apparatus provided with a position detector for detecting a stroke position of a ram and a displacement meter provided in the die for directly detecting a relative stroke value of the punch with respect to the die, the displacement is detected by the displacement meter. When the punch tip position at the time of occurrence is the pinching point P _B and the pinching point calculated from the used mold shape data and the plate thickness data of the used workpiece is P _A , the preset “threshold α ”On the other hand, if | P _A −P _B | <α is not satisfied, it is determined that there is an error in the plate thickness of the mold or workpiece used, and the ram is lowered significantly. A bending method characterized by stopping or displaying an alarm on a display device. _A pinching point calculation means for calculating a pinching point PA from a plate thickness data and a mold data of a workpiece used in a bending apparatus having a position detector for detecting the stroke position of the ram and a bending angle detector. When the bending and pinching point P _B detected from the angle change of the angle detection device and the pinching point P _a is, relative to a preconfigured "threshold α", the inequality | P _a -P _B | <Pinching point comparison operation means for performing a comparison operation to determine whether or not <α is satisfied, and if the inequality | P _A −P _B | <α is not satisfied, the mold used or the workpiece plate used A bending apparatus characterized in that it is determined that there is an error in the thickness, and the descending of the ram is emergency stopped or an alarm is displayed on a display device. In a bending apparatus equipped with a position detector for detecting the stroke position of the ram and a displacement meter for directly detecting the relative stroke value of the punch with respect to the die of the punch, the plate thickness data of the work and the gold used a pinching point calculating means for calculating a pinching point P _a from the mold data, said the pinching point P _B detected from a change in displacement of the displacement gauge and the pinching point P _a has been set in advance to "threshold α" When the inequality | P _A -P _B | <α is satisfied, a pinching point comparison calculation means for comparing and calculating whether or not the inequality | P _A −P _B | <α is satisfied is provided. Determines that there is an error in the thickness of the mold used or the workpiece used, and makes an emergency stop of the lowering of the ram or gives an alarm to the display device. A fold processing unit, characterized in that Shimesuru. In a bending apparatus provided with a position detector for detecting the stroke position of the ram and a pinching point detecting means for detecting contact between the punch and the die, the position of the punch tip detected by the pinching point detecting means is defined as the pinching point P _B When the pinching point calculated from the die shape data used and the plate thickness data of the workpiece used is P _A , | P _A −P _B | < If α is not satisfied, it is determined that there is an error in the thickness of the mold used or the workpiece used, and the lowering of the ram is stopped or an alarm is displayed on the display device. A characteristic bending method. A position detector for detecting a stroke position of the ram, the punch and the bending apparatus having a pinching point detecting means for detecting contact with the die, pinching point from using die data and thickness data using the work P _A a pinching point calculating means for calculating, said the pinching point detecting unit pinched detects ing point P _B and the pinching point P _a is, relative to a preconfigured "threshold α", the inequality | P _a - P B _{| <α,} and a pinching point comparison operation means for comparison operation whether to satisfy the inequality | P a _-P B | _<a is not satisfied alpha, the use molds or the use It is judged that there is an error in the thickness of the workpiece, and the lowering of the ram is stopped emergencyly or an alarm is displayed on the display device. Ori and bending apparatus.

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