JP2004353933A - Granular material supply device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a granular material supply device, and a method, capable of efficiently supplying biomass, to a biomass using facility, for example, a combustion furnace and a gasification furnace. <P>SOLUTION: This granular material supply device has a biomass crusher 2 supplied with a prescribed quantity of biomass 11 by a fixed volume supplier 1, a suction fan 3 being an air current carrying means for carrying the crushed biomass 11 in an air current by carrier gas 4, a solid-gas separation means 12 for separating a gas component in the biomass carried in the air current, and a supply pipe 13 for supplying the biomass 11 of separating the gas component, to a burner 5a of a combustion furnace body 5, for example, the biomass using facility such as a combustion or gasification means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granular material supply apparatus and method capable of efficiently supplying an organic fuel such as biomass to a biomass utilization facility such as a combustion furnace and a gasification furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, biomass refers to an organism (eg, agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, etc.) that can be used as an energy source or industrial raw material, and is produced by the action of solar energy, air, water, soil, and the like. , Is infinitely reproducible.
[0003]
The use of the biomass enables the production of fuel gas, methanol, and the like. Since it treating biomass as waste, along with also serve for purification of the environment, since the biomass produced newly is also grown by fixation of CO ₂ by photosynthesis, no increase of CO ₂ atmosphere, CO ₂ This is a preferred technique because it leads to the suppression of odor.
[0004]
FIG. 4 shows an example of a conventional method for converting biomass into alcohol.
As shown in FIG. 4, a biomass supply means 103 for supplying biomass 101 into a furnace body 102 and an oxidant supply means 105 for supplying a combustion oxidant 104 made of oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and water vapor into the furnace body 2. A biomass gasification furnace 106 comprising: a separation unit 108 such as a cyclone for removing dust in the product gas 107 gasified by the biomass gasification furnace 106; and a cooler 109 for cooling the removed gas. A methanol purifier 110 for purifying the cooled gas, and a methanol synthesizing unit 114 having a distillation unit 113 for synthesizing methanol using the purified gas and separating it into an exhaust gas 111 and methanol 112. A system 112 is configured.
[0005]
As the biomass 101 to be supplied, it is preferable to supply a crushed and dried biomass produced or discarded. In the present invention, biomass refers to biological resources (for example, agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, and the like) that can be used as an energy source or an industrial raw material. For example, sweet sorghum, napier grass, spirulina, and the like are used. (Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Document 1).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-240877 A [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-240878 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Masayasu Sakai, "21st Century Energy Developed by Biomass", Morikita Publishing Co., Ltd., published October 28, 1998.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the gasification or combustion technology using biomass proposed in Patent Document 1 or the like has the following problems.
When conveying the pulverized biomass by gas flow using gas, as shown in FIG. 5, the biomass supplied to the biomass pulverizer 2 by the quantitative feeder 1 is pulverized to a predetermined particle size. The crushed biomass 11 is sucked by using the large suction fan 3. For this reason, a large amount of air 4 is required for transportation from outside, and the air 4 used for this transportation is supplied as it is into a biomass utilization facility such as a biomass gas fuel furnace or a furnace body 5 of a gasification furnace. However, as a result of introducing a large amount of air, there is a problem that combustion and gasification do not proceed.
[0008]
As a result, when incomplete combustion occurs, there is a problem that the generation of CO and NOx increases.
[0009]
Also, biomass has a remarkable natural oxidation temperature rise, and it is difficult to transport it with hot air, so it is difficult to transport fuel using recirculated boiler flue gas in combustion equipment, reducing the overall thermal efficiency of the boiler There is a problem of doing.
[0010]
Furthermore, organic fuels such as biomass often contain various types of biomass, and the problem that the amount of crushed or crushed fuel discharged from a crushing or crushing machine operated at a constant load is not stabilized. is there.
[0011]
Such problems are important not only when using biomass alone but also when supplying biomass for mixed combustion in coal, gas or oil-fired combustion equipment, etc. The emergence of a supply device is desired.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides, for example, a granular material supply device and a method capable of efficiently supplying biomass to a biomass utilization facility such as a combustion furnace or a gasifier using an organic fuel such as biomass. Aim.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an airflow conveying means for airflow conveying pulverized organic fuel, and a solid-gas separation means for separating gas components in the airflow conveyed organic fuel. And a granular material supply device characterized in that air is supplied with an amount of air suitable for the organic fuel utilization means.
[0014]
A second invention is the granular material supply device according to the first invention, wherein the solid-gas separation means is a cyclone.
[0015]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, a rotary valve is interposed in a discharge pipe for discharging the organic fuel from the cyclone, and an injection feeder is provided at an end of the discharge pipe. In the material supply device.
[0016]
A fourth invention is the granular material supply device according to the third invention, wherein the supply of the organic fuel is performed by hot air.
[0017]
According to a fifth aspect, in the third aspect, a quantitative feeder having a storage tank for quantitatively supplying the organic fuel from which the gas is separated is provided on the cyclone outlet side, and the organic fuel from which the gas component is separated is provided. And supplying the organic fuel while temporarily storing the particulate matter.
[0018]
A sixth invention is the particulate matter supply device according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, wherein the organic fuel is biomass.
[0019]
A seventh invention resides in a combustion facility comprising any one of the first to sixth granular material supply devices.
[0020]
An eighth invention is an organic fuel gasification system comprising any one of the first to sixth granular material supply devices.
[0021]
According to a ninth aspect, there is provided a liquid fuel synthesis system using an organic fuel, comprising the particulate matter supply device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects.
[0022]
A tenth aspect of the present invention is a method for supplying a particulate matter, in which a pulverized organic fuel is transported by air flow and supplied to an organic fuel utilizing means, wherein a part of the gas used for the air flow transport is separated and suitable for the organic fuel utilizing means. A method for supplying a granular material, characterized in that the amount of gas is adjusted.
[0023]
An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the granular material supply method according to the tenth aspect, wherein all the gases used for the airflow are separated, and the gas-separated organic fuel is separately supplied as a gas.
[0024]
A twelfth invention is the method for supplying granular material according to the eleventh invention, wherein the pulverized organic fuel is temporarily stored.
[0025]
A thirteenth invention is the method for supplying particulate matter according to any one of the tenth to twelfth inventions, wherein the organic fuel is biomass.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0027]
[First Embodiment]
Here, the granular material supply device will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, in the present embodiment, a case where biomass, which is an organic fuel, is supplied to a burner of a combustion furnace, which is a combustion facility, will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, a particulate matter supply device 10 according to the present embodiment includes a biomass crusher 2 to which a predetermined amount of biomass 11 has been supplied by a quantitative supply device 1, A suction fan 3 which is an airflow transporting means for airflow transport, a solid-gas separation means 12 for separating gas components in the biomass transported by the airflow, and a combustion or gasification means for burning the biomass 11 from which the gas components have been separated. It is provided with a supply pipe 13 for supplying, for example, a burner 5a of the combustion furnace main body 5, which is a biomass utilization facility. Here, examples of the biomass utilization facility include a combustion facility such as a boiler and a gasification facility such as a gasification furnace.
[0028]
In the present invention, biomass refers to biological resources. Examples of biomass include agricultural products or by-products, wood, plants, and the like. Depending on the purpose of biomass conversion, from the viewpoint of the supply of fuel and raw materials, those with stable supply of fuel and raw materials, such as those that are easily available in large quantities and those that grow and grow at a high rate, are considered. preferable. Examples of herbaceous / woody plant biomass include corns, rice, sugarcane such as sweet sorghum, pastures such as napiergrass, and wood. Further, in the present invention, an organic waste or the like which can be used as a substitute raw material for biomass may be used.
[0029]
In order to pulverize the biomass 11, a known biomass pulverizer 2 is used, and the biomass 11 supplied quantitatively from the quantitative supply device 1 that supplies quantitatively is pulverized. The pulverized biomass 11 is forcibly sucked by a suction fan, which is an airflow conveying means 3 for sucking a conveying gas (for example, air) 4 for conveying, and is supplied to a solid-gas separating means 12. In the solid-gas separation means 12, gas components (air) and solid components (biomass) are separated.
[0030]
By the separation of the gaseous components, the air / biomass ratio ((A: Air) / (B: Biomas), hereinafter referred to as “A / B”) is adjusted so as to be suitable for, for example, combustion or gasification of the biomass utilization equipment. are doing.
For example, the ratio A / B is preferably 0.5 / 1 to 3/1, more preferably 1/1 to 2/1. This is because if the ratio is 3/1 or more, there is a possibility that a fire may be caused due to too much air. In particular, when the particle size of the biomass is large, the ignitability is reduced and the influence thereof is remarkable.
[0031]
As the solid-gas separation unit 12, a known separation unit can be used. In the present embodiment, a cyclone is used to achieve solid-gas separation.
[0032]
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, when the gas component separated by the suction fan 15 is sucked into the gas-side outlet of the cyclone as the solid-gas separation means 12, A dust collecting means 16 such as a bag filter for removing fine components contained in the gas is provided to collect and remove fine components in the carrier gas.
[0033]
Flow rate meters (F) 19 and 20 are provided in the carrier gas supply line 17 and the gas exhaust line 18 interposed with the suction fan, respectively. CPU), where the opening of dampers 17a and 18a interposed in the line is controlled so as to have a predetermined flow rate.
As the flow rate control, the A / B ratio is controlled so that the draft inside the cyclone, which is the solid-gas separation means 12, is always appropriate, so that proper biomass transport and solid-gas separation are always performed. . That is, the damper 17a sets the suction gas 4 measured by the flow meter 19 so as to have a predetermined airflow carrier gas amount. Further, the damper 18a calculates the gas amount flowing from the lower part of the cyclone 12 from the difference between the gas amount measured by the flow meter 19 and the gas amount measured by the flow meter 20, and controls the A / B to be a predetermined amount. By doing so, the biomass is properly transported.
[0034]
In this way, by installing the solid-gas separation means 12 such as a cyclone, the carrier gas unnecessary for combustion or the like is separated while leaving only a part of the carrier gas, and is prevented from being supplied to, for example, combustion equipment. Therefore, it can be supplied at a relatively high concentration (concentration suitable for combustion) to, for example, a burner of a combustion facility.
The particulate matter supply device of the present invention is not limited to combustion equipment for burning biomass, such as a boiler, but also applies to other equipment for converting energy of biomass such as gasification equipment.
[0035]
Here, a quantitative supply means capable of quantitatively supplying the biomass will be described below.
As shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical outer cylinder 22 having a bottom surface of a hopper 21 for storing biomass 11 which is a powder and a granule dried and pulverized has a cylindrical shape having a smaller diameter than the outer cylinder 22. An inner cylinder 23 is provided coaxially with the outer cylinder 22, and the inner cylinder 23 has a predetermined gap between its lower end and the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 22. 22 is fixedly connected. A rake 25 is rotated by a drive motor M on the bottom side of the outer cylinder 22 and is pushed out from the inner cylinder 23 toward the outer cylinder 22 to pay out the biomass 11 from an opening 26 provided on the outer peripheral bottom side of the outer cylinder 22. Like that. The discharged biomass 11 is sent to a supply pipe 35 by a cut-out screw feeder 31 provided with a screw 34 in a casing 32. The biomass 11 discharged from the supply pipe 35 is supplied into the biomass crusher 2 having a hopper 42 in which a rotary valve 41 is interposed, and the supplied biomass is crushed to a predetermined particle size.
[0036]
A support member 36 attached to the inner cylinder 22 of the hopper 21 is supported by a gantry (not shown) via a load cell 37 as a weight measuring unit. When the biomass 11 in the hopper 21 is supplied to the supply pipe 35 via the screw feeder 31 in a fixed amount, the amount of the biomass 11 in the hopper 21 is gradually reduced. Detects the change in the weight of the hopper 21 via the support member 36, so that the remaining amount of the biomass 11 in the hopper 21 is detected, and the weight loss per time, that is, the supply amount is calculated and accurately obtained. The biomass 11 can be supplied and supplied to the inner cylinder 23 of the hopper 21 as necessary.
[0037]
According to the granular material supply device of the present embodiment, the biomass crushed from the biomass crusher 2 is sent to the solid-gas separation means 12 such as a cyclone by the carrier gas, where the gas component is removed and a predetermined amount is removed. The solid-gas separation into biomass with air concentration of Thereafter, the gas can be conveyed to the furnace body at a relatively high concentration (for example, a concentration suitable for combustion) at an A / C ratio.
[0038]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the biomass crusher 2 is transported from the biomass crusher 2 to the solid-gas separation means 12 such as a cyclone at a concentration suitable for gas transport (for example, A / C = 20/1) and settled in the transport pipe. Since the gas components are separated by the solid-gas separation means 12, the gas can be transported over a long distance from the biomass crusher 12 to the combustion equipment.
[0039]
Further, by monitoring the separation of gas components in the solid-gas separation means, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the air concentration at the time of supplying biomass, for example, according to the combustion state of the combustion furnace.
[0040]
[Second embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the granular material supply device according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the granular material supply device according to the present embodiment has a rotary valve 51 interposed on the outlet side of the cyclone which is the solid-gas separation means 12 of the granular material supply device according to the first embodiment. An injection feeder, which is an air flow transfer device 53 having a supply pipe 52, is provided. Air and hot air are externally supplied to the airflow transfer device 53 from a gas nozzle 56 as a drive gas 55 via a push-in fan 54, and are transferred to the burner 5 a of the fuel furnace main body 5, for example. Note that, instead of using separately provided air, hot air in combustion equipment may be used.
[0041]
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, from the biomass crusher 2 to the injection feeder 53, sedimentation and accumulation in the transfer pipe are suppressed as a concentration suitable for transfer, and the injection feeder installed on the combustion furnace main body 5 side of a boiler or the like. Long distance conveyance can be made possible.
Further, after the injection feeder, which is the gas transfer device 53, it is possible to make the concentration suitable for combustion. As a result, since the original air is separately supplied to the injection feeder, the transport concentration of the biomass 11 can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the combustion state in the furnace main body 5.
[0042]
In the case of using hot air, the ignition temperature of the biomass is as low as 250 ° C., so it is conceivable that the fuel is ignited by the supply of high-temperature hot air. There is no problem because it is supplied to the burner. In the case of gasification, high-temperature steam may be used.
[0043]
[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the granular material supply device according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the granular material supply device according to the present embodiment includes an air flow transfer device directly from an outlet side of a cyclone which is solid-gas separation means 12 of the granular material supply device according to the second embodiment. Instead of supplying the biomass to the injection feeder 53, a second quantitative feeder 60 is provided, which temporarily stores the biomass separated from the gas component and supplies the biomass quantitatively. In the present embodiment, the fine biomass from the bag filter 16 is also supplied to the second quantitative supply device 60.
[0044]
By providing the second quantitative feeder 60, various types of biomass supplied from the first quantitative feeder 1 to the biomass crusher 2 are supplied to the crusher 2 operated at a constant load. Even if the amount of discharge from the crusher is not stabilized, the stable supply can always be performed by temporarily storing it in the second quantitative supply device 60. Thereby, even if the amount of pulverization changes depending on the type of biomass, the biomass can be temporarily stored in the second constant-quantity feeder 60. Therefore, the stability of combustion in the combustion equipment is improved, the combustion efficiency is improved, incomplete fuel is prevented, and the NOx can be reduced.
[0045]
In the present embodiment, the case where the combustion of coal mixed with an organic fuel such as biomass is applied to a combustion facility such as a boiler has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and coal is used. The gas of gasification equipment such as gasification furnaces can be applied to a stable gasification system by stably pulverizing coal and organic fuels such as biomass using the coal / organic fuel mixed / pulverization device of the present invention. You can also.
[0046]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a useful liquid fuel may be obtained by converting to a liquid fuel such as methanol by using a product gas obtained by a gasification system which is a facility utilizing organic fuel such as biomass. .
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an airflow conveying means for airflow conveying an organic fuel such as biomass, which is pulverized particulate matter, and a gas component in the organic fuel such as the biomass which is airflow conveyed are used. Since it is provided with a solid-gas separation means for separation and is supplied with an air amount suitable for an organic fuel utilization means such as biomass, leaving only a part of the carrier gas, carrier gas unnecessary for combustion or the like is separated, For example, since supply to the combustion equipment is prevented, it can be supplied at a relatively high concentration (concentration suitable for combustion) to, for example, a burner of the combustion equipment.
[0048]
Further, at the time of solid-gas separation, all of the carrier gas may be separated into only the organic fuel such as biomass, and the organic fuel such as biomass may be supplied by a separately supplied gas. As a result, the original air is separately supplied, so that, for example, the transfer concentration of the organic fuel such as biomass can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the combustion state in the furnace body.
[0049]
In addition, by temporarily storing organic fuel such as biomass that has been gas-solid separated and supplying it quantitatively, even if the amount of pulverization changes due to the type of organic fuel such as biomass, it can be temporarily stored. In addition, the transport (= combustion) of organic fuels such as biomass can be controlled at a predetermined blending ratio, so that the combustion stability in the combustion equipment is improved, the combustion efficiency is improved, and incomplete fuel is reduced. Prevention and reduction of NOx can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a granular material supply device according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a granular material supply device according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a granular material supply device according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a methanol synthesis facility using biomass.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a conventional granular material supply device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Quantitative feeder 2 Biomass crusher 3 Suction fan 4 Carrier gas 5 Combustion furnace main body 11 Biomass 12 Solid-gas separation means 13 Supply pipe

Claims (13)

Airflow conveying means for airflow conveying the pulverized organic fuel,
A granular material supply device, comprising: solid-gas separation means for separating gas components in the organic fuel conveyed by the air flow, and supplying the solid fuel with an amount of air suitable for the organic fuel utilization means. In claim 1,
The particulate matter supply device, wherein the solid-gas separation means is a cyclone. In claim 2,
A granular material supply device, wherein a rotary valve is interposed in a discharge pipe for discharging organic fuel from the cyclone, and an injection feeder is provided at an end of the discharge pipe. In claim 3,
The supply of the organic fuel is performed by hot air. In claim 3,
On the outlet side of the cyclone, a quantitative feeder having a storage tank for quantitatively supplying the organic fuel from which the gas has been separated is provided, and the organic fuel is supplied while temporarily storing the organic fuel from which the gas component has been separated. A granular material supply device. In any one of claims 1 to 5,
The granular material supply device, wherein the organic fuel is biomass. A combustion facility comprising the granular material supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. An organic fuel gasification system comprising the particulate matter supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A liquid fuel synthesis system using an organic fuel, comprising the granular material supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A particulate supply method for supplying pulverized organic fuel to an organic fuel utilization means by airflow transport,
A method for supplying a particulate matter, comprising separating a part of a gas used for air flow and obtaining a gas amount suitable for an organic fuel utilizing means. In claim 10,
A method for supplying particulate matter, comprising separating all the gas used for airflow conveyance and separately supplying the gas-separated organic fuel as a gas. In claim 11,
A method for supplying particulate matter, comprising temporarily storing pulverized organic fuel. In any one of claims 10 to 12,
A method for supplying particulate matter, wherein the organic fuel is biomass.

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