JP2004350541A - Smoked natural cheese - Google Patents

Smoked natural cheese Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004350541A
JP2004350541A JP2003149863A JP2003149863A JP2004350541A JP 2004350541 A JP2004350541 A JP 2004350541A JP 2003149863 A JP2003149863 A JP 2003149863A JP 2003149863 A JP2003149863 A JP 2003149863A JP 2004350541 A JP2004350541 A JP 2004350541A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cheese
smoked
natural cheese
less
natural
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JP2003149863A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3921184B2 (en
Inventor
Shoichi Koizumi
詔一 小泉
Toyomi Shindo
とよみ 進藤
Hideko Shimizu
秀子 清水
En Hashiba
炎 橋場
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide smoked natural cheese highly containing fats, and causing less oil-off phenomena while maintaining palate feeling peculiar to natural cheese. <P>SOLUTION: This smoked natural cheese is obtained by smoking natural cheese having ≤35 wt.% of water content, ≤20% of ripeness index STN/TN value, and ≥30 wt.% of fats. The smoked natural cheese prepared through the above process is formed into noodle-state or flaky one. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、スモークナチュラルチーズ及びその製造方法に関する。詳しくは、本発明は、水分含量が35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%以下のナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理してなるオイルオフの少ないスモークナチュラルチーズ及びその製造方法に関する。本発明のスモークナチュラルチーズは、オイルオフが少なく、保存性や風味が良好である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
スモークチーズは、燻煙による風味付けを行ったチーズであり、オードブルや料理に多く用いられている。しかし、スモークチーズの燻煙処理は通常35℃以上の温度で燻煙処理する温燻が多いため、脂肪分の高いナチュラルチーズは、燻煙工程中に、しばしば脂肪分が分離してチーズ表面に浮き出すオイルオフとよばれる現象が発生し、これにより、保存性の低下や脂肪の酸化などによる風味劣化が発生する。
【0003】
米国ではチェダータイプやゴーダタイプのスモークチーズが存在するが、オイルオフが発生しやすく、長期間保存した場合には好ましくない風味となる。又、脂肪含有量が高いため、燻煙工程中に軟化してしまうなどの欠点も指摘されている。さらに又、これらのスモークチーズは組織が脆く、小片に削ることや、薄く削ること等の成形加工が極めて難しい。このような欠点のため、通常はナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理することは、特殊な用途を除いてはできないものと考えられていた(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。そのため、これまでナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理したものとしては、プロボローネのような、脂肪分30重量%未満に調整したチーズカードを加熱混練して蛋白質をプラスチック化したパスタフィラタ系のチーズに限られていた。
【0004】
このように、脂肪分が高く、乳化していないナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理するとオイルオフや軟化が発生して好ましくないため、この問題点を解決する手段として、ナチュラルチーズを溶融塩や乳化剤により融解して乳化処理を行ないプロセスチーズにしたものを燻煙処理しているものがほとんどである。
例えば、原料のナチュラルチーズを乳化し、円筒状に押し出して成型し長尺状のチーズを得て、このチーズを燻煙処理した繊維状チーズが開示されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。この繊維状チーズはナチュラルチーズに溶融塩を加えて加熱溶融しているので、プロセスチーズである。
【0005】
また、繊維状チーズを低温で燻煙し、脂肪を除いた成分に占める水分の割合を低下させたビーフジャーキー様のスモークプロセスチーズ(例えば、特許文献2参照。)や、板状にしたスモークプロセスチーズを集積したもの(例えば、特許文献3参照。)、ナチュラルチーズを加熱溶融して乳化し、水分活性値を0.90〜0.93にしたスモークプロセスチーズ(例えば、特許文献4参照。)等が開示されている。
プロセスチーズを小さな賽の目に切って燻液に浸漬するか、プロセススモークチーズを小さな賽の目に切って、これを燻液フレーバーで風味付けをしたプロセスチーズに添加して混合してなるプロセスチーズも以前から市販されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。
【0006】
しかし、これらのプロセススモークチーズは、チーズが歯に付着したりニチャニチャする感じがあり、チーズの食感がナチュラルチーズに比べて良くない、と指摘されている。また、プロセススモークチーズは結着性が高いため、保存中にチーズ同士が結着し、薄く削ったり、ヌードル状にするなどの成形加工が難しいという問題点があった。
【0007】
前記の繊維状スモークチーズでは、組織を繊維化するために原料チーズとしてモッツァレラチーズを大量に配合し、溶融塩を加えて加熱溶融してプロセスチーズにしている。
原料としてモッツァレラチーズを主成分とするスモークプロセスチーズにあっては、繊維状の組織を得るために、チーズの乳化の程度を弱くする必要があり、このように乳化の弱い繊維状チーズは、通常よりも高い温度で保存した場合などでは、前述のようにチーズの表面にオイルオフ(脂肪分が表面に浮き出す現象)が起きやすくなるなどの問題があらためて指摘される。又、繊維状チーズは、繊維状の組織を得るために原料の配合が制約される。又、脂肪分が低くチーズ特有のコクや旨みに欠けるなどの欠点も指摘される。そして、商品としての開発の方向性が狭いため、より風味の異なったバリエーション豊かなスモークチーズの開発が待望されていた。
【0008】
また、前記先行技術は、燻煙処理を行ったプロセスチーズについてのものである。プロセスチーズに加工するのに必須な溶融塩や乳化剤を使用せずにナチュラルチーズ特有の食感を維持しつつ、パスタフィラタチーズのような特殊な組織ではなく、ナチュラルチーズ特有のコクや旨みを維持するために脂肪分が高く、しかもオイルオフの少ないスモークナチュラルチーズを製造することは、従来の技術には何ら記載も示唆もされていない。
【0009】
【先行技術文献】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−281896号
【特許文献2】
特開平10−248486号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2002−315504号公報
【特許文献4】
特公平6−2023号公報
【非特許文献1】
太田静行外2名著、「スモーク食品」、株式会社恒星社厚生閣、1997年10月5日、p.2000−2003
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、プロセスチーズに加工するのに必須である溶融塩や乳化剤を使用せずにナチュラルチーズ特有の食感を維持しつつ、しかも、パスタフィラタチーズのような特殊な組織ではなく、ナチュラルチーズ特有のコクや旨みを維持するために脂肪分も高く、しかもオイルオフのないスモークナチュラルチーズを提供することを課題とする。
【0011】
また、本発明は、そのようなスモークナチュラルチーズをヌードル状あるいは薄片状に成型し、付着の起きないスモークナチュラルチーズを提供することを課題とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは前記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、水分含量が35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%以下のナチュラルチーズを用いて燻煙処理すると、オイルオフの少ないスモークナチュラルチーズが製造できることを見いだし、本発明を完成させた。しかも、前記処理により調製された本発明のスモークナチュラルチーズは、その脂肪分を30重量%以上に調整することにより、ナチュラルチーズ特有のコクや旨みを維持しながら、オイルオフが少ないという特徴を持つ。
【0013】
又、本発明の好ましい態様は前記発明のスモークナチュラルチーズを直径5mm以下のヌードル状に成型することである。更に又、本発明の好ましい態様は前記発明のスモークナチュラルチーズを厚さ2mm以下の薄片状に成型することである。
【0014】
更に、本発明は、水分含量が35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%以下のナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理することを特徴とするスモークナチュラルチーズの製造方法である。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、原料であるナチュラルチーズの水分含量を35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値を20%以下にすることにより、燻煙処理しても変形やオイルオフが少なく、しかも原料であるナチュラルチーズとしての食感を維持しているスモークナチュラルチーズを得ることを可能とするものである。
更に又、前記処理により調製されたスモークナチュラルチーズは、その脂肪分を30重量%以上に調整して、ナチュラルチーズ特有のコクや旨みを維持しながら、しかもオイルオフの少ないスモークナチュラルチーズを得ることを可能とするものである。
又、前記発明のスモークナチュラルチーズは、直径5mm以下のヌードル状に成形したり、厚さ2mm以下の薄片状に成形したりすることを可能とするものである。
【0016】
本発明は、原料とするナチュラルチーズの水分含量を35重量%以下に調製する。原料とするナチュラルチーズの水分含量が35重量%を超えると燻煙処理によりオイルオフや変形が発生し、又、燻煙処理後にうす削り適性や食感が低下し、更に付着性も高くなり好ましくない。特に、水分含量が40重量%を超えると、チーズが燻煙処理中に軟化やオイルオフが多く、また、チーズが変形してしまい好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明は、原料とするナチュラルチーズの熟度指標であるSTN/TN値を20%以下になるように調製する。熟度指標であるSTN/TN値が20%を超えると、オイルオフや変形等が起きて燻煙処理適性が低下し、さらに所望の水分含量すなわち35重量%以下であっても、得られるスモークナチュラルチーズはオイルオフしやすくなり、又、脆くなってチーズの加工が難しくなり成形加工適性が低下する。その他に、風味、食感、付着性の全てにおいて好ましくない(試験例参照)。
【0018】
本発明のスモークナチュラルチーズの製造方法を次に詳しく述べる。
本発明のスモークナチュラルチーズを調製するためには、チーズの水分量を35重量%以下に調整する必要がある。この点を除いては、一般的な硬質又は半硬質ナチュラルチーズの調製方法に従い、チーズの調製を行なう。
チーズの水分量の調整方法としては、製造時に、凝乳後のカッティングサイズを、ゴーダチーズならば7〜10mm程度、高水分のカマンベールチーズならば30mm程度、及び低水分のグラナチーズであれば5mm程度にすることにより調整することができる。チーズカードの大きさを小さくすることによって、体積当たりの表面積が大きくなり、脱水工程(ホエー排除前の加温や攪拌工程)中に、チーズ内部から水分が抜けやすくなり、水分の低いチーズとなる。又、型詰め後のプレス荷重力(チーズにかかる荷重を計算すると0.004〜1.2kg/cm)と荷重時間(2〜48時間)により、排除するホエー量を加減して水分含量を調整し、水分含量35重量%以下になるように調整することもできる。
【0019】
又、熟成時にも水分調整をすることができる。製造後のチーズを、最初にリンデッド処理(ワックスコーティング)を行い、所定の水分値になった時点で水蒸気透過性の低い樹脂フィルムで真空包装することにより、水分含量を調整し、水分35重量%以下に調整することができる。あるいは、熟成温度と湿度の調整により、水分調整を行うことも可能である。
【0020】
チーズの熟成度は、熟度指標であるSTN/TN値が20%以下になるようにする。このSTN/TN値は、可溶性窒素量を全窒素量で除した値であり、下記に示す測定方法及び算出式により、熟度指標(STN/TN値)を算出する。
【0021】
(熟度指標:STN/TN値の測定方法)
原料チーズ10gを採取し、これに0.5Nクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液40mlと蒸留水40mlを加え、ホモブレンダーで5分間摩砕後、メスフラスコに移し、蒸留水を加えて200mlに定容して試料液とする。ついで、試料液10 mlを採取し、ケルダール法で全窒素(TN)を測定する。さらに、試料液10 mlに1.41N塩酸を10 ml加え、蒸留水で125 mlに定容し、生成したタンパク質沈殿物をろ過した後、ろ液10 mlを採取してケルダール法で可溶性窒素(STN)を測定する。得られた値より、熟度指標(STN/TN値)(%)=(可溶性窒素/全窒素)×100を算出する。
【0022】
上記に示した測定方法により熟度指標を算出することができる。ナチュラルチーズの熟度指標(STN/TN値)は、熟成期間により調整することができる。一般的なナチュラルチーズの熟成期間は半硬質系ナチュラルチーズで通常6ヶ月以上、長期では3年以上のものもある。本発明の熟度指標:STN/TN値が20%以下の原料ナチュラルチーズとしては、例えば、ゴーダチーズやチェダーチーズでは10℃の温度で約2ヶ月まで熟成させたものが相当する。
【0023】
ナチュラルチーズの熟度指標(STN/TN値)は、熟成温度によっても調整することができる。一般的なナチュラルチーズの熟成温度は、5〜15℃であるが、熟成温度を調整することによって熟成期間を調整することができる。例えば、ナチュラルチーズを10℃で熟成した場合には、5℃で熟成した場合に比べて、約1.5〜2.0倍の速さで熟成が進む。又、水分含量を調整することによって熟成期間を調整することができる。水分含量の高いナチュラルチーズのほうが、熟成は進み易く、一般的に水分含量が5重量%高くなると、熟成が約1.3〜1.5倍の速さで進行する。
この熟成期間は上記の熟成温度や水分の他に、原料乳の固形分や組成、スターター量や活性等によっても変動する。
【0024】
燻煙の方式は、通常の食品の燻煙に用いられる方式であれば、いかなる方式も採用することができる。通常は、燻煙発生装置によって発生させた燻煙を燻煙室に導入して燻煙処理を行うジェネレーター方式の他、直火型も採用できるが、前者の方が、ナチュラルチーズに与えるダメージが総じて少ないため、好ましい。
【0025】
ジェネレーター方式で燻煙処理する場合は、燻煙の温度は、20〜60℃の範囲、好ましくは30〜50℃の範囲が好適である。このような温度範囲で、40〜180分の燻煙処理を行う。
【0026】
燻煙処理は、チーズの表面が軽く着色する程度、即ち、チーズ表面に燻煙色を付ける程度の条件で行えば良い。この場合、燻煙工程で水分が蒸発しすぎると固い食感となるため好ましくない。
【0027】
尚、チーズの水分を調整するために、燻煙工程の前後に、適宜、乾燥工程を入れることも可能である。
【0028】
このようにして得られたスモークナチュラルチーズは、従来のスモークチーズでは困難であったような、直径5mm以下のヌードル状に成型したり、厚さ2mm以下の薄片状に成形することができる。このような成形は、チーズを押出し機械で押出してヌードル状に成形したり、ピーラーのようなうす削りの刃を有する装置でうす削り状に成形することができる。
ヌードル状とは、直径5mm以下、長さ3cm以上の円柱状のチーズをいう。直径5mm以下のものは食感が軽くて食べやすく、3cm以上の長さの場合には、チーズの存在感が感じられ、適度な食感であるとともに、サラダ、ピザ、グラタン等の料理にも使いやすく、そのままおつまみとしても食することができる。一方、直径が5mmを超えた太さになると食感や口どけが悪くなり、長さが3cmよりも短いとチーズの存在感が感じられなくなり物足りない。
うす削り状とは、2mm以下の厚さに加工したチーズをいう。2mm以下の場合には軽い食感となり大変食べやすく、おつまみとして手軽に食することができ、サラダ、ピザ、グラタン等の料理にも使いやすく、又、そのままおつまみとしても食することができる。一方、2mmを超えて厚くなると食感が重くなって好ましくなく、おつまみとして手軽に食べるのには不向きとなる。
【0029】
本発明のスモークナチュラルチーズは、35重量%以下の水分含量、20%以下の熟度指標STN/TN値を持つナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理することにより、通常よりも高い温度で保存してもチーズの表面にオイルオフが発生しない。又、チーズの表面の水分活性が低いため、細菌の増殖が抑制され、総じて保存性が良好である。又、ナチュラルチーズ本来の組織を有しており、しかも、従来のスモークナチュラルチーズにはない風味を呈しており、味わいのバリエーションが豊富な商品として、消費者の満足を得ることができる。
【0030】
次に実施例を示して本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0031】
【実施例1】
代表的な半硬質チーズであるゴーダチーズを通常の製造方法により調製した。即ち、脂肪分3.6重量%に調整した原料乳をプレート型殺菌機により75℃で15秒間殺菌した後、30℃まで冷却した。この原料乳100kgに対し乳酸菌スターター(中温菌スターター:CHR.HANSEN社製、Direct Vat Set)を10U(ユニット)添加し、ジャケット付のチーズバット内に静置させた。1時間後に仔牛レンネット(HR:CHR.HANSEN社製)を3g添加しさらに静置させた。約30分経過した時点で乳の凝固が起こり、凝固開始から5分後にチーズナイフを使用してチーズカードを10mmの立方体に切断した。切断後、緩やかに攪拌しながらチーズカード中からホエーを流出させた。ホエーの流出を促進させるためにカードとホエー混合物を1℃/2分の加熱で38℃まで加温した。攪拌を開始してから2時間後にカードとホエーを分離し、全カードを10kg容量のチーズモールドに入れ、縦型プレス機にて140kgの荷重をかけて2時間プレスした。プレス後20%食塩水中(10℃)に48時間浸漬して加塩し、加塩後、布をかけ10℃熟成庫内で5日間チーズ表面を予備乾燥した。チーズ表面が乾燥した後、食用ワックスを塗り10℃で25日間、熟成を行った。水分が所定の値になった時点で水蒸気透過性の低いプラスチック製包材に入れて真空包装し、さらに10℃で30日間熟成した。熟成中は毎日チーズを反転し、チーズ上下面での成分値のばらつきをなくし、水分34重量%、脂肪分36重量%、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%のゴーダチーズを得た。
このチーズを2kgの大きさのブロックに切り出し、ヒッコリーのスモークチップを使用して燻煙ジェネレーターにて35℃で2時間燻煙処理した。この時に、スモークナチュラルチーズの品温は35℃まで上昇した(処理前は10℃)。得られたスモークナチュラルチーズはオイルオフのない好ましいものであった。
【0032】
【実施例2】
代表的な半硬質チーズであるチェダーチーズを通常の製造方法により調製した。即ち、脂肪分3.2重量%に調整した原料乳をプレート型殺菌機により75℃で15秒間殺菌した後、30℃まで冷却した。この原料乳100kgに対し乳酸菌スターター(中温菌スターター:CHR.HANSEN社製、Direct Vat Set)を15U(ユニット)添加し、ジャケット付のチーズバット内に静置した。1時間後に仔牛レンネット(HR:CHR.HANSEN社製)を3g添加しさらに静置した。約30分経過した時点で乳の凝固が起こり、凝固開始から5分後にチーズナイフを使用してチーズカードを10mmの立方体に切断した。切断後、緩やかに攪拌しながらチーズカード中からホエーを流出させた。ホエーの流出を促進するためにカードとホエー混合物を1℃/3分の加熱で38℃まで加温した。攪拌を開始してから2時間後にカードとホエーを分離し、チーズカードをチーズバット中に堆積した。堆積したチーズカードを38℃に保温しながら30分毎に反転した。マッティングカードのpHが5.2に低下した時点で、チーズカードを30mmの立方体に細断し、食塩を200g添加しチーズカードと食塩を混合した。加塩した全チーズカードを10 kg容量のチーズモールドに入れ、縦型プレス機にて700kgの荷重をかけて38時間プレスした。プレス後、布をかけ10℃熟成庫内で5日間チーズ表面を予備乾燥した。チーズ表面が乾燥した後、食用ワックスを塗り10℃で30日間熟成させ、水分32重量%、脂肪分33重量%、熟度指標STN/TN値が16%のチェダーチーズを得た。
このチーズを2kgの大きさのブロックに切り出し、ヒッコリーのスモークチップを使用して燻煙ジェネレーターにて35℃で2時間燻煙処理した。この時にチーズの品温は35℃まで上昇した(処理前は10℃)。得られたスモークナチュラルチーズはオイルオフのない好ましいものであった。
【0033】
【実施例3】
代表的な硬質チーズであるグラナタイプのチーズを通常の製造方法により調製した。即ち、脂肪分3.0重量%に調整した原料乳をプレート型殺菌機により75℃で15秒間殺菌した後、30℃まで冷却した。この原料乳300kgに対し乳酸菌スターター(高温菌スターター:CHR.HANSEN社製、Direct Vat Set)を40U(ユニット)添加し、ジャケット付のチーズバット内に静置した。1時間後に仔牛レンネット(HR:CHR.HANSEN社製)を9g添加し更に静置した。約30分経過した時点で乳の凝固が起こり、凝固開始から5分後にチーズナイフを使用してチーズカードを5mmの立方体に切断した。切断後、緩やかに攪拌しながらチーズカード中からホエーを流出させた。ホエーの流出を促進させるためにカードとホエー混合物を1℃/2分の加熱で50℃まで加温した。攪拌を開始してから1.5時間後にチーズカードを布で掬い取り、布内で球状の一塊にまとめ、ホエー中で30分間懸垂浸漬した。懸垂後、球状の全カードを30kg容量のチーズモールドに入れ、モールドの上に6kgの重石をのせて6時間プレスした。プレス後、20%食塩水中(10℃)で20日間加塩し、加塩後、布をかけ10℃熟成庫内で5日間チーズ表面を予備乾燥した。チーズ表面が乾燥した後、食用ワックスを塗り10℃で30日間、熟成を行った。水分が所定の値になった時点で水蒸気透過性の低いプラスチック製包材に入れて真空包装し、10℃で35日間、熟成させ、水分35重量%、脂肪分30重量%、熟度指標STN/TN値が16%の若いグラナチーズを得た。
このチーズを2kgの大きさのブロックに切り出し、ヒッコリーのスモークチップを使用して燻煙ジェネレーターにて、35℃で2時間燻煙処理した。得られたスモークナチュラルチーズはいずれもオイルオフのない好ましいものであった。
【0034】
【実施例4】
実施例1のスモークナチュラルチーズを冷蔵庫内で1晩冷却した後、ピーラーを使用して厚さ約1mmの薄皮状にスモークナチュラルチーズを削りだし、小袋に充填・包装した。このチーズは食べ易く、風味、食感ともに良好であった。さらにこのチーズはサラダ、ピザ、グラタン、スパゲティ等の料理にも使い易く、そのままおつまみとして食するだけでなく料理用としても十分に利用できた。
【0035】
【実施例5】
実施例1のスモークナチュラルチーズを冷蔵庫内で1晩冷却した後、シュレッドチーズの成型機の削る部分を特殊に加工した機械で加工し太さ2mmのヌードル状にして、小袋に充填・包装した。このチーズは食べ易く、風味、食感ともに良好であった。さらにこのチーズはサラダ、ピザ、グラタン、スパゲティ等の料理にも使い易く、そのままおつまみとして食するだけでなく料理用としても十分に利用できた。
【0036】
【試験例1】
熟成条件を実施例1に記載した熟成温度条件(5、10℃)と真空包装処理の時期(1、2、3ヶ月)の条件を変えることにより、水分32〜38重量%、熟度指標(STN/TN値)16〜23%のゴーダチーズを得(本発明品1〜4、比較品1〜5)、このチーズを2kgの大きさのブロックに切り出し、実施例1と同様に燻煙処理してスモークナチュラルチーズを調製し、各スモークナチュラルチーズについて、燻煙処理適性、成形加工適性、チーズの風味・食感及び保存性を比較評価した。
【0037】
(スモークナチュラルチーズの評価方法)
製造したスモークナチュラルチーズについて、以下の項目で評価した。
【0038】
・燻煙処理適性の評価
製造したスモークナチュラルチーズの保形度合、表面のオイルオフ量を評価した。
保形度合の評価は、燻煙前及び燻煙後のチーズの高さを測定し、変形度合(%)=(燻煙後のチーズの高さ)/(燻煙前のチーズの高さ)×100、を算出した。評価は、◎:100%、○:95〜100%未満、△:90〜95%未満、×:90%未満とした。
オイルオフの評価は、燻煙後のチーズ表面をろ紙で拭き取り、ろ紙に付着したオイルの量(チーズ1kgあたり)で評価を行った。評価は、◎:0g、○:0 gを超え 0.5 g以下、△:0.5 gを超え〜1.0g以下、×:1.0gを超えるもの、とした。
【0039】
・成形加工適性の評価
ピーラーでチーズを削る際に、チーズが切断されずに所定の厚さ、幅、長さが成形される程度を評価した。
ピーラ−を用いて厚さ1mm、幅2cm、長さ4cm以上のチーズが安定して得られるかにより評価した。上記範囲のチーズを安定して得られる比率が、◎:100%、○:90〜100%未満、△:80〜90%未満、×:80%未満、とした。
【0040】
・風味・食感の官能評価
熟練された5名のパネラーによって、風味(燻煙処理で生じる香ばしさの有無、雑味の有無、コク味の有無、ミルク感の有無)及び食感(滑らかさ、口どけ、舌ざわり)について官能評価を行った。評価は、◎:非常に好ましい、〇:好ましい、△:どちらともいえない、×:好ましくない、とした。
【0041】
・保存性の評価
製造後、10℃の温度で4ヶ月保存したスモークナチュラルチーズの風味劣化やチーズ付着性の有無により、保存性の評価を行った。
風味劣化の評価は、保存後のチーズのムレ臭や脂肪酸化臭等の劣化臭の強さにより評価を行った。評価は、◎:ほとんど認められない、〇:若干認められる、△:認められる、×:かなり認められる、とした。
チーズ付着性の評価は、厚さ1mm、幅2cm、長さ4cmのうす削りチーズ30枚を袋に充填し、10℃で4ヶ月保存後、袋の中のチーズ同士が結着し、剥離性がなく、はがれないチーズの枚数を数えて評価した。評価は、◎:0枚、○:2枚、△:3枚、×:4枚以上、とした。
これらの評価の結果を表1に示す。
【0042】
【表1】

Figure 2004350541
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明により得られる水分含量が35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%以下のナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理してなるスモークナチュラルチーズはプロセスチーズに加工するのに必須な溶融塩や乳化剤を使用していないのでナチュラルチーズ特有の食感を維持している。又、ナチュラルチーズ特有のコクや旨みを維持するために脂肪分も高く、通常よりも高い温度で保存しても、チーズの表面にオイルオフが発生しにくく、しかも、従来にはない風味を呈し、味わいのバリエーションが豊富なスモークナチュラルチーズを提供することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to smoked natural cheese and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a smoked natural cheese having a low water content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less and having less oil off, and a method for producing the same. The smoked natural cheese of the present invention has low oil-off, and has good storage stability and flavor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Smoked cheese is cheese that has been flavored with smoke and is often used in hors d'oeuvres and dishes. However, smoked smoked cheese is usually smoked at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher, so natural cheese with a high fat content is often separated from the cheese surface during the smoking process by separating fat. A phenomenon called "oil-off" occurs, which causes deterioration of flavor due to deterioration of storage stability and oxidation of fat.
[0003]
In the United States, cheddar-type and gouda-type smoked cheeses are present, but oil-off tends to occur, resulting in an undesirable flavor when stored for a long period of time. Further, it has been pointed out that the fat content is high, so that it is softened during the smoking process. Furthermore, the texture of these smoked cheeses is brittle, and it is extremely difficult to form them into small pieces or to cut them into thin pieces. Due to such disadvantages, it has been generally considered that smoke treatment of natural cheese cannot be performed except for special uses (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). Until now, natural smoked cheese has been limited to pasta filata cheese, which is made by heating and kneading a cheese curd, such as provolone, which has been adjusted to a fat content of less than 30% by weight to make the protein plastic. .
[0004]
As described above, since it is not preferable to smoke natural cheese that is high in fat and not emulsified because oil-off or softening occurs when smoked, natural cheese is melted with a molten salt or an emulsifier as a means for solving this problem. In most cases, the processed cheese is emulsified and processed to be smoked.
For example, a fibrous cheese obtained by emulsifying raw material natural cheese, extruding it into a cylindrical shape, obtaining a long cheese, and smoke-treating this cheese is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1). . This fibrous cheese is a processed cheese because a molten salt is added to natural cheese and melted by heating.
[0005]
Further, beef jerky-like smoked process cheese (for example, refer to Patent Document 2) in which the proportion of moisture in the components excluding fat is reduced by smoking fibrous cheese at a low temperature, or a plate-shaped smoke process A stack of cheeses (for example, see Patent Document 3), a smoked process cheese in which natural cheese is heated and melted and emulsified to have a water activity value of 0.90 to 0.93 (for example, see Patent Document 4). Are disclosed.
Process cheese made by dicing processed cheese into small dice and dipping in smoked liquid, or dicing processed smoked cheese into small dice and adding this to processed cheese flavored with smoked flavor and mixing It is commercially available (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0006]
However, it has been pointed out that these processed smoked cheeses have a feeling that the cheese adheres to teeth or niche, and that the texture of the cheese is not as good as that of natural cheese. In addition, since the processed smoke cheese has a high binding property, there is a problem in that the cheeses are bound together during storage, and it is difficult to form the cheese into a thin shape or a noodle shape.
[0007]
In the above-mentioned fibrous smoked cheese, a large amount of mozzarella cheese is blended as a raw material cheese in order to fibrillate the tissue, a molten salt is added, and the mixture is heated and melted to form a processed cheese.
In smoked process cheese containing mozzarella cheese as a main ingredient as a raw material, in order to obtain a fibrous tissue, it is necessary to weaken the degree of emulsification of the cheese. If the cheese is stored at a higher temperature, it is pointed out that there is a problem that oil-off (a phenomenon in which fats float on the surface) easily occurs on the cheese surface as described above. Further, in the fibrous cheese, the blending of the raw materials is restricted in order to obtain a fibrous tissue. In addition, disadvantages such as a low fat content and lack of richness and flavor unique to cheese are pointed out. And since the direction of development as a product is narrow, the development of smoked cheeses with different flavors and rich variations has been anticipated.
[0008]
Further, the above prior art relates to a processed cheese subjected to a smoke treatment. While maintaining the texture unique to natural cheese without using the molten salt and emulsifier essential for processing into processed cheese, it has a rich body and flavor unique to natural cheese, not a special structure like pastafilata cheese. There is no description or suggestion in the prior art to produce smoked natural cheese with a high fat content and low oil off to maintain.
[0009]
[Prior art documents]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-281896
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-248486
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2002-315504 A
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-2023
[Non-patent document 1]
Shizuyuki Ota, 2 other authors, "Smoke Food", Koseisha Koseikaku Co., Ltd., October 5, 1997, p. 2000-2003
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention maintains the texture unique to natural cheese without using a molten salt or an emulsifier, which is essential for processing into processed cheese, and, in addition, does not have a special structure such as pasta firata cheese, but natural. An object of the present invention is to provide smoked natural cheese having a high fat content and no oil off in order to maintain the richness and flavor of cheese.
[0011]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a smoked natural cheese in which such a smoked natural cheese is molded into a noodle shape or a flake shape and adhesion does not occur.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, when natural cheese having a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less is smoked, oil The present inventors have found that smoked natural cheese with less off can be produced and completed the present invention. Moreover, the smoked natural cheese of the present invention prepared by the above treatment has a feature that the fat content is adjusted to 30% by weight or more so that the richness and umami peculiar to the natural cheese are maintained, and the oil off is small. .
[0013]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the smoked natural cheese of the present invention is molded into a noodle having a diameter of 5 mm or less. Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is to mold the smoked natural cheese of the present invention into a flake having a thickness of 2 mm or less.
[0014]
Further, the present invention is a method for producing smoked natural cheese, characterized in that natural cheese having a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less is smoked.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a natural cheese as a raw material having a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less, so that deformation and oil-off are reduced even if smoke treatment is performed, and the raw material is used. This makes it possible to obtain smoked natural cheese that maintains the texture as a certain natural cheese.
Furthermore, the smoked natural cheese prepared by the above-mentioned processing is to adjust the fat content to 30% by weight or more to obtain a smoked natural cheese with less oil off while maintaining the richness and flavor unique to natural cheese. Is made possible.
Further, the smoked natural cheese of the invention can be formed into a noodle shape having a diameter of 5 mm or less or a flake shape having a thickness of 2 mm or less.
[0016]
In the present invention, the water content of natural cheese as a raw material is adjusted to 35% by weight or less. If the water content of the natural cheese as a raw material exceeds 35% by weight, oil-off or deformation occurs due to the smoke treatment, and the suitability for thinning and the texture after the smoke treatment are reduced, and the adhesion is further increased, which is preferable. Absent. In particular, if the water content exceeds 40% by weight, the cheese is often softened and oil-off during the smoking process, and the cheese is undesirably deformed.
[0017]
According to the present invention, the STN / TN value, which is a ripeness index of natural cheese as a raw material, is adjusted to be 20% or less. If the STN / TN value, which is a ripeness index, exceeds 20%, oil-off, deformation, and the like will occur, and the suitability for smoke treatment will be reduced. Natural cheese is easily oiled off, and becomes brittle, making cheese processing difficult and reducing the suitability for molding. In addition, it is not preferable in all of flavor, texture, and adhesiveness (see Test Examples).
[0018]
Next, the method for producing smoked natural cheese of the present invention will be described in detail.
In order to prepare the smoked natural cheese of the present invention, it is necessary to adjust the water content of the cheese to 35% by weight or less. Except for this point, cheese is prepared according to a general method for preparing hard or semi-hard natural cheese.
As a method of adjusting the water content of the cheese, at the time of production, the cutting size after curdling is about 7 to 10 mm for Gouda cheese, about 30 mm for Camembert cheese with high moisture, and about 5 mm for Grana cheese with low moisture. Can be adjusted. By reducing the size of the cheese curd, the surface area per volume increases, and during the dehydration step (heating or stirring step before the removal of whey), moisture easily escapes from inside the cheese, resulting in a cheese with a low moisture content. . In addition, the press load force after packing the mold (calculating the load on the cheese is 0.004 to 1.2 kg / cm 2 ) And the loading time (2-48 hours), the amount of whey to be removed can be adjusted to adjust the water content, and the water content can be adjusted to 35% by weight or less.
[0019]
Also, moisture can be adjusted during aging. The produced cheese is first subjected to a Linden treatment (wax coating), and when it reaches a predetermined moisture value, is vacuum-packaged with a resin film having a low water vapor permeability to adjust the moisture content, thereby obtaining a moisture content of 35% by weight. The following can be adjusted. Alternatively, moisture adjustment can be performed by adjusting the aging temperature and humidity.
[0020]
The ripening degree of the cheese is set so that the STN / TN value, which is a ripeness index, is 20% or less. This STN / TN value is a value obtained by dividing the amount of soluble nitrogen by the amount of total nitrogen, and calculates a ripeness index (STN / TN value) by the following measurement method and calculation formula.
[0021]
(Maturity index: STN / TN value measurement method)
10 g of raw cheese was collected, 40 ml of a 0.5 N sodium citrate aqueous solution and 40 ml of distilled water were added thereto, and the mixture was ground for 5 minutes with a homoblender, transferred to a volumetric flask, and distilled water was added to make a constant volume of 200 ml. Liquid. Next, 10 ml of the sample solution is collected, and the total nitrogen (TN) is measured by the Kjeldahl method. Further, 10 ml of 1.41N hydrochloric acid was added to 10 ml of the sample solution, and the volume was adjusted to 125 ml with distilled water. After the generated protein precipitate was filtered, 10 ml of the filtrate was collected, and soluble nitrogen (Keldahl method) was used. STN) is measured. From the obtained values, a ripeness index (STN / TN value) (%) = (soluble nitrogen / total nitrogen) × 100 is calculated.
[0022]
The maturity index can be calculated by the measurement method described above. The ripeness index (STN / TN value) of natural cheese can be adjusted by the ripening period. The ripening period of general natural cheese is generally 6 months or longer for semi-hard natural cheese, and may be 3 years or longer for long term. Ripeness index of the present invention: As a raw natural cheese having an STN / TN value of 20% or less, for example, Gouda cheese or Cheddar cheese which has been aged at a temperature of 10 ° C. for up to about 2 months corresponds.
[0023]
The ripeness index (STN / TN value) of natural cheese can also be adjusted by the ripening temperature. The ripening temperature of general natural cheese is 5 to 15 ° C, but the ripening period can be adjusted by adjusting the ripening temperature. For example, when natural cheese is aged at 10 ° C., maturation proceeds about 1.5 to 2.0 times faster than when it is aged at 5 ° C. The ripening period can be adjusted by adjusting the water content. The ripening is easier for natural cheese having a higher moisture content. Generally, when the moisture content is increased by 5% by weight, the ripening proceeds about 1.3 to 1.5 times faster.
The ripening period varies depending on the solid content and composition of the raw milk, the amount of the starter, the activity, and the like, in addition to the ripening temperature and moisture.
[0024]
As a method of smoking, any method can be adopted as long as it is a method used for smoking of ordinary food. Normally, in addition to the generator method that introduces the smoke generated by the smoke generator into the smoke chamber and performs the smoke treatment, an open flame type can also be used, but the former causes less damage to natural cheese. It is preferable because it is generally small.
[0025]
When the smoke treatment is performed by the generator method, the temperature of the smoke is preferably in the range of 20 to 60C, more preferably in the range of 30 to 50C. In this temperature range, the smoke treatment is performed for 40 to 180 minutes.
[0026]
The smoke treatment may be performed under such a condition that the cheese surface is lightly colored, that is, the cheese surface is smoked. In this case, it is not preferable that moisture evaporates too much in the smoking process because a firm texture is obtained.
[0027]
In addition, in order to adjust the water content of the cheese, a drying step can be appropriately inserted before and after the smoking step.
[0028]
The smoked natural cheese thus obtained can be molded into a noodle shape having a diameter of 5 mm or less, or a flake shape having a thickness of 2 mm or less, which is difficult with conventional smoked cheese. Such molding can be performed by extruding cheese with an extrusion machine to form a noodle, or by using a device having a thinning blade such as a peeler to form a thinned shape.
The noodle shape refers to a cylindrical cheese having a diameter of 5 mm or less and a length of 3 cm or more. Those with a diameter of 5 mm or less have a light texture and are easy to eat. When the length is 3 cm or more, the presence of cheese is felt, and it has an appropriate texture, and it is also suitable for cooking salads, pizza, gratin, etc. It is easy to use and can be eaten as a snack. On the other hand, if the diameter exceeds 5 mm, the texture and mouthfeel deteriorate, and if the length is shorter than 3 cm, the presence of cheese cannot be felt and it is unsatisfactory.
The thinned shape refers to cheese processed to a thickness of 2 mm or less. When it is 2 mm or less, it has a light texture, is very easy to eat, can be easily eaten as a snack, is easy to use in dishes such as salads, pizzas and gratins, and can be eaten as a snack as it is. On the other hand, when the thickness is more than 2 mm, the texture becomes heavy, which is not preferable, and it is not suitable for easily eating as a snack.
[0029]
The smoked natural cheese of the present invention is obtained by subjecting a natural cheese having a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less to a smoke treatment, so that the cheese can be stored at a temperature higher than usual even if it is stored at a higher temperature No oil-off occurs on the surface of In addition, since the water activity on the surface of the cheese is low, the growth of bacteria is suppressed, and the shelf life is generally good. In addition, it has the original structure of natural cheese, and has a flavor that is not present in conventional smoked natural cheese, and can satisfy consumers as a product with a wide variety of flavors.
[0030]
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0031]
Embodiment 1
Gouda cheese, a typical semi-hard cheese, was prepared by a usual manufacturing method. That is, the raw milk adjusted to a fat content of 3.6% by weight was sterilized by a plate-type sterilizer at 75 ° C. for 15 seconds, and then cooled to 30 ° C. To 100 kg of this raw milk, 10 U (unit) of a lactic acid bacteria starter (Mesophilic bacteria starter: Direct Vat Set manufactured by CHR. HANSEN) was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand in a jacketed cheese vat. One hour later, 3 g of calf rennet (HR: CHR. HANSEN) was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand still. After about 30 minutes, milk coagulation occurred, and 5 minutes after the start of coagulation, the cheese curd was cut into 10 mm cubes using a cheese knife. After cutting, whey was allowed to flow out of the cheese curd with gentle stirring. The curd and whey mixture was heated to 38 ° C. with 1 ° C./2 minute heating to promote whey efflux. Two hours after the stirring was started, the curd and whey were separated, all the curd was put into a cheese mold having a capacity of 10 kg, and pressed with a vertical press under a load of 140 kg for 2 hours. After pressing, the cheese surface was immersed in a 20% saline solution (10 ° C.) for 48 hours to add salt, and after salting, a cloth was applied and the cheese surface was pre-dried for 5 days in an aging oven at 10 ° C. After the cheese surface was dried, edible wax was applied and ripened at 10 ° C. for 25 days. When the water content reached a predetermined value, it was placed in a plastic wrapping material having low water vapor permeability, vacuum-packaged, and aged at 10 ° C. for 30 days. During the ripening, the cheese was inverted every day to eliminate variations in the component values on the upper and lower surfaces of the cheese, and to obtain Gouda cheese having a water content of 34% by weight, a fat content of 36% by weight, and a maturity index STN / TN value of 20%.
This cheese was cut into blocks of 2 kg in size, and smoked at 35 ° C. for 2 hours using a smoke generator of hickory with a smoke generator. At this time, the temperature of the smoked natural cheese rose to 35 ° C (10 ° C before treatment). The resulting smoked natural cheese was preferred without oil off.
[0032]
Embodiment 2
Cheddar cheese, a typical semi-hard cheese, was prepared by a conventional manufacturing method. That is, the raw milk adjusted to a fat content of 3.2% by weight was sterilized at 75 ° C for 15 seconds by a plate-type sterilizer, and then cooled to 30 ° C. 15 U (unit) of a lactic acid bacterium starter (Mesophilic bacterium starter: Direct Vat Set, manufactured by CHR. HANSEN) was added to 100 kg of the raw milk, and the mixture was allowed to stand in a jacketed cheese vat. One hour later, 3 g of calf rennet (HR: CHR. HANSEN) was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand still. After about 30 minutes, milk coagulation occurred, and 5 minutes after the start of coagulation, the cheese curd was cut into 10 mm cubes using a cheese knife. After cutting, whey was allowed to flow out of the cheese curd with gentle stirring. The curd and whey mixture was heated to 38 ° C. with 1 ° C./3 minute heating to promote whey efflux. Two hours after the stirring was started, the curd and whey were separated, and the cheese curd was deposited in a cheese vat. The deposited cheese curd was inverted every 30 minutes while keeping the temperature at 38 ° C. When the pH of the matting card dropped to 5.2, the cheese curd was cut into cubes of 30 mm, 200 g of salt was added, and the cheese curd and salt were mixed. The whole salted cheese curd was placed in a cheese mold having a capacity of 10 kg, and pressed with a vertical press under a load of 700 kg for 38 hours. After pressing, the cheese surface was pre-dried for 5 days in a 10 ° C aging oven with a cloth. After the cheese surface was dried, edible wax was applied and the mixture was aged at 10 ° C. for 30 days to obtain cheddar cheese having a moisture content of 32% by weight, a fat content of 33% by weight, and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 16%.
This cheese was cut into blocks of 2 kg in size, and smoked at 35 ° C. for 2 hours using a smoke generator of hickory with a smoke generator. At this time, the cheese temperature rose to 35 ° C. (10 ° C. before the treatment). The resulting smoked natural cheese was preferred without oil off.
[0033]
Embodiment 3
Grana type cheese, which is a typical hard cheese, was prepared by an ordinary manufacturing method. That is, the raw milk adjusted to a fat content of 3.0% by weight was sterilized by a plate-type sterilizer at 75 ° C for 15 seconds, and then cooled to 30 ° C. Lactic acid bacteria starter (High temperature bacteria starter: Direct Vat Set, manufactured by CHR. HANSEN) was added to 300 kg of the raw material milk, and 40 U (unit) was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand still in a jacketed cheese vat. One hour later, 9 g of calf rennet (HR: manufactured by CHR. HANSEN) was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand still. After about 30 minutes, milk coagulation occurred, and 5 minutes after the start of coagulation, the cheese curd was cut into 5 mm cubes using a cheese knife. After cutting, whey was allowed to flow out of the cheese curd with gentle stirring. The curd and whey mixture was heated to 50 ° C. with 1 ° C./2 minute heating to promote whey efflux. 1.5 hours after the start of stirring, the cheese curd was scooped with a cloth, collected into a spherical lump in the cloth, and suspended and dipped in whey for 30 minutes. After the suspension, all the spherical cards were placed in a cheese mold having a capacity of 30 kg, and 6 kg of a weight was placed on the mold and pressed for 6 hours. After pressing, salt was added in a 20% saline solution (10 ° C.) for 20 days, and after salting, the cheese surface was pre-dried in a 10 ° C. aging oven for 5 days. After the cheese surface was dried, edible wax was applied and ripened at 10 ° C. for 30 days. When the water content reaches a predetermined value, it is placed in a plastic wrapping material having low water vapor permeability, vacuum-packaged, and aged at 10 ° C. for 35 days. The water content is 35% by weight, the fat content is 30% by weight, and the maturity index STN A young grana cheese with a / TN value of 16% was obtained.
This cheese was cut into blocks of 2 kg in size, and smoked at 35 ° C. for 2 hours using a smoke generator using hickory smoked chips. All of the obtained smoked natural cheeses were preferable without oil-off.
[0034]
Embodiment 4
After cooling the smoked natural cheese of Example 1 in a refrigerator overnight, the smoked natural cheese was shaved into a thin skin having a thickness of about 1 mm using a peeler, and filled and packed in a small bag. This cheese was easy to eat and had good flavor and texture. Furthermore, this cheese was easy to use in dishes such as salads, pizzas, gratins, and spaghetti, and could be used not only as a snack but also as a dish.
[0035]
Embodiment 5
After the smoked natural cheese of Example 1 was cooled in a refrigerator overnight, the shaved portion of the shredded cheese molding machine was processed by a specially processed machine into a 2 mm thick noodle shape, which was filled and packed in a small bag. This cheese was easy to eat and had good flavor and texture. Furthermore, this cheese was easy to use in dishes such as salads, pizzas, gratins, and spaghetti, and could be used not only as a snack but also as a dish.
[0036]
[Test Example 1]
By changing the ripening conditions, ie, the aging temperature conditions (5, 10 ° C.) described in Example 1 and the conditions of the vacuum packaging process (1, 2, 3 months), the water content is 32 to 38% by weight, and the ripening index ( (STN / TN value) Gouda cheese of 16 to 23% was obtained (products of the present invention 1 to 4 and comparative products 1 to 5). This cheese was cut into blocks of 2 kg in size and smoked in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, smoked natural cheese was prepared, and for each smoked natural cheese, suitability for smoke treatment, suitability for molding processing, flavor / texture of cheese, and storage stability were comparatively evaluated.
[0037]
(Evaluation method for smoked natural cheese)
The produced smoked natural cheese was evaluated in the following items.
[0038]
・ Evaluation of suitability for smoke treatment
The degree of shape retention and the amount of oil off the surface of the produced smoked natural cheese were evaluated.
The degree of shape retention was measured by measuring the height of the cheese before and after smoking, and the degree of deformation (%) = (height of cheese after smoking) / (height of cheese before smoking) × 100 was calculated. The evaluation was :: 100%, :: 95 to less than 100%, Δ: 90 to less than 95%, and X: less than 90%.
The oil-off was evaluated by wiping the smoked cheese surface with filter paper and evaluating the amount of oil (per kg of cheese) attached to the filter paper. The evaluation was ◎: 0 g, :: more than 0 g, 0.5 g or less, Δ: more than 0.5 g to 1.0 g or less, x: more than 1.0 g.
[0039]
・ Evaluation of suitability for molding
When shaving the cheese with a peeler, the degree to which a predetermined thickness, width and length were formed without cutting the cheese was evaluated.
It was evaluated whether a cheese having a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 2 cm and a length of 4 cm or more could be stably obtained using a peeler. The ratio in which the cheese in the above range can be obtained stably was ◎: 100%, :: 90 to less than 100%, Δ: 80 to less than 90%, and X: less than 80%.
[0040]
・ Sensory evaluation of flavor and texture
Five expert panelists have a sense of flavor (presence of fragrance generated by smoking process, presence of savoryness, presence of richness, presence of milk) and texture (smoothness, mouthfeel, tongue texture) An evaluation was performed. The evaluation was ◎: very preferable, Δ: preferable, Δ: neither, X: not preferable.
[0041]
・ Evaluation of shelf life
After production, the storage stability was evaluated based on the deterioration of flavor and the presence or absence of cheese adhesion of smoked natural cheese stored at a temperature of 10 ° C. for 4 months.
The evaluation of the flavor deterioration was made based on the strength of the deterioration odor such as the stuffy smell and fatty acid smell of the cheese after storage. The evaluation was ◎: almost not recognized, Δ: slightly recognized, Δ: recognized, ×: considerably recognized.
The evaluation of cheese adhesion was made by filling 30 bags of 1 mm thick, 2 cm wide and 4 cm long thinned cheese into a bag, storing at 10 ° C. for 4 months, binding the cheeses in the bag together, and removing the cheese. The number of cheeses that did not peel and did not peel was counted and evaluated. The evaluation was ◎: 0 sheets, 枚: 2 sheets, Δ: 3 sheets, ×: 4 sheets or more.
Table 1 shows the results of these evaluations.
[0042]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004350541
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
The smoked natural cheese obtained by smoking natural cheese having a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less obtained by the present invention is a molten salt essential for processing into processed cheese. The texture unique to natural cheese is maintained because no emulsifier is used. In addition, the fat content is high to maintain the richness and flavor of natural cheese, and even when stored at a temperature higher than normal, oil off does not easily occur on the cheese surface, and it has a flavor that has never been seen before. It is possible to provide smoked natural cheese with a wide variety of flavors.

Claims (5)

水分含量が35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%以下のナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理してなるオイルオフの少ないスモークナチュラルチーズ。A smoke-free natural cheese with a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less, which is obtained by smoking a natural cheese with less oil off. 脂肪分が30重量%以上である請求項1記載のスモークナチュラルチーズ。The smoked natural cheese according to claim 1, wherein the fat content is 30% by weight or more. 直径5mm以下のヌードル状に成型した請求項1又は2記載のスモークナチュラルチーズ。The smoked natural cheese according to claim 1 or 2, which is molded into a noodle shape having a diameter of 5 mm or less. 厚さ2mm以下の薄片状に成型した請求項1又は2記載のスモークナチュラルチーズ。The smoked natural cheese according to claim 1 or 2, which is formed into a flake having a thickness of 2 mm or less. 水分含量が35重量%以下、熟度指標STN/TN値が20%以下のナチュラルチーズを燻煙処理することを特徴とするスモークナチュラルチーズの製造方法。A method for producing smoked natural cheese, characterized in that natural cheese having a moisture content of 35% by weight or less and a ripeness index STN / TN value of 20% or less is smoked.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008108416A1 (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-12 Meiji Dairies Corporation Cheese and method for production thereof
JP2009118761A (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-06-04 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Hard natural cheese enriched in flavor, and method for producing the same
JP2011167169A (en) * 2010-02-22 2011-09-01 Taisei Kisetsu Kk Cheese production apparatus
JP2013521767A (en) * 2010-03-12 2013-06-13 アーラ フーズ エーエムビーエー Products based on reticulated milk
WO2015005321A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 株式会社明治 Bite-size smoked cheese and method for producing same

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JPH08116874A (en) * 1994-10-18 1996-05-14 Natori:Kk Production of smoke cheese capable of distributing at ordinary temperature
JPH10248486A (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-22 Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd Production of smoke cheese with eating feeling like beef jerky
JP2002281896A (en) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-02 Morinaga Milk Ind Co Ltd Fibrous smoked cheese and method for producing the same
JP2002315505A (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-29 Morinaga Milk Ind Co Ltd Sliced smoked cheese and method for producing the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08116874A (en) * 1994-10-18 1996-05-14 Natori:Kk Production of smoke cheese capable of distributing at ordinary temperature
JPH10248486A (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-22 Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd Production of smoke cheese with eating feeling like beef jerky
JP2002281896A (en) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-02 Morinaga Milk Ind Co Ltd Fibrous smoked cheese and method for producing the same
JP2002315505A (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-29 Morinaga Milk Ind Co Ltd Sliced smoked cheese and method for producing the same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008108416A1 (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-12 Meiji Dairies Corporation Cheese and method for production thereof
JP2008212075A (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-18 Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd Cheese and its production method
JP2009118761A (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-06-04 Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd Hard natural cheese enriched in flavor, and method for producing the same
JP2011167169A (en) * 2010-02-22 2011-09-01 Taisei Kisetsu Kk Cheese production apparatus
JP2013521767A (en) * 2010-03-12 2013-06-13 アーラ フーズ エーエムビーエー Products based on reticulated milk
WO2015005321A1 (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 株式会社明治 Bite-size smoked cheese and method for producing same

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