JP2004332271A - Waterproof sheet corresponding to environment and its execution method - Google Patents

Waterproof sheet corresponding to environment and its execution method Download PDF

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JP2004332271A
JP2004332271A JP2003126596A JP2003126596A JP2004332271A JP 2004332271 A JP2004332271 A JP 2004332271A JP 2003126596 A JP2003126596 A JP 2003126596A JP 2003126596 A JP2003126596 A JP 2003126596A JP 2004332271 A JP2004332271 A JP 2004332271A
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waterproof sheet
construction
waterproof
sheet
heating
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JP3885192B2 (en
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Chiezou Shiomoto
千榮造 塩本
Takakimi Shiomoto
崇公 塩本
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AOI Techno Service KK
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AOI Techno Service KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waterproof sheet with less environmental pollution in construction and easy in execution and its execution method. <P>SOLUTION: The present sheet is a waterproof sheet A for applying a waterproof layer in a bridge floor slab or a concrete structure and the base material 1 is made of a heat fusible adhesive material formed of rubber asphalt or synthetic resin. Such a permeable cover member 4 that when a specified temperature or higher temperature works on the applied face of the waterproof sheer, the base material transfers to the surface is laminated or a heat adhesive covering material which fuses when a certain heat is added and shows adhesiveness is laminated and a mineral granule layer 3 is formed on the surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はアスファルト舗装を舗設するRCコンクリート橋梁のコンクリート床版面、屋上駐車場などの広いコンクリート面あるいは透水性(排水性)アスファルトコンクリート舗装に於いて、透水性舗装をコンクリート舗装の基層の上に舗設する場合などの舗装コンクリート面に防水層を形成する工法に関するものであり、これらの工事の最も重要なポイントである防水シートのコンクリート面への接着を容易にかつ確実に行うことが可能で、さらに工事での廃棄物の発生を最大限抑制した工法と材料を提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
土木並びに建築の工事に於いては、コンクリート面の防水工事はその工事の生命線とも言える重要な部分となっている。防水の不完全な土木あるいは建築構造物はその構造物の耐久性が著しく短くなるばかりでなく、構造物内に設置する諸資産を損失することにもなりかねない重要なものである。
また、近年の環境保護の観点から見ると、従来の防水材料は施工中、施工後に、梱包材、容器その他の不要材料が産業廃棄物として出る物が多かった。また、材料によっては施工中に大量の熱量を必要とし、それ用いて施工を行った結果、二酸化炭素を多く排出することとなり、これも望ましいことではなく、従来の技術の問題点となっていた。
以下、主に土木工事に於ける防水の例をコンクリート橋梁(屋上駐車場などのコンクリート構造物を含む)とコンクリート舗装を例に取り詳細に説明する。
【0003】
コンクリート橋梁にはコンクリート床版の上にアスファルト舗装がなされる場合が多いが、このアスファルト舗装を透過した雨水がコンクリート床版面、もしくはコンクリートの亀裂などから、コンクリート内部の鉄筋部に到達すると鉄筋を腐食させ、コンクリート橋自体の寿命をも左右することとなるため、アスファルト舗装を舗設する前にコンクリート床版面に防水層を施工している(特許文献1参照)。
この防水層としては、従来から、塗布型防水材とシート系防水材などがあり、この塗布型防水材はゴムアスファルトを高温で溶融させたものを床版面にムラなく流し塗りし、放冷後、ゴムアスファルトの層を形成させるようにしたもの、および、クロロプレンゴムなどの合成ゴムを溶剤でカットバックして製造した塗布材を床版面に塗布し、溶剤が揮散後、均一なゴム皮膜が形成されるようにしたものなどがある。
【0004】
これらの塗布型防水材の場合、1回の塗布で形成できる層の厚みも薄く、塗りムラも予想されるため、防水層としての機能を充分に持たせるため、1回の塗布でなく、一定の乾燥時間を置いて、何層にも塗布するなどの煩雑な施工を余儀なくされている。また、シート系防水工法としては、ゴム化アスファルトなどを不織布などの繊維材と組み合わせてシート化した防水シートを加熱溶融したアスファルトなどの接着材を使って、床版コンクリート面に全面接着させて防水層を形成している。但し、この場合も高温で溶けたアスファルトを用いて床版面に貼り付けるため、危険な作業であり、臭気など施工現場周囲に及ぼす影響も好ましくなかった。また、施工は煩雑で時間を要し、熟練を要すものであった。
【0005】
次に、近年、めざましく展開されている排水性(透水性)アスファルト舗装は、通水できる微細間隙を有するように粒度調整された骨材と改質されたアスファルトとを混合して舗設することにより、舗装自体が透水性を有する舗装であり、舗装面での降雨時の溜まり水の減少と走行性の向上、降雨初期のハイドロプレ−ニング現象の防止に一役買っているものであるが、この透水性舗装を舗設する形態として、透水性舗装自体の耐久性がまだ乏しいために、耐久性の高いコンクリート舗装を基盤として舗装して、その上に透水性舗装をオーバーレイする構造が採用されるようになってきている。これは道路としての耐久性はコンクリート舗装からなる基盤で保証し、透水性のオーバーレイ層は、寿命が来たら、打ち替え施工するものである。
【0006】
従来はこのコンクリート舗装面に透水性アスファルト舗装を施工するときに、単に「シール層」と称するタックコートすなわち、アスファルトとの接着を高めるために用いられるアスファルト乳剤もしくはカットバックアスファルトを塗布しただけで、透水性舗装を舗設していた。しかしながら、基盤のコンクリート舗装は道路の耐久性を保証する構成部分であるのに、表面から見えないため、舗装表面に亀裂などの欠陥を生じても検知出来ず、透水性舗装であるため、雨水は常にコンクリート表面を流れるため、欠陥が生じるとそこから雨水が浸透し、内部の鉄筋を犯し、寿命を縮めることとなりかねないことから、そのコンクリート表面の防水が重要視されてきているものである。
【0007】
しかしながら、この種の道路は道路橋の様な限られた面積ではなく、長い距離、広い面積となるため、その防水層の形成を道路橋で用いられているような上記の工法で行うには、施工の工期面の延長、施工コストの増大、施工熟練者の不足などの大きな問題を抱えている。
そのような状況から、この排水性舗装下面の防水層形成の工法には、施工が煩雑でなく、短期に行え、熟練者を要しない新たな工法が待望されているのが実状である。
また、防水材料は施工に伴い多くの廃棄物を排出する。例えば、加熱タイプの塗布型防水材は紙袋やダンボールケースに入った形態で流通している。また常温タイプの塗布型防水剤は一斗缶などの金属缶で流通している。シートタイプの防水材の場合、シートを巻く時にシート相互が接着しないように離型フィルムや離型紙を介在させて巻き取っている。シートを溶かしたアスファルトで貼り付ける工法の場合は、アスファルトを入れた袋が施工後廃棄される。これらの廃棄物の量は橋梁や屋上駐車場、コンクリート道路などを含め、広い面積、長い距離にわたる工事では極めて大量となる。
【0008】
さらに、従来の工法のうち、加熱溶融した防水材を施工面に塗布する工法や、防水シートを加熱したアスファルトを用いて貼り付けてゆく工法では、現場で大量のアスファルト材料を加熱溶解する必要があり、これにはプロパンガスバーナーなどを用いて常に炎を焚いている状態である。また防水シートの一部にはシートの貼り付け面を貼り付ける直前にガスバーナーの炎で直接あぶって、表面の材料を溶かしながら貼り付けてゆくトーチ工法も知られているが、これもガスを大量に使用するため、施工中に二酸化炭素ガスを多く発散させる工法となっている。これらは言うまでもなく環境保護の観点から好ましくないものである。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特許第3128721号公報
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の工法は、アスファルトを高温で溶解してこれを接着剤としてコンクリート面に流し塗りし、その上にアスファルトシートを貼り付けるといった安全面でも好ましくない方法であり、又、二酸化炭素が多く出たり、臭気等の影響もある工法であった。本発明はこれらの問題を安全面、作業環境面で解決ができるものある。また、従来の防水シート工法では、シートを巻くときにシート相互の接着を防止するために離型フィルムや紙を挟み込んで巻いているものがあり、これらは施工時に取り外して廃棄するので、施工後には大量の廃棄物が発生するという問題があったが、本発明ではこれらの問題も解決し得るものである。さらに工事に於いて重要な防水シートの接着の良否に関して、確実な接着を安定して保証でき、従来多く発生していた施工上でのミスや不具合の発生を皆無にできるものである。
そしてこれらの効果により、工期を短縮することが出来ると共に、工事の信頼性を確実にするものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、橋梁の床版や屋上駐車場並びに排水性舗装下面に設けるコンクリート舗装の防水などのような広い面積、長い距離の防水工事を確実な信頼性を持って、早い速度で施工することを主眼にテストを繰り返し、本発明を完成するに至った。なお、本発明の開発に当たっては、近年問題視されている工事現場に於ける二酸化炭素の発生の問題にも焦点をあてた。その結果、現場でプロパンガスや重油などの燃料の使用を低減し、極めて冷工法に近い方法で、これまで最も防水性の信頼性が高かった熱アスファルト工法を上回る信頼性を確保できる工法に至った。
【0012】
本発明の第一の発明は、施工面に熱接着させることができる防水シートに関するもので、この防水シートは基材がゴムアスファルトや合成樹脂などからなる熱溶融性接着材料からなり、防水シートの貼付け側の面に一定以上の熱が加わると基材が表面に移行してくるような透過性被覆材を積層するかもしくは一定の熱が加わると溶融して接着性を示す熱接着性被覆材を積層してなり、必要に応じて他方の面に硅砂等の鉱物粒の被覆層を設けたことを特徴とするものである。
【0013】
防水シートの基材である熱溶融性接着材料は、加熱によって溶融し接着面で固化して接着力を示すものからなる。例えば、石油アスファルトとSBS(スチレン−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体)またはSIS(スチレン−イソプレン−スチレン共重合体)系の熱可塑性エラストマーあるいはこれらとAPP(アタクチックポリプロピレン)との混合物などが挙げられる。基材は、前記材料を加熱溶融してシート状に仕上げるか、または芯材を用いて前記材料の加熱溶融物を芯材に塗布してシート状に仕上げる。芯材は、紙、織布、不織布などのほか、ガラス繊維布など多孔質材料で溶融した材料が容易に含浸するものが好ましく、溶融した材料の塗布によって得られる該材料シートの中間位置に納まるようなものがよい。基材は厚さ1〜5mm程度、好ましくは1.5〜4mm程度のシートに成形する。基材の溶融温度は特に限定されないが、施工時に100℃〜400℃の温度で加熱したとき被覆材表面に浮き出てくる程度の熱溶融性とするとよい。
【0014】
透過性被覆材は、防水シートを加熱したとき溶融した基材が透過し得る材質のシート状のものが使用され、例えばポリエステル不織布など、繊維と繊維の間に隙間が多いものが使用される。目視で隙間が見えるものだけでなく、適度の透過性(通気性)のあるものであれば使用でき、紙、織布、不織布などで多孔質のものが挙げられる。
一定の熱が加わると溶融して接着性を示す熱接着性被覆材としては、SBSまたはSIS系の熱可塑性エラストマーあるいはPE(ポリエチレン)、PP(ポリプロピレン)、APPなどの混合物からなるフィルムで、全面が均一で透過性のないものでもよく、また適当な小孔や切れ目を多数設けたフィルムでもよい。フィルムの溶融温度は、基材の溶融温度よりやや高くすると、加熱時に基材と被覆材との両者の溶融物が防水シート面に形成されるので、接着力を調整できる。基材の他方の面に施される鉱物粒層は、通常、硅砂や細砂などの砂の層を設ける。粒の大きさは特に限定されないが、防水シートの上面に施されるアスファルト舗装材料に応じて選択するとよい。
【0015】
本発明の防水シートの第1の施工方法は、透過性被覆材を裏面に施した防水シートを施工面にその被覆材面が被さって行くように該シートを準備し、この被覆材面を加熱することにより、防水シートの基材である熱溶融性接着材料を加熱溶融して被覆材を透過して表面に浮き出た状態として施工面に貼りつけるものである。
本発明の防水シートは、被覆材表面に浮き出た熱溶融性接着材料が接合剤の役割をするので、溶融したアスファルトなどを接合材として使う必要が無い。透過性のある被覆材としては、より具体的には、例えば坪量(目付)10g/m〜30g/mのポリエステル不織布などが挙げられる。
【0016】
本発明の工法であれば機械化が容易であり、機械化することで防水シートの適切な接着をより迅速に完了することができる。防水シートを送り込む装置、施工面の直前でシートの被覆材面の全幅を熱風等で加熱溶融しながら施工面に貼りつけて行く装置、およびシートを施工面に押しつけて均す装置を組み合わせて機械化することができる。
防水シートの加熱に本発明は炎でなく温度が均一な高温の熱風を用いるので、炎のような温度の不均一が無く、温度が過剰に掛かる部分と掛からない部分が混在するようなことがない。加熱方法としては、熱風に代えて赤外線加熱、輻射熱加熱を用いることもできる。
【0017】
本発明の第2の施工方法は、シート裏面の透過性被覆材面から熱可塑性材料を浸み出させるために被覆材面を加熱する方法として、中空のドラムを用い、このドラムの内側から電熱、火炎、熱媒体油等で加熱し、ドラム表面に防水シートを当接させて被覆材面を加熱し、施工面に貼り付ける施工法である。防水シートの全面を均一に加熱することが可能なこの方法は、防水シートの被覆材面上に適切に熱溶融性接着材料をしみ出させる方法として優れている。
従来、トーチ工法という防水シートの貼り付け工法が周知となっているが、この工法は作業員の一人が防水シートを転がして行き、一人がプロパンガスや重油などのバーナーの炎を防水シートの裏面に直接当てて裏面のゴムアスファルトを溶融しながら施工面に敷設する方法である。この従来の方法ではバーナーの炎が過度に当たったり不足したりするために安定な接着が得られなかった。また、火炎を繁用することでCOガスが大量に発生するのは避けられないという問題点を有していた。
以下、本発明を実施例と共に詳細に説明する。
【0018】
【実施例】
実施例1
本発明の防水シートの基材(1)となる熱溶融性接着材料として石油アスファルトとSBSまたはSIS系の熱可塑性エラストマーあるいはAPP(アタクチックポリプロピレン)との混合物を用い、常温でも粘着性のある材料を製造し、これを溶融した状態で加熱したコーティングロール上に存在させながらシートの補強芯材(2)をコーティングロール間に通して基材シート(1)を製造する。コーティングロールから得られる基材シートは、巻き取り時にシートの下面側に被覆材(4)を合わせるとともに、基材シート(1)表面に硅砂の細粒(3)を付着させて巻き取った。この硅砂の細粒は防水シートを施工したあとでその上にアスコン合材を転圧するときに、アスコン合材との接着を高めるためのものであり、通常の防水シートに施されているものを使用することができる。
基材シート成形の直後にシートの裏面に積層する被覆材(4)にはポリエステル不織布(坪量30g/m)を用い、そのポリエステル不織布で被覆された透過性被覆材面を有する防水シート(A)とした。
【0019】
実施例2
実施例1で製造した防水シートを用いて施工面への接着を行った。
予め、施工面にはプライマーを塗布しておく。プライマーは通常の防水シートの貼り付けにも用いられているもので、SBSまたはSIS系の熱可塑性エラストマーとアスファルトの混合物をキシレン等の溶剤でカットバックしたもので、施工面の全面を覆って施工面の微細な凹凸や埃などを封じ込める役割を持つ。
施工は図2に示すような構造を持つ装置を使用する。現場に搬送した巻物状の防水シート(5)を幾本かのガイドロール(10)を介して貼り付け施工面(6)に導き、貼り付けの直前で間接熱発生装置(7)から出る熱(輻射熱)を防水シート(5)の全幅に対して当て、被覆材(ポリエステル不織布)の内側の基材を加熱溶融してポリエステル不織布の面上に滲み出させ、加圧ローラー(8)で加圧して施工面(6)に貼り付けて行く。なお防水シート(5)は巻きの最後の端部を次の巻物状の防水シート(5)の最初の端部に、繋ぎ台の上で繋ぎ合わせて連続して施工して行く。図中、(71)は熱風等の熱放出具、(81)は加圧ローラー(8)の加圧手段(加圧シリンダー等)を示す。
防水シートの巻物(5)は、図2に示すようにそれぞれ独立した架台に懸架しておいてもよく、また図3に示すように回転し得るアーム(11)の両端の懸架部に掛けて一方の巻物(5)が終了したとき回転させて他方の巻物(5)が所定の位置に来るようにしてもよい。
【0020】
実施例3
もう一つの施工方法として図3に示すような構造の装置も使用できる。
同様に現場に搬送した本発明の防水シート(5)を幾本かのガイドロール(10)を介して加熱用の回転ドラム(9)に導く。この回転ドラム(9)は内部に電熱板を有し、ドラムの表面温度の制御が可能で、ドラム表面に防水シート(5)を当接させて回転させることにより、被覆材(4)の表面に基材(熱溶融性接着材料)を浮き出させながら、加圧ローラー(8)で加圧して貼り付けて行く。
なお、この回転ドラムは加圧ローラーやガイドロールでもよく、加熱の方法はプロパンガスや各種燃料での火炎による加熱、あるいはドラムまたはローラー等の内部に媒体が循環する部分を設けて、そこに別のタンク等で加熱した熱媒体油を循環させる方式でも可能である。
【0021】
これらの施工方法の実証試験として図4に示すような試験方法で防水シートの接着せん断試験を行ったところ、表1に示すように良好な接着強度が得られた。
試験は、施工面モデルとしてスレート板(21)を用い、スレート板面に実施例2に記載のプライマー(22)を塗布し、防水シート(A)を加熱して貼り合わせた。
試験条件は、試験温度23℃、引張り速度10mm/分、接着面積は30mm×50mmである。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 2004332271
なお、被覆材として表面を加熱したときに被覆材を透過して基材の熱可塑性材料が浮き出るような被覆材の代わりに、被覆材自体が加熱により溶融して施工面に接着させることも可能である。この場合も施工に用いる装置は同様の装置を使用可能である。
このように本発明は新規でかつ有効な特徴を多く重ね持つ施工法である。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上により、本発明は次のような多数の効果を奏するものである。
1.本発明の防水層の施工法では、従来のように加熱溶解したゴムアスファルトをコンクリート面に流し塗りしたり、溶融したアスファルトを用いてシートを貼り付けるという様な従来の工法と違い、従来の様な多くの機械や燃料を多用することがない。また、アスファルトやシートをガスバーナーで加熱することも無いので、COガスの発生も無く、地球に優しい工法である。
2.防水層の良否は施工面に強力に接着しているかどうかで決まり、従来はこの管理のためや接着不足の部分の手直しに多くの時間と労力を要していたが、本発明ではこれらの管理や手直しをする必要が無いほど安定した接着が出来るので施工管理が容易である。
【0024】
3.防水シートを巻き取るときに相互の接着を防ぐために離型フィルムや離型紙が多用されていたので、不要になったこれらの資材は大量の廃棄物となっていたが、本発明ではこれら資材を用いないため、廃棄物が出ず、産業廃棄物の削減に寄与できる。
4.従来は施工面への防水シートの接着を確実にするため、別に熔解したアスファルトを施工面とシートとの間に流したり、余分な時間を設けて加熱したりしていたが、本工法では容易にかつ連続的に貼り付けることが出来るので工期、熟練作業員数などを大幅に削減でき経済的である。
5.防水シートの全幅を均一に加熱溶融でき、全幅を均一な接着強度で貼り付けてゆけるのでムラが無く、シートのふくれを生じにくい。
6.本発明の施工法では安定した施工を迅速に実施可能であり、総合的な効果により、建設コストを削減することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の防水シートの一実施例の断面図である。
【図2】防水シートの施工方法を示す模式図である。
【図3】防水シートの他の施工方法を示す模式図である。
【図4】防水シートの接着力試験方法を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:熱可塑性材料
2:芯材
3:鉱物粒
4:透過性被覆材
5:本発明の防水シート
6:貼り付け施工面
7:熱風発生装置
8:加圧ローラー
9:加熱用回転ドラム[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to laying a permeable pavement on a concrete pavement base layer in a concrete floor slab of an RC concrete bridge for laying asphalt pavement, a wide concrete surface such as a rooftop parking lot, or a permeable (drainable) asphalt concrete pavement. It is related to the method of forming a waterproof layer on the concrete surface of pavement such as when performing, it is possible to easily and reliably adhere the waterproof sheet, which is the most important point of these works, to the concrete surface, It provides construction methods and materials that minimize the generation of waste during construction.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In civil engineering and architectural works, waterproofing of concrete surfaces is an important part that can be said to be the lifeline of the work. Imperfectly waterproof civil or architectural structures are of significant importance, as not only can the durability of the structure be significantly shortened, but also the assets installed in the structure can be lost.
In addition, from the viewpoint of environmental protection in recent years, in many cases, conventional waterproofing materials, such as packing materials, containers, and other unnecessary materials are discharged as industrial waste during and after construction. In addition, depending on the material, a large amount of heat is required during construction, and as a result of performing construction using the material, a large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted, which is also undesirable and has been a problem of the conventional technology. .
Hereinafter, examples of waterproofing mainly in civil engineering work will be described in detail taking concrete bridges (including concrete structures such as rooftop parking lots) and concrete pavements as examples.
[0003]
Concrete bridges are often covered with asphalt pavement on concrete slabs, but when the rainwater that has passed through the asphalt pavement reaches the reinforcing bars inside the concrete from the concrete slab surface or concrete cracks, etc. Therefore, the waterproof layer is applied to the concrete slab before paving the asphalt pavement (see Patent Document 1).
Conventionally, as the waterproof layer, there are a coating type waterproofing material and a sheet type waterproofing material, and the coating type waterproofing material is obtained by melting a rubber asphalt at a high temperature and uniformly applying the coating on the floor slab. , A layer of rubber asphalt, and a coating material manufactured by cutting back synthetic rubber such as chloroprene rubber with a solvent is applied to the floor slab, and after the solvent evaporates, a uniform rubber film is formed. There are things that are to be done.
[0004]
In the case of these coating-type waterproofing materials, the thickness of a layer that can be formed by one application is small, and uneven coating is also expected. After the drying time, complicated construction such as applying several layers is inevitable. In addition, as a sheet-based waterproofing method, a waterproof sheet made by combining rubberized asphalt with a fiber material such as nonwoven fabric is bonded to the floor slab concrete surface using an adhesive such as asphalt that is heated and melted, and waterproofed. Forming a layer. However, also in this case, since the asphalt melted at a high temperature is used to stick the slab to the floor slab, the operation is dangerous, and the influence on the surroundings of the construction site, such as odor, is not preferable. Moreover, the construction was complicated, time-consuming, and required skill.
[0005]
Next, drainage (permeable) asphalt pavement, which has been remarkably developed in recent years, is performed by mixing aggregate and particle size-adjusted asphalt to have fine gaps through which water can pass, and paving the mixture. However, the pavement itself is a pavement having water permeability, and has been playing a role in reducing accumulated water during rainfall on the pavement surface, improving runnability, and preventing the hydroplaning phenomenon at the beginning of rainfall. As a form of paving the permeable pavement, the structure of overlaying the permeable pavement on top of a highly durable concrete pavement as the base of the permeable pavement itself is likely to be adopted because the durability of the permeable pavement itself is still poor. It is becoming. This means that the durability of the road is guaranteed by the base made of concrete pavement, and the permeable overlay layer is to be replaced after the end of its life.
[0006]
Conventionally, when constructing a permeable asphalt pavement on this concrete pavement surface, simply apply a tack coat called `` seal layer '', that is, apply an asphalt emulsion or cutback asphalt used to increase the adhesion with asphalt, A permeable pavement was paved. However, although the concrete pavement of the foundation is a component that guarantees the durability of the road, it cannot be detected from the surface because it cannot be seen from the surface, and it can not be detected even if defects such as cracks occur on the pavement surface. Since water always flows on the concrete surface, rainwater penetrates from it when defects occur, and it can damage the internal rebar and shorten the life, so waterproofing of the concrete surface has been regarded as important. .
[0007]
However, since this type of road is not a limited area like a road bridge but a long distance and a large area, it is necessary to form the waterproof layer by the above-mentioned construction method used in a road bridge. In addition, there are major problems such as extension of construction period, increase of construction cost, and shortage of skilled workers.
Under such circumstances, a method of forming a waterproof layer on the lower surface of the drainage pavement is expected to be a new method that can be performed in a short period of time without complicated work and does not require a skilled person.
In addition, the waterproofing material discharges a lot of waste with construction. For example, a heating type coating type waterproof material is distributed in a form of a paper bag or a cardboard case. The room temperature type coating type waterproofing agent is distributed in metal cans such as cans. In the case of a sheet-type waterproof material, the sheet is wound with a release film or release paper interposed therebetween so that the sheets do not adhere to each other when the sheet is wound. In the case of the method of sticking the sheet with asphalt melted, the bag containing the asphalt is discarded after construction. The amount of these wastes is extremely large for large-area and long-distance works, including bridges, rooftop parking lots, and concrete roads.
[0008]
Furthermore, among the conventional methods, a method of applying a heated and melted waterproof material to the construction surface, and a method of attaching a waterproof sheet using heated asphalt, require a large amount of asphalt material to be heated and melted on site. There is a state in which a flame is constantly being fired using a propane gas burner or the like. A torch method is also known in which a part of the waterproof sheet is directly blown with a gas burner flame just before the sheet is pasted, and then is applied while melting the surface material. It is a method of emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide gas during construction because it is used in large quantities. Needless to say, these are undesirable from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3128721
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional method is an unfavorable method in terms of safety, such as dissolving asphalt at a high temperature, applying it as an adhesive to a concrete surface, and applying an asphalt sheet on it, and also causing a large amount of carbon dioxide. The method was also affected by odor and the like. The present invention can solve these problems in terms of safety and working environment. In addition, in the conventional waterproofing sheet construction method, when winding the sheet, there is a thing that sandwiches a release film or paper in order to prevent adhesion between the sheets, and these are removed at the time of construction and discarded, so after the construction Has a problem that a large amount of waste is generated, but the present invention can solve these problems. Furthermore, regarding the quality of the adhesion of the waterproof sheet, which is important in the construction, reliable adhesion can be stably guaranteed, and the occurrence of mistakes and defects in the construction which have conventionally occurred frequently can be eliminated.
These effects can shorten the construction period and ensure the reliability of the construction.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have constructed a large-area, long-distance waterproofing work such as waterproofing a concrete pavement provided on a floor slab of a bridge, a rooftop parking lot, and a drainage pavement underneath with a reliable reliability and at a high speed. The test was repeated with the primary aim of completing the present invention. In the development of the present invention, the problem of the generation of carbon dioxide in a construction site, which has been regarded as a problem in recent years, was also focused on. As a result, the use of fuel such as propane gas and heavy oil on site has been reduced, and a method that is extremely close to the cold method has achieved reliability that surpasses that of the hot water asphalt method, which had the highest reliability of waterproofing. Was.
[0012]
The first invention of the present invention relates to a waterproof sheet that can be thermally bonded to a construction surface, and the waterproof sheet is made of a hot-melt adhesive material whose base material is made of rubber asphalt, synthetic resin, or the like. Laminate a permeable covering material that transfers the base material to the surface when a certain amount of heat is applied to the surface on the application side, or heat adhesive coating material that melts and shows adhesiveness when a certain amount of heat is applied And a coating layer of mineral particles such as silica sand is provided on the other surface as necessary.
[0013]
The heat-meltable adhesive material, which is the base material of the waterproof sheet, is made of a material which is melted by heating and solidified on the bonding surface to exhibit an adhesive force. Examples thereof include petroleum asphalt and SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer) or SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer) -based thermoplastic elastomer, or a mixture of these with APP (atactic polypropylene). The base material is heated and melted to finish the sheet into a sheet shape, or a core material is used to apply a heated melt of the material to the core material to finish the sheet shape. The core material is preferably a material which is easily impregnated with a material melted with a porous material such as paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, glass fiber cloth, etc., and fits in an intermediate position of the material sheet obtained by applying the melted material. Something like is good. The substrate is formed into a sheet having a thickness of about 1 to 5 mm, preferably about 1.5 to 4 mm. Although the melting temperature of the base material is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the base material has a heat melting property such that the base material emerges on the surface of the coating material when heated at a temperature of 100 ° C to 400 ° C during construction.
[0014]
As the permeable covering material, a sheet material of a material through which the molten base material can pass when the waterproof sheet is heated is used, and a material having a large gap between fibers, such as a polyester nonwoven fabric, is used. Not only those having visible gaps but also those having appropriate permeability (breathability) can be used, and examples thereof include porous materials such as paper, woven fabric, and nonwoven fabric.
Examples of the thermo-adhesive coating material which melts when given heat is applied and exhibits adhesiveness include a film made of SBS or SIS-based thermoplastic elastomer or a mixture of PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and APP. May be uniform and non-permeable, or may be a film provided with a number of suitable small holes and cuts. When the melting temperature of the film is slightly higher than the melting temperature of the base material, a melt of both the base material and the coating material is formed on the waterproof sheet surface during heating, so that the adhesive strength can be adjusted. The mineral grain layer applied to the other surface of the substrate usually has a layer of sand such as silica sand or fine sand. The size of the grains is not particularly limited, but may be selected according to the asphalt pavement material applied to the upper surface of the waterproof sheet.
[0015]
In the first method for applying a waterproof sheet according to the present invention, a waterproof sheet having a permeable covering material applied to the back surface is prepared so that the covering material surface covers the construction surface, and the covering material surface is heated. By doing so, the hot-melt adhesive material, which is the base material of the waterproof sheet, is heated and melted, passes through the coating material, and sticks to the construction surface in a state of being raised on the surface.
In the waterproof sheet of the present invention, since the hot-melt adhesive material protruding on the surface of the covering material functions as a bonding agent, there is no need to use molten asphalt or the like as a bonding material. The permeability is dressing, more specifically, for example, basis weight (basis weight) Polyester nonwoven 10g / m 2 ~30g / m 2 and the like.
[0016]
According to the method of the present invention, mechanization is easy, and appropriate bonding of the waterproof sheet can be completed more quickly by mechanization. Mechanized by combining a device that feeds in a waterproof sheet, a device that sticks to the construction surface while heating and melting the entire width of the covering material surface of the sheet with hot air just before the construction surface, and a device that presses the sheet against the construction surface and levels it can do.
Since the present invention uses a high-temperature hot air having a uniform temperature for heating the waterproof sheet instead of a flame, there is no non-uniform temperature such as a flame, and a portion where the temperature is excessively applied and a portion where the temperature is not applied may be mixed. Absent. As a heating method, infrared heating or radiant heating can be used instead of hot air.
[0017]
The second construction method of the present invention uses a hollow drum as a method of heating the surface of the covering material in order to infiltrate the thermoplastic material from the surface of the permeable covering material on the back surface of the sheet. This is a method of heating with a flame, heat medium oil or the like, bringing a waterproof sheet into contact with the drum surface, heating the surface of the covering material, and affixing it to the construction surface. This method, which can uniformly heat the entire surface of the waterproof sheet, is excellent as a method for appropriately exuding the hot-melt adhesive material onto the coating material surface of the waterproof sheet.
Conventionally, the method of attaching a waterproof sheet called the torch method is known, but in this method, one of the workers rolls the waterproof sheet and one person burns the burner flame such as propane gas or heavy oil on the back of the waterproof sheet. This is a method in which the rubber asphalt on the back side is melted by direct application to the construction surface and laid on the construction surface. In this conventional method, stable adhesion could not be obtained due to excessive or insufficient burner flame. In addition, there is a problem that it is inevitable that a large amount of CO 2 gas is generated due to frequent use of flames.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with examples.
[0018]
【Example】
Example 1
A mixture of petroleum asphalt and SBS or SIS-based thermoplastic elastomer or APP (atactic polypropylene) is used as a hot-melt adhesive material serving as a base material (1) of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. Is produced, and the reinforcing core material (2) of the sheet is passed between the coating rolls while being present on a heated coating roll in a molten state to produce a base sheet (1). The base material sheet obtained from the coating roll was wound together with the coating material (4) on the lower surface side of the sheet at the time of winding, and fine silica sand particles (3) adhered to the surface of the base material sheet (1). The fine particles of silica sand are used to increase the adhesion with the ascon mixture when the ascon mixture is rolled on it after applying the waterproof sheet. Can be used.
A polyester nonwoven fabric (basis weight: 30 g / m 2 ) is used as the coating material (4) to be laminated on the back surface of the sheet immediately after the base sheet is formed, and a waterproof sheet having a permeable coating material surface coated with the polyester nonwoven fabric ( A).
[0019]
Example 2
Using the waterproof sheet manufactured in Example 1, adhesion to the construction surface was performed.
A primer is applied to the construction surface in advance. The primer is also used for attaching a normal waterproof sheet. It is a mixture of SBS or SIS-based thermoplastic elastomer and asphalt cut back with a solvent such as xylene, and covers the entire construction surface. It has the role of containing fine irregularities and dust on the surface.
For the construction, an apparatus having a structure as shown in FIG. 2 is used. The roll-shaped waterproof sheet (5) conveyed to the site is guided to the application surface (6) via several guide rolls (10), and the heat generated from the indirect heat generator (7) immediately before the application is applied. (Radiant heat) is applied to the entire width of the waterproof sheet (5), and the base material inside the coating material (polyester nonwoven fabric) is heated and melted to exude onto the surface of the polyester nonwoven fabric, and is applied by a pressure roller (8). Press and stick on construction surface (6). Note that the waterproof sheet (5) is continuously constructed by joining the last end of the winding to the first end of the next scroll-shaped waterproof sheet (5) on a tie. In the drawing, (71) indicates a heat releasing tool such as hot air, and (81) indicates a pressing means (a pressing cylinder or the like) of the pressing roller (8).
The roll of waterproof sheet (5) may be suspended on independent stands as shown in FIG. 2, or may be hung on both ends of a rotatable arm (11) as shown in FIG. When one of the scrolls (5) is finished, it may be rotated so that the other scroll (5) comes to a predetermined position.
[0020]
Example 3
As another construction method, an apparatus having a structure as shown in FIG. 3 can be used.
Similarly, the waterproof sheet (5) of the present invention conveyed to the site is guided to a heating drum (9) via several guide rolls (10). The rotating drum (9) has an electric heating plate inside, and can control the surface temperature of the drum. By rotating the drum with the waterproof sheet (5) in contact with the drum surface, the surface of the coating material (4) is rotated. While the substrate (heat-fusible adhesive material) is being lifted, the pressure roller (8) presses and adheres the substrate.
The rotating drum may be a pressure roller or a guide roller, and the heating method is heating by flame with propane gas or various fuels, or providing a part where the medium circulates inside the drum or roller, and providing another part. It is also possible to circulate the heating medium oil heated in a tank or the like.
[0021]
As a demonstration test of these construction methods, when an adhesive shear test of the waterproof sheet was performed by a test method as shown in FIG. 4, good adhesive strength was obtained as shown in Table 1.
In the test, a slate plate (21) was used as a construction surface model, the primer (22) described in Example 2 was applied to the slate plate surface, and the waterproof sheet (A) was bonded by heating.
The test conditions were a test temperature of 23 ° C., a tensile speed of 10 mm / min, and an adhesive area of 30 mm × 50 mm.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004332271
In addition, instead of a coating material that passes through the coating material when the surface is heated and the thermoplastic material of the base material emerges as a coating material, the coating material itself can be melted by heating and adhered to the construction surface It is. In this case, the same device can be used for the construction.
As described above, the present invention is a construction method having many new and effective features.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention has the following numerous effects.
1. In the method of applying the waterproof layer of the present invention, unlike the conventional construction method in which rubber asphalt heated and melted is applied to a concrete surface as in the past and a sheet is attached using molten asphalt, the conventional method is used. There is no heavy use of many machines and fuels. In addition, since the asphalt and the sheet are not heated by the gas burner, there is no generation of CO 2 gas, and the method is earth-friendly.
2. The quality of a waterproof layer is determined by whether it is strongly adhered to the construction surface.Conventionally, it took a lot of time and effort for this management and repair of the part with insufficient adhesion. Since there is no need for reworking, stable bonding can be performed, so that construction management is easy.
[0024]
3. Release films and release papers were frequently used to prevent mutual adhesion when winding the waterproof sheet, so these unnecessary materials became a large amount of waste, but in the present invention, these materials were used as waste. Since it is not used, no waste is generated, which can contribute to the reduction of industrial waste.
4. In the past, in order to ensure the adhesion of the waterproof sheet to the construction surface, separately melted asphalt was flowed between the construction surface and the sheet or heated for an extra time, but this method is easy Can be attached continuously and continuously, and the construction period, the number of skilled workers, etc. can be greatly reduced, which is economical.
5. The entire width of the waterproof sheet can be uniformly heated and melted, and the entire width can be stuck with uniform adhesive strength, so that there is no unevenness and the sheet does not easily bulge.
6. According to the construction method of the present invention, stable construction can be quickly performed, and the construction cost can be reduced due to the overall effect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a waterproof sheet of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method for installing a waterproof sheet.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another construction method of the waterproof sheet.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method for testing the adhesive strength of a waterproof sheet.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Thermoplastic material 2: Core material 3: Mineral particle 4: Permeable coating material 5: Waterproof sheet 6 of the present invention: Pasting work surface 7: Hot air generator 8: Pressure roller 9: Rotating drum for heating

Claims (5)

橋梁床版やコンクリート構造物に防水層を施すための防水シートで、その基材がゴムアスファルトや合成樹脂などからなる熱溶融性接着材料からなり、防水シートの貼付け側の面に一定以上の熱が加わると基材が表面に移行してくるような透過性被覆材を積層するかもしくは一定の熱が加わると溶融して接着性を示す熱接着性被覆材を積層したことを特徴とする防水シート。A waterproof sheet for applying a waterproof layer to bridge decks and concrete structures.The base material is made of a hot-melt adhesive material such as rubber asphalt or synthetic resin. Waterproofing characterized by laminating a permeable covering material such that the base material moves to the surface when added, or laminating a thermo-adhesive covering material that melts when a certain amount of heat is applied and shows adhesiveness Sheet. 防水シートの基材の表面に硅砂等の鉱物粒の被覆層を設け、その反対側の面に透過性被覆材もしくは熱接着性被覆材を積層したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の防水シート。The waterproof sheet according to claim 1, wherein a coating layer made of mineral particles such as silica sand is provided on the surface of the base material of the waterproof sheet, and a permeable coating material or a heat-adhesive coating material is laminated on the opposite surface. . 橋梁床版やコンクリート構造物に防水層を施すための防水シートの施工方法であって、ゴムアスファルトや合成樹脂などからなる熱溶融性接着材料からなる基材の貼付け側の面に一定以上の熱が加わると基材が表面に移行してくるような透過性被覆材を積層してなる防水シートを用い、この防水シートを施工面に貼り付ける直前に該被覆材面を加熱し、基材を被覆材表面に移行させて施工面に貼り付けることを特徴とする防水シートの施工法。This is a method of applying a waterproof sheet for applying a waterproof layer to bridge decks and concrete structures, and a certain level of heat is applied to the surface on the side where the base material made of a hot-melt adhesive material such as rubber asphalt or synthetic resin is attached Using a waterproof sheet made by laminating a permeable covering material such that the base material migrates to the surface when added, and heating the covering material surface immediately before attaching the waterproof sheet to the construction surface, A method for constructing a waterproof sheet, which is transferred to a surface of a covering material and attached to a construction surface. 防水シートを施工面に貼り付ける直前に被覆材面を加熱する方法として、100℃〜400℃の間接加熱の熱を使用することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の防水シートの施工法。The method for applying a waterproof sheet according to claim 3, wherein heat of indirect heating at 100C to 400C is used as a method of heating the surface of the covering material immediately before attaching the waterproof sheet to the construction surface. 防水シートを施工面に貼り付ける直前に被覆材面を加熱する方法として、加熱用の回転ドラムの表面に防水シートを接触させ、加熱後に施工面に貼り付けることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の防水シートの施工法。5. A method of heating the surface of the covering material immediately before attaching the waterproof sheet to the construction surface, wherein the waterproof sheet is brought into contact with the surface of the heating rotary drum, and is then adhered to the construction surface after heating. Construction method of waterproof sheet described in.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012510013A (en) * 2008-11-27 2012-04-26 シーカ・テクノロジー・アーゲー Lane seal and manufacturing method thereof
JP2013023949A (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-02-04 Central Nippon Expressway Co Ltd Repair method of road pavement and sticking type pavement repair material
JP2017040140A (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-02-23 アーキヤマデ株式会社 Sheet material habit removal device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012510013A (en) * 2008-11-27 2012-04-26 シーカ・テクノロジー・アーゲー Lane seal and manufacturing method thereof
JP2013023949A (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-02-04 Central Nippon Expressway Co Ltd Repair method of road pavement and sticking type pavement repair material
JP2017040140A (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-02-23 アーキヤマデ株式会社 Sheet material habit removal device

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