JP2004324307A

JP2004324307A - Building with ventlation control device, and ventilation control method

Info

Publication number: JP2004324307A
Application number: JP2003122699A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Keizo Kazami; 風見桂三; Hidenori Takamura; 高村秀紀
Original assignee: Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-04-25
Filing date: 2003-04-25
Publication date: 2004-11-18

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building obtaining energy saving forming a thermal environment of a good habitable space by suppressing cooling outflow from an underfloor ventilation opening to the outdoor in a simple method and forming natural temperature distribution in the building from an intermediate season to summer, and to provide a venting control method. <P>SOLUTION: The building is provided with the underfloor ventilation opening or an outer sheath opening part that can be automatically opened and closed by a control means, and automatically closes at least any one of the underfloor ventilation opening and the outer sheath opening part when outdoor temperature is higher than inside space temperature. Alternatively, the building is provided with an exhaust fan that can automatically adjust a wind amount by the control means, and makes the air volume of the exhaust fan when the outdoor temperature is higher than the inside space temperature smaller than the other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
建物内部の中空層内における、内外温度差による通気を最適に制御可能な建物およびその制御方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
断熱気密化により居住空間内の保温性を高めた住宅の夏季においては、特に開口部から侵入した太陽の日射熱によって、居住空間の温度が外気温度に比べ高い状況が続く、熱ごもりの状態になりやすいことが知られている。この問題を改善する建物として、外気を床下換気口から導入し、一旦床下の冷熱で冷却した後、断熱壁の内側に形成した壁内通気層を通じて建物の上部に冷熱を伝熱させて、小屋裏換気口から空気を排出する、いわゆる壁内通気住宅が数多く知られている（例えば特許文献１参照）。これら建物内外の温度差によって壁内や居住空間の通気を行う、いわゆる通気住宅では、外気温度はもちろん、居住空間温度も空調機の利用状況、開口部の日射遮蔽や近隣建物などの日陰によっても、時々刻々居住空間温度は変化しており、得られる通気量も、また取り入れる外気の温度も変化している。
【０００３】
さらに、このような壁内通気住宅において、床下への低温外気の導入、床下冷熱の通気層への導入などを促進させる目的で、小屋裏に換気ファンを設置し、導入外気量および壁内通気量を安定的に確保したものも知られている（例えば特許文献２、３参照）。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】特開平１０−４６６９４（第１図）
【０００５】
【特許文献２】実開平０６−４２０９（第１図）
【０００６】
【特許文献３】実開平０６−２８５３４（第３図）
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特に夏季において外気が建物内の温度よりも高い場合には、建物上方への温度差通気が得られず、建物上部の開口から熱気が侵入して上部の熱気が、比較的低温の下階に降下してくる場合がある。その場合、床下および建物内に有効な冷気がある場合、床下換気口から外部に流出する事になる。
またファンによって強制的に通気している例では、取り入れる外気が建物内の温度に有効であるかを判断しておらず、その場合屋内の温度よりも高い外気を取り入れてしまい、床下の冷気を無駄なく有効に利用しているとはいえない。さらに、外気の取り入れを温度センサーによって制御した例においても、外気を取り入れない時には、建物内部の温度を強制的に均質化させるように、ファンで内部を攪拌させると、建物上階の比較的高温である空気と低温の下階空気とを強制的に混ぜてしまい、下階温度が上昇してしまうこと、またこの事は、一部の部屋を一時的に冷房をする間欠冷房の住まい方をする場合には、非空調室の熱負荷をより多く負担させることにもなり、建物全体を連続的に冷房を行わない住宅などの建物には適しにくいという問題があった。
【０００８】
以上の問題を鑑み、本発明では、簡易な方法で、壁内下方への空気流による床下換気口から屋外への冷気流出を抑えるとともに、建物上部からの熱気の流入を防ぐことで、中間季から夏季において、建物内により自然な温度分布による良好な居住空間（室内）の熱環境を形成し、省エネルギー効果が得られる建物および通気の制御方法を提供する。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、前記目的を達成するために、以下の構成を有する通気制御装置付き建物および通気制御方法である。
【００１０】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部とによって外気と連通可能である建物であって、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて高い時に、該中空層内の空気が床下換気口から屋外に流出することを防ぐ通気制御装置を設けた通気制御装置付き建物（請求項１）。
【００１１】
前記通気制御装置は、少なくとも制御手段と、前記外皮開口部または前記床下換気口またはその両方を自動開閉する自動開閉手段とからなり、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて高い時に、該床下換気口および前記外皮開口部のうち、少なくともいずれか一方を該通気制御装置により閉鎖することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の建物（請求項２）。
【００１２】
前記通気制御装置は、少なくとも制御手段と、前記外皮開口部に接続された排気ファンとからなり、該通気制御装置により、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて高い時には、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて低い時よりも前記排気ファンの風量を少なくなるように調整可能としたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の建物（請求項３）。
【００１３】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部とによって外気と連通可能である建物であって、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて高い時に、該床下換気口および前記外皮開口部のうち、少なくともいずれか一方を閉鎖することを特徴とする通気制御方法（請求項４）。
【００１４】
コンクリート基礎と、外装材と内装材との間に張り巡らした断熱材とによって外気と区画された内部空間を有し、その内部空間には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層とを有し、前記中空層は開閉可能な床下換気口および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部とによって外気と連通可能である建物であって、前記外皮開口部に接続された排気ファンの風量を、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて高い時には、屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて低い時よりも風量を少なくなるように調整することを特徴とする通気制御方法（請求項５）。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図１は、本発明による通気制御装置付き建物の断面を模式的に示す断面図である。なお本発明に特徴的な中間季から夏季の状態を示しており、床下換気口１３と外皮開口部１６とを開放して、中空層３の内部を空気が通気している状態を示している。
【００１６】
本発明の第１の実施形態を示す図１は、コンクリート基礎２０と、外装材２３、２５と内装材２６との間に張り巡らした断熱材２２、２４とによって外気と区画され、その内部には、内装材２６で囲まれた居住空間２と、該居住空間以外の部分からなる中空層３とを有し、断熱材２１および前記コンクリート基礎２０を貫通した床下換気口１３、断熱材２２、２４と外装材２３、２５との間には連続した外側通気層および、断熱材２２と外装材２３、あるいは断熱材２４と外装材２５とを貫通する外皮開口部１６とを有している。なお外皮開口部１６は、床下換気口１３の開放時に上方への温度差通気が発生しやすいように、床下換気口１３と高さ方向になるべく距離をおいて形成していることが好ましく、図１では最上階の居住空間２の天井より上方の中空層に形成している。
【００１７】
前記中空層３は、図１のように床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６を開放している時は、外気と流通可能な状態にすることができる。また、断熱材２２、２４と外装材２３、２５との間には連続した外側通気層が設けられていて、その下端（基礎上端部付近）と上端（棟部）、場合によっては、軒部分あるいはその他の箇所に開口部が設けられていて、常時外気の流通が可能な状態となっている。なお図示しないが、居住空間２の内部は換気装置によって、中空層３とは別に、外気と換気可能となっていることが好ましく、常時換気可能となっていることが更に好ましく、省エネルギーの面から、熱交換機能を有していることがより好ましい。
【００１８】
また、中空層３と外側通気層の空気は実質的に交わらないようにされている。なお、外皮開口部１６が例えば図１の断熱材２４の棟部分に外側通気層に向けて設けられることも可能であるが、その場合においても外皮開口部１６から排出された空気は棟部分に設けられた外側通気層の開口部から屋外に排出させて、中空層３と外気通気層の空気とは実質的に交わらないようにすることが可能である。
【００１９】
前記断熱材は、柱、梁、耐力合板などの構造体の外側に位置するようにした外張り工法が、中空層３を容易に確保可能であるという点で良好であるが、中空層３が確保できる断熱材厚みであれば、構造体の内部に位置する充填断熱工法であってもよい。またコンクリート基礎２０部分の断熱材２１は、省略も可能であるが、図１のように外気側または図示しないが内側に設ける方が、外部からの熱の影響をより少なくするという点で良好である。また断熱材の仕様は限定されるものではないが、例えばポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ウレタンなどの合成樹脂発泡断熱材、グラスウール、ロックウールなどの繊維系断熱材などが用いられる。
【００２０】
また建物の気密性能は、開閉可能な床下換気口１３，外皮開口部１６および図示しない窓などを閉鎖した状態で、隙間相当面積（Ｃ値）が５ｃｍ^２／ｍ^２以下、望ましくは２ｃｍ^２／ｍ^２以下、さらに望ましくは１ｃｍ^２／ｍ^２以下が好ましく、そのためには外壁、屋根、開口部周りの隙間を、例えばポリエチレンシートや粘着テープ、合板などの気密材で処理して機密性能を確保することが出来る。
【００２１】
床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６は、閉鎖時には冬季の低温外気が容易に侵入しない断熱性と気密性を有することが好ましく、気密等級はＡ−２等級（ＪＩＳＡ４７０６−１９９６）と同等以上、好ましくはＡ−４等級と同等以上の性能を満たすことが好ましい。
【００２２】
本発明の第１の実施例では、前記の床下換気口１３または外皮開口部１６またはその両方を、建物内外の温度条件に応じてきめ細かく開閉させることにより、屋内の冷気を床下換気口１３から外部に流出させない様に自動開閉とするものである。より具体的には、屋外温度（外気温度）が高い中間季から夏季等の状況に於いて、中空層３の内部で温度差による上方への通気が得られない温度条件の場合、例えば、居住空間が冷房により冷却されている場合、冷気が内装材を通して伝熱されて、中空層３の内部を気流が下降し、床下付近の冷気が床下換気口１３から外部に流出する場合がある。そのような場合でも外気と連通する外皮開口部１６から熱気が侵入して中空層３の温度が高くならないように床下換気口１３または外皮開口部１６を自動開閉させることを可能としている。
【００２３】
このように床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６を自動開閉とするためには、自動開閉に適した態様とするのが好ましい。以下床下換気口１３を自動開閉とした場合を例に説明する。
【００２４】
自動開閉可能な床下換気口１３としては、図６Ａ、図６Ｂに示すような、外形筒状であって、閉鎖弁４１と気密材４２とが接した状態で閉鎖でき、これにより筒の開口部分を開閉できるものが例示できる。なお自動開閉する床下換気口１３は、自動開閉手段３３を有しており、この自動開閉手段３３は、図７Ｂに示すように、開閉弁４１を回転させる電動モーター、電磁弁またはバネなどの駆動装置を含む構成が採用でき、後述の制御手段３０によって開閉制御できる。さらに図７Ａ，図７Ｂに示す態様の場合においては、開閉弁４１が軸部４３とともに回転して閉鎖可能なように、自動開閉手段３３は電動モーターなどの駆動装置を含む構成となっている。なおこの自動開閉手段３３は、電動モーターなどの駆動装置を一体に組み込まず、自動外皮開口部１３から離れた電動モーターを用いて、ワイヤーなどで開閉弁の軸を回転させるなどして、複数の床下換気口１３の自動開閉を行うことも可能である。なお自動開閉手段３３は、本実施例のような電動によらず、空気圧を利用した駆動装置でもよく、自動開閉の制御が可能なものであれば、本実施例に限定されるものではない。
【００２５】
また図８Ａおよび図８Ｂおよび図９に示すように、床下換気口１３の内側または外側に、断熱気密性を有する手動開閉扉４４を設けても良い。この場合は、冬季に手動開閉扉４４を閉め、その他の季節は手動開閉扉４４を開放し、図８Ａのように外気を取り込む時間には床下換気口１３を自動開放し、屋内の冷気流出を防止する場合には図８Ｂのように床下換気口１３を自動閉鎖する。なおこの場合、床下換気口１３は前記したような高い断熱性能や場合によっては前記したような高い気密性能を有していなくても良い。
【００２６】
なお自動開閉とする床下換気口の形態として説明したが、外皮開口部１６を自動開閉とする場合は、床下換気口と同様の形態とすればよい。
【００２７】
そして、このような床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６の自動開閉を行うために、前記自動開閉手段に開閉の信号を送る制御手段３０を設ければよい。制御手段３０は、外気が内部空間温度よりも高く、中空層３の内部に下方への通気が発生する場合を判断して、自動開閉手段によって床下換気口１３および又は外皮開口部１６を閉鎖する機能を有している。例えば、制御手段３０は、例えば温度センサーによって外気および内部空間温度を検知することによって、設定した建物内外の温度条件に応じて判定を行い、開閉信号を発生させるマイクロプロセッサーが組み込まれた装置であって、その他、制御の主電源スイッチ、温度などの設定値入力および自動開閉手段への信号の出力などの入出力機能、運転状況を表示する表示機能等、制御の種類によって適宜組合わせた機能を含む装置が例示できる。また屋外温度や内部空間温度の検知とせず、同等の条件による判定を行うものとしてもよく、例えば内部空間温度を冷房設定温度など任意に設定した温度として、外気温度だけを温度センサーで検知し、これらを内外温度差として判定し、開閉制御してもよい。さらには中空層３の内部に下方への通気が発生するのが外気温度が高くなる日中であることが多いが、下方への通気が発生しやすい時刻によって判定を行う方法などが例示できる。
【００２８】
このような制御手段３０と自動開閉手段３３を含む床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６とを、図１に示す建物に適用することで、外気が内部空間の温度よりも高いときに生じていた、中空層３内部の下方への空気流による床下換気口１３から屋外への冷気流出や上層の外皮開口部からの熱気の侵入を防止することが可能となり、中空層内の上下に自然な温度分布が形成されて、中空層から屋外への排熱を行う上方への通気効果を効率的に得ることが可能となる。
なお制御手段３０の設置場所は、図１に示されているように最上階居住空間のもっとも高い場所に必ず設置することを示すものではなく、制御の主電源や温度設定入力などの操作がしやすい場所に設置する事が出来る。
【００２９】
さらに本発明の第１の実施例では、図２に示すように、中空層３の空気を外気に排出する排気ファン１７を外皮開口部１６に併設し、制御手段３０により、排気ファン１７の風量調節と床下換気口１３の自動開閉とを連動させてもよい。
図２は排気ファン１７を運転状態として、床下換気口１３と外皮開口部１６とを開放して、中空層３の内部を上方に通気している状態を示している。これにより、床下換気口１３が開放している時に、中空層３の内部に上方への安定した通気が確保できる。外気が内部空間温度よりも高い時には、図３に示すように、制御手段３０により、床下換気口１３を閉鎖し、また排気ファン１７の排気を停止することで、床下換気口１３から暑い外気が取り込まれるのを防ぐことができる。この時ファンは停止しているので、中空層３の内部には自然な気流が生じるが、床下換気口１３が閉鎖されているので、外皮開口部１６は開放のままでも、熱気が進入下降することは防止することが可能であり、外皮開口部１６を自動閉鎖としなくてもよい。
【００３０】
さらに本発明の第１の実施例では、図４に示すように、床下換気口１３ではなく、外皮開口部１６と外皮開口部１６に併設した排気ファン１７とを、制御手段３０により制御してもよい。図４は排気ファン１７を停止し、外皮開口部１６を閉とした状態を示している。外気が内部空間温度よりも高い時に、制御手段３０により排気ファン１７の排気を停止し、外皮開口部１６も閉鎖すると、外皮開口部１６は閉鎖時に前述の冬季の気密性を有していることから、外皮開口部１６の閉鎖時には外気が侵入せず、また、建物全体が前記した気密性能を有しておれば、排気ファン１７が停止状態であっても中空層３内部の空気が全体的に下降することを防ぐことができる。また、この場合の床下換気口１３は開放のままであってもよいが、風圧による風の吹き抜けが多い気象条件の地域では、床下換気口１３に逆止弁を設け、風の吹き抜けを防止するか、または閉鎖しておくことが好ましい。なお中空層３の気密性能が十分であれば床下換気口１３を開放しておいても中空層３内部の空気が全体的に下降することを防止出来るが、気密性能が前記を満足しない等、問題がある場合には、空気下降の防止は難しく図２に示す様に床下換気口１３を閉としておくことが必要である。建物全体あるいは中空層が前記した気密性能を有していても、より確実に空気の下降や床下換気口からの排出を防止するためには床下換気口１３を閉鎖しておくことが好ましい。
【００３１】
なお、図３および図４に示すように、外皮開口部１６および排気ファン１７は各１ヶづつ、１組とした例としているが、排気風量を多くする場合など、必要に応じて複数組を設けても良い。また、排気ファン１７を外皮開口部１６に併設する方法としては、排気ファン１７を外皮開口部の居住空間側または室外側（居住空間とは反対側）としてもよく、例えば登実第３０４１９１８号、特開２００１−２９６０４５などのような形態が例示できる。さらに外皮開口部１６および排気ファン１７は、制御手段３０によって、夫々、直接制御してもよいが、外皮開口部１６と排気ファン１７との動作を連動させ、制御手段３０とは、どちらか一方を接続し、制御してもよい。
【００３２】
さらに排気ファン１７を併設した上記実施例においては、中空層上部に温度センサーを設けて中空層上部の温度を測定し、その温度の状況によって（例えば、設定温度より高くなった場合等）外皮開口部１６を開放し、上部の中空層３の高い温度の空気を排出させて中空層３の温度を低下させる制御を加えても良い。これにより、温度が比較的高い中空層の上部から徐々に排熱を行うことが可能となり、効率的であり好ましい。
【００３３】
次に本発明の第２の実施例について説明する。図５は本発明で特徴的な中間季から夏季の状態を示している。本発明では、建物内の上部の中空層３と外気とを連通する外皮開口部１６と、この外皮開口部１６に併設され、中空層３の空気を外気に排出する排気ファン１７と、床下換気口１３が設けられた建物であって、制御手段３０により、排気ファンの風量を自動調節可能としている。この場合の制御手段３０は、外気が内部空間温度よりも高く、中空層３の内部に下方への通気が発生する時を判断して排気ファン１７の風量を調節する信号を送る機能を有している。例えば、制御手段３０は、例えば温度センサーによって外気および建物内の温度を検知することによって、設定した建物内外の温度条件に応じて判定を行い、風量調節の信号を発生させるマイクロプロセッサーが組み込まれた装置であって、その他、制御の主電源スイッチ、温度などの設定値入力および自動開閉手段への信号の出力などの入出力機能、運転状況を表示する表示機能等、制御の種類によって適宜組合わせた機能を含む装置が例示できる。また屋外温度や内部空間温度の検知とせず、同等の条件による判定を行うものとしてもよく、例えば内部空間温度を冷房温度など任意に設定した温度として、外気温度だけを温度センサーで検知し、これらを内外温度差として判定し、風量を制御してもよい。さらには中空層３の内部に下方への通気が発生するのが外気温度が高くなる日中であることが多いことから、下方への通気が発生しやすい時刻によって判定を行う方法などが例示できる。
【００３４】
図５では、外皮開口部１６および排気ファン１７は各１ヶづつ、１組とした例としているが、排気風量を多くする場合など、必要に応じて複数組を設けても良い。このように排気ファン１７を外皮開口部１６に併設することで、屋外温度が内部空間温度よりも高い場合でも中空層３の内部に、上方への安定した通気が確保でき、外気が内部空間の温度よりも高いときに生じていた、中空層３内部の下方への空気流に伴なう、床下換気口１３からの冷気流出を防ぐことができる。なお屋外温度が内部空間温度よりも高い場合の建物内外の圧力差は１０Ｐａよりも小さいのが普通であり、この小さな圧力差を打ち消す程度まで、排気ファン１７の風量を少なくするよう調整することが好ましい。さらに中空層３の空気が全体的に下降してしまう時は、内部空間よりも高温の外気を取り込む恐れがある時でもあり、排気ファン１７の風量を少なくすることで床下換気口１３から無駄な外気を取り込むことを防ぐことができる。また排気ファン１７を運転していても、床下換気口１３から外皮開口部１６に中空層３の空気が抜ける空気の流れとなっているので、中空層３の高さ方向に自然な温度分布が形成される。
【００３５】
このように排気ファン１７の風量調節を行うことで、床下換気口１３からの冷気の流出、上部の外皮開口部１６からの熱気の侵入を防ぐことが可能となる。この場合、床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６は開放の状態でよく、手動開閉の機能があればよい。もちろん制御手段３０により床下換気口１３、自動外皮開口部１６を自動開閉とすることでより確実に空気の流れを制御出来る。
【００３６】
以上、本発明による建物について説明したが、いずれも冬季は自動または手動により床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６を閉鎖とし、排気ファンは運転を停止し、中空層３を含む建物内の保温性を高めるのが好ましい。
【００３７】
本発明による通気制御方法は、上記のような建物に用いた方法である。
【００３８】
すなわちコンクリート基礎２０と、外装材２３、２５と内装材２６との間に張り巡らした断熱材２２、２４とによって外気と区画され、その内部には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間２と、この居住空間２以外の部分からなる床下、小屋裏および内装壁内などの中空層３を有した住宅であって、中空層３は開閉可能な床下換気口１３および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部１６によって外気と連通可能となっている。
【００３９】
すなわち、本願の通気制御方法および装置とは、自動開閉手段と、自動開閉手段を制御する制御手段とを用い、床下換気口および外皮開口部の少なくともいずれか一方を自動開閉する方法および装置である。
中間季から夏季の時期の外気温度が内部空間温度よりも高い条件時には、床下換気口および外皮開口部の少なくともいずれか一方を自動で閉鎖するようにする方法および装置を示すことが出来る。
【００４０】
この制御手段３０による通気制御方法は、建物内外の温度差によって、中空層３の内部に上方への通気が発生する温度条件である、外気温度が内部空間温度よりも低い時に自動で床下換気口１３、外皮開口部１６を開放するようにする。一方、外気温度が内部空間温度よりも高い時には、中空層３内部の下方への通気、つまり床下換気口１３から冷気が流出する条件時には、床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６の少なくともいずれか一方を自動で閉鎖するようにする。これにより、中空層３内は、上方への通気のみを得ることができる。なお外皮開口部１６のみを閉鎖する場合でも、床下換気口１３よりも上方に形成されている外皮開口部１６が閉鎖され、外気導入がおこなわれないので、建物内外温度差による中空層３内部の下方への通気を防止することができる。この場合、建物全体の気密性能が前記した性能を有していることが好ましく、前記以下の性能である場合には床下換気口を閉めておくことが好ましい。すなわち、本願の通気制御方法とは屋外温度が内部空間温度に比べて高い時に、該中空層内の空気が床下換気口から屋外に流出ことを防ぐことができる方法であり、通気制御装置とは上記の制御を行うことができる装置である。
【００４１】
本発明において、別の通気制御方法および通気制御を行うことができる装置は、外皮開口部１６に排気ファン１７を併設し、建物内外の温度差によって発生する中空層３の内部の通気状態によって排気ファンの風量を変化させて行う方法および装置である。
【００４２】
すなわち、コンクリート基礎２０と、外装材２３、２５と内装材２６との間に張り巡らした断熱材２２、２４とによって外気と区画され、その内部には、内装材で囲まれた居住空間２と、この居住空間２以外の部分からなる床下、小屋裏および内装壁内などの中空層３を有した建物であって、中空層３は開閉可能な床下換気口１３および該床下換気口よりも上部に形成した開閉可能な外皮開口部１６によって外気と連通可能とし、この外皮開口部１６には制御手段３０によって風量調節が可能である排気ファン１７が併設されている。すなわち外気開口部の接続された排気ファンの風量を変化させることにより建物内外温度差による圧力差によって、中空層３の内部に下方への通気が発生する時に、この通気を打ち消す程度の圧力を排気ファン１７により発生させ、床下換気口１３から中空層３の空気が少なくとも流出せず、かつ多量に外気が流入しない様に調節することができる装置および方法である。
これにより、中空層３の内部に上方への通気のみを得ることができ、床下換気口１３から屋外への低温の空気流出防止かつ高温外気の多量な取り込みを防止することが可能となる。
【００４３】
本願の内部空間温度とは、内部空間全体の平均的な温度のことであるが、居住空間を冷房すると中空層に下降気流がより生じやすい条件になるので、居住空間の温度または居住空間周辺の上下方向に連なる中空層部分の温度を測定することでもよく好ましい。また、前記したように任意に設定した温度としても良い。
【００４４】
以上、通気制御装置付き建物および通気制御方法について、本発明に特徴的な中間季から夏季の状態のみを、実施例にもとづき説明したが、冬季については、居住空間温度が外気温度よりも高いが、暖気の保持を目的とすることから、床下換気口１３および外皮開口部１６は閉鎖し、排気ファン１７は停止して使用する。
【００４５】
なお、図１０は従来の通気住宅において床下換気口及び外皮開口部が開いている場合を示している。内部空間温度（屋内温度）が高い場合は（図中波線矢印）、中空層の空気は温度の高い居住空間２の内装材により暖められて上昇し、外気温度（屋外温度）が高い場合は（図中実線矢印）、冷房された居住空間２の内装材により冷やされて下降している場合を示している。
【００４６】
【発明の効果】
建物内外の温度差による中空層内の通気を制御手段によって制御することで、建物内の排熱を目的とした建物上方への通気を効果的に得ることができる。また屋外が内部空間の温度よりも高いときに生じていた、中空層の下方への空気流による床下換気口から屋外への低温空気の流出を防止することができ、また外皮開口部および床下換気口からの高温の外気侵入を防止することが可能となり、夏季のように外気温度が高い場合、特に快適と感じる温度より外気温度が高い場合の居住空間の熱環境と省エネルギーの効果を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による第１の実施形態を示す建物の断面図である。
【図２】同実施形態の建物に、排気ファンを設け、排気ファンが動作している場合の通気の流れを模式的に示した説明図である。
【図３】同実施形態の建物に、排気ファンを設け、排気ファンを停止させた時の建物の形態を模式的に示した説明図である。
【図４】同実施形態の建物に、排気ファンを設け、排気ファンが停止させた時の建物の別の形態を模式的に示した説明図である。
【図５】本発明による第２の実施形態を示す建物の断面図である。
【図６】図６Ａ：床下換気口の実施形態の正面図である。
図６Ｂ：床下換気口の実施形態の横断面図である。
【図７】図７Ａ：床下換気口の別の実施形態による正面図である。
図７Ｂ：床下換気口の別の実施形態による横断面図である。
【図８】図８Ａ：床下換気口のまた別の実施形態による横断面図で、床下換気口を開放した状態を示す。
図８Ｂ：床下換気口のまた別の実施形態による横断面図で、床下換気口を閉鎖した状態を示す。
【図９】床下換気口のさらに別の実施形態による横断面図で、床下換気口を閉鎖した状態を示す。
【図１０】従来の建物を示す建物の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１建物本体
２居住空間
３中空層
１３床下換気口
１６外皮開口部
２０コンクリート基礎
２１、２２、２４断熱材
２３、２５外装材
２６内装材
３０制御手段
３３自動開閉手段
４１開閉弁
４２気密材
４４手動開閉扉[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building capable of optimally controlling ventilation due to a temperature difference between inside and outside in a hollow layer inside the building and a control method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the summer of a house where the heat insulation in the living space has been enhanced by insulation and airtightness, the heat of the living space continues to be higher than the outside air temperature, especially due to the solar radiation from the opening of the sun. It is known that it is easy to become. As a building that solves this problem, outside air is introduced from the underfloor ventilation vents, cooled once by the cold heat under the floor, and then transferred to the upper part of the building through the in-wall ventilation layer formed inside the heat-insulating wall, and the hut is cooled. Many so-called in-wall ventilation houses that discharge air from a back ventilation opening are known (for example, see Patent Document 1). In a so-called ventilated house, where the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building ventilates the inside of the wall and the living space, not only the outside air temperature, but also the living space temperature depends on the use of air conditioners, the sunshading of openings and the shade of neighboring buildings. The living space temperature is changing from time to time, and the amount of ventilation that is obtained and the temperature of the outside air that is taken in are also changing.
[0003]
Furthermore, in such a wall-ventilated house, a ventilation fan is installed in the back of the cabin for the purpose of promoting the introduction of low-temperature outside air under the floor and the introduction of cold under-floor air to the ventilation layer. There is also known one in which the amount is secured stably (for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 3).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-10-46694 (FIG. 1)
[0005]
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 06-4209 (FIG. 1)
[0006]
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 06-28534 (FIG. 3)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, especially when the outside air is higher than the temperature in the building in summer, a temperature difference ventilation cannot be obtained above the building, and hot air enters through the opening at the top of the building and the hot air in the upper part is cooled at a relatively low temperature. May descend to the floor. In that case, if there is effective cold air under the floor and inside the building, it will flow out from the underfloor ventilation port to the outside.
In the case of forced ventilation by a fan, it is not determined whether the outside air to be taken is effective for the temperature inside the building.In that case, the outside air higher than the indoor temperature is taken in, and the cool air under the floor is removed. It cannot be said that it is being used effectively without waste. Furthermore, even in the example where the intake of outside air is controlled by a temperature sensor, when the outside air is not taken in, the inside of the building is forcibly homogenized by stirring the inside with a fan to make the temperature inside the building relatively high. Is forced to mix the low-temperature air with the low-temperature lower-air, which raises the lower-floor temperature.This also means that intermittent air-conditioning, which temporarily cools some rooms, In such a case, the heat load of the non-air-conditioned room is further increased, and there is a problem that it is not suitable for a building such as a house where the entire building is not continuously cooled.
[0008]
In view of the above problems, in the present invention, by a simple method, while suppressing the flow of cool air to the outside from the underfloor ventilation port due to the airflow downward in the wall, and preventing the inflow of hot air from the top of the building, the present invention The present invention provides a building and a ventilation control method capable of forming an excellent thermal environment of a living space (indoor) due to a more natural temperature distribution in a building in the summer and achieving an energy saving effect.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a building with a ventilation control device and a ventilation control method having the following configurations.
[0010]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer comprising a portion other than the above-mentioned portion, wherein the hollow layer can communicate with the outside air by an openable / closable underfloor ventilation opening and an openable / closable skin opening formed above the underfloor ventilation opening. And a ventilation control device provided with a ventilation control device for preventing air in the hollow layer from flowing out of the underfloor ventilation port when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature.
[0011]
The ventilation control device comprises at least control means and automatic opening / closing means for automatically opening / closing the outer skin opening and / or the underfloor ventilation opening. When the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the underfloor ventilation opening is provided. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the outer skin opening and the outer skin opening is closed by the ventilation control device.
[0012]
The ventilation control device includes at least a control unit and an exhaust fan connected to the outer skin opening, and when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the outdoor temperature becomes equal to the internal space temperature. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the air flow of the exhaust fan can be adjusted to be smaller than when the air flow is low compared to when the building is low (Claim 3). 3.
[0013]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer comprising a portion other than the above-mentioned portion, wherein the hollow layer can communicate with the outside air by an openable / closable underfloor ventilation opening and an openable / closable skin opening formed above the underfloor ventilation opening. A ventilation control method comprising closing at least one of the underfloor ventilation port and the outer skin opening when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature (claim 4).
[0014]
It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer comprising a portion other than the above-mentioned portion, wherein the hollow layer can communicate with the outside air by an openable / closable underfloor ventilation opening and an openable / closable skin opening formed above the underfloor ventilation opening. The air volume of the exhaust fan connected to the outer skin opening is adjusted so that when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the air volume is smaller than when the outdoor temperature is lower than the internal space temperature. A ventilation control method characterized by the following (Claim 5).
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a section of a building with a ventilation control device according to the present invention. In addition, the state from the middle season to the summer season, which is a characteristic of the present invention, is shown, in which the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are opened, and the air inside the hollow layer 3 is ventilated. .
[0016]
FIG. 1 showing the first embodiment of the present invention is separated from the outside air by a concrete foundation 20 and heat insulating materials 22 and 24 stretched between exterior materials 23 and 25 and interior materials 26, and inside the interior. Has a living space 2 surrounded by an interior material 26, and a hollow layer 3 formed of a portion other than the living space, and has an underfloor ventilation opening 13, a heat insulating material 22, which penetrates a heat insulating material 21 and the concrete foundation 20. A continuous outer ventilation layer and an outer skin opening 16 penetrating the heat insulating material 22 and the outer material 23 or the heat insulating material 24 and the outer material 25 are provided between the outer material 24 and the outer materials 23 and 25. The outer skin opening 16 is preferably formed as far as possible from the underfloor ventilation port 13 in the height direction so as to easily generate a temperature difference ventilation upward when the underfloor ventilation port 13 is opened. In 1, it is formed in a hollow layer above the ceiling of the living space 2 on the top floor.
[0017]
When the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are open as shown in FIG. 1, the hollow layer 3 can be in a state where it can communicate with the outside air. Further, a continuous outer ventilation layer is provided between the heat insulating materials 22 and 24 and the exterior materials 23 and 25, and the lower end (near the upper end of the foundation) and the upper end (ridge), and in some cases, the eaves portion Alternatively, openings are provided in other places, so that the outside air can always be circulated. Although not shown, it is preferable that the interior of the living space 2 can be ventilated with the outside air separately from the hollow layer 3 by a ventilating device, and it is more preferable that the interior can be constantly ventilated. More preferably, it has a heat exchange function.
[0018]
The air in the hollow layer 3 and the air in the outer ventilation layer do not substantially cross each other. Note that the outer skin opening 16 can be provided, for example, in the ridge portion of the heat insulating material 24 in FIG. 1 so as to face the outer ventilation layer. In this case, the air discharged from the outer skin opening 16 is also applied to the ridge portion. The air can be discharged outside from the opening of the provided outer ventilation layer so that the hollow layer 3 does not substantially cross the air of the outside ventilation layer.
[0019]
The above-mentioned heat insulating material is preferable in that the outer layer construction method in which the hollow layer 3 is located outside the structures such as columns, beams, and load-bearing plywood can easily secure the hollow layer 3. As long as the thickness of the heat insulating material can be ensured, a filled heat insulating method located inside the structure may be used. Although the heat insulating material 21 of the concrete foundation 20 can be omitted, it is preferable to provide the heat insulating material 21 on the outside air side or inside as shown in FIG. 1 in that the influence of heat from the outside is further reduced. is there. Although the specification of the heat insulating material is not limited, for example, a synthetic resin foam heat insulating material such as polystyrene, polyethylene and urethane, and a fiber heat insulating material such as glass wool and rock wool are used.
[0020]
The airtightness of the building is such that the space equivalent to the gap (C value) is 5 cm with the underfloor ventilator 13 that can be opened and closed, the outer skin opening 16, and windows (not shown) closed. ² / M ² Below, preferably 2cm ² / M ² Below, more preferably 1 cm ² / M ² The following is preferable. For this purpose, the clearance around the outer wall, the roof, and the opening can be treated with an airtight material such as a polyethylene sheet, an adhesive tape, or plywood to secure the confidential performance.
[0021]
It is preferable that the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 have heat insulation and airtightness so that the low-temperature outside air in winter does not easily enter when closed, and the airtightness is equal to or higher than A-2 (JIS A4706-1996). It is preferable to satisfy performance equal to or higher than A-4 grade.
[0022]
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the under-floor ventilation opening 13 and / or the outer skin opening 16 or both are finely opened and closed according to the temperature conditions inside and outside the building, so that indoor cold air can be externally transmitted from the under-floor ventilation opening 13. Automatic opening and closing so that it does not flow out. More specifically, in a condition such as mid-season to summer, where the outdoor temperature (outside air temperature) is high, the temperature cannot be increased due to a temperature difference inside the hollow layer 3 in the hollow layer 3. When the space is cooled by cooling, the cool air is transmitted through the interior material, the airflow descends inside the hollow layer 3, and the cool air near the floor may flow out from the underfloor ventilation port 13 to the outside. Even in such a case, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 or the outer skin opening 16 can be automatically opened and closed so that hot air does not enter from the outer skin opening 16 communicating with the outside air and the temperature of the hollow layer 3 is increased.
[0023]
In order to automatically open and close the underfloor vent 13 and the outer skin opening 16 in this manner, it is preferable to adopt a mode suitable for automatic opening and closing. Hereinafter, an example in which the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is automatically opened and closed will be described.
[0024]
The underfloor vent 13 which can be automatically opened and closed has a tubular shape as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B and can be closed in a state where the closing valve 41 and the airtight material 42 are in contact with each other. Can be opened and closed. The underfloor ventilation opening 13 that opens and closes automatically has automatic opening and closing means 33. As shown in FIG. 7B, the automatic opening and closing means 33 drives an electric motor for rotating the opening and closing valve 41, a solenoid valve or a spring. A configuration including a device can be adopted, and opening and closing can be controlled by the control means 30 described later. 7A and 7B, the automatic opening / closing means 33 is configured to include a driving device such as an electric motor so that the opening / closing valve 41 can rotate and close together with the shaft portion 43. The automatic opening / closing means 33 does not integrally incorporate a driving device such as an electric motor, but uses an electric motor separated from the automatic outer skin opening 13 to rotate a shaft of an opening / closing valve with a wire or the like. It is also possible to automatically open and close the underfloor vent 13. The automatic opening / closing means 33 may be a driving device using air pressure instead of electric power as in the present embodiment, and is not limited to the present embodiment as long as it can control automatic opening and closing.
[0025]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 9, a manual opening / closing door 44 having an adiabatic airtightness may be provided inside or outside the underfloor ventilation port 13. In this case, the manual open / close door 44 is closed in winter, the manual open / close door 44 is opened in other seasons, and the underfloor ventilation port 13 is automatically opened at the time of taking in outside air as shown in FIG. To prevent this, the underfloor vent 13 is automatically closed as shown in FIG. 8B. In this case, the underfloor ventilation port 13 may not have the above-described high heat insulating performance or the above-described high airtight performance in some cases.
[0026]
Although the underfloor ventilation opening has been described as a form of automatic opening and closing, in the case where the skin opening 16 is automatically opened and closed, the same configuration as the underfloor ventilation opening may be adopted.
[0027]
Then, in order to automatically open and close the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 as described above, a control means 30 for sending an open / close signal to the automatic opening / closing means may be provided. The control means 30 determines that the outside air is higher than the internal space temperature and the downward ventilation is generated inside the hollow layer 3 and closes the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and / or the outer skin opening 16 by the automatic opening / closing means. Has a function. For example, the control means 30 is a device in which a microprocessor for detecting the outside air and the internal space temperature by a temperature sensor, making a determination in accordance with the set temperature conditions inside and outside the building, and generating an open / close signal is provided. In addition, other functions appropriately combined depending on the type of control, such as a main power switch for control, input / output functions such as input of set values such as temperature and output of a signal to the automatic opening / closing means, and a display function for displaying an operation status. An example of such a device is as follows. Also, instead of detecting the outdoor temperature or the internal space temperature, it may be determined under the same conditions, for example, as the temperature of the internal space is set arbitrarily such as a cooling set temperature, only the outside air temperature is detected by the temperature sensor, These may be determined as the inside / outside temperature difference, and the opening / closing control may be performed. Further, the downward ventilation inside the hollow layer 3 often occurs during the daytime when the outside air temperature is high, but a method in which the determination is made based on the time at which downward ventilation is likely to occur can be exemplified.
[0028]
By applying such a control means 30 and the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 including the automatic opening / closing means 33 to the building shown in FIG. 1, this has occurred when the outside air is higher than the temperature of the internal space. It is possible to prevent the cool air from flowing out from the underfloor ventilation opening 13 to the outside and the intrusion of hot air from the upper skin opening due to the downward airflow inside the hollow layer 3, and the natural temperature above and below the hollow layer 3 The distribution is formed, and it is possible to efficiently obtain the upward ventilation effect of discharging heat from the hollow layer to the outdoors.
The installation location of the control means 30 does not indicate that the control means 30 is always installed at the highest place of the living space on the top floor as shown in FIG. It can be installed in an easy place.
[0029]
Further, in the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, an exhaust fan 17 for discharging the air in the hollow layer 3 to the outside air is provided in the outer skin opening 16 and the air volume of the exhaust fan 17 is controlled by the control means 30. The adjustment and the automatic opening and closing of the underfloor vent 13 may be linked.
FIG. 2 shows a state in which the exhaust fan 17 is operated, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are opened, and the inside of the hollow layer 3 is ventilated upward. Thereby, when the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is open, stable upward ventilation can be ensured inside the hollow layer 3. When the outside air is higher than the internal space temperature, as shown in FIG. 3, the control means 30 closes the underfloor ventilation port 13 and stops the exhaust of the exhaust fan 17, so that hot outside air flows from the underfloor ventilation port 13. It can be prevented from being taken in. At this time, since the fan is stopped, a natural airflow is generated inside the hollow layer 3. However, since the underfloor ventilation port 13 is closed, the hot air enters and descends even if the outer skin opening 16 is left open. This can be prevented, and the skin opening 16 does not have to be automatically closed.
[0030]
Further, in the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the control means 30 controls not the underfloor ventilation port 13 but the outer skin opening 16 and the exhaust fan 17 provided alongside the outer skin opening 16. Is also good. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the exhaust fan 17 is stopped and the outer skin opening 16 is closed. When the outside air is higher than the internal space temperature, the exhaust of the exhaust fan 17 is stopped by the control means 30 and the outer skin opening 16 is closed. When the outer skin opening 16 is closed, the outer skin opening 16 has the above-mentioned winter airtightness. Therefore, when the outer skin opening 16 is closed, the outside air does not enter, and if the entire building has the above-described airtightness, the air inside the hollow layer 3 is totally removed even when the exhaust fan 17 is stopped. Can be prevented from falling. In this case, the underfloor ventilation port 13 may be left open. However, in an area under weather conditions in which wind blow-through due to wind pressure is large, a check valve is provided in the underfloor ventilation port 13 to prevent wind blow-through. Preferably, or closed. If the airtightness of the hollow layer 3 is sufficient, the air inside the hollow layer 3 can be prevented from entirely lowering even if the underfloor ventilation opening 13 is opened, but the airtightness does not satisfy the above. When there is a problem, it is difficult to prevent the air from descending, and it is necessary to close the underfloor vent 13 as shown in FIG. Even if the whole building or the hollow layer has the above-mentioned airtightness, it is preferable to close the underfloor ventilation port 13 in order to more reliably prevent the air from lowering and being discharged from the underfloor ventilation port.
[0031]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the outer skin opening 16 and the exhaust fan 17 are one set each, but a plurality of sets may be provided as necessary, for example, when the exhaust air volume is increased. It may be provided. In addition, as a method of attaching the exhaust fan 17 to the outer skin opening 16, the exhaust fan 17 may be provided on the living space side of the outer skin opening or on the outdoor side (opposite to the living space). Examples such as JP-A-2001-296045 can be exemplified. Further, the outer skin opening 16 and the exhaust fan 17 may be directly controlled by the control means 30, respectively, but the operation of the outer skin opening 16 and the exhaust fan 17 are linked, and one of the control means 30 and the other is controlled. May be connected and controlled.
[0032]
Further, in the above embodiment provided with the exhaust fan 17, a temperature sensor is provided on the upper portion of the hollow layer to measure the temperature of the upper portion of the hollow layer, and depending on the temperature condition (for example, when the temperature becomes higher than the set temperature, etc.), It is also possible to add a control in which the portion 16 is opened and the high-temperature air in the upper hollow layer 3 is discharged to lower the temperature of the hollow layer 3. This makes it possible to gradually exhaust heat from the upper portion of the hollow layer having a relatively high temperature, which is efficient and preferable.
[0033]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 shows a state from the middle season to the summer season, which is characteristic of the present invention. According to the present invention, a skin opening 16 communicating the upper hollow layer 3 in the building with the outside air, an exhaust fan 17 provided adjacent to the skin opening 16 and discharging the air in the hollow layer 3 to the outside air, and under-floor ventilation The building is provided with the opening 13, and the control means 30 can automatically adjust the air volume of the exhaust fan. In this case, the control means 30 has a function of determining a time when the outside air is higher than the internal space temperature and generating a downward ventilation inside the hollow layer 3 and sending a signal for adjusting the air volume of the exhaust fan 17. ing. For example, the control means 30 has a built-in microprocessor for detecting the outside air and the temperature inside the building by, for example, a temperature sensor, making a determination according to the set temperature conditions inside and outside the building, and generating a signal for adjusting the air volume. Apparatus, and other appropriate combinations depending on the type of control, such as a main power switch for control, input / output functions such as input of set values such as temperature and output of signals to automatic opening / closing means, and display functions for displaying operation status. An apparatus including the functions described above can be exemplified. In addition, instead of detecting the outdoor temperature or the internal space temperature, it may be determined based on the same conditions, for example, as the internal space temperature is set arbitrarily such as a cooling temperature, only the outside air temperature is detected by a temperature sensor, and May be determined as the inside / outside temperature difference, and the air volume may be controlled. Further, since downward airflow occurs inside the hollow layer 3 during the daytime when the outside air temperature is high, a method of making a determination based on the time at which downward airflow is likely to occur can be exemplified. .
[0034]
Although FIG. 5 shows an example in which the skin opening 16 and the exhaust fan 17 are each one set, one set may be provided as necessary, for example, when the exhaust air volume is increased. By providing the exhaust fan 17 in the outer skin opening 16 in this manner, even when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, a stable upward ventilation can be ensured inside the hollow layer 3, and the external air can be supplied to the internal space. It is possible to prevent the outflow of cool air from the underfloor ventilation opening 13 due to the downward airflow inside the hollow layer 3 that has occurred when the temperature is higher than the temperature. When the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building is usually smaller than 10 Pa, and it is possible to adjust the air flow of the exhaust fan 17 to be small enough to cancel the small pressure difference. preferable. Further, when the air in the hollow layer 3 is entirely lowered, there is also a risk that the hot air may be taken in from the internal space. It is possible to prevent intake of outside air. Even when the exhaust fan 17 is operated, since the air flows from the underfloor ventilation opening 13 to the outer skin opening 16 so that the air in the hollow layer 3 escapes, a natural temperature distribution in the height direction of the hollow layer 3 occurs. It is formed.
[0035]
By adjusting the air volume of the exhaust fan 17 in this manner, it is possible to prevent the outflow of cool air from the underfloor ventilation port 13 and the intrusion of hot air from the upper skin opening 16. In this case, the underfloor ventilation port 13 and the outer skin opening 16 may be in an open state, as long as they have a function of manual opening and closing. Of course, the air flow can be more reliably controlled by automatically opening and closing the underfloor ventilation port 13 and the automatic skin opening 16 by the control means 30.
[0036]
Although the building according to the present invention has been described above, in any case, the underfloor vent 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are automatically or manually closed in the winter season, the exhaust fan stops operating, and the heat insulation inside the building including the hollow layer 3 is stopped. Is preferably increased.
[0037]
The ventilation control method according to the present invention is a method used for a building as described above.
[0038]
That is, the outside air is defined by the concrete foundation 20, and the heat insulating materials 22 and 24 stretched between the exterior materials 23 and 25 and the interior material 26, and the living space 2 surrounded by the interior material is provided therein. A house having a hollow layer 3 such as under the floor, behind a hut, and inside an interior wall, which is a part other than the living space 2, wherein the hollow layer 3 is openable and closable under a ventilation opening 13 and above the under floor ventilation opening. The openable and closable outer skin opening 16 allows communication with the outside air.
[0039]
That is, the ventilation control method and device of the present application are a method and device for automatically opening and closing at least one of the underfloor ventilation opening and the outer skin opening using an automatic opening and closing unit and a control unit for controlling the automatic opening and closing unit. .
A method and apparatus for automatically closing at least one of the underfloor ventilation port and the outer skin opening when the outside air temperature is higher than the internal space temperature during the middle to summer seasons can be shown.
[0040]
The ventilation control method by the control means 30 is an underfloor ventilation port that is automatically operated when the outside air temperature is lower than the internal space temperature, which is a temperature condition in which upward air flows inside the hollow layer 3 due to a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building. 13. The outer skin opening 16 is opened. On the other hand, when the outside air temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the air flows downward inside the hollow layer 3, that is, when the cool air flows out from the underfloor vent 13, at least one of the underfloor vent 13 and the outer skin opening 16. To close automatically. Thereby, only the upward ventilation can be obtained in the hollow layer 3. Even when only the outer skin opening 16 is closed, the outer skin opening 16 formed above the underfloor ventilation port 13 is closed, and no outside air is introduced. Downward ventilation can be prevented. In this case, it is preferable that the airtightness of the entire building has the above-described performance, and if the performance is below the above, it is preferable to close the underfloor ventilation opening. That is, the ventilation control method of the present application is a method that can prevent the air in the hollow layer from flowing out from the underfloor ventilation port to the outside when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature. This is an apparatus capable of performing the above control.
[0041]
In the present invention, another ventilation control method and a device capable of performing ventilation control are provided with an exhaust fan 17 in the outer skin opening 16 and exhausted by the ventilation state inside the hollow layer 3 caused by a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building. It is a method and apparatus for changing the air flow of a fan.
[0042]
That is, the outside air is defined by the concrete foundation 20 and the heat insulating materials 22 and 24 stretched between the exterior materials 23 and 25 and the interior material 26, and the living space 2 surrounded by the interior material and A building having a hollow layer 3, such as under the floor, behind a hut, and inside an interior wall, which is a part other than the living space 2, wherein the hollow layer 3 is openable and closable under the floor ventilation opening 13 and above the under floor ventilation ventilation opening An openable and closable outer skin opening 16 is formed to allow communication with the outside air. The outer skin opening 16 is provided with an exhaust fan 17 that can adjust the air volume by a control means 30. That is, by changing the air volume of the exhaust fan connected to the outside air opening, a pressure difference due to a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building causes a pressure to the extent that cancels this airflow when a downward airflow occurs inside the hollow layer 3. This is an apparatus and method that can be generated by a fan 17 and adjusted so that at least the air in the hollow layer 3 does not flow out from the underfloor ventilation port 13 and a large amount of outside air does not flow in.
Thus, only upward ventilation can be obtained inside the hollow layer 3, and it is possible to prevent low-temperature air from flowing out from the underfloor ventilation port 13 to the outside and prevent a large amount of high-temperature outside air from being taken in.
[0043]
The internal space temperature of the present application refers to the average temperature of the entire internal space, but when the living space is cooled, the downdraft is more likely to occur in the hollow layer, so the temperature of the living space or around the living space It is also preferable to measure the temperature of the hollow layer portion connected vertically. Further, the temperature may be arbitrarily set as described above.
[0044]
As described above, the ventilation control device-equipped building and the ventilation control method have been described based on the embodiment only from the mid-season to the summer, which is characteristic of the present invention, but in winter, the living space temperature is higher than the outside air temperature. Since the purpose is to maintain warm air, the underfloor ventilation opening 13 and the outer skin opening 16 are closed, and the exhaust fan 17 is stopped and used.
[0045]
FIG. 10 shows a conventional ventilated house in which the underfloor ventilation opening and the outer skin opening are open. When the internal space temperature (indoor temperature) is high (broken line arrow in the figure), the air in the hollow layer is heated by the interior material of the high-temperature living space 2 and rises, and when the outside air temperature (outdoor temperature) is high, ( A solid line arrow in the figure) shows a case where the interior space of the living space 2 that has been cooled down is cooled down.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
By controlling the ventilation in the hollow layer by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building by the control means, it is possible to effectively obtain the ventilation above the building for the purpose of exhausting heat in the building. In addition, it is possible to prevent the low-temperature air from flowing out from the underfloor ventilation port to the outside due to the airflow below the hollow layer, which occurred when the temperature of the outside is higher than the temperature of the internal space, and also to provide the outer skin opening and underfloor ventilation. It is possible to prevent intrusion of high-temperature outside air from the mouth, and to improve the thermal environment and energy-saving effect of the living space when the outside air temperature is high, such as in summer, especially when the outside air temperature is higher than the temperature that is comfortable. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a building showing a first embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a flow of ventilation when an exhaust fan is provided in the building of the embodiment and the exhaust fan is operating.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a form of the building when an exhaust fan is provided in the building of the embodiment and the exhaust fan is stopped.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing another form of the building when an exhaust fan is provided in the building of the embodiment and the exhaust fan is stopped.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a building showing a second embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 6A is a front view of an embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 7A is a front view of another embodiment of an underfloor vent according to another embodiment.
FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view according to another embodiment of an underfloor vent.
FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an underfloor vent, with the underfloor vent open.
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the underfloor vent, with the underfloor vent closed.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of an underfloor vent, with the underfloor vent closed.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a building showing a conventional building.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Building body
2 Living space
3 hollow layer
13 Underfloor ventilation openings
16 Skin opening
20 Concrete foundation
21,22,24 Insulation material
23, 25 Exterior materials
26 Interior materials
30 control means
33 Automatic opening and closing means
41 On-off valve
42 airtight material
44 Manual door

Claims

It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer comprising a portion other than the above-mentioned portion, wherein the hollow layer can communicate with the outside air by an openable / closable underfloor ventilation opening and an openable / closable skin opening formed above the underfloor ventilation opening. And a ventilation control device provided with a ventilation control device for preventing air in the hollow layer from flowing out of the underfloor vent to the outside when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature.

The ventilation control device comprises at least control means and automatic opening / closing means for automatically opening / closing the outer skin opening and / or the underfloor ventilation opening. When the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the underfloor ventilation opening is provided. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the outer skin opening and the outer skin opening is closed by the ventilation control device.

The ventilation control device includes at least a control unit and an exhaust fan connected to the outer skin opening, and when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the outdoor temperature becomes equal to the internal space temperature. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the air flow of the exhaust fan can be adjusted to be smaller than when the air flow is low.

It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer comprising a portion other than the above-mentioned portion, wherein the hollow layer can communicate with the outside air by an openable / closable underfloor ventilation opening and an openable / closable skin opening formed above the underfloor ventilation opening. A ventilation control method comprising closing at least one of the underfloor ventilation port and the outer skin opening when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature.

It has an interior space partitioned from the outside air by a concrete foundation and a heat insulating material stretched between an exterior material and an interior material, and the interior space includes a living space surrounded by interior materials; A hollow layer comprising a portion other than the above-mentioned portion, wherein the hollow layer can communicate with the outside air by an openable / closable underfloor ventilation opening and an openable / closable skin opening formed above the underfloor ventilation opening. The air volume of the exhaust fan connected to the outer skin opening is adjusted so that when the outdoor temperature is higher than the internal space temperature, the air volume is smaller than when the outdoor temperature is lower than the internal space temperature. A ventilation control method.