JP2004316407A - Shield machine and tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shield machine capable of constructing a main tunnel having a specified cross-section and a widened width tunnel having a part in a circumferential direction with a widened width. <P>SOLUTION: The shield machine comprises cutters 2, 6 for cutting natural ground, a main segment assembling machine 3 for assembling main segments MS in a bore drilled by the cutters 2, 6 to construct the main tunnel MT and a width widening member assembling machine disposed ahead of the machine 3 for assembling width widening members KS at a position radially outward of the main tunnel MT. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield excavator and a tunnel construction method, and more particularly, to a shield excavator and a tunnel construction method for constructing a main tunnel having a predetermined cross section and a widened tunnel partially widened in a circumferential direction. .

  When constructing an underground tunnel, there is a case where a widened tunnel in which a part in a circumferential direction is widened in a part in a longitudinal direction of the tunnel. This is because, for example, when constructing a road tunnel, it is necessary to provide emergency parking zones for vehicles at predetermined intervals.

  Conventionally, when constructing a widening tunnel in a part of the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, first, a main tunnel having a predetermined cross section is excavated and constructed by a shield excavator, and then, a radially outward from the main tunnel is formed by a shield excavator for widening. And a widening tunnel was constructed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses such a widening excavator. However, this method requires two steps for constructing the tunnel, and thus has the disadvantage that the cost is high and the construction period is prolonged.

JP-B-62-1073

  Therefore, in recent years, the development of a shield excavator in which the shield frame of the shield excavator is divided so as to be capable of being widened, and the shield frame is widened while the main tunnel is being constructed and the widened tunnel is continuously constructed. .

  However, it has not been put to practical use for the following reasons.

  1) In the shield machine described above, as shown in FIG. 22, a part of the main segment MS forming the main tunnel is replaced with a widened segment KS, and the widened tunnel KT is constructed by integrally assembling in the circumferential direction. However, the partially deformed (widened) segment has a low strength and may not sufficiently oppose the earth pressure. In particular, this problem occurs when constructing a tunnel having a large cross section.

  2) The strength of the shield frame decreases.

  3) It is difficult to secure water stoppage between the widening tunnel and the shield frame.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a shield excavator capable of constructing a main tunnel having a predetermined cross section and a widened tunnel whose part in the circumferential direction is widened.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cutter for excavating a ground, a main segment assembling apparatus for assembling a main segment in a hole excavated by the cutter to construct a main tunnel, and a main segment assembling apparatus. A widening member assembling device that is disposed in front of the main tunnel and that assembles the widening member at a position radially outside the main tunnel.

  Here, a main shield having the main segment assembling apparatus, and a widening shield having the widening member assembling apparatus, wherein the widening shield is at a non-operating position located radially inside the main shield, The main shield may be provided so as to be movable in a radial direction with respect to the main shield so that a part thereof can move between an operating position located radially outside the main shield.

  Further, a main cutter having an excavation surface substantially equal to the cross section of the main tunnel, and a widening cutter for excavating a portion radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter may be provided.

  Further, the widening cutter has a non-operation position in which the excavation surface is located within the excavation surface of the main cutter, and an operation position in which at least a part of the excavation surface is located radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter. The main shield may be provided so as to be movable in the radial direction of the main shield so as to be able to move between them.

  Further, the widening cutter can be moved between a non-operation position in which the digging surface is positioned substantially parallel to the axis of the main shield and an operation position in which the digging surface is inclined with respect to the axis. The main shield may be swingably provided.

  Further, the widening cutter may be a screw cutter provided so as to be able to protrude and retract in the radial direction of the main shield.

  Further, the widening cutter has a non-operation position in which the excavation surface is located within the excavation surface of the main cutter, and an operation position in which at least a part of the excavation surface is located radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter. The main shield may be provided so as to be movable in the radial direction of the main shield so as to be able to move between the main shields and swingable in the circumferential direction of the main shield at the operating position.

  An oscillating body fixed to a rotating shaft of the widening cutter; an oscillating guide formed to surround the oscillating body and provided so as to be movable in a radial direction of the main shield; A first drive unit for moving the main shield in a radial direction integrally with the guide; and a second drive unit for swinging the swing body in a circumferential direction of the main shield along an inner surface of the swing guide. May be.

  The widening cutter includes a cutter head for excavating the ground, and a boom that supports the cutter head and swings the cutter head in a circumferential direction of the main shield, and moves in a radial direction of the main shield. A boom cutter provided as possible may be used.

  Further, the present invention provides a method for excavating the ground with a cutter of a shield machine, constructing a main tunnel in the drilled hole, and a position forward of the construction position of the main tunnel and radially outside of the main tunnel. The widening member is assembled.

  Here, the construction of the main tunnel and the assembling of the widening member may be performed only on a part of the hole excavated by the cutter in the longitudinal direction, and the construction of the main tunnel may be performed only on the other part.

  Further, the main tunnel and the widening member may be communicated with each other to form a widened tunnel in which a part in the circumferential direction is widened.

  Further, a reinforcing member may be provided in the main tunnel before the main tunnel communicates with the widening member.

According to the present invention, excellent effects are exhibited as described below.
1) The continuous construction of the main tunnel and the widening tunnel can be realized, and the cost and the construction period can be reduced.
2) High water stoppage can be secured.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 and 2 are side sectional views of the shield machine according to the present embodiment, FIG. 3 is a front view thereof, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is sectional drawing of the tunnel to construct.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the shield machine 1 according to the present embodiment includes a main tunnel MT having a circular cross section and a widening segment (a widening section) which is a crescent-shaped cylindrical body disposed adjacent to the main tunnel MT. (Member) KS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shield machine 1 according to the present embodiment has a main cutter 2 having an excavation surface that is substantially the same (slightly larger) as the cross section of the main tunnel MT to be constructed, and the main cutter 2 has excavated. A main shield 5 having a main segment assembling device (electa) 3 for assembling the main segment MS in the hole to construct a main tunnel MT, a widening cutter 6 for excavating a portion radially outside the main tunnel MT, A widening shield 7 having a widening segment assembling device (widening member assembling device) (not shown) for assembling the widening segment KS in a region excavated by the widening cutter 6 is provided.

  The main cutter 2 is rotatably provided on a partition 9 provided in the vicinity of the front end of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5. The main cutter 2 is provided with a plurality of spokes 10 extending radially from the center of rotation, a number of cutter bits 11 provided on the spokes 10, and an outer end portion of the spokes 10 which can be freely protruded and retracted in a radial direction. And a copy cutter 12. A rotating shaft 13 and a ring body 15 are provided on the rear surface side of the main cutter 2, and the rotating shaft 13 and the ring body 15 are supported by the partition 9 via a bearing. The partition 9 is provided with a cutter drive motor 16 that drives the main cutter 2 to rotate via a ring body 15.

  A chamber 17 is formed between the main cutter 2 and the partition 9 to take in earth and sand excavated by the main cutter 2. The partition wall 9 has a mud pipe 18 for feeding mud into the chamber 17, an agitator 19 for mixing earth and sand and mud in the chamber 17, and a mud pipe 20 for discharging earth and sand mixed with mud in the chamber 17 backward. Etc. are connected.

  The shield frame 8 of the main shield 5 has a cross section substantially equal to (slightly larger) than the main tunnel MT, and a widening cutter 6 and a widening shield 7 are provided at a substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction (behind the partition 9). Behind the main shield 5 (behind the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7), an erector 3 (main segment assembling apparatus) for assembling the main segment MS to construct the main tunnel MT, and a main segment assembled by the erector 3 A shield jack 21 for propelling the shield machine 1 by taking a reaction force to the MS is provided. At the rear end of the main shield 5, a ring-shaped tail seal 22 for stopping water between the existing main segment MS and the shield frame 8 is provided.

  The widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are provided movably in the radial direction (left and right directions in FIG. 3) with respect to the main shield 5 at a position rearward of the main cutter 2 and forward of the elector 3 of the main shield 5. . Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, a guide portion 23 that is recessed in a substantially U-shape inward in the radial direction is formed on a central side surface of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5. The widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are slidably accommodated in the guide portion 23.

  The widening cutter 6 is rotatably provided on a partition 25 provided near the front end of the shield frame 24 of the widening shield 7, and includes a plurality of (four in this embodiment) spokes 26 radially extending from the center of rotation. And a plurality of cutter bits 27 provided on the spokes 26, and a copy cutter 28 provided on the outer end of the spokes 26 so as to be able to protrude and retract in the radial direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the excavated surface of the widening cutter 6 is circular, and the diameter thereof is about half the diameter of the excavated surface of the main cutter 2. Between the widening cutter 6 and the partition wall 25, a chamber 29 for taking in earth and sand excavated by the widening cutter 6 is formed. On the rear surface of the partition 25, a cutter drive motor 30 for rotatingly driving the widening cutter 6 is provided. Although not shown in the drawing, the partition wall 25 has a mud pipe for feeding mud into the chamber 29, an agitator for mixing the mud and mud in the chamber 29, and a sediment mixed with mud in the chamber 29. A mud pipe etc. for discharging to is connected.

  The widening cutter 6 is attached to the widening shield 7 so as to be relatively movable in the radial direction. In other words, the widening cutter 6 has the rotating shaft 31 formed on the rear surface thereof mounted movably in the radial direction with respect to the partition 25 of the widening shield 7, and the widening cutter 6 is provided between the partition 25 and the rotating shaft 31. And a drive unit 32 for relatively moving the and the widening shield 7. In the present embodiment, the driving means 32 is composed of hydraulic jacks symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotary shaft 31, and the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are relatively moved by contracting or expanding the hydraulic jack 32. Can be done.

  The shield frame 24 of the widening shield 7 is formed substantially continuous with the substantially U-shaped slide portion 24a accommodated in the guide portion 23 of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5 and the slide portion 24a. And an outer wall portion 24b curved with a curvature substantially equal to the radially outer surface. An appropriate seal member is provided between the guide portion 23 of the main shield 5 and the slide portion 24a of the widening shield 7.

  The rear portion of the shield frame 24 of the widened shield 7 is formed to be continuous with the outer wall portion 24b and is curved with a curvature substantially equal to the radially inner surface of the widened segment KS (curvature substantially equal to the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5). An inner wall portion 33 is provided. The outer wall portion 24b and the inner wall portion 33 constitute a widened frame 34 that covers the entire circumference of the existing widened segment KS. A tail seal 35 for stopping water between the widened segment KS and the widened frame 34 is provided on the inner surface of the rear end portion of the widened frame 34 over the entire circumference.

  The widening shield 7 further includes a widening segment assembling device (not shown) for assembling the widening segment KS in a region excavated by the widening cutter 6, and a shield excavation by taking a reaction force to the widening segment KS assembled by the widening segment assembling device. And a shield jack 36 for propelling the machine 1. The widening segment assembling device is a device that grips the widening segment KS transported from behind and moves the widening shield KS to the outside in the radial direction of the widening shield 7 and arranges the widening segment KS in the area excavated by the excavating cutter 6. Note that an erector can be used as the widening segment assembling apparatus.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B, the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are completely accommodated inside the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5 in the radial direction when located at the radially innermost side. When only the main tunnel MT is constructed, the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are accommodated in the main shield 5 as described above, and excavation by the widening cutter 6 and assembly of the widening segment KS by the widening shield 7 are not performed. The state (position) in which the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are housed in the main shield 5 is referred to as a “non-operating position” of the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7.

  When the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 move radially outward from the inoperative position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3A, a part of the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are radially larger than the main shield 5. Located outside. Therefore, when the widening cutter 6 is rotated in this state, the widening cutter 6 excavates a portion radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter 2 (cross section of the main shield 5). Thus, a state (position) in which at least a part of the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 is located radially outside of the main shield 5 is referred to as an “operating position”.

  Next, a tunnel construction method using the shield machine 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, underground excavation and construction of the main tunnel MT are performed in a state where the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are located at the inoperative position. At this time, in the widening frame 34 of the widening shield 7, a lid segment HS having no hole at the center and a predetermined number (two in the figure) of widening segments HS adjacent thereto are previously assembled, and the shield jack 36 is assembled. The widening segment KS is designed to take a reaction force. The lid segment HS also has a function of sealing between the widening shield 7 and the main shield 5.

  When the shield machine 1 reaches a predetermined position, as shown in FIG. 6, the widening cutter 6 is moved radially outward by a predetermined distance with respect to the widening shield 7 while rotating, and the widening shield is moved by the copy cutter 28. Excavate the radially outer part of 7. As a result, a part of the digging surface of the widening cutter 6 is located radially outside of the digging surface of the main cutter 2, and it is possible to dig a part radially outside of the main tunnel MT. In this state, as shown in FIG. 7, the shield machine 1 is propelled by at least the same distance as the length L of the widening shield 7.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the widening shield 7 (including the lid segment HS and the widening segment KS) is drawn toward the widening cutter 6 by the hydraulic jack 32. That is, the widening shield 7 is moved radially outward of the main shield 5 so as to be positioned within the area excavated by the widening cutter 6. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, the widening cutter 6 is moved to the radially outside of the widening shield 7 again, and the radially outer portion is further excavated. This operation is repeated until the area excavated by the widening cutter 6 becomes substantially equal to the cross section of the widening segment KS. During this operation, ground excavation by the main cutter 2 and construction of the main tunnel MT by the erector 3 are always performed.

  FIG. 10 shows a state where the area to be excavated by the widening cutter 6 is substantially equal to the cross section of the widening segment KS. As shown in the figure, the filler is sequentially filled in the area X excavated by the widening cutter 6 so far. Then, a new widened segment KS is sequentially assembled adjacent to the existing widened segment KS. That is, the construction of the main tunnel MT by the erector 3 and the assembly of the widened segment KS by the widened segment assembling apparatus proceed simultaneously. At this time, since the widened segment assembling apparatus is disposed forward of the erector 3, the widened segment KS is always assembled in front of the main tunnel MT construction position, that is, in an area where the main tunnel MT is not constructed. Done.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11, when the widened segment KS has been assembled for a required length, the lid segment HS is assembled adjacent to the foremost widened segment KS, and as shown in FIG. Then, the widening shield 7 is moved radially inward of the main shield 5 to be located at the non-operation position. The gap Y generated by moving the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 is filled with a filler. Thereafter, ground excavation by the main cutter 2 and construction of the main tunnel MT by the erector 3 are continued.

  As a result, in a part of the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, as shown in FIG. 5A, the widened segment KS is arranged adjacent to the outside of the main tunnel MT.

  Thereafter, a chemical is injected into the outer portion Z of the connection portion between the widened segment KS and the main tunnel MT from the inside of the main tunnel MT through a work hole to improve the ground. Then, after the reinforcing member 37 is put over the inside of the main tunnel MT, the main segment MS1 located inside the widened segment KS is removed, and the inner wall KS1 of the widened segment KS is cut. Next, the widened segment KS and the main tunnel MT (main segment MS) are welded together via a connecting plate or the like. As a result, the main tunnel MT and the widened segment KS are communicated with each other, and as shown in FIG. 5B, a widened tunnel KT having a part widened in the circumferential direction is constructed. In the present embodiment, the inner wall KS1 of the widened segment KS and the main segment MS1 located inside the widened segment KS are made of steel.

  As described above, according to the shield machine 1 of the present embodiment, the main tunnel MT having the predetermined cross section and the widened tunnel KT whose circumferential part is widened can be continuously constructed. Can be constructed.

  In particular, when constructing the widened tunnel KT, first, the main segment MS and the widened segment KS are separately (independently) assembled, so that the problem of insufficient strength of the segment can be avoided. That is, after assembling the main segment MS and the widened segment KS separately, reinforcing the main segment MS with the reinforcing member 37, and connecting the widened segment KS and the main segment MS, the main tunnel MT and the widened tunnel KT are connected. It is possible to realize the continuous construction of.

  Also, when assembling the widened segment KS, the entire outer periphery of the main segment MS is sealed by the tail seal 22 of the main shield 5 and the entire outer periphery of the widened segment KS is sealed by the tail seal 35 of the widened shield 7, so that a high stop is achieved. Aqueous can be secured.

  In the above-described embodiment, the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are described as being moved radially outward in a stepwise manner. However, in the case where the soil is soft, the widening cutter 6 and the widening shield 7 are moved by a necessary distance at a time. They can also be moved.

  Hereinafter, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  In the following description, the same components as those of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  First, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the widening cutter 38 is arranged behind the main cutter 2 (in the chamber 17) and is rotatably provided on the partition 9 of the main shield 5. The widening cutter 38 includes two spokes 39 arranged to face each other, a number of bits 40 provided on the spokes 39, and a copy cutter ( (Not shown)).

  The excavation surface of the widening cutter 38 is circular as shown by a line A in FIG. The movement of the widening cutter 38 between the operating position and the non-operating position is performed by controlling the rotation of the widening cutter 38. That is, as shown in FIG. 14, if the widening cutter 38 is stopped in a state where both spokes 39 are positioned substantially vertically, the widening cutter 38 is completely located within the excavation surface of the main cutter 2. Therefore, this state is the inoperative position. On the other hand, when the widening cutter 38 is rotated, both spokes 39 sequentially project radially outward from the excavation surface of the main cutter 2, and excavate a portion radially outward from the main cutter 2. Therefore, the state where the widening cutter 38 is rotated is the operating position.

  The widening shield 7 has the same configuration as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and a driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack for radially moving the widening shield 7 with respect to the main shield 5 is separately provided. .

  According to this embodiment, since it is not necessary to move the widening cutter 38 in the radial direction with respect to the main shield 5, a simple and low-cost structure can be obtained.

  15 and 16, a widening cutter 41 is provided on the side of the main shield 5 so as to be swingable. Specifically, a guide portion 42 that is recessed radially inward is formed on a side portion of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5, and a slide portion 44 is slidably accommodated in the guide portion 42. The sliding portion 44 is provided with a swinging body 43 having a spherical outer surface so as to be swingable. A suitable seal member seals between the guide portion 42 and the slide portion 44 and between the slide portion 44 and the rocking body 43. The oscillating body 43 is swingably provided in a direction inclined with respect to the axis C of the main shield 5, and the widening cutter 41 is rotatably provided on the oscillating body 43. The widening cutter 41 includes a spoke 45 extending radially from the center of rotation and a bit 46 provided on the spoke 45. The shield frame 8 of the main shield 5 is provided with a partition wall 48 that forms a chamber 47 between the shield frame 8 and the widening cutter 41. The slide portion 44 is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack. The rocking body 43 is also rocked with respect to the axis C of the main shield 5 by driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack. The widening cutter 41 moves and swings with the movement of the slide portion 44 and the swing of the swinging body 43.

  In this embodiment, the movement between the operating position and the non-operating position of the widening cutter 41 is performed by the radial movement of the slide portion 44 and the swing of the swing body 43. That is, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 15, the rocking body 43 is rocked so that the excavation surface (spoke 45) of the widening cutter 41 is positioned substantially parallel to the axis C of the main shield 5, and the slide portion 44 is moved. When the cutter is moved most radially inward, the widened cutter 41 is completely accommodated in the excavated surface of the main cutter 2. Therefore, this state is the inoperative position. On the other hand, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 15 and as shown in FIG. 16, when the slide portion 44 is moved radially outward and the oscillator 43 is inclined with respect to the axis C of the main shield 5, the width is increased. The digging surface of the cutter 41 faces forward, and a part of the digging surface is located radially outside the digging surface of the main cutter 2. This state is the operating position. The widening shield 7 has the same configuration as that of the embodiment shown in FIG.

  In this mode, the excavation in the radial direction and the axial direction can be performed by rotating the widening cutter 41 while tilting it. Therefore, it is possible to quickly excavate a region necessary for assembling the widened segment KS, and it is possible to eliminate unnecessary excavation and to reduce a filling region of the filler.

  Next, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, the shield frame 49 of the widening shield 48 is provided so as to be swingable with respect to the main shield 5. That is, a guide portion 50 that is recessed radially inward is formed on a side portion of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5, and the shield frame 49 of the widening shield 48 is accommodated in the guide portion 50. The upper portion of the shield frame 49 is rotatably (swingably) attached to the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5 via a pin 51 (see FIGS. 18 and 19), and the pin is driven by driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack. Swinged around 51. The lower surface 49a of the shield frame 49 of the widening shield 48 and the lower surface 50a of the guide portion 50 of the main shield 5 are curved with substantially the same curvature (see FIG. 18). At the rear of the shield frame 49, a widened frame 52 similar to the widened frame 34 shown in FIG. 1 is provided.

  In this embodiment, movement between the operating position and the non-operating position of the widening shield 48 is performed by swinging the shield frame 49. That is, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 18 and as shown in FIG. 19A, when the shield frame 49 is swung radially inward, the widening shield 48 is completely accommodated inside the main shield 5 in the radial direction. Is done. Therefore, this position is the inoperative position of the widening shield 48. Then, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 18 and as shown in FIG. 19B, when the shield frame 49 is rotated radially outward around the pin 51, a part of the widening shield 48 It protrudes outward in the direction. This is the operating position of the widening shield 48.

  On the other hand, the widening cutter 53 is composed of a plurality of screw cutters 54 provided at positions immediately before the widening shield 48 so as to be able to protrude and retract in the radial direction with respect to the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5. An accommodation space 55 for each screw cutter 54 is formed on the side of the shield frame 8 so as to be depressed inward in the radial direction. A plurality of accommodation spaces 55 are vertically arranged over substantially the same height as the widening shield 48, and the screw cutters 54 are arranged in the respective accommodation spaces 55. A drive device (hydraulic jack) 56 is connected to each screw cutter 54, and each screw cutter 54 is independently moved in the radial direction by the hydraulic jack 56. As shown in FIG. 19A, when each screw cutter 54 is most retracted radially inward of the main shield 5, all the screw cutters 54 are completely located within the excavation surface of the main cutter 2. This is the inoperative position of the widening cutter 53. When each of the screw cutters 54 projects radially outward, excavation is performed at a position radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter 2. At this time, the projecting distance of each screw cutter 54 is adjusted according to the shape of the widening shield 48 as shown in FIG. The earth and sand excavated by the screw cutter 54 is taken into a chamber 57 provided in the main shield 5 and discharged backward.

  This embodiment has an advantage that excavation of an arbitrary shape can be performed by projecting each screw cutter 54 in accordance with the shape of the widened segment KS.

  Next, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 23 to 28, the widening cutter 60 is disposed behind the main cutter 2. The widening cutter 60 includes a plurality of (four in this embodiment) spokes 61 extending radially from the center of rotation, a number of cutter bits 62 provided on the spokes 61, and a radially outer end of the spoke 61. And a copy cutter 63 provided so as to be able to come and go in the direction. As shown in FIG. 24, the excavated surface of the widening cutter 60 is circular, and the diameter thereof is about half of the diameter of the main cutter 2.

  As shown in FIG. 23, a guide portion 64 is formed on the side surface of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5 so as to be recessed in a substantially U-shape inward in the radial direction. A slide portion 65 is provided on the guide portion 64 so as to be movable in the radial direction of the main shield 5. A partition 66 is arranged on the front surface of the slide portion 65.

  Between the partition wall 66 and the widening cutter 60, a chamber 74 for taking in earth and sand excavated by the widening cutter 60 is formed. The space between the partition 66 and the rotating shaft 72 of the widening cutter 60 is sealed by a seal member 75. Although not shown in the figure, the guide portion 64 is provided with a mud pipe for feeding mud into the chamber 74, an agitator for mixing the mud and mud in the chamber 74, and a sediment mixed with mud in the chamber 74. A mud pipe for discharging backward is connected.

  A slide cylinder 67 is provided on a side surface of the slide portion 65. The slide cylinder 67 extends through the guide portion 64 and into the shield frame 8. The space between the slide cylinder 67 and the guide portion 64 is sealed by a seal member 68.

  A swing guide 70 is provided in the slide portion 65. The thickness of the inner surface of the swing guide 70 in the front-rear direction of the main shield 5 is formed to be substantially the same as the thickness of a swing body 71 described later. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 26B, the length of the inner surface of the swing guide 70 in the radial direction of the main shield 5 is formed larger than the length of the swing body 71. Also, on the inner surface of the swing guide 70 and on the radially outer side of the main shield 5, there are R portions 70 a at the upper and lower portions shown in FIG. 26 (b), and straight portions 70 b connecting the R portions 70 a. Are formed.

  A rocking body 71 is accommodated in the rocking guide 70. The oscillating body 71 is fixed to the rotating shaft 72 of the widening cutter 60. An R portion 71a formed at one end (the left side in the drawing) of the rocking body 71 has substantially the same curvature as the R portion 70a of the rocking guide 70.

  As shown in FIG. 23, a first drive unit 69 is provided at one end (upward in the figure) of the slide portion 65. In the present embodiment, the first driving means 69 is two slide jacks (hydraulic jacks), and the cylinder part of the slide jack 69 is fixed to the guide part 64. The slide portion 65 is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by a slide jack 69. At this time, the swinging body 71 is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 integrally with the swinging guide 70.

  As shown in FIG. 26B, a plurality of second driving means 73 are provided on the inner side in the radial direction of the oscillating body 71 (to the right in the figure). One end of each of the second driving means 73 is rotatably connected to upper and lower portions on the radially inner side of the rocking body 71. In the present embodiment, the second driving means 73 is a shift jack (hydraulic jack), and the other end is rotatably connected to the slide portion 65.

  As shown in FIG. 27B, when the length of the upper and lower shift jacks 73 is extended by the same length, the rocking body 71 is moved straight in the radial direction of the main shield 5 along the inner surface of the rocking guide 70. . At this time, the rocking member 71 is moved until the R portion 71a contacts the linear portion 70b of the rocking guide 70. In this position, when the length of the upper shift jack 73 is reduced and the length of the lower shift jack 73 is extended as shown in FIG. It moves along the portion 70b, and is tilted upward until the R portion 71a of the rocking body 71 contacts the R portion 70a on the upper portion of the rocking guide 70. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 28B, when the length of the upper shift jack 73 is extended and the length of the lower shift jack 73 is contracted, the rocking body 71 becomes a linear portion 70b of the rocking guide 70. , And is tilted downward until the R portion 71 a of the swinging body 71 comes into contact with the lower portion 70 a of the swing guide 70.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 26A, the slide portion 65 is housed inside the main frame 8 at the non-operation position, and a gap 76 is formed between the slide portion 65 and the main frame 8. When earth and sand enter the gap 76, the slide portion 65 is not moved radially outward of the main shield 5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 25, an outer cylinder door 76 and a door jack 77 for sliding the outer cylinder door 76 in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5 are provided inside the shield frame 8. . The outer cylinder door 76 is formed with a curvature substantially equal to the curvature of the shield frame 8. In the inoperative position, the outer cylinder door 76 is slid in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5 to cover the gap 76. At this time, the slide portion 65 can be separated from the outside together with the widening cutter 60 and housed inside the main shield 5 (the outer cylinder door 76 covers the broken line portion in FIG. 26A).

  The widening shield 7 shown in FIG. 23 has a configuration similar to that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and a driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack for moving the widening shield 7 in the radial direction with respect to the main shield 5. Is provided separately.

  In this embodiment, the movement of the widening cutter 60 between the operation position and the non-operation position is performed by the slide jack 69. As shown in FIG. 27 (b), when the slide portion 65 is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by the slide jack 69, the widening cutter 60 is moved in the radial direction. The widening cutter 60 is also moved in the radial direction by moving the swinging body 71 in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by the shift jack 73.

  On the other hand, the swing of the widening cutter 60 in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5 in the operating position is performed by the shift jack 73. As shown in FIG. 28A, when the swinging member 71 is tilted upward by the shift jack 73, the widening cutter 60 is rocked upward substantially along the circumferential direction of the main shield 5. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 28B, when the rocking body 71 is tilted downward by the shift jack 73, the widening cutter 60 is rocked downward substantially along the circumferential direction of the main shield 5. .

  As shown in FIG. 24, when the widening cutter 60 swings upward, it moves to a position D indicated by a dashed line. On the other hand, when the widening cutter 60 swings downward, it moves to the position E indicated by the two-dot chain line. That is, by swinging the widening cutter 60 in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5, it is possible to excavate a ground (a region F in a portion surrounded by hatching) wider than the excavation surface of the widening cutter 60.

  By the way, in order to excavate the area F without swinging the widening cutter 60 in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5, it is necessary to enlarge the excavation surface of the widening cutter 60 to a size including the area F. However, by swinging the widening cutter 60 in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5, the region F can be excavated without enlarging the excavation surface. That is, since it is not necessary to enlarge the excavated surface of the widening cutter 60, the space for accommodating the widening cutter 60 can be kept small without increasing the width of the widening cutter 60.

  In this embodiment, the widening cutter 60 moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 is also swung in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5, so that the ground in a wider area than the excavation surface of the widening cutter 60 can be excavated. It has the advantage that. Further, the widening cutter 60 is swung in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5 without enlarging the excavated surface of the widening cutter 60, so that the widening cutter 60 is not enlarged, and the accommodation space for the widening cutter 60 is not increased. Has the advantage that it can be kept small.

  Next, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 29 to 30, the widening cutter 80 is disposed behind the main cutter 2. The widening cutter 80 includes a cutter head 81 that excavates the ground, a boom 82 that supports the cutter head 81 and swings the cutter head 81 in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5. The boom cutter is provided so as to be movable.

  As shown in FIG. 30A, a guide portion 83 which is recessed in a substantially U-shape inward in the radial direction is formed on a side surface portion of the shield frame 8 of the main shield 5. A slide portion 84 is provided on the guide portion 83 so as to be movable in the radial direction of the main shield 5. The space between the guide portion 83 and the slide portion 84 is sealed by a seal member 85.

  A chamber 86 for taking in the earth and sand excavated by the widening cutter (boom cutter) 80 is formed on the side of the slide portion 84 (to the left in the drawing). The sliding portion 84 has a mud pipe 87 for feeding mud into the chamber 86, an agitator (not shown) for mixing the mud and mud in the chamber 86, and a mud mixed in the chamber 86 backward. A drain pipe 88 for discharging is connected.

  A driving means 89 is provided at one end (rightward in the figure) of the slide portion 84. In the present embodiment, the driving means 89 is two slide jacks (hydraulic jacks), and the cylinder part of the slide jack 89 is fixed to the guide part 83. The slide portion 84 is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by a slide jack 89.

  As shown in FIG. 29, a boom 82 is connected to a side surface portion (downward in the figure) of the slide portion 84. The boom 82 includes a main boom 90, a first bent portion (first jack) 91 connected to the main boom 90, and a second bent portion (second jack) 92 connected to the first jack 91. I have. The first jack 91 and the second jack 92 are bent by bending means (rotary actuators) 93 and 94, respectively.

  When the first jack 91 and the second jack 92 are bent by the rotary actuators 93 and 94, the main boom 90 is swung in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5. That is, the boom 82 is provided so as to be bendable in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5. Since the boom 82 of the present embodiment has two bent portions (the first jack 91 and the second jack 92), it can be bent in two stages.

  The boom 82 is connected to a rod 95a attached to the slide portion 84. The rod 95 a is inserted into a cylindrical body 95 b provided on the slide portion 84, and is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by the driving means 96. The driving means 96 is two shift jacks (hydraulic jacks). The boom 82 is moved in the radial direction of the main shield 5 by moving the rod 95a in the radial direction of the main shield 5.

  A screw 97 for taking earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 81 into the inside of the main shield 5 is provided rotatably around the axis of the main boom 90 in the longitudinal direction of the main boom 90. The screw 97 is rotated around the axis of the main boom 90 by driving means (not shown).

  A cutter head 81 is rotatably mounted (supported) around the axis of the main boom at the tip of the main boom 90. The cutter head 81 includes a large number of cutter bits (not shown) provided radially. The cutter head 81 is rotated around the axis of the main boom 90 by a driving unit (not shown).

Since the cutter head 81 is supported by the boom 82 that can be bent in two steps, it can be moved to any position. That is, the cutter head 81 can perform an excavation of an arbitrary shape. As shown in FIG. Is performed by the slide jack 89 and the shift jack 96.

  On the other hand, the swinging of the widening cutter 80 (the cutter head 81) in the circumferential direction of the main shield 5 at the operating position is performed by the boom 82. When the boom 82 is bent upward or downward by the first jack 91 or the second jack 92, the cutter head 81 is swung upward or downward in accordance with the bending of the boom 82.

  This embodiment has an advantage that an excavation of an arbitrary shape can be performed by moving the widening cutter 80 according to the shape of the widening segment KS (see FIG. 5).

  Now, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be considered.

  For example, as the widening cutter, it is possible to use the copy cutter 12 shown in FIG.

  Further, the widening cutter need not always be provided. For example, as shown in FIG. 20, a hole H having a cross section larger than the main tunnel MT may be excavated by the main cutter, and the widened segment KS and the main tunnel MT may be assembled with the hole H. In this case, a filler is filled between the hole H and the widened segment KS and the main tunnel MT.

  When the ground to be excavated is soft, a hole having a cross section substantially the same as that of the main tunnel MT is excavated with the main cutter, and the widening shield is extruded in the radial direction so as to be embedded in the side ground. Assembling the KS is also conceivable.

  Alternatively, widening shields may be provided on both sides of the main shield to construct a widening tunnel widened on both left and right sides. Further, a widening shield may be provided so as to be movable upward or downward, and a tunnel widened in the vertical direction may be constructed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 21, the present invention is also applicable to a shield machine for constructing a multi-circular tunnel TT in which a plurality of circular tunnels are connected.

  Further, the shield machine according to the present invention can construct a widened tunnel not only when a widened tunnel is constructed in a part of the tunnel in the longitudinal direction but also throughout the entire tunnel. Also, the widening segment can be one tunnel and two parallel tunnels.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the widened segment is described as a cylindrical body, but may be a structure divided into a plurality in the circumferential direction.

  In addition, the cutter, the cutter driving unit, the mud discharging unit, and the like described in the above embodiment are merely examples, and do not limit the present invention.

It is a sectional side view of a shield machine concerning one embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state where a widening cutter and a widening shield are located in an operation position. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state where a widening cutter and a widening shield are located at a non-operation position. (A) is a front view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1, and shows a state where the widening cutter and the widening shield are located at the operation position. (B) is a front view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1, showing a state where the widening cutter and the widening shield are located at the non-operation position. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the main tunnel and the widening segment which the shield machine of FIG. 1 builds. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a state in which the main tunnel and the widened segment in FIG. 5A are communicated with each other to form a widened tunnel. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view illustrating a tunnel construction method of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1. It is a side sectional view showing other embodiments of the present invention. It is a front view of the shield machine of FIG. It is a side sectional view showing other embodiments of the present invention. It is a front view of the shield machine of FIG. It is a side sectional view showing other embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line 18-18 of FIG. 17. It is a figure which shows the widening cutter and widening shield of the shield machine of FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which constructs a widening segment and a main tunnel in the hole which the main cutter excavated. It is a figure showing the state where widened segments were assembled on both sides of the multi-circle tunnel. It is a figure which shows the widening tunnel integrally constructed in the circumferential direction. It is a side sectional view showing other embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 24 is a front view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23. FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 23. (A) is a side sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at a non-operation position. FIG. 23B is a front sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at a non-operation position. (A) is a side sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at the operating position. FIG. 24B is a front sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at the operating position. FIG. 24A is a front sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at the operating position and is swung upward in the circumferential direction of the main shield. (B) is a front sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 23, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at the operating position and is swung downward in the circumferential direction of the main shield. It is a side sectional view showing other embodiments of the present invention. (A) is front sectional drawing of the shield machine of FIG. 29, and has shown the state in which the widening cutter was located in the non-operation position. FIG. 30B is a front sectional view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 29, showing a state where the widening cutter is located at the operating position.

Explanation of reference numerals

Reference Signs List 1 shield excavator 2 main cutter 3 main segment assembling device (electa)
6 Widening cutter 7 Widening shield KS Widening segment (widening member)
MS main segment MT main tunnel

Claims (13)

  A cutter for excavating the ground, a main segment assembling apparatus for assembling a main segment in a hole excavated by the cutter to form a main tunnel, and a main segment assembling apparatus disposed in front of the main segment assembling apparatus. A widening member assembling apparatus for assembling the widening member at a position outside the direction.   A main shield having the main segment assembling device, and a widening shield having the widening member assembling device, wherein the widening shield is at a non-operating position located radially inward of the main shield, and at least a part thereof. The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the shield excavator is provided so as to be movable in a radial direction with respect to the main shield so as to be able to move between an operating position located radially outward of the main shield.   The shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a main cutter having an excavation surface substantially equal to a cross section of the main tunnel; and a widening cutter for excavating a portion radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter.   The widening cutter has a position between an inoperative position where the excavation surface is located within the excavation surface of the main cutter and an operation position where at least a part of the excavation surface is located radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter. The shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the shield excavator is provided so as to be movable in a radial direction of the main shield so that the main shield can be moved.   The widening cutter is provided so that the excavation surface can move between an inoperative position where the excavation surface is substantially parallel to the axis of the main shield and an operation position where the excavation surface is inclined with respect to the axis. The shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the shield machine is swingably provided on the shield.   The shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the widening cutter is a screw cutter provided so as to be able to protrude and retract in a radial direction of the main shield.   The widening cutter has a position between an inoperative position where the excavation surface is located within the excavation surface of the main cutter and an operation position where at least a part of the excavation surface is located radially outside the excavation surface of the main cutter. The shield machine according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the shield excavator is provided so as to be movable in a radial direction of the main shield so as to be able to move in a circumferential direction of the main shield in the operating position.   An oscillating body fixed to a rotating shaft of the widening cutter, an oscillating guide formed so as to surround the oscillating body, and provided so as to be movable in a radial direction of the main shield; and A first drive means for integrally moving the main shield in a radial direction, and a second drive means for swinging the swing body in a circumferential direction of the main shield along an inner surface of the swing guide. Item 7. A shield machine according to item 7.   The widening cutter includes a cutter head that excavates the ground, a boom that supports the cutter head and swings the cutter head in a circumferential direction of the main shield, and is movable in a radial direction of the main shield. The shield machine according to claim 3, wherein the machine is a boom cutter provided.   Excavate the ground with the cutter of the shield machine, construct the main tunnel in the drilled hole, and assemble the widening member at a position ahead of the construction position of the main tunnel and radially outside the main tunnel. A tunnel construction method characterized in that:   The tunnel construction method according to claim 10, wherein the construction of the main tunnel and the assembly of the widening member are performed only in a part of the hole excavated by the cutter in the longitudinal direction, and only the construction of the main tunnel is performed in other portions.   The tunnel construction method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the main tunnel and the widening member are communicated with each other to form a widened tunnel whose circumferential portion is widened. 13. The tunnel construction method according to claim 12, wherein a reinforcing member is provided in the main tunnel before the main tunnel is communicated with the widening member.

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