JP2004311057A - Paste composition for forming catalyst layer, and transfer sheet for manufacturing catalyst layer-electrolyte film laminate - Google Patents

Paste composition for forming catalyst layer, and transfer sheet for manufacturing catalyst layer-electrolyte film laminate Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004311057A
JP2004311057A JP2003099188A JP2003099188A JP2004311057A JP 2004311057 A JP2004311057 A JP 2004311057A JP 2003099188 A JP2003099188 A JP 2003099188A JP 2003099188 A JP2003099188 A JP 2003099188A JP 2004311057 A JP2004311057 A JP 2004311057A
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Prior art keywords
paste composition
catalyst layer
transfer sheet
catalyst
present
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Rei Hiromitsu
礼 弘光
Takekazu Mikami
豪一 三上
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Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003099188A priority Critical patent/JP2004311057A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transfer sheet for easily manufacturing a catalyst layer-electrolyte film laminate, and a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer to manufacture the sheet. <P>SOLUTION: The paste composition is a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer in which (2) a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte and (3) a solvent are blended into (1) an aqueous dispersion of catalyst carrier carbon particles, the solvent is at least one kind of solvents selected from a group composed of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and N-methylpyrrolidone. In the sheet, a plurality of catalyst layers are formed at prescribed intervals on one surface of a base material. The transfer sheet is manufactured by forming a coating film composed of the paste composition on at least one surface of the base material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、触媒層形成用ペースト組成物及び触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
燃料電池は、電解質膜の両面に触媒層を配置し、水素と酸素の電気化学反応により発電する発電するシステムであり、発電時に発生するのは水のみである。燃料電池は、従来の内燃機関と異なり、二酸化炭素等の環境負荷ガスを発生しないために、次世代のクリーンエネルギーシステムとして注目されている。
【0003】
固体高分子型燃料電池は、電解質膜層として水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質膜を用い、その両面に触媒層を配置し、次いでその両面に電極基材を配置し、更にこれをセパレータで挟んだ構造をしている。電解質膜層の両面に触媒層を配置し、次いでその両面に電極基材を配置したもの(即ち、電極基材/触媒層/電解質膜/触媒層/電極基材の層構成のもの)は、電極−電解質膜接合体と称されている。
【0004】
従来、電極−電解質膜接合体の製造方法としては、例えば、(1)片面に印刷法又はスプレー法を適用して触媒層を形成した2個の電極基材を用い、該電極基材の触媒層面が電解質膜の両面に接するように配置し、熱プレスする方法(例えば、特公昭62−61118号公報(特許文献1)、特公昭62−61119号公報(特許文献2)等)、(2)電解質膜の両面に印刷法又はスプレー法を適用して触媒層を形成し、各々の触媒層面に電極基材が接するように配置し、熱プレスする方法(例えば、特公平2−48632号公報(特許文献3)等)等が知られている。
【0005】
上記各種の方法で使用される触媒層形成用ペースト組成物は、いずれも触媒を担持した炭素粒子及び水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質を低級脂肪族アルコールに溶解ないし分散させたものである。
【0006】
しかしながら、斯かる触媒層形成用ペースト組成物は、触媒と低級脂肪族アルコールとが直接接触し、触媒の活性により発火する危険を有している。そのために、ペースト組成物を調製する際、予め触媒を水に溶解ないし分散させておき、これに低級脂肪族アルコールを加えて、触媒と低級脂肪族アルコールとが直接接触することを防止する措置が講じられている。しかるに、このような措置を講じた場合でも、発火の危険性が全くなくなった訳ではない。上記アルコールに対する水の割合を高くすることにより、発火の危険性を低くすることができるが、水の含有量が高くなると、ペースト組成物調製の際に触媒の分散性が悪くなり、その結果、該ペースト組成物を用いて形成される触媒層の性能が低下する。
【0007】
特許文献4は、触媒担持炭素粒子及び水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質を含有する懸濁液に、1−ブタノール、グリセリン、2−エトキシエタノール等の高沸点溶剤を添加したペースト組成物を開示している。
【0008】
しかしながら、これらの高沸点溶剤を含有するペースト組成物は、発火の危険性、触媒の分散性等の点で問題がある他、形成される触媒層にクラックが発生する欠点を有している。触媒層にクラックが発生すると、電池寿命及び性能が低下する。
【0009】
特許文献5は、触媒担持炭素粒子及び水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質を含有する懸濁液に、(a)沸点が60℃未満の溶媒、(b)沸点が60〜100℃の溶媒及び(c)沸点が100℃を超える溶媒のうちの少なくとも2種類の混合溶剤を添加したペースト組成物を開示している。
【0010】
しかしながら、特許文献5のペースト組成物は、形成される触媒層にクラック、ピンホールが発生したり、触媒層が失活する等の欠点を有している。
【0011】
特許文献6は、固体高分子型燃料電池の電極形成に用いる電極触媒溶液であって、水より沸点が高く水溶液としたときに所定の温度以下で共沸する共沸溶剤(例えば、多価アルコール等)の水溶液に触媒を担持する触媒担持炭素粒子を分散してなる分散溶液を開示している。該文献の0015段落に、「共沸溶剤の水溶液に触媒担持カーボンを分散させることにより、触媒担持カーボンの溶媒への分散の際に生じる発熱や発火を防止することができる。」と記されている。
【0012】
しかしながら、該文献に記載の分散溶液は、共沸溶剤の水溶液に触媒担持炭素粒子を分散させる際に、触媒が発火する危険が残っており、従って該分散溶液は実用に適していない。
【0013】
【特許文献1】
特公昭62−61118号公報(第1〜2頁)
【0014】
【特許文献2】
特公昭62−61119号公報(第1〜2頁)
【0015】
【特許文献3】
特公平2−48632号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【0016】
【特許文献4】
特開平9−223503号公報(特許請求の範囲、0006段落)
【0017】
【特許文献5】
特開2001−160400号公報(特許請求の範囲)
【0018】
【特許文献6】
特開2001−266901号公報(特許請求の範囲、0015段落)
【0019】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、クラック、ピンホール等が実質的に生じない触媒層を形成するためのペースト組成物を提供することを課題とする。
【0020】
本発明は、触媒の分散性が良好で、発火の危険性のないペースト組成物を提供することを課題とする。
【0021】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねてきた。その結果、触媒担持炭素粒子の水分散液に水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質及び特定の溶剤を配合して得られる触媒層形成用ペースト組成物が所望のペースト組成物になり得ることを見い出した。本発明は、このような知見に基づき完成されたものである。
1.本発明は、(1)触媒担持炭素粒子の水分散液に(2)水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質及び(3)溶剤を配合した触媒層形成用ペースト組成物であって、溶剤がプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール及びN−メチルピロリドンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である触媒層形成用ペースト組成物である。
2.本発明は、一価のアルコール系溶剤を更に含有する上記1に記載のペースト組成物である。
3.本発明は、一価アルコール系溶剤が1−ブタノールである上記2に記載のペースト組成物である。
4.本発明は、基材上に、上記1〜3のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を塗布し、乾燥することにより触媒層を形成させてなる触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートである。
5.本発明は、少なくとも一方に離型層が形成された基材の離型層上に、上記1〜3のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を塗布し、乾燥することにより触媒層を形成させてなる触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートである。
6.本発明は、離型層が融点60〜100℃のワックスからなる上記5に記載の転写シートである。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
触媒層形成用ペースト組成物
本発明の触媒層形成用ペースト組成物は、(1)触媒担持炭素粒子の水分散液に(2)水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質及び(3)溶剤を配合したものである。本発明の触媒層形成用ペースト組成物は、好ましくは、電子線硬化型モノマー及び/又はポリマーを含有していない。
【0023】
(1)の触媒担持炭素粒子は、公知である。
【0024】
触媒としては、例えば白金、白金化合物等が挙げられる。白金化合物としては、例えば、白金と、ルテニウム、パラジウム、ニッケル、モリブデン、イリジウム、鉄等からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属との合金等が挙げられる。
【0025】
触媒担持炭素粒子の水分散液は、触媒担持炭素粒子を水に分散させることにより得られる。触媒担持炭素粒子を水に分散させるに当たっては、公知の方法を広く用いることができる。
【0026】
本発明においては、予め、触媒担持炭素粒子を水に分散させておくことが必須である。これによって、触媒の発火が実質的に起こらないようにすることができる。
【0027】
(2)の水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質は、公知である。
【0028】
水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質としては、例えばパーフルオロスルホン酸系のフッ素イオン交換樹脂等が挙げられる。
【0029】
パーフルオロスルホン酸系のフッ素イオン交換樹脂の具体例としては、例えば、テトラフルオロエチレンに基づく重合単位と、スルホン酸基(−SOH)及びカルボン酸基(−COOH)からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の官能基を有するパーフルオロビニルエーテルに基づく重合単位とを含む共重合体等を例示することができる。
【0030】
(3)の溶剤としては、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール及びN−メチルピロリドンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種(この溶剤を以下「溶剤A」という)を使用する。
【0031】
乾燥を効率的に行なう場合、乾燥温度を考慮すると2種類以上の有機溶剤からなる混合溶剤系による共沸現象である溶剤の低沸点化を利用することが好ましい。本発明では、溶剤Aと一価のアルコール系溶剤との混合溶剤がより好ましい。
【0032】
一価アルコール系溶剤としては、親水性及び疎水性を問わず、公知のアルコールを広く使用できる。このようなアルコールとしては、例えば、沸点120℃以下のアルコール、より具体的には、メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール、2−プロパノール、1−ブタノール、2−ブタノール等が挙げられる。一価アルコール系溶剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して使用される。これらのアルコール系溶剤の中でも、1−ブタノールが好適である。
【0033】
一価アルコール系溶剤は、通常、溶剤A 1重量部に対して、0.1〜10重量部程度、好ましくは0.6〜4重量部程度配合するのがよい。
【0034】
本発明の触媒層形成用ペースト組成物中に含まれる上記(1)〜(3)成分の割合は、限定されるものではなく、広い範囲内で適宜選択され得る。
【0035】
例えば、本発明の触媒層形成用ペースト組成物中に、(1)の触媒担持炭素粒子を基準にして、(2)成分が33〜300重量%程度(好ましくは40〜250重量%程度)、(4)成分が500〜2000重量%程度(好ましくは800〜1500重量%程度)含まれているのがよく、残りが水である。水の割合は、通常、触媒担持炭素粒子に対して、等重量〜4倍重量である。
【0036】
本発明ペースト組成物は、上記(1)〜(3)成分を混合することにより、製造される。(1)〜(3)成分の混合順序は、特に制限されない。例えば、(1)成分、(2)成分び(3)成分を順次又は同時に混合し、分散させることにより、本発明ペースト組成物を調製できる。混合には、公知の混合手段を広く適用できる。
【0037】
触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シート
本発明の触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートは、基材上に上記ペースト組成物を塗布し、乾燥することにより触媒層を形成したものである。
【0038】
触媒層は、基材の一方面に形成されていてもよく、又は基材の両面に形成されていてもよい。
【0039】
また、本発明の転写シートは、基材の一方面又は両面に、複数個の触媒層、好ましくは同一形状の複数個の触媒層が一定間隔で形成されていてもよい。
【0040】
本発明の触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートの一例を図1及び図2に示す。図1は、本発明の触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートの断面図である。図2は、本発明の触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートの平面図である。
【0041】
基材としては、例えば、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリパルバン酸アラミド、ポリアミド(ナイロン)、ポリサルホン、ポリエーテルサルホン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエーテル・エーテルケトン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアリレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等の高分子フィルムを挙げることができる。
【0042】
また、エチレンテトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、テトラフルオロパーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体(PFA)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)等の耐熱性フッ素樹脂を用いることもできる。
【0043】
更に、基材は、高分子フィルム以外に、アート紙、コート紙、軽量コート紙等の塗工紙、ノート用紙、コピー用紙等の非塗工紙等の紙であってもよい。また、基材は、カーボンクロス、カーボンペーパー等の炭素繊維からなるシートであってもよい。
【0044】
基材の厚さは、取り扱い性及び経済性の観点から、通常6〜100μm程度、好ましくは6〜30μm程度、より好ましくは6〜15μm程度とするのがよい。
【0045】
従って、基材としては、安価で入手が容易な高分子フィルムが好ましく、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等がより好ましい。
【0046】
本発明の触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートは、基材の少なくとも一方面上に、本発明ペースト組成物からなる塗膜を形成することにより製造される。
【0047】
基材の少なくとも一方面上に、本発明ペースト組成物からなる塗膜を形成させるに当たっては、形成される塗膜が所望の層厚になるように、本発明ペースト組成物を公知の方法に従い基材上に塗布するのがよい。
【0048】
本発明ペースト組成物の塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ナイフコーター、バーコーター、スプレー、ディップコーター、スピンコーター、ロールコーター、ダイコーター、カーテンコーター、スクリーン印刷等の一般的な方法を適用できる。
【0049】
炭素繊維からなるシートに触媒層を形成する場合にも、上記方法が適用できるが、この場合炭素繊維は表面凹凸があり均一な塗布が難しいため、浸漬法、刷毛塗り等によるのが好ましい。
【0050】
本発明ペースト組成物を塗布した後、乾燥することにより、塗膜が形成される。乾燥温度は、通常40〜100℃程度、好ましくは60〜80℃程度である。乾燥時間は、乾燥温度にもよるが、通常5分〜2時間程度、好ましくは30分〜1時間程度である。
【0051】
塗膜の膜厚は、通常10〜50μm程度、好ましくは15〜30μm程度がよい。
【0052】
本発明の好ましい電極−電解質膜接合体製造用転写シートは、基材の少なくとも一方面に離型層を介して触媒層が形成されている。
【0053】
本発明において、離型層は、例えば、ワックスから構成される。ワックスとしては、具体的には、石油系ワックス、植物系ワックス、動物系ワックス、鉱物系ワックス、合成系ワックス等を挙げることができる。本発明で用いられるワックスには、例えば、C16〜C32の脂肪酸とアルコールとのエステルが包含される。本発明において、これらワックスは、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して使用される。
【0054】
本発明で用いられるワックスは、好ましくは融点が60〜140℃、より好ましくは融点が60〜100℃の範囲にあるのがよい。
【0055】
本発明において、好ましいワックスは植物系ワックスであり、より好ましいワックスはカルナウバワックス、カンデリラワックス等である。
【0056】
離型層は、公知のフッ素系樹脂でコーティングされたプラスチックフィルム(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のフィルム)からなっていてもよい。
【0057】
離型層の厚さは、通常0.1〜3μm程度、好ましくは0.5〜1μm程度がよい。
【0058】
基材上に離型層を形成させるに当たっては、所望の層厚になるように、上記ワックスを公知の方法に従い塗布するのがよい。また、塗布作業を容易にするために、ワックスを適当な溶剤に溶解又は分散して溶液又はエマルジョン液の形態で使用してもよい。塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ナイフコーター、バーコーター、スプレー、ディップコーター、スピンコーター、ロールコーター、ダイコーター、カーテンコーター、スクリーン印刷等の一般的な方法を適用できる。
【0059】
また、基材上に離型層を構成する成分を公知の方法で押出することにより、基材上に離型層を形成させることもできる。
【0060】
触媒層−電解質膜積層体
触媒層−電解質膜積層体は、電解質膜の両面に、触媒層が形成されている。触媒層−電解質膜積層体は、電解質膜の両面の各々に、複数個の触媒層(好ましくは同一形状の複数個の触媒層)が一定間隔で形成されていてもよい。
【0061】
電解質膜は、公知のものである。電解質膜の膜厚は、通常20〜250μm程度、好ましくは20〜80μm程度である。電解質膜の具体例としては、デュポン社製の「Nafion」膜、旭硝子(株)製の「Flemion」膜、旭化成(株)製の「Aciplex」膜、ゴア(Gore)社製の「Gore Select」膜等が挙げられる。
【0062】
本発明の触媒層−電解質膜積層体は、例えば本発明転写シートの触媒層面が電解質膜面に対面するように転写シートを配置し、加圧した後、該転写シートの基材を触媒層面から剥離することにより製造される。この操作を2回繰り返すことにより、触媒層面が電解質膜の両面に積層された触媒層−電解質膜積層体が製造される。
【0063】
作業性を考慮すると、触媒層面を電解質膜の両面に同時に積層するのがよい。この場合には、例えば、本発明転写シートの触媒層面が電解質膜の両面に対面するように転写シートを配置し、加圧した後、該転写シートの基材を剥離すればよい。
【0064】
加圧レベルは、転写不良を避けるために、通常0.5〜20Mpa程度、好ましくは1〜10Mpa程度がよい。また、この加圧操作の際に、転写不良を避けるために、加圧面を加熱するのが好ましい。加熱温度は、電解質膜の破損、変性等を避けるために、通常200℃以下、好ましくは20〜150℃程度がよい。
【0065】
電極−電解質膜接合体
電極−電解質膜接合体は、上記で製造された触媒層−電解質膜積層体の両面に電極基材を配置し、加圧することにより製造される。
【0066】
電極基材は、公知であり、燃料極、空気極を構成する各種の電極基材を使用できる。
【0067】
加圧レベルは、通常0.1〜100Mpa程度、好ましくは5〜15Mpa程度がよい。この加圧操作の際に加熱するのが好ましく、加熱温度は通常120〜150℃程度でよい。
【0068】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、触媒の分散性が良好で、発火の危険性のないペースト組成物を提供できる。
【0069】
本発明によれば、クラック、ピンホール等が実質的に生じない触媒層を形成するためのペースト組成物を提供できる。
【0070】
本発明のペースト組成物を用いて得られる転写シートを使用すれば、触媒層−電解質膜積層体を容易に、効率的に製造することができる。
【0071】
本発明転写シートを使用すれば、触媒層が多孔質の電極基材の中に入り込む虞れがないので、触媒層の膜厚調整が容易となり、また均一な触媒層を電極基材上に容易に形成させることができる。
【0072】
また、本発明転写シートを使用すれば、電極素材表面乃至内部の孔を塞ぐことはないので、ガスの通流性能を阻害する虞れがない。
【0073】
従って、本発明転写シートを用いて得られる電極−電解質膜接合体を使用すれば、発電効率が高く優れた電池性能、電池寿命等を備えた高品質の燃料電池を製造することができる。
【0074】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を掲げて、本発明をより一層明らかにする。
【0075】
実施例1(ペースト組成物の調製)
白金ルテニウム担持触媒(PtRu:54wt%、田中貴金属工業製のTEC61E54)10g及び水10gに分散機にて攪拌混合して、白金ルテニウム担持触媒の水分散液を調製した。
【0076】
上記で調製された水分散液にプロピレングリコール(キシダ化学製、沸点187℃)50g及び5wt%ナフィオン(Nafion)溶液(水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質、デュポン社製、溶剤:プロパノール)50gを配合し、分散機にて攪拌混合することで本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0077】
実施例2(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにエチレングリコール(キシダ化学製、沸点197℃)50gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0078】
実施例3(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにジエチレングリコール(キシダ化学製、沸点245℃)50gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0079】
実施例4(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにN−メチルピロリドン(キシダ化学製、沸点202℃)50gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0080】
実施例5(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにプロピレングリコール10g及び1−ブタノール(キシダ化学製、沸点117℃)40gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0081】
実施例6(ペースト組成物の調製)
5wt%ナフィオン(Nafion)溶液(水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質、デュポン社製、溶剤:プロパノール)にN−メチルピロリドン(キシダ化学製、沸点202℃)を加え、エバポレーターを用いてプロパノールを除去し、プロパノールを全てN−メチルピロリドンに置き換えた水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質溶液を調製した。
【0082】
白金ルテニウム担持触媒(PtRu:54wt%、田中貴金属工業製のTEC61E54)5g及び水10gに分散機にて攪拌混合して、白金ルテニウム担持触媒の水分散液を調製した。
【0083】
上記で調製された水分散液にN−メチルピロリドン(キシダ化学製、沸点202℃)50g及び上記で調製した水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質溶液50gを配合し、分散機にて攪拌混合することで本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0084】
実施例7(ペースト組成物の調製)
白金ルテニウム担持触媒(PtRu:54wt%、田中貴金属工業製のTEC61E54)5g及び水10gに分散機にて攪拌混合して、白金ルテニウム担持触媒の水分散液を調製した。
【0085】
上記で調製された水分散液にN−メチルピロリドン(キシダ化学製、沸点202℃)25g、1−ブタノール25g及び上記実施例6で調製した水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質溶液50gを配合し、分散機にて攪拌混合することで本発明のペースト組成物を調製した。
【0086】
比較例1(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル(キシダ化学製、沸点121℃)50gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして比較のためのペースト組成物を調製した。
【0087】
比較例2(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(キシダ化学製、沸点120℃)50gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして比較のためのペースト組成物を調製した。
【0088】
比較例3(ペースト組成物の調製)
プロピレングリコール50gの代わりにプロピレングリコール10g及び酢酸エチル(キシダ化学製、沸点77℃)40gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして比較のためのペースト組成物を調製した。
【0089】
実施例8(転写シートの製造)
PETフィルム(E3120、東洋紡績(株)製、厚さ12μm)上にカルナウバワックスのエマルジョン液(EMUSTAR−0199、日本精鑞製、液濃度:20wt%)を0.5〜1μm程度の厚さに片面塗工し、エマルジョン液を乾燥させ、PETフィルムの片面にカルナウバワックス層を形成させた。
【0090】
次にカルナウバワックス層の上に、上記実施例1で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を、ドクターブレードにより厚さ30μmとなるように塗布し、これを大気雰囲気中90℃で2時間乾燥させることにより触媒層を形成し、本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0091】
実施例9(転写シートの製造)
実施例2で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0092】
実施例10(転写シートの製造)
実施例3で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0093】
実施例11(転写シートの製造)
実施例4で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0094】
実施例12(転写シートの製造)
実施例5で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0095】
実施例13(転写シートの製造)
実施例6で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0096】
実施例14(転写シートの製造)
実施例7で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0097】
比較例4(転写シートの製造)
比較例1で調製したペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして比較のための転写シートを製造した。
【0098】
比較例5(転写シートの製造)
比較例2で調製したペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして比較のための転写シートを製造した。
【0099】
比較例6(転写シートの製造)
比較例3で調製したペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例8と同様にして比較のための転写シートを製造した。
【0100】
実施例15
PETフィルム(E3120、東洋紡績(株)製、厚さ12μm)の片面に、上記実施例1で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を、ドクターブレードにより厚さ30μmとなるように塗布し、これを大気雰囲気中90℃で2時間乾燥させることにより触媒層を形成し、本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0101】
実施例16(転写シートの製造)
実施例2で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0102】
実施例17(転写シートの製造)
実施例3で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0103】
実施例18(転写シートの製造)
実施例4で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0104】
実施例19(転写シートの製造)
実施例5で調製した本発明ペースト組成物を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様にして本発明の転写シートを製造した。
【0105】
試験例1
実施例8〜19及び比較例4〜6で得られた転写シートの性能を次の方法で調べた。
【0106】
各転写シートを10×10cmに切り出し、裏面より白色ライトを当て、転写シートの成膜状態を目視により観察した。該シートのクラック及びピンホールが5個以上観察された場合を×、5個未満の場合を○と評価した。
【0107】
また、熱プレス機を用い、温度135℃、プレス圧2MPaにて、各転写シートをナフィオン117膜(デュポン社製、厚さ175μm)に転写した。触媒層の移行が完全に行われた場合を○PETフィルム上に触媒層が一部でも残った場合を×と評価した。
【0108】
これらの結果を表1に示す。
【0109】
【表1】

Figure 2004311057

【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートの断面図である。
【図2】図2は、触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シートの平面図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer and a transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A fuel cell is a system in which catalyst layers are arranged on both sides of an electrolyte membrane and generates power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and only water is generated at the time of power generation. Fuel cells have attracted attention as next-generation clean energy systems because they do not generate environmentally harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, unlike conventional internal combustion engines.
[0003]
The polymer electrolyte fuel cell uses a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane as an electrolyte membrane layer, a catalyst layer is arranged on both sides thereof, and then an electrode substrate is arranged on both sides thereof, and this is sandwiched between separators. Has a structure. The catalyst layer is disposed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane layer, and then the electrode substrate is disposed on both sides (that is, the electrode substrate / catalyst layer / electrolyte membrane / catalyst layer / electrode substrate layer configuration) It is called an electrode-electrolyte membrane assembly.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a method for producing an electrode-electrolyte membrane assembly, for example, (1) two electrode substrates each having a catalyst layer formed by applying a printing method or a spray method to one surface, A method in which the layer surface is arranged so as to be in contact with both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane and hot pressing is performed (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-11818 (Patent Document 1), Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-61119 (Patent Document 2)), and (2) ) A method of forming a catalyst layer by applying a printing method or a spraying method to both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane, arranging the electrode substrate so as to be in contact with each catalyst layer surface, and hot pressing (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-48632). (Patent Document 3) and the like.
[0005]
Each of the paste compositions for forming a catalyst layer used in the above-mentioned various methods is obtained by dissolving or dispersing a carbon particle carrying a catalyst and a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte in a lower aliphatic alcohol.
[0006]
However, in such a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer, there is a risk that the catalyst and the lower aliphatic alcohol come into direct contact with each other and fire due to the activity of the catalyst. Therefore, when preparing the paste composition, the catalyst is dissolved or dispersed in water in advance, and a lower aliphatic alcohol is added to the catalyst to prevent direct contact between the catalyst and the lower aliphatic alcohol. Has been taken. However, taking such measures does not eliminate the risk of ignition at all. By increasing the ratio of water to the alcohol, the risk of ignition can be reduced.However, when the content of water is increased, the dispersibility of the catalyst during preparation of the paste composition becomes poor, and as a result, The performance of the catalyst layer formed using the paste composition is reduced.
[0007]
Patent Document 4 discloses a paste composition in which a high-boiling solvent such as 1-butanol, glycerin, or 2-ethoxyethanol is added to a suspension containing carbon particles carrying a catalyst and a proton conductive polymer electrolyte. I have.
[0008]
However, the paste compositions containing these high-boiling solvents have problems in terms of danger of ignition, dispersibility of the catalyst, and the like, and also have the disadvantage that cracks are generated in the formed catalyst layer. When cracks occur in the catalyst layer, battery life and performance are reduced.
[0009]
Patent Document 5 discloses that a suspension containing catalyst-supporting carbon particles and a proton conductive polymer electrolyte contains (a) a solvent having a boiling point of less than 60 ° C, (b) a solvent having a boiling point of 60 to 100 ° C, and (c) A) discloses a paste composition to which at least two kinds of solvents having a boiling point of more than 100 ° C. are added.
[0010]
However, the paste composition of Patent Document 5 has disadvantages such as cracks and pinholes occurring in the formed catalyst layer and deactivation of the catalyst layer.
[0011]
Patent Literature 6 discloses an electrode catalyst solution used for forming an electrode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and has an azeotropic solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water and azeotropic at a predetermined temperature or lower when formed into an aqueous solution (for example, a polyhydric alcohol). And the like are disclosed. In paragraph 0015 of the document, it is described that "dispersion of the catalyst-supporting carbon in an aqueous solution of the azeotropic solvent can prevent heat generation and ignition occurring when the catalyst-supporting carbon is dispersed in the solvent." I have.
[0012]
However, the dispersion solution described in this document has a risk that the catalyst will ignite when the catalyst-supporting carbon particles are dispersed in an aqueous solution of an azeotropic solvent, and thus the dispersion solution is not suitable for practical use.
[0013]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-B-62-61118 (pages 1-2)
[0014]
[Patent Document 2]
JP-B-62-61119 (pages 1-2)
[0015]
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-48632 (Claims)
[0016]
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-9-223503 (claims, paragraph 0006)
[0017]
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2001-160400 A (Claims)
[0018]
[Patent Document 6]
JP 2001-266901 A (claims, paragraph 0015)
[0019]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer substantially free from cracks, pinholes, and the like.
[0020]
An object of the present invention is to provide a paste composition having good dispersibility of a catalyst and having no risk of ignition.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has made intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, it has been found that a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer obtained by mixing a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte and a specific solvent with an aqueous dispersion of catalyst-supporting carbon particles can be a desired paste composition. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
1. The present invention provides a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer, comprising (1) an aqueous dispersion of catalyst-supporting carbon particles, and (2) a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte and (3) a solvent, wherein the solvent is propylene glycol; It is a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and N-methylpyrrolidone.
2. The present invention is the paste composition according to the above item 1, further comprising a monohydric alcohol solvent.
3. The present invention is the paste composition according to the above item 2, wherein the monohydric alcohol solvent is 1-butanol.
4. The present invention is a transfer sheet for manufacturing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate, which is obtained by applying the paste composition according to any one of the above 1 to 3 on a base material and drying to form a catalyst layer. .
5. The present invention is to apply a paste composition according to any one of the above 1 to 3, on a release layer of a substrate having a release layer formed on at least one side, and to form a catalyst layer by drying. Transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate.
6. The present invention is the transfer sheet as described in 5 above, wherein the release layer is made of wax having a melting point of 60 to 100 ° C.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Paste composition for forming catalyst layer
The paste composition for forming a catalyst layer of the present invention is obtained by blending (1) an aqueous dispersion of catalyst-supporting carbon particles with (2) a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte and (3) a solvent. The paste composition for forming a catalyst layer of the present invention preferably does not contain an electron beam-curable monomer and / or polymer.
[0023]
The catalyst-supporting carbon particles (1) are known.
[0024]
Examples of the catalyst include platinum and a platinum compound. Examples of the platinum compound include an alloy of platinum and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, palladium, nickel, molybdenum, iridium, iron and the like.
[0025]
The aqueous dispersion of the catalyst-supporting carbon particles is obtained by dispersing the catalyst-supporting carbon particles in water. In dispersing the catalyst-supporting carbon particles in water, known methods can be widely used.
[0026]
In the present invention, it is essential to disperse the catalyst-supporting carbon particles in water in advance. As a result, ignition of the catalyst can be substantially prevented.
[0027]
The hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte (2) is known.
[0028]
Examples of the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte include a perfluorosulfonic acid-based fluorine ion exchange resin.
[0029]
Specific examples of the perfluorosulfonic acid-based fluorine ion exchange resin include, for example, a polymerized unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) and a copolymer containing a polymerized unit based on perfluorovinyl ether having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid groups (—COOH).
[0030]
As the solvent of (3), at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and N-methylpyrrolidone (this solvent is hereinafter referred to as "solvent A") is used.
[0031]
In the case of performing drying efficiently, it is preferable to use a solvent having a low boiling point, which is an azeotropic phenomenon by a mixed solvent system composed of two or more kinds of organic solvents in consideration of a drying temperature. In the present invention, a mixed solvent of the solvent A and a monohydric alcohol solvent is more preferable.
[0032]
As the monohydric alcohol-based solvent, known alcohols can be widely used regardless of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Examples of such alcohols include alcohols having a boiling point of 120 ° C. or lower, more specifically, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and the like. The monohydric alcohol solvents are used singly or as a mixture of two or more. Among these alcohol solvents, 1-butanol is preferred.
[0033]
The monohydric alcohol solvent is usually used in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably about 0.6 to 4 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the solvent A.
[0034]
The proportion of the above components (1) to (3) contained in the paste composition for forming a catalyst layer of the present invention is not limited, and can be appropriately selected within a wide range.
[0035]
For example, in the paste composition for forming a catalyst layer of the present invention, the component (2) is about 33 to 300% by weight (preferably about 40 to 250% by weight) based on the catalyst-supporting carbon particles of (1), The component (4) preferably contains about 500 to 2000% by weight (preferably about 800 to 1500% by weight), and the remainder is water. The proportion of water is usually from 1 to 4 times the weight of the catalyst-supporting carbon particles.
[0036]
The paste composition of the present invention is produced by mixing the above components (1) to (3). The order of mixing the components (1) to (3) is not particularly limited. For example, the paste composition of the present invention can be prepared by sequentially or simultaneously mixing and dispersing the components (1), (2) and (3). Known mixing means can be widely applied to the mixing.
[0037]
Transfer sheet for producing catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate
The transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte laminate according to the present invention has a catalyst layer formed by applying the above paste composition on a substrate and drying the paste composition.
[0038]
The catalyst layer may be formed on one surface of the substrate, or may be formed on both surfaces of the substrate.
[0039]
Further, in the transfer sheet of the present invention, a plurality of catalyst layers, preferably a plurality of catalyst layers having the same shape, may be formed at regular intervals on one or both surfaces of the substrate.
[0040]
One example of a transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate of the present invention is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate according to the present invention.
[0041]
As the base material, for example, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypalvanic acid aramid, polyamide (nylon), polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyetherimide, polyarylate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc. Molecular films can be mentioned.
[0042]
In addition, heat resistance of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroperfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. A fluorocarbon resin can also be used.
[0043]
Further, in addition to the polymer film, the base material may be paper such as coated paper such as art paper, coated paper, and lightweight coated paper, and uncoated paper such as note paper and copy paper. Further, the substrate may be a sheet made of carbon fibers such as carbon cloth and carbon paper.
[0044]
The thickness of the base material is usually about 6 to 100 μm, preferably about 6 to 30 μm, and more preferably about 6 to 15 μm, from the viewpoint of handleability and economy.
[0045]
Therefore, as the base material, an inexpensive and easily available polymer film is preferable, and polyethylene terephthalate or the like is more preferable.
[0046]
The transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate of the present invention is produced by forming a coating film comprising the paste composition of the present invention on at least one surface of a substrate.
[0047]
In forming a coating film composed of the paste composition of the present invention on at least one surface of the substrate, the paste composition of the present invention is prepared according to a known method so that the formed coating film has a desired layer thickness. It is good to apply on the material.
[0048]
The method for applying the paste composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a general method such as a knife coater, a bar coater, a spray, a dip coater, a spin coater, a roll coater, a die coater, a curtain coater, and screen printing. Methods can be applied.
[0049]
The above method can be applied to the case where the catalyst layer is formed on a sheet made of carbon fibers. However, in this case, since the carbon fibers have surface irregularities and are difficult to apply uniformly, it is preferable to use an immersion method, brush coating, or the like.
[0050]
After applying the paste composition of the present invention, a coating film is formed by drying. The drying temperature is usually about 40 to 100 ° C, preferably about 60 to 80 ° C. The drying time depends on the drying temperature, but is generally about 5 minutes to 2 hours, preferably about 30 minutes to 1 hour.
[0051]
The thickness of the coating film is usually about 10 to 50 μm, preferably about 15 to 30 μm.
[0052]
In a preferred transfer sheet for producing an electrode-electrolyte membrane assembly according to the present invention, a catalyst layer is formed on at least one surface of a base material via a release layer.
[0053]
In the present invention, the release layer is made of, for example, wax. Specific examples of the wax include petroleum wax, vegetable wax, animal wax, mineral wax, and synthetic wax. The wax used in the present invention includes, for example, C16~ C32And esters of fatty acids with alcohols. In the present invention, these waxes are used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0054]
The wax used in the present invention preferably has a melting point of 60 to 140 ° C, more preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
[0055]
In the present invention, preferred waxes are vegetable waxes, and more preferred waxes are carnauba wax, candelilla wax and the like.
[0056]
The release layer may be made of a plastic film (for example, a film of polyethylene terephthalate or the like) coated with a known fluororesin.
[0057]
The thickness of the release layer is usually about 0.1 to 3 μm, preferably about 0.5 to 1 μm.
[0058]
In forming a release layer on a substrate, it is preferable to apply the wax in accordance with a known method so as to have a desired layer thickness. In order to facilitate the coating operation, the wax may be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent and used in the form of a solution or an emulsion. The application method is not particularly limited, and for example, a general method such as a knife coater, a bar coater, a spray, a dip coater, a spin coater, a roll coater, a die coater, a curtain coater, and screen printing can be applied.
[0059]
In addition, the release layer can be formed on the substrate by extruding the components constituting the release layer on the substrate by a known method.
[0060]
Catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate
In the catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate, catalyst layers are formed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane. In the catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate, a plurality of catalyst layers (preferably, a plurality of catalyst layers having the same shape) may be formed at regular intervals on both sides of the electrolyte membrane.
[0061]
The electrolyte membrane is a known one. The thickness of the electrolyte membrane is usually about 20 to 250 μm, preferably about 20 to 80 μm. Specific examples of the electrolyte membrane include “Nafion” membrane manufactured by DuPont, “Flemion” membrane manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., “Aciplex” membrane manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and “Gore Select” manufactured by Gore Corporation. And the like.
[0062]
The catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate of the present invention, for example, the transfer sheet is disposed such that the catalyst layer surface of the transfer sheet of the present invention faces the electrolyte membrane surface, and after pressing, the base material of the transfer sheet is removed from the catalyst layer surface. It is manufactured by peeling. By repeating this operation twice, a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate in which the catalyst layer surface is laminated on both sides of the electrolyte membrane is manufactured.
[0063]
In consideration of workability, it is preferable that the catalyst layer surface is simultaneously laminated on both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane. In this case, for example, the transfer sheet may be arranged so that the catalyst layer surface of the transfer sheet of the present invention faces both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane, and after pressing, the base material of the transfer sheet may be peeled off.
[0064]
The pressure level is usually about 0.5 to 20 Mpa, preferably about 1 to 10 Mpa in order to avoid transfer failure. In this pressing operation, it is preferable to heat the pressing surface in order to avoid transfer failure. The heating temperature is usually 200 ° C. or lower, preferably about 20 to 150 ° C., in order to avoid damage, denaturation, etc. of the electrolyte membrane.
[0065]
Electrode-electrolyte membrane assembly
The electrode-electrolyte membrane assembly is manufactured by arranging electrode bases on both surfaces of the catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate manufactured above and applying pressure.
[0066]
As the electrode base material, various kinds of electrode base materials constituting a fuel electrode and an air electrode can be used.
[0067]
The pressure level is usually about 0.1 to 100 Mpa, preferably about 5 to 15 Mpa. It is preferable to heat at the time of this pressing operation, and the heating temperature may be usually about 120 to 150 ° C.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the dispersibility of a catalyst is favorable and the paste composition which has no danger of ignition can be provided.
[0069]
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a paste composition for forming a catalyst layer substantially free from cracks, pinholes, and the like.
[0070]
If a transfer sheet obtained by using the paste composition of the present invention is used, a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate can be easily and efficiently manufactured.
[0071]
When the transfer sheet of the present invention is used, there is no possibility that the catalyst layer enters into the porous electrode substrate, so that the thickness of the catalyst layer can be easily adjusted and a uniform catalyst layer can be easily formed on the electrode substrate. Can be formed.
[0072]
Further, when the transfer sheet of the present invention is used, the holes on the surface or inside of the electrode material are not blocked, and there is no fear that the gas flow performance is hindered.
[0073]
Therefore, if an electrode-electrolyte membrane assembly obtained by using the transfer sheet of the present invention is used, a high-quality fuel cell having high power generation efficiency, excellent cell performance, excellent battery life, and the like can be manufactured.
[0074]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further clarified with reference to examples.
[0075]
Example 1 (Preparation of paste composition)
10 g of a platinum-ruthenium-supported catalyst (PtRu: 54 wt%, TEC61E54 manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo) and 10 g of water were stirred and mixed with a disperser to prepare an aqueous dispersion of a platinum-ruthenium-supported catalyst.
[0076]
50 g of propylene glycol (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 187 ° C.) and 50 g of a 5 wt% Nafion solution (hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte, manufactured by DuPont, solvent: propanol) are blended with the aqueous dispersion prepared above. The mixture was stirred and mixed with a disperser to prepare a paste composition of the present invention.
[0077]
Example 2 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 50 g of ethylene glycol (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 197 ° C.) was used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0078]
Example 3 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 50 g of diethylene glycol (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 245 ° C.) was used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0079]
Example 4 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 50 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., boiling point: 202 ° C.) was used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0080]
Example 5 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 g of propylene glycol and 40 g of 1-butanol (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 117 ° C.) were used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0081]
Example 6 (Preparation of paste composition)
To a 5 wt% Nafion solution (hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte, manufactured by DuPont, solvent: propanol) was added N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 202 ° C.), and propanol was removed using an evaporator. A hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte solution in which propanol was entirely replaced with N-methylpyrrolidone was prepared.
[0082]
5 g of a platinum-ruthenium-supported catalyst (PtRu: 54 wt%, TEC61E54 manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo) and 10 g of water were stirred and mixed with a disperser to prepare an aqueous dispersion of a platinum-ruthenium-supported catalyst.
[0083]
By mixing 50 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., boiling point: 202 ° C.) and 50 g of the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte solution prepared above with the aqueous dispersion prepared above, and stirring and mixing with a disperser. A paste composition of the present invention was prepared.
[0084]
Example 7 (Preparation of paste composition)
5 g of a platinum-ruthenium-supported catalyst (PtRu: 54 wt%, TEC61E54 manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo) and 10 g of water were stirred and mixed with a disperser to prepare an aqueous dispersion of a platinum-ruthenium-supported catalyst.
[0085]
25 g of N-methylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., boiling point: 202 ° C.), 25 g of 1-butanol and 50 g of the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte solution prepared in Example 6 were blended with the aqueous dispersion prepared above, and dispersed. The paste composition of the present invention was prepared by stirring and mixing with a machine.
[0086]
Comparative Example 1 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 50 g of ethylene glycol diethyl ether (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 121 ° C.) was used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0087]
Comparative Example 2 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 50 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (manufactured by Kishida Chemical, boiling point: 120 ° C.) was used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0088]
Comparative Example 3 (Preparation of paste composition)
A paste composition for comparison was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 g of propylene glycol and 40 g of ethyl acetate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., boiling point: 77 ° C.) were used instead of 50 g of propylene glycol.
[0089]
Example 8 (production of transfer sheet)
On a PET film (E3120, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness: 12 μm), an emulsion liquid of carnauba wax (EMUSTAR-0199, manufactured by Nippon Seisaku, liquid concentration: 20 wt%) having a thickness of about 0.5 to 1 μm. And the emulsion was dried to form a carnauba wax layer on one side of the PET film.
[0090]
Next, the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 1 above is applied on the carnauba wax layer by a doctor blade so as to have a thickness of 30 μm, and dried at 90 ° C. in an air atmosphere for 2 hours. To form a catalyst layer, thereby producing a transfer sheet of the present invention.
[0091]
Example 9 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 2 was used.
[0092]
Example 10 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 3 was used.
[0093]
Example 11 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 4 was used.
[0094]
Example 12 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 5 was used.
[0095]
Example 13 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 6 was used.
[0096]
Example 14 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 7 was used.
[0097]
Comparative Example 4 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet for comparison was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition prepared in Comparative Example 1 was used.
[0098]
Comparative Example 5 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet for comparison was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition prepared in Comparative Example 2 was used.
[0099]
Comparative Example 6 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet for comparison was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the paste composition prepared in Comparative Example 3 was used.
[0100]
Example 15
One side of a PET film (E3120, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness: 12 μm) is coated with the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 1 above by a doctor blade so as to have a thickness of 30 μm. The catalyst layer was formed by drying at 90 ° C. for 2 hours in an atmosphere to produce a transfer sheet of the present invention.
[0101]
Example 16 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 2 was used.
[0102]
Example 17 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 3 was used.
[0103]
Example 18 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 15, except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 4 was used.
[0104]
Example 19 (production of transfer sheet)
A transfer sheet of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the paste composition of the present invention prepared in Example 5 was used.
[0105]
Test example 1
The performance of the transfer sheets obtained in Examples 8 to 19 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 was examined by the following method.
[0106]
Each transfer sheet is 10 × 10cm2And a white light was applied from the back surface, and the film formation state of the transfer sheet was visually observed. The case where 5 or more cracks and pinholes were observed in the sheet was evaluated as x, and the case where less than 5 cracks and pinholes were observed was evaluated as ○.
[0107]
Each transfer sheet was transferred to a Nafion 117 film (manufactured by DuPont, thickness: 175 μm) at a temperature of 135 ° C. and a press pressure of 2 MPa using a hot press machine. The case where the transfer of the catalyst layer was completely performed was evaluated as x when the catalyst layer was partially left on the PET film.
[0108]
Table 1 shows the results.
[0109]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004311057

[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate.

Claims (6)

(1)触媒担持炭素粒子の水分散液に(2)水素イオン伝導性高分子電解質及び(3)溶剤を配合した触媒層形成用ペースト組成物であって、溶剤がプロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール及びN−メチルピロリドンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である触媒層形成用ペースト組成物。A paste composition for forming a catalyst layer comprising (1) an aqueous dispersion of catalyst-carrying carbon particles and (2) a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte and (3) a solvent, wherein the solvent is propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, or diethylene glycol. And at least one selected from the group consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone. 一価のアルコール系溶剤を更に含有する請求項1に記載のペースト組成物。The paste composition according to claim 1, further comprising a monohydric alcohol solvent. 一価アルコール系溶剤が1−ブタノールである請求項2に記載のペースト組成物。The paste composition according to claim 2, wherein the monohydric alcohol solvent is 1-butanol. 基材上に、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を塗布し、乾燥することにより触媒層を形成させてなる触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シート。A transfer sheet for producing a catalyst layer-electrolyte membrane laminate, wherein a paste layer is formed by applying the paste composition according to claim 1 on a substrate and drying the paste composition. 少なくとも一方に離型層が形成された基材の離型層上に、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を塗布し、乾燥することにより触媒層を形成させてなる触媒層−電解質膜積層体製造用転写シート。A catalyst layer formed by applying the paste composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on a release layer of a substrate having a release layer formed on at least one side and drying to form a catalyst layer. -A transfer sheet for producing an electrolyte membrane laminate. 離型層が融点60〜100℃のワックスからなる請求項5に記載の転写シート。The transfer sheet according to claim 5, wherein the release layer comprises a wax having a melting point of 60 to 100C.
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