JP2004305040A - Method for cultivating vegetable having health function through regulation of cultivation environment, and cultivation establishment for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating vegetables having health function through regulation of cultivation environment, by which the content of functional components such as vitamin C and/or tocopherol in vegetables can be increased and regulated; and to provide a cultivation establishment for performing the method. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating vegetables having health function comprises covering vegetables with a light-transmitting panel or sheet, and cultivating the vegetables in a culture bed. In the method, liquid fertilizer having a concentration of 0.25-0.75 or 1.5-2.0 times that of a standard culture solution determined in Horticultural Research Station is applied to the vegetables when cultivating the vegetables so as to increase the content of functional components contained in leaf vegetables. In the method, ultraviolet irradiation to the vegetables results in increasing the content of functional components in the vegetables. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、栽培する野菜について、ビタミンＣ、トコフェロール等の機能性成分含量を調節することができる栽培手段としては、前記したように、基本的には培養液調整手段と紫外線照射手段とがあるので、まず最初に培養液調整手段に関して説明する。
【００１５】
本発明では、その養液栽培に使用する培養液の組成がその野菜の成分の割合に大きく影響を与えるものである。養液栽培に使用する培養液としては、通常園芸試験場標準培養液（以下、「園試処方」という）が標準的に使用されている。従来は、培養液としてはこのような公の機関で発表された培養液を使用することが栽培に最も適していると考えられてきた。これは、このような培養液が多くの栽培試験結果を経てきているからであるが、本発明者らの研究によれば、野菜の施設栽培においては、機能性成分を調整できるような栽培に関しては、意外にも園試処方の培養液でなく、その組成が園試処方から外れた組成の培養液を用いると良い結果が得られることを見いだしたのである。
【００１６】
すなわち、本発明は、培養液として、その園芸試験場標準培養液でなく、その濃度がより低い或る範囲の濃度のもの、またその濃度がより高い或る範囲の濃度のものを培養液として使用すると、機能性成分の含有量がより大きい葉菜を得ることができるのである。
その培養液の濃度の範囲は、具体的には、園芸試験場標準培養液処方の０．２５〜０．７５倍、あるいは１．５〜２．０倍の濃度である。具体的には、コマツナの栽培において、前記の成分範囲においてその成分変動がみられた。園試処方は、Ｎ：１６ｍｅｑ／リットル、Ｐ：４ｍｅｑ／リットル、Ｋ：８ｍｅｑ／リットル、Ｃａ：８ｍｅｑ／リットル、Ｍｇ：４ｍｅｑ／リットルであるが、本発明で用いる培養液の濃度の範囲を、各肥料成分についてその濃度で示すと、第２表に示すとおりである。
【００１７】
【表２】

【００１８】
従来においても、培養液として各種の組成を有するものがあるが、野菜類の栽培に関して園試処方についてこのようにしたものはない。園試処方自体もその植物の生育段階により、その濃度を調節して用いるのが通例であるが、収穫までの培養液としてこのような標準処方を変えたものはない。また、ホウレンソウのような代表的な野菜について、園試処方以外に山崎処方とか愛知農総試処方が知られているが、本発明で採用する園試処方の何倍という範囲の中に直接入るものはない。
【００１９】
また、紫外線照射手段の基本的なところは、栽培において野菜の頂部から１０ｃｍ〜２０ｃｍより上方から、一般的には１５ｃｍ上方から紫外線を照射することにより、野菜中に含まれる栄養成分、特にビタミンＣ、トコフェロール等の含量を調節することができるようにしたものである。その実施に当たっては、前記機能性成分の含量が所定の範囲の量になるように、紫外線の照射量や照射時間を調整するものである。この手段は野菜の中でも葉菜類に対して有効である。
実際の栽培方法及び栽培施設においては、栽培施設内に紫外線照射装置を、野菜の頂部から１０ｃｍ〜２０ｃｍ上部に、一般的には１５ｃｍ上部に野菜の成長にあわせて調節可能に設置することにより行うものである。これは、野菜の頂部と人工紫外線源との間隔が１０ｃｍ以下では、光源の放射熱により野菜の品質が低下し、一方２０ｃｍ以上では、紫外線照射効果が小さくなるからである。
【００２０】
なお、本発明における人工紫外線照射は、従来栽培施設において用いられてきた、空気の殺菌や殺虫のために用いられている殺菌灯や殺虫灯で出る紫外線照射とは異なるものであり、葉菜に対して行なわれるものである。また、水耕栽培など、水媒法の養液において、紫外線による殺菌が行なわれているものとは異なるものである。本発明における人工紫外線照射による栽培方法は、コマツナに対して効果があるが、その他の野菜についても有効である。
【００２１】
本発明では、その具体化手段の一つとしては、健康線用蛍光ランプを使用することが好ましい。健康線用蛍光ランブの分光分布は、図１に示す通り、３１５μｍにピークを有し、波長２５０〜４００μｍに主分布を有するものである。紫外線源としては、この外に高圧又は低圧水銀灯、炭素アーク灯、石英水銀灯などが挙げられるが、費用と効果の関係から、経済的には前記の健康線用蛍光ランブが格別に優れている。
【００２２】
次に、本発明を実施するのに用いる移動型紫外線照射装置の具体例を説明する。
第１の例は、レール上を移動する台車の下に紫外線照射ランプを取り付けた形式の紫外線照射装置である。これは、図８に示すように、内部に培地２を収容し、植物３を植えた細長い栽培ベッド１の両側にレール４を敷設し、栽培ベッド１を跨いで紫外線照射台車５をその脚部に設けた車輪７を前記レール４に載せて移動可能にしたものである。紫外線照射ランプ６を紫外線照射台車５の下面に設けて、植物３に直接紫外線を照射できるようになっている。紫外線照射台車５は、レール４に沿って張られたケーブル移動用ワイヤー１２に支持されたケーブル１１から集電装置１０に受けた電力を制御盤９で制御して駆動用モータ８を回転させて車輪７を動かすことにより、移動させることができる。
【００２３】
第２の例は、上方に設けたレールに移動できる支持体に紫外線照射ランプを吊り下げた形式の紫外線照射装置である。これは、図９に示すように、内部に培地２を収容し、植物３を植えた細長い栽培ベッド１の上方に、栽培ベッド１に沿ってレール４を設け、前記レール４上に移動できる支持体１５を載せ、前記支持体１５はその車輪７が前記レール４に乗っており、前記支持体１５から吊り金具１４で紫外線照射装置１３が吊り下げられている。そして、紫外線照射装置１３の下面には紫外線照射ランプ６が設けられて、植物３に直接紫外線を照射できるようになっている。前記支持体１５にはケーブル１１からの給電により動く駆動用モータ８が設けられ、駆動用モータ８の駆動により車輪７が回転して、レール４上を移動することにより、紫外線照射装置１３が栽培ベッド１の上を移動できるようになっている。
【００２４】
【実施例】
以下実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。ただし本発明は、使用培地も含めこの実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【００２５】
実施例１
昼間温度２５℃、夜間温度２０℃、昼間時間１２時間、炭酸ガス１０００ｐｐｍ施用の人工気象室内に、栽培床の培地として軽石を使用し、培養液として園試処方を基準にした液体肥料を底面給水方式で施肥した。
その際、液体肥料としては、液肥濃度が園試処方の０．２５倍、０．５倍、０．７５倍、１．０倍、１．５倍、２．０倍の６種の液体肥料を調製し、播種後のコマツナ１５株ずつを１群として、それぞれに濃度の異なった液体肥料をそれぞれを施肥することによりコマツナを栽培した。
【００２６】
（実験結果）
栽培日数３０日目に収穫し、各群のコマツナについて最大葉長、ビタミンＣの量、α−トコフェロールの量をそれぞれ測定した。最大葉長はコマツナ１株中の葉で最大の長さをもつ葉の長さであって、１５株の平均値である。また、ビタミンＣの量及びα−トコフェロールの量はコマツナ１００ｇ中の含有量（単位ｍｇ）である。
これらの栽培結果について液肥濃度との関係を図１〜３に示す。図１は、コマツナの最大葉長を示すグラフであり、図２は、コマツナのビタミンＣの含量を示すグラフであり、図３は、コマツナのα−トコフェロール含量を示すグラフである。
【００２７】
（実験結果の評価）
（１）最大葉長への影響
コマツナの最大葉長は、液肥濃度によってはさほど影響を受けず、０．５倍、０．７５倍、１．５倍は１．０倍の場合とほとんど変らない。しかし、０．２５倍及び２．０倍ではかなり小さくなった。
（２）ビタミンＣ含量への影響
しかしながら、ビタミンＣの含量については、液肥濃度が０．７５倍の場合には５０ｍｇ／１００ｇと、１．０倍の場合の４０ｍｇ／１００ｇよりも２０％程度の増加であるが、０．５倍の場合には８０ｍｇ／１００ｇと１００％増大し、０．２５倍の場合には約７０ｍｇ／１００ｇと７５％増大した。また、液肥濃度を濃くする方向でも、１．５倍の場合には約５５ｍｇ／１００ｇと、２．０倍の場合には約５３ｍｇ／１００ｇと増大しているので、液肥濃度は有意差があるといえる。
【００２８】
（３）α−トコフェロール含量への影響
また、α−トコフェロール含量については、液肥濃度が０．７５倍の場合には０．２ｍｇ／１００ｇと、１．０倍の場合と同程度であるが、０．５倍の場合には０．９ｍｇ／１００ｇと増大し、０．２５倍の場合には２．０ｍｇ／１００ｇと非常に増大した。また、液肥濃度を濃くする方向でも、１．５倍の場合には０．２ｍｇ／１００ｇと、１．０倍の場合と同程度であるが、２．０倍の場合には１．１ｍｇ／１００ｇと増大したので、液肥濃度は有意差があるといえる。
【００２９】
以上の試験結果に示すように、液肥濃度がコマツナの成長及び成分含量に影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。生育は園試処方の０・５倍程度から１．５倍程度で良好である。ビタミンＣ、α−トコフェロールについては液肥濃度の調整によりその含量を大きく高めることが可能であることが分かった。
このことから、栽培条件の一つとして液肥濃度を調整することにより、野菜中の機能性成分などの含量をコントロールすることが可能であるといえる。
【００３０】
実施例２及び比較例１
昼間温度２５℃、夜間温度２０℃、昼間時間１２時間、炭酸ガス１０００ｐｐｍ施用の人工気象室内に、栽培床の培地として軽石を使用し、養液として大塚化学の液体肥料の大塚Ａ処方の１／２濃度の希釈液肥を底面給水方式で施肥し、播種後２０日のコマツナに、１日５分間午前中にコマツナの頂部から１５ｃｍ距離をあけた位置から収穫日（播種後３０日）まで健康線用蛍光ランプを用いて紫外線照射を行った（実施例２）。前記健康線用蛍光ランプは、３１０ｎｍに最大吸収をもつＵＶ−Ｂ波を照射するもので、出力は２０ｗのものを４本使用した。
紫外線照射を行わなかった以外は、上記と全く同一条件で栽培を行ったものを比較例１とした。
収穫したコマツナのビタミンＣ含量を各５個について比較したところ、紫外線無照射の比較例１で１１０ｍｇ／１００ｇであったのに比べて、実施例２のコマツナでは最大約１．４倍（１５５ｍｇ／１００ｇ）に増加していた。
【００３１】
実施例３
実施例２と同様の栽培施設で、かつ同様な栽培条件で播種後のコマツナ１５株ずつを１群として、それぞれに照射時間、照射距離等を変えて人工紫外線照射を行なった。栽培期間はすべて同じ３０日とした。
照射開始日から収穫日まで毎日照射するので、照射開始日が１５日目であれば１５日照射、２５日目であれば５日照射ということになる。紫外線照射条件としては、距離としてはコマツナの頂点から紫外線ランプまでの距離で決めることとし、コマツナの成長を阻害するので、１５ｃｍと２０ｃｍとの２種類とした。
これに、対照として、同じコマツナ１５株を同様に栽培し、これには人工紫外線照射をしなかった。
【００３２】
（実験結果）
栽培日数３０日目に収穫し、各群のコマツナについて新鮮重、最大葉長、α−トコフェロールの量をそれぞれ測定した。新鮮重は、収穫直後のコマツナ１株当たりの重量であり、最大葉長はコマツナ１株中の葉で最大の長さをもつ葉の長さであって、いずれも１５株の平均値である。またα−トコフェロールの量はコマツナ１００ｇ中の含有量（単位ｍｇ）である。
これらの栽培結果を図５〜７に示す。図５は、紫外線処理したコマツナの新鮮重を示すグラフであり、図６は、紫外線処理したコマツナの最大葉長を示すグラフであり、図７は、紫外線処理したコマツナのα−トコフェロール含量を示すグラフである。
【００３３】
（実験結果の評価）
（１）新鮮重への影響
紫外線照射により、新鮮重は若干抑えられる傾向がみられた。但し、生育後期から照射を行なった場合には、非照射（対照）の場合との差が小さくなる。
（２）最大葉長への影響
同様の条件において、最大葉長も同じく抑えられる傾向が見られた。
（３）α−トコフェロール含量への影響
しかしながら、α−トコフェロール含量については、２０ｃｍの距離から１５日間照射した場合に、非照射（対照）の場合に比して３０％程度増加する結果が得られた。
【００３４】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、野菜の施設栽培において、野菜中に含まれる栄養成分、特に健康維持、疾病の症状改善、疾病予防に効果のあるビタミンＣ、トコフェロール等の機能性成分の含量の変化（増加）を促すことができる。
特に、本発明によれば、コマツナの施設栽培において、それが含有する機能性成分の含量の増大を図り、或いは必要な含量をもつものを栽培により得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】液肥濃度がコマツナの生育に及ぼす影響を表すグラフを示す。
【図２】液肥濃度がコマツナのビタミンＣ成分含量に及ぼす影響を表すグラフを示す。
【図３】液肥濃度がコマツナのα−トコフェロール含量に及ぼす影響を表すグラフを示す。
【図４】本発明に使用した健康線用蛍光ランプの分光分布グラフである。
【図５】実施例３における紫外線処理したコマツナの新鮮重を示すグラフである。
【図６】実施例３における紫外線処理したコマツナの最大葉長を示すグラフである。
【図７】実施例３における紫外線処理したコマツナのα−トコフェロール含量を示すグラフである。
【図８】本発明を実施するのに用いる、レール上を移動する台車を用いる移動型紫外線照射装置の斜視図を示す。
【図９】本発明を実施するのに用いる、上のレールから吊り下げた紫外線照射装置を栽培ベッド上を移動させる移動型紫外線照射装置の斜視図を示す。
【符号の説明】
１ 栽培ベッド
２ 培地
３ 植物
４ レール
５ 紫外線照射台車
６ 紫外線照射ランプ
７ 車輪
８ 駆動用モータ
９ 制御盤
１０ 集電装置
１１ ケーブル
１２ ケーブル移動用ワイヤー
１３ 紫外線照射装置
１４ 吊り金具
１５ 支持体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cultivation method and a cultivation facility for cultivating vegetables such as komatsuna, and more particularly to a cultivation method and cultivation capable of adjusting the nutrients of vegetables such as vitamin C, tocopherol, and polyphenols, and the functional component content of the components. The present invention relates to a facility and an ultraviolet irradiation device used for the facility.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In facility cultivation using greenhouses and greenhouses, cultivation in which crops are cultivated by covering with a glass plate or sheet-like or plate-like vinyl resin material that is a light-transmitting plate or sheet in order to prepare a growing environment for crops The facility is built to maintain the temperature inside the facility properly and eliminate the effects of rain and wind.In general, to prevent plant damage due to the low temperature in winter and to eliminate growth inhibition, The cultivation room is heated.
Furthermore, in the case of facility cultivation of high-grade crops, some plants are equipped with a cooling device in addition to a heater to keep the temperature inside the facility always appropriate.
[0003]
As a means for adjusting the temperature in the facility, a method of burning oil or gas and directly introducing the high-temperature exhaust gas into the facility, or a method of providing a radiator along the inner wall of the facility were common.
Also, in the cultivation facility, as for the sunshine necessary for cultivation of the crop, the partition around the facility is made of a transparent glass plate or vinyl sheet as described above, and the sunlight is transmitted therethrough. ing. Further, a water injection device for the culture medium is provided for supplying necessary water.
Institutional cultivation like this makes it easier to maintain the cultivation environment in the most suitable conditions for the growth of the crop than in the natural cultivation environment, and cultivates and harvests the desired crop regardless of the season. In areas where there are four seasons and the year-round weather fluctuation is large, it is an excellent means of supplying stable vegetables and can be shipped in the off-season when the supply of crops from open-field cultivation is decreasing, so the unit price of harvested vegetables is high and Productivity is high because the environment is properly maintained (Non-Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Non-patent document 1]
Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology, Vol. 25, No. 9 (2002), pp. 18-22
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the conventional facility cultivation, the cultivation environment can be appropriately maintained, for example, by maintaining an appropriate temperature for preparing the growing environment of the crop and eliminating the effects of rainfall and wind.
However, in facility cultivation using greenhouses or greenhouses, short-wavelength light such as ultraviolet light contained in sunlight, which is indispensable for the production of nutrients in crops, for example, vegetables, is irradiated with glass plates, sheets, or plates. There is a problem in that the content of nutrient components and functional components in vegetables is reduced. In particular, in winter and summer when light quantity is low, even in areas where light quantity is small, deterioration in quality as well as decrease in vegetable yield has become a serious problem.
[0006]
On the other hand, looking at current trends in vegetable production, it is common practice to produce vegetables in large quantities that exceed a certain standard. In other words, there is a strong tendency toward mass production similar to the production of industrial products. And the standard of vegetables usually focuses on standardization of color, shape, gloss, and degree of roll (cucumber, eggplant, etc.).
In other words, as a product, there is a tendency that the larger the weight, the higher the quality of the product.It is guaranteed that the product will be distributed and sold. And the component content is often neglected. In other words, the current situation is that vegetables are grown with emphasis on the merits of producers and distribution retailers.
[0007]
However, in recent years, there has been a growing demand for vegetables that contain sufficient health functional components such as vitamin C, tocopherol, and polyphenol, which are attracting attention for health.
For example, in order to prevent cancer, which is still the most common cause of death, it is recommended to consume a large amount of vegetables due to the effects of its nutritional components.
However, over vegetables can be harmful in some cases. As an example, when the nitrate ion content in vegetables is high due to fertilizer cultivation, nitrate ions in the body become nitrite ions, which react with the degradation products of proteins in other foods to produce the carcinogen nitrosamine Have been reported.
In this case, ingestion of the same amount of vegetables as in the past and having a high content of functional components would be very useful for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and for a vegetable obtained by cultivation, a cultivation method and a facility capable of adjusting the content of a functional component, and an ultraviolet irradiation device used therein. The purpose is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and conducted various studies on means for increasing the amount of health functional components in vegetables for vegetables in facility cultivation for cultivating vegetables. It has been found that the amount of the functional component in the vegetable increases when a liquid whose composition is set to a specific range is used, or when a means for cultivating by irradiating artificial ultraviolet rays is employed. And when these means are adjusted so that the amount of the functional component may be in a predetermined range, it has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved, and the present invention has been completed based on such findings.
[0010]
That is, the present invention can adjust the amount of functional components in vegetables as compared with conventional facility cultivation, and has the following configuration.
(1) In a method of cultivating a vegetable covered with a light-transmitting plate or sheet and cultivated on a cultivation floor, 0.25 to 0.75 times the standard culture solution of a horticultural test site or 1 as a liquid fertilizer to be supplied at the time of cultivation. A vegetable cultivation method characterized by increasing the content of functional components in leafy vegetables by using a liquid fertilizer having a concentration of 0.5 to 2.0 times.
(2) A method for cultivating a vegetable covered with a light-transmitting plate or sheet and cultivated on a cultivation floor, wherein the content of the functional component in the vegetable is increased by irradiating the vegetable with artificial ultraviolet rays. Cultivation method of vegetables with health functionality.
(3) The method for cultivating vegetables according to (2), wherein the artificial ultraviolet irradiation is performed using ultraviolet light having a peak at 315 μm from a health lamp for a health ray and having a main distribution at a wavelength of 250 to 400 μm. .
(4) The vegetable cultivation method according to (2) or (3), wherein the vegetable is komatsuna.
[0011]
(5) A cultivation facility in which an artificial ultraviolet irradiation device for vegetables is arranged 10 cm to 20 cm above the top of the vegetables.
(6) In a system for growing vegetables by intermittently applying ultraviolet rays to vegetables, a movable ultraviolet irradiation apparatus characterized in that irradiation is performed while moving an ultraviolet irradiation lamp.
(7) The mobile ultraviolet irradiation apparatus according to the above (6), wherein an ultraviolet irradiation lamp is attached to a carriage running on rails installed at both ends of a cultivation row having a fixed width on which vegetables are planted.
(8) A mobile ultraviolet ray according to (6), wherein a rail is laid in an upper space of a cultivation row having a fixed width in which vegetables are planted, and an ultraviolet ray irradiation lamp is suspended from the rail and is moved while moving. Irradiation device.
(9) The mobile ultraviolet irradiation apparatus according to the above (7) or (8), wherein the vegetable is grown by hydroponic cultivation, and the cultivation row of the vegetable is a cultivation bed of hydroponic cultivation.
[0012]
In the present invention, the cultivation environment is controlled in the cultivation of vegetables to increase the functional components for the health of the vegetables or to adjust the amount thereof to a preferable range. By the way, there are many control factors of the cultivation environment, but there are not so many factors suitable for adjusting functional components for the health of vegetables.
In fact, the difficulty of controlling the cultivation environment control factor is also one of the major factors. Table 1 shows the environmental control factors in the studied soil cultivation, house soil cultivation, and house nutrient solution / hydroponics.
[0013]
[Table 1]

[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, as for the cultivation means capable of adjusting the content of functional components such as vitamin C and tocopherol with respect to the vegetables to be cultivated, basically, as described above, the culture solution adjustment means and the ultraviolet irradiation means are used. First, the culture solution adjusting means will be described.
[0015]
In the present invention, the composition of the culture solution used for the hydroponic cultivation greatly affects the ratio of the components of the vegetable. As a culture solution used for hydroponic cultivation, a standard culture solution for a horticultural test site (hereinafter, referred to as “horizon trial formulation”) is generally used as a standard. Conventionally, it has been considered that the use of a culture solution published by such a public institution as the culture solution is most suitable for cultivation. This is because such a culture solution has undergone many cultivation test results. According to the study of the present inventors, in a facility cultivation of vegetables, cultivation in which functional components can be adjusted is performed. With regard to, surprisingly, it has been found that good results can be obtained by using a culture solution having a composition deviating from the garden test formulation instead of the culture solution of the garden test formulation.
[0016]
That is, the present invention uses, as a culture solution, not a standard culture solution of the horticultural test center but a certain concentration having a lower concentration and a certain concentration having a higher concentration. Then, leafy vegetables having a higher content of the functional component can be obtained.
Specifically, the range of the concentration of the culture solution is 0.25 to 0.75 times, or 1.5 to 2.0 times the concentration of the standard culture solution formulation of the Horticultural Experiment Station. Specifically, in the cultivation of Komatsuna, component fluctuation was observed in the above component range. The horticultural test formulations are N: 16 meq / liter, P: 4 meq / liter, K: 8 meq / liter, Ca: 8 meq / liter, and Mg: 4 meq / liter, and the range of the concentration of the culture solution used in the present invention is as follows. The concentration of each fertilizer component is as shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Table 2]

[0018]
Conventionally, there is a culture solution having various compositions, but there is no culture solution for cultivating vegetables. It is customary to adjust the concentration of the horticultural test formulation according to the growth stage of the plant, but there is no such standard formulation as a culture solution until harvesting. In addition, for typical vegetables such as spinach, besides the horizontal prescription, the Yamazaki prescription and the Aichi agricultural total prescription are known, but they fall directly into the range of many times the horticultural prescription used in the present invention. There is nothing.
[0019]
In addition, the basic part of the ultraviolet irradiation means is that the cultivation is performed by irradiating ultraviolet rays from above the top of the vegetables 10 cm to 20 cm from the top of the vegetables, generally 15 cm above, so that the nutrients contained in the vegetables, especially vitamin C , Tocopherol and the like can be controlled. In carrying out the method, the irradiation amount and irradiation time of ultraviolet rays are adjusted so that the content of the functional component falls within a predetermined range. This method is effective for leafy vegetables among vegetables.
In an actual cultivation method and cultivation facility, an ultraviolet irradiation device is installed in the cultivation facility at a position 10 cm to 20 cm above the top of the vegetable, generally 15 cm above the vegetable so as to be adjustable according to the growth of the vegetable. Things. This is because when the distance between the top of the vegetable and the artificial ultraviolet light source is 10 cm or less, the quality of the vegetable is degraded by the radiant heat of the light source, and when it is 20 cm or more, the ultraviolet irradiation effect is reduced.
[0020]
The artificial ultraviolet irradiation in the present invention is different from ultraviolet irradiation emitted by a germicidal lamp or insecticidal lamp used for sterilization of air or insecticide, which has been conventionally used in cultivation facilities. This is what is done. Further, in a nutrient solution of a water medium method such as hydroponic cultivation, the solution is different from a solution which is sterilized by ultraviolet rays. The cultivation method by artificial ultraviolet irradiation in the present invention is effective for komatsuna, but is also effective for other vegetables.
[0021]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a health ray fluorescent lamp as one of the concrete means. As shown in FIG. 1, the spectral distribution of the health line fluorescent lamp has a peak at 315 μm and a main distribution at a wavelength of 250 to 400 μm. Other examples of the ultraviolet light source include a high-pressure or low-pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a quartz mercury lamp, and the like, and the cost-effectiveness of the above-mentioned fluorescent lamp for health rays is particularly excellent.
[0022]
Next, a specific example of a mobile ultraviolet irradiation apparatus used to carry out the present invention will be described.
The first example is an ultraviolet irradiation device of a type in which an ultraviolet irradiation lamp is attached below a carriage moving on a rail. As shown in FIG. 8, a rail 4 is laid on both sides of an elongated cultivation bed 1 in which a culture medium 2 is accommodated and a plant 3 is planted, and an ultraviolet irradiation cart 5 is mounted on the cultivation bed 1 with its legs as shown in FIG. Is mounted on the rail 4 so as to be movable. An ultraviolet irradiation lamp 6 is provided on a lower surface of the ultraviolet irradiation cart 5 so that the plant 3 can be directly irradiated with ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet irradiation cart 5 controls the power received by the current collector 10 from the cable 11 supported by the cable moving wire 12 stretched along the rail 4 by the control panel 9 to rotate the driving motor 8. The wheels 7 can be moved by moving them.
[0023]
A second example is an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus of a type in which an ultraviolet irradiation lamp is suspended on a support that can move on a rail provided above. As shown in FIG. 9, a rail 4 is provided along the cultivation bed 1 above the elongated cultivation bed 1 in which the medium 2 is accommodated and the plant 3 is planted, and the support can be moved on the rail 4. A body 15 is placed on the support 15, and the wheels 7 of the support 15 are mounted on the rails 4, and the ultraviolet irradiation device 13 is suspended from the support 15 by hanging brackets 14. An ultraviolet irradiation lamp 6 is provided on the lower surface of the ultraviolet irradiation device 13 so that the plant 3 can be directly irradiated with ultraviolet light. The support body 15 is provided with a drive motor 8 that is moved by power supply from the cable 11. The drive of the drive motor 8 causes the wheels 7 to rotate and move on the rails 4, thereby cultivating the ultraviolet irradiation device 13. It can be moved on the bed 1.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to only this example, including the medium used.
[0025]
Example 1
In a climate chamber with daytime temperature of 25 ° C, nighttime temperature of 20 ° C, daytime of 12 hours, and carbon dioxide gas applied at 1000 ppm, pumice was used as a culture medium for cultivation floor, and liquid fertilizer based on garden test prescription was supplied as a culture solution. Fertilized in a formula.
At that time, as liquid fertilizers, there are six kinds of liquid fertilizers whose liquid fertilizer concentration is 0.25 times, 0.5 times, 0.75 times, 1.0 times, 1.5 times, and 2.0 times of horticultural test prescription. Was prepared, and 15 strains of Komatsuna were sown after seeding, and liquid fertilizers having different concentrations were applied to each group to cultivate Komatsuna.
[0026]
(Experimental result)
Harvested on the 30th day of cultivation, the maximum leaf length, the amount of vitamin C, and the amount of α-tocopherol were measured for Komatsuna in each group. The maximum leaf length is the length of the leaf having the largest length among the leaves in one strain of Komatsuna, and is the average value of 15 strains. The amount of vitamin C and the amount of α-tocopherol are the contents (unit: mg) in 100 g of Komatsuna.
The relationship between these cultivation results and the liquid fertilizer concentration is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the maximum leaf length of Komatsuna, FIG. 2 is a graph showing the vitamin C content of Komatsuna, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing the α-tocopherol content of Komatsuna.
[0027]
(Evaluation of experimental results)
(1) Influence on the maximum leaf length The maximum leaf length of Komatsuna is not significantly affected by the concentration of liquid fertilizer, and 0.5 times, 0.75 times and 1.5 times are almost the same as those of 1.0 times. Absent. However, at 0.25 times and 2.0 times, it was considerably smaller.
(2) Influence on vitamin C content However, the content of vitamin C is about 50% / 100 g when the liquid fertilizer concentration is 0.75 times, and about 20% than 40 mg / 100 g when the liquid fertilizer concentration is 1.0 times. As for the increase, a 0.5-fold increase was 80 mg / 100 g, a 100% increase, and a 0.25-fold increase was about 70 mg / 100 g, a 75% increase. In addition, even in the direction of increasing the liquid fertilizer concentration, the liquid fertilizer concentration is about 55 mg / 100 g in the case of 1.5 times and about 53 mg / 100 g in the case of 2.0 times, so that there is a significant difference in the liquid fertilizer concentration. It can be said that.
[0028]
(3) Influence on α-tocopherol content Also, the α-tocopherol content is 0.2 mg / 100 g when the liquid fertilizer concentration is 0.75 times, which is almost the same as the case of 1.0 times. In the case of 0.5 times, it increased to 0.9 mg / 100 g, and in the case of 0.25 times, it extremely increased to 2.0 mg / 100 g. Also, in the direction of increasing the concentration of liquid fertilizer, 0.2 mg / 100 g in the case of 1.5 times and about the same as the case of 1.0 times, but 1.1 mg / 100 g in the case of 2.0 times. Since it increased to 100 g, it can be said that the liquid fertilizer concentration had a significant difference.
[0029]
As shown in the above test results, it was clarified that the liquid manure concentration affected the growth and component content of Komatsuna. Growth is about 0.5 to 1.5 times that of the garden test formulation, which is good. It was found that the content of vitamin C and α-tocopherol can be greatly increased by adjusting the concentration of liquid fertilizer.
From this, it can be said that by adjusting the liquid fertilizer concentration as one of the cultivation conditions, it is possible to control the content of functional components and the like in the vegetables.
[0030]
Example 2 and Comparative Example 1
A daytime temperature of 25 ° C, a nighttime temperature of 20 ° C, a daytime of 12 hours, in a climate chamber with 1000 ppm of carbon dioxide gas, pumice was used as a culture medium for cultivation beds, and 1/100 of Otsuka Chemical's liquid fertilizer Otsuka A formulation was used as a nutrient solution. Dilute fertilizer of 2 concentrations is applied by bottom watering method, and on Komatsuna 20 days after sowing, a healthy line from a position 15 cm away from the top of Komatsuna in the morning for 5 minutes a day from the position of harvesting (30 days after sowing) UV irradiation was carried out using a fluorescent lamp (Example 2). The fluorescent lamp for health ray irradiates a UV-B wave having a maximum absorption at 310 nm and has four outputs of 20 watts.
The cultivation was carried out under exactly the same conditions as described above except that the ultraviolet irradiation was not carried out, which was used as Comparative Example 1.
When the vitamin C content of the harvested komatsuna was compared for each of the five samples, the komatsuna of Example 2 had a maximum of about 1.4 times (155 mg / 100 g) compared to 110 mg / 100 g in Comparative Example 1 without irradiation with ultraviolet light. 100 g).
[0031]
Example 3
In the same cultivation facility as in Example 2, and under the same cultivation conditions, artificial ultraviolet irradiation was performed by changing irradiation time, irradiation distance, and the like for each group of 15 strains of Komatsuna after sowing. The cultivation period was the same 30 days.
Since irradiation is performed every day from the irradiation start date to the harvest date, if the irradiation start date is the 15th day, the irradiation is 15 days, and if the irradiation start date is 25th, the irradiation is 5 days. As the ultraviolet irradiation conditions, the distance was determined by the distance from the top of the komatsuna to the ultraviolet lamp. Since the growth of the komatsuna was hindered, two types of 15 cm and 20 cm were used.
As a control, the same 15 strains of Komatsuna were similarly cultivated, and were not irradiated with artificial ultraviolet rays.
[0032]
(Experimental result)
Harvesting was performed on the 30th day of cultivation, and fresh weight, maximum leaf length, and amount of α-tocopherol were measured for Komatsuna in each group. The fresh weight is the weight per one Komatsuna plant immediately after harvesting, and the maximum leaf length is the length of the leaf having the largest length among the leaves of one Komatsuna plant, and each is the average value of 15 plants. . The amount of α-tocopherol is the content (unit: mg) in 100 g of Komatsuna.
These cultivation results are shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fresh weight of Komatsuna treated with UV light, FIG. 6 is a graph showing the maximum leaf length of Komatsuna treated with UV light, and FIG. 7 shows the α-tocopherol content of Komatsuna treated with UV light. It is a graph.
[0033]
(Evaluation of experimental results)
(1) Influence on fresh weight There was a tendency that the fresh weight was slightly suppressed by ultraviolet irradiation. However, when irradiation is performed from the late growth stage, the difference from the case of non-irradiation (control) becomes smaller.
(2) Influence on the maximum leaf length Under the same conditions, the maximum leaf length also tended to be suppressed.
(3) Influence on α-tocopherol content However, as for the content of α-tocopherol, when irradiated from a distance of 20 cm for 15 days, a result is obtained which is increased by about 30% as compared with the case of non-irradiated (control). Was.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the institutional cultivation of vegetables, the change (increase) of the content of nutrients contained in vegetables, especially the functional components such as vitamin C and tocopherol, which are effective for maintaining health, improving disease symptoms, and preventing disease. ) Can be encouraged.
In particular, according to the present invention, in the institutional cultivation of Komatsuna, it is possible to increase the content of the functional component contained therein or to obtain the one having a necessary content by cultivation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of liquid manure concentration on the growth of Komatsuna.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of liquid manure concentration on the vitamin C component content of Komatsuna.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of liquid manure concentration on α-tocopherol content of Komatsuna.
FIG. 4 is a spectral distribution graph of a health ray fluorescent lamp used in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fresh weight of Komatsuna subjected to ultraviolet treatment in Example 3.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the maximum leaf length of komatsuna subjected to ultraviolet treatment in Example 3.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing α-tocopherol content of Komatsuna treated with ultraviolet light in Example 3.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a movable ultraviolet irradiation apparatus using a carriage moving on a rail, which is used to carry out the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a movable ultraviolet irradiation device used to carry out the present invention, which moves an ultraviolet irradiation device suspended from an upper rail on a cultivation bed.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation bed 2 Medium 3 Plant 4 Rail 5 Ultraviolet irradiation cart 6 Ultraviolet irradiation lamp 7 Wheel 8 Drive motor 9 Control board 10 Current collector 11 Cable 12 Cable moving wire 13 Ultraviolet irradiation device 14 Hanging fitting 15 Support

Claims (9)

In a cultivation method of vegetables covered with a light-transmitting plate or sheet and cultivated on a cultivation floor, as a liquid fertilizer supplied at the time of cultivation, 0.25 to 0.75 times the horticultural test site standard culture solution formulation, or 1.5 to A vegetable cultivation method characterized by increasing the content of functional components in leafy vegetables by using a 2.0-fold concentration of liquid fertilizer. A health function characterized by increasing the content of functional components in vegetables by irradiating the vegetables with artificial ultraviolet rays in a method of growing vegetables covered with a light-transmitting plate or sheet and grown on a growing floor. Cultivation method of vegetables provided with. The vegetable cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the artificial ultraviolet irradiation is performed using ultraviolet light having a peak at a wavelength of 315 µm from a health lamp for a health ray and having a main distribution at a wavelength of 250 to 400 µm. The vegetable cultivation method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the vegetable is komatsuna. A cultivation facility, wherein an artificial ultraviolet irradiation device for vegetables is arranged 10 cm to 20 cm above the top of the vegetables. In a system for growing vegetables by intermittently applying ultraviolet rays to vegetables, a movable ultraviolet irradiation apparatus characterized in that irradiation is performed while moving an ultraviolet irradiation lamp. 7. The mobile ultraviolet irradiation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein an ultraviolet irradiation lamp is mounted on a carriage that runs on rails provided at both ends of a cultivation row having a fixed width on which vegetables are planted. 7. The mobile ultraviolet irradiation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a rail is laid in an upper space of a cultivation row having a certain width in which vegetables are planted, and the ultraviolet irradiation lamp is suspended from the rail and irradiated while moving. The mobile ultraviolet irradiation apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the vegetable is grown by hydroponics, and the vegetable cultivation row is a cultivation bed of hydroponics.

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