JP2004300199A - Carbonization system and method for producing carbonized material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization system designed to simply produce a carbonized material such as bone charcoal having high added value from an organic material such as a livestock carcass at a low cost without using a fossil fuel as much as possible. <P>SOLUTION: The organic material such as the livestock carcass is charged into a carbonization furnace 10 and placed on a shelf part 11a. When a heating medium heated by sunlight with a collecting plate 20 is fed into the shelf part 11a, the carrying surface of the shelf part 11a becomes high temperatures. An oil component contained in the organic material melts and exudes. The oil components flow down through openings 111 provided in the shelf part 11a and is recovered in an oil storage part 30 and fed to a burner 40 with an oil component feeding line 31. Carbonization of the carbonized material produced in the shelf part 11a in the topmost stage further proceeds while successively dropping the carbonized material from the openings 111 to the shelf parts 11b and 11c in the following positions by rotation of a paddle 15a. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbonization system, and more particularly, to a carbonization system and a method for producing carbide from organic waste including livestock carcass using solar energy (solar heat, sunlight).
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, as a measure against BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) in Japan, the addition of meat-and-bone meal derived from livestock carcass to feed has been banned, and most of organic matter derived from livestock carcass has to be disposed It is in a situation where you can not get. In particular, livestock suspected of having BSE must be disposed of, including meat and fat. At this time, it is necessary to avoid releasing abnormal prions that cause BSE to the environment. Therefore, a method for safely processing meat-and-bone meal, bone and meat as raw materials thereof, and livestock carcass containing them is considered. Development is an urgent task.
[0003]
For this reason, a method of incinerating organic matter derived from livestock carcasses and converting it into a raw material for cement has been studied, but incineration requires a large amount of fossil fuel as an auxiliary fuel. Livestock carcass does not have sufficient calorific value and calcium content to be used as a cement raw material. There is a problem that use cannot be aimed at.
[0004]
In addition, in countries and regions where livestock is thriving, a large amount of livestock carcass is produced due to meat consumption, and effective utilization thereof is desired. On the other hand, in livestock production areas, there is a problem that pasture soils become thinner due to the large amount of livestock production, and securing and rehabilitation of pastures is an important issue in order to continue stable livestock production. I have.
[0005]
By the way, as a method of treating organic waste such as livestock manure, municipal garbage, and sludge, a method of carbonizing the waste and recycling it as a carbide has been adopted (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). In particular, bone charcoal is known as a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing organic matter derived from a livestock carcass. This bone char is obtained by carbonizing organic matter derived from livestock carcasses by heating at high temperature under oxygen-blocking conditions.It is highly useful as fertilizer, feed additive, activated carbon for wastewater treatment, etc. There is no danger of harmful substances such as prions remaining. Therefore, it is considered that the carbonization is more advantageous than the cement raw material in treating the organic matter of livestock carcass.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-154728 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-32608 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-10-202298 [0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, by producing bone charcoal from organic matter such as livestock carcasses, it can be spread and reduced on pastures and the like as fertilizers and soil improvers. However, the production of bone char requires a special carbonization facility (carbonization furnace), and at least at the initial stage, it is necessary to perform heating using fossil fuel. The method of once carrying out livestock carcasses and the like from a livestock area and carbonizing them elsewhere increases the cost of transportation and is not economically viable. The cost of fossil fuels used for heating also makes bone char production difficult in livestock areas.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and a carbonization system capable of easily producing a high-value-added carbide such as bone charcoal from organic matter such as livestock carcass without using fossil fuels as much as possible. To provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a carbonization system according to a first aspect of the present invention includes an oil recovery device that recovers oil separated from organic matter, and a combustion device that burns the recovered oil. A carbonization furnace for heating and carbonizing the organic matter contained in the carbonization furnace; and a solar heat supply device for collecting sunlight and supplying it as heat to the carbonization furnace.
[0010]
The carbonization system according to the first aspect is capable of separating the oil component in the organic matter by the heat provided by the solar heat supply device and raising the temperature in the furnace using the oil as a fuel to produce carbide. It can be built as a self-contained system that uses it. Therefore, effective use of solar energy and cost reduction are achieved, and the system configuration is simple, so that it can be easily installed even in a livestock area where it is difficult to install a large-scale carbonization facility.
[0011]
The carbonization system according to a second aspect of the present invention is the carbonization system according to the first aspect, further comprising a carbide recovery means for sequentially dropping and collecting the generated carbide by using gravity in the carbonization furnace. I do.
[0012]
Since the carbonization system of the second aspect is provided with the carbide recovery means using gravity, the generated carbides fall sequentially and are rapidly recovered. As a result, in addition to the same effect as in the first embodiment, the carbonization efficiency is further increased, and a uniform carbide is obtained.
[0013]
In the carbonization system according to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the carbide recovery means may include: a mounting member having a plurality of openings communicating from the mounting surface of the organic material to the opposite surface; A rotating member that rotates along the mounting surface of the writing member to drop the generated carbide through the opening.
[0014]
According to the carbonization system of the third aspect, in addition to the same operation as that of the second aspect, the recovery is performed while dropping the carbide by the simple mechanism of the mounting member having the opening and the rotating member and the small power. It is possible to do.
[0015]
The carbonization system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the third aspect, the heated heat medium supplied by the solar heat supply device is caused to flow inside the placement member. I do.
[0016]
According to the carbonization system according to the fourth aspect, the heating medium heated by using solar heat is introduced into the mounting member to heat the organic matter, thereby separating the oil. As described above, by heating with the heat medium, in addition to the same operation as in the third aspect, heating is performed quickly, heat loss is reduced, and oil can be efficiently recovered.
[0017]
A carbonization system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the carbonization system according to the third aspect or the fourth aspect, wherein the placing member and the rotating member form a pair and have a multi-stage structure provided in an overlapping manner. Features.
[0018]
According to the carbonization system according to the fifth aspect, in addition to the same operation as the third aspect or the fourth aspect, by adopting a multi-stage structure, the upper mounting member is shifted to the lower mounting member. As the process proceeds, it is possible to perform a process of promoting carbonization, and not only batch processing in a short time is enabled, but also continuous processing is enabled, and carbonization can be efficiently performed.
[0019]
A carbonization system according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the carbonization system according to any one of the first aspect to the fifth aspect, further comprising a photovoltaic power generation device, wherein required power is covered by photovoltaic power generation.
[0020]
In the carbonization system of the sixth aspect, all or most of the required power is covered by the photovoltaic power generation, and in addition to the same operation as any of the first to fifth aspects, the solar energy is used to the maximum extent possible. As a self-supporting, low-cost carbonized system, it can be advantageously used particularly in livestock farming areas with long annual sunshine hours.
[0021]
The method for producing a carbide according to the seventh aspect of the present invention includes a step of heating an organic substance using solar heat to separate an oil component, and a step of burning the separated oil component to carbonize the organic substance. It is characterized by. According to this feature, the oil content is recovered by using solar heat at the time of start-up, and in the carbonization process, the recovered oil content is used as fuel, so that autonomous operation of carbide production is possible and effective use of solar energy And effective use of organic resources such as livestock carcass.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing a schematic configuration of a carbonization system 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The carbonization system 100 includes, as main components, a carbonization furnace 10, a heat collecting plate 20 and a heat medium circulation line 21 as a solar heat supply device, and a solar cell 50 as a solar power generation device.
[0023]
The carbonization furnace 10 includes a hollow cylindrical outer cylinder container, an oil storage unit 30 as an oil recovery device, and a burner 40 (40a, 40b, 40c) as a combustion device. Inside the outer cylinder container of the carbonization furnace 10, a shelf 11 (11a, 11b, 11c) as a mounting member and a paddle 15 (15a) as a rotating member rotatably provided along the shelf 11 are provided. , 15b, 15c). The shelf 11 and the paddle 15 constitute a carbide collecting means.
[0024]
The shelves 11 and the paddles 15 are arranged in pairs so that the bottom surface of the paddle 1 is close to the mounting surface (see FIGS. 2 and 3) of the shelves 11. That is, the shelves 11a and the paddles 15a, the shelves 11b and the paddles 15b, and the shelves 11c and the paddles 15c are paired, and here three pairs are stacked and arranged in a superimposed manner.
[0025]
The positional relationship between the shelf 11a and the paddle 15a is enlarged and shown in FIGS. The paddle 15a is supported at its center by a rotating shaft 13, which is connected to the motor 12. Thus, the paddle 15a is configured to be rotatable along the mounting surface S of the shelf 11a in the vicinity thereof. The same applies to the positional relationship between the shelves 11b and 11c and the paddles 15b and 15c.
[0026]
The shelf 11 is made of a heat conductive material, and has a space formed therein so that a heat medium can flow therethrough. The inside of the shelf 11 communicates with a heat medium circulation line 21 described later.
[0027]
The shelf 11 is provided with a large number of openings 111. These openings 111 are formed to penetrate from the mounting surface S to the back surface of the shelf 11.
[0028]
An oxygen sensor 19 as oxygen concentration detecting means is provided inside the carbonization furnace 10. The carbonization furnace 10 is provided with an air introduction unit (not shown), and is configured to be able to introduce, for example, 1 to 5 liters of air per minute. Then, the oxygen concentration in the furnace is monitored by the oxygen sensor 19, and the carbonization is advanced while controlling the oxygen concentration, whereby the physical and chemical properties of the carbide can be adjusted and added value can be given. This will be described in detail below.
When heating is performed under non-oxygen conditions (reducing atmosphere) to promote carbonization, most of the phosphorus contained in the organic matter is released into the product gas in the form of a hydride. In particular, when the organic matter is derived from a livestock carcass, much of the organic matter is diffused and lost in the carbonization process even though phosphorus is originally contained abundantly. In addition, in carbonization under non-oxygen conditions, the surface area of the carbide does not increase so much, so that the adsorption capacity when used as activated carbon cannot be sufficiently increased. For this reason, the value of the obtained bone char as a fertilizer or an adsorbent is lost, and it is difficult to add value.
[0029]
On the other hand, oxygen (air) is introduced so that the inside of the furnace becomes a desired oxidation state, and carbonization is performed by controlling the oxygen concentration, thereby suppressing the emission of phosphorus generated in the reducing atmosphere, and starting with the use of bone charcoal. Can be left in the resulting carbide. Also, by creating a predetermined oxygen condition in the carbonization process, it is possible to make the carbide porous and increase the surface area. Thus, by controlling the oxygen concentration, a loss of phosphorus can be suppressed, and a carbide having excellent adsorption performance can be obtained. When the raw material organic matter is a livestock carcass, the carbonized material is rich in phosphorus and therefore has a high value as a fertilizer, and can be used as an adsorbent in the same application as activated carbon.
[0030]
The heat collecting plate 20 employs a known mechanism that receives sunlight and uses the sunlight as heat energy to heat the heat medium. In the carbonization system 100 of the present embodiment, the amount of heat required to heat the heat medium can be covered by, for example, a heat collecting plate having an area of about 7 m ² .
[0031]
The heat medium circulates through the carbonization system 100 through the heat medium circulation line 21. The heat medium circulation line 21 branches and is connected to the shelves 11a, 11b, 11c of the carbonization furnace 10 as described above (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Therefore, the heat medium heated by the heat collecting plate 20 flows inside each of the shelves 11a, 11b, 11c, and raises the temperature of the mounting surface S made of a heat conductive material.
[0032]
The oil storage unit 30 is formed in a funnel shape, for example, as a shape capable of collecting oil dropped through the opening 111 provided in each of the shelves 11a, 11b, 11c in one place. The oil generated in the furnace 10 is recovered from the bottom. The oil recovered by the oil storage unit 30 is transferred via an oil supply line 31, branched, and supplied to each of the burners 40a, 40b, 40c. Valves 33a, 33b, and 33c are provided in the branch line of the oil supply line 31, so that the supply of the oil can be shut off or the supply amount can be adjusted as needed. In addition, when the organic matter is a livestock carcass containing abundant oil, the oil can be recovered in excess of the amount used as fuel, and thus can be stored or diverted to other uses.
[0033]
The burner 40 (40a, 40b, 40c) burns the supplied oil as fuel and heats the inside of the carbonization furnace 10.
[0034]
The solar cell 50 is provided with a light-collecting unit (not shown) having an area of about 20 m ² by a known mechanism that receives sunlight and generates electric power, for example, so that it can generate about 2 kW during sunshine. I have. Accordingly, the electric power of the motor 12 and the oxygen sensor 19, as well as the electric power of the pump (not shown) used for the heat medium circulation line 21 and the oil supply line 31 can be covered by the solar energy alone without depending on the external electric power. .
[0035]
When the carbonization system 100 having the above configuration is a self-supporting system using only sunlight, it is preferable to use a raw material rich in oil, such as livestock waste, as the organic material as the raw material. Here, the livestock waste includes carcasses of livestock and / or processed products thereof. More specifically, carcasses of livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, and the like, bones, meat, Includes fat, internal organs, blood, brain, eyeballs, skin, hooves, horns, etc., as well as crushed livestock carcasses represented by meat-and-bone meal, meat meal, bone meal, blood meal, etc. It is.
[0036]
Organic matter such as a livestock carcass is put into the carbonization furnace 10 and placed on the shelf 11a. In this state, the heat medium heated by the sunlight by the heat collecting plate 20 is supplied to the inside of the shelf 11a. When the high-temperature heat medium circulates through the inside, the mounting surface S of the shelf 11a becomes high in temperature, and the oil contained in the organic matter melts and exudes. This oil component flows down through the opening 111 provided in the shelf 11 a and is stored in the oil storage unit 30.
[0037]
The oil recovered in the oil storage unit 30 is transported in the oil supply line 31 by a pump (not shown) and supplied to each of the burners 40a, 40b, and 40c. The temperature inside the carbonization furnace 10 is further increased by the combustion of the burner 40, and more oil is recovered and the organic matter is gradually carbonized. In the carbonization step, external air can be introduced from an air introduction unit (not shown) while monitoring the oxygen concentration with the oxygen sensor 19 as necessary.
[0038]
With carbonization advanced to some extent, the motor 12 is driven to rotate the paddle 15a. As described above, the motor 12 is driven by the electric power stored in the solar cell 50. By the rotation of the paddle 15a, a pressing force and a shearing force are applied to the carbide generated on the uppermost shelf 11a so as to be crushed between the carbide and the mounting surface S. As a result, the carbide falls from the opening 111 onto the next shelf 11b. Also in the shelf 11b, the carbonization further proceeds due to the combustion of the burner 40b and the heating of the mounting surface S of the shelf 11b by the heat medium (if the valve 33b is opened) as needed. The generated carbide is subjected to a pressing force and a shearing force by the rotation of the paddle 15b, and further falls through the opening 111 to the next shelf 11c. In the shelf 11c, carbonization further proceeds in the same process, becomes final carbides, and falls on the furnace bottom 17 (floor) of the carbonization furnace 10 and accumulates. Since the furnace bottom 17 of the carbonization furnace 10 is formed to be obliquely inclined, it is possible to easily remove falling carbides.
[0039]
As described above, according to the carbonization system 100, the oil contained in the organic matter is taken out by the solar heat to be used as fuel, heated, and the power required for driving the motor 12 and the like is covered by the photovoltaic power generation. From an organic substance such as a body, it becomes possible to produce a carbide using only solar energy. For example, when the size of the outer cylindrical container of the carbonization furnace 10 is set to a diameter of 700 mm and a height of 800 mm, it is possible to carbonize about 10 kg of organic matter per hour during sunshine.
[0040]
As described above, in the carbonization system 100 of the present embodiment, the oil contained in the organic matter is taken out by solar heat to be used as fuel, and heating is performed, and power required for driving the motor 12 and the like is covered by solar power generation. From organic matter such as livestock carcasses, it is possible to produce carbide using only solar energy. Since the carbonization system 100 has a simple apparatus configuration and can be deployed in a livestock area as a movable and portable system, it is possible to easily apply a carbonized material such as bone charcoal to a nearby pasture or the like.
[0041]
<Second embodiment>
FIG. 4 is a drawing schematically showing a schematic configuration of a carbonization system 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. This carbonization system 200 includes three carbonization furnaces 210, 210, 210 arranged in parallel. The configuration of each furnace is the same. Around each carbonization furnace 210, a semi-cylindrical heat collecting plate 20 as a solar heat supply device is provided. These heat collecting plates 20 function as heat reflecting plates.
[0042]
The carbonization system 200 includes an oil storage unit 30 as an oil recovery device, a burner 40 as a combustion device, and a solar cell 50 as a solar power generation device.
[0043]
The carbonization furnace 210 includes a hollow cylindrical outer cylindrical container, and a lower portion includes an outlet provided with an openable and closable door 213 for extracting carbide. Further, near the bottom of the carbonization furnace 210, a burner 40 and an air introduction part 41 connected to the air pump 70 are provided close to each other. Further, an oxygen sensor 19 as oxygen concentration detecting means is provided in the carbonization furnace 210. The operation of the oxygen sensor 19 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
[0044]
The oil generated in the carbonization furnace 210 is extracted from the bottom and collected in the oil storage unit 30. The oil recovered by the oil storage unit 30 is transferred by an oil pump 35 via an oil supply line 31, branched, and supplied to the burners 40 of the carbonization furnaces 210, 210, 210. In the present embodiment, by controlling the oil supply amount by the oil pump 35, the combustion of the burner 40 can be adjusted, and the furnace temperature can be controlled. In addition, also in this embodiment, when the organic matter is livestock carcass, the oil content can be recovered in excess of the amount used as fuel, so that it can be stored or diverted to other uses. .
[0045]
The solar cell 50 is provided with a light-collecting unit (not shown) having a predetermined area so that, for example, power generation of about 1 kW can be performed in sunlight. Thus, the oxygen sensor 19, the oil pump 35, and the air pump 70 can be driven only by solar energy without depending on external power. In the present embodiment, the solar cell 50 is connected to a system controller 60 having a built-in backup battery function, and power is supplied to each device via an instrumentation / power line 61. Further, the system controller 60 controls the amount of air supplied by the air pump 70 based on the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen sensor 19. Thus, the oxidation-reduction state in carbonization furnace 210 can be easily adjusted. That is, the system controller 60 and the air pump 70 function as oxygen concentration control means in cooperation with the oxygen sensor 19.
[0046]
When the carbonization system 200 of the present embodiment is a self-supporting system using only sunlight, it is preferable to use a raw material rich in oil, such as livestock waste, as the organic material as the raw material.
[0047]
Organic matter such as livestock carcass is introduced into the hollow carbonization furnace 210 with the top lid 211 opened. At the time of sunshine, the temperature inside the carbonization furnace 210 is increased by the reflection heat of the heat collecting plate 20, and the oil contained in the organic matter is melted or leached out. This oil component flows down in the carbonization furnace 210 and is stored in the oil storage unit 30.
[0048]
The oil collected in the oil storage unit 30 is transferred through the oil supply line 31 by the oil pump 35 and supplied to each burner 40. The temperature inside the carbonization furnace 210 is further increased by the combustion of the burner 40, so that more oil is recovered and the organic matter is gradually carbonized. In the carbonization step, a predetermined amount of air can be introduced from the air introduction unit 41 by the air pump 70 while monitoring the oxygen concentration with the oxygen sensor 19 as necessary.
[0049]
As the carbonization proceeds, the carbides fall to the bottom (floor) of the carbonization furnace 210 and accumulate. This carbide can be easily discharged by opening the door 213.
[0050]
As described above, according to the carbonization system 200 of the present embodiment, the oil contained in the organic matter is taken out by the solar heat to be used as the fuel, and the fuel is heated, and the power required for driving the pump is covered by the photovoltaic power generation. From organic matter such as livestock carcasses, it is possible to produce carbide using only solar energy. The carbonization system 200 can be operated as a batch system in which, for example, raw materials are loaded after sunrise, the apparatus is started up, and carbonization is completed by sunset. Since the carbonization system 200 has a simple device configuration and can be deployed in a livestock area as a movable and portable system, it is possible to apply a carbonized material such as bone charcoal to a nearby pasture or the like.
[0051]
As described above, the present invention has been described with respect to various embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be applied to other embodiments within the scope of the invention described in the claims. It is.
[0052]
For example, in the carbonization furnace 100 of the first embodiment, the shelf 11 is heated using a heat medium. However, such a mechanism is not used, and the entire furnace is heated using reflected heat as in the second embodiment. Heating is also possible.
[0053]
In the above embodiment, the operation is basically performed only in the sunshine. However, for example, by storing the oil separated by solar heat or the power generated by the solar power generation, the operation can be performed even in bad weather or at night. Is possible.
[0054]
In addition, the carbonization system of the present invention is a self-supporting system that does not rely on fossil fuels such as petroleum fuel in principle, but does not prevent temporary or temporary use during startup or in bad weather. .
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to realize an energy self-supporting carbonization system in which the driving source is electric power from a solar cell and the heat source at the time of startup is solar heat. That is, in the carbonization system of the present invention, it is possible to separate the oil component in the organic matter by the heat given by the solar heat supply device and to raise the temperature in the furnace using this as a fuel to produce carbide, so that the solar heat is utilized. It can be built as a self-sustaining system. Therefore, effective utilization of solar energy and cost reduction can be achieved, and it is suitable for use in livestock farming areas where it is difficult to install large-scale carbonization facilities.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing an outline of a carbonization system according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a positional relationship between a shelf and a paddle.
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing FIG. 2 as viewed from above, and a paddle is indicated by a virtual line.
FIG. 4 is a drawing schematically showing an outline of a carbonization system according to a second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Carbonization furnace 11 Shelf part 12 Motor 15 Paddle 17 Hearth 19 Oxygen sensor 20 Heat collecting plate 21 Heat medium circulation line 30 Oil storage part 31 Oil supply line 33 Valve 35 Oil pump 40 Burner 41 Air introduction part 50 Solar cell 60 System controller 70 Air pump 100 Carbonization system 111 Opening 200 Carbonization system 210 Carbonization furnace 211 Lid 213 Door

Claims (7)

An oil recovery device that recovers oil separated from organic matter, and a combustion device that includes a combustion device that burns the recovered oil, and a carbonization furnace that heats and carbonizes organic matter stored in the furnace.
A solar heat supply device that collects sunlight and supplies it as heat to the carbonization furnace,
A carbonization system comprising: 2. The carbonization system according to claim 1, further comprising: a carbide recovery unit inside the carbonization furnace, which collects the generated carbides by using gravity to sequentially drop the collected carbides. In claim 2, a mounting member having a plurality of openings communicating from the mounting surface of the organic material to the opposite surface, the carbide recovery means,
By rotating along the mounting surface of the mounting member described above, a rotating member for dropping the generated carbide through the opening,
A carbonization system, comprising: The carbonization system according to claim 3, wherein the heated heat medium supplied by the solar heat supply device is caused to flow inside the placement member. The carbonization system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the placing member and the rotating member form a pair and have a multi-stage structure provided in an overlapping manner. The carbonization system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a photovoltaic power generation device, wherein required power is covered by photovoltaic power generation. A step of heating organic matter using solar heat to separate oils;
Burning the separated oil to carbonize the organic matter.

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