CN108410512B - Solar energy gasification comprehensive utilization system based on all-weather solar energy gasification reactor - Google Patents
Solar energy gasification comprehensive utilization system based on all-weather solar energy gasification reactor Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1284—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind
- C10J2300/1292—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind mSolar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The solar gasification comprehensive utilization system is used for generating synthesis gas in all weather through solar gasification reaction and conventional gasification reaction, and providing water vapor and high-temperature flue gas; the liquid fuel synthesis subsystem is used for processing the synthesis gas to obtain a liquid product; and the tail gas power generation subsystem utilizes the gaseous product to drive the gas to do work and circularly generate power, and utilizes the flue gas and the high-temperature vapor to drive the steam to do work and circularly generate power.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of solar energy and fossil energy complementary utilization, in particular to a solar energy gasification comprehensive utilization system based on an all-weather solar energy gasification reactor.
Background
In the background of rapid economic development, the demand of human beings for energy is increasing, and currently, the global main energy is mainly composed of primary energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal and the like, and the energy resource reserves are drastically reduced, and serious environmental pollution, especially a large amount of CO, is generated 2 The emission of the iso-greenhouse gases will affect the ecological balance worldwide. Only 2016, the total global primary energy consumption is 132.76 hundred million tons of oil equivalent, and the total primary energy consumption is increased by 1.3% compared with the previous year, the primary energy consumption in China is also increased from 14.6 hundred million tons of standard coal in 2000 to 44.9 hundred million tons of standard coal in 2010, and the total is nearly three times and 122.6% is increased. In particular, the dependence of China on petroleum is broken through 60%, and the energy safety of China is seriously threatened. Under the background, the energy conservation and emission reduction are advocated greatly, and the energy utilization efficiency is improvedRenewable energy sources such as solar energy, biomass energy and the like are required to be greatly developed.
The solar energy resources in China are very abundant, and the solar energy source has the characteristics of no pollution, regeneration and huge reserves, and the annual solar energy radiation value is about 1050-2450 kW.h (m) 2 A) greater than 1050kW h (m 2 The area of a) occupies more than 96% of the territorial area. The distribution trend of the solar radiation amount in China is expressed as high and low in west, the solar energy resources are extremely rich in western areas such as Tibet, qinghai and Xinjiang in China, the sunshine time in the year is more than 3000 hours, and the solar energy source belongs to one of the areas with rich solar energy resources in the world. By the 2015, the capacity of the solar power generation total assembly machine in China reaches 4318kW, and the total installed capacity of power generation in China is 3%, so that the solar power generation total assembly machine is first in the world.
Solar energy has inherent properties such as indirection and instability, which present a great challenge in achieving efficient and stable conversion of solar energy. For this, can adopt the complementary utilization mode of multipotency source, utilize the gasification reaction of drive living beings and petroleum coke, realize the conversion of solar energy heat energy to synthetic gas fuel chemical energy from this, not only realized the high-efficient chemical energy storage of solar energy, can also be favorable to the follow-up high-efficient stable utilization of solar energy.
The biomass resources in China are very rich, and a resource foundation is laid for realizing the complementary utilization of solar energy. In addition, the petroleum coke is used as a byproduct obtained by delayed coking of heavy residual oil in the process of crude oil refining and the like, has the characteristics of high carbon content, high heat value, less ash content, low volatile matters and the like compared with anthracite, and can be used as fuel in a combustion mode. By the end of 2017, the annual output of the petroleum coke in China reaches 2492.9 ten thousand tons. Because the petroleum coke is mostly high-sulfur coke, the direct combustion of the petroleum coke can produce serious environmental pollution, however, the petroleum coke is abandoned, and the petroleum coke can also produce environmental pollution to underground water, surface environment and the like, and also cause serious resource waste. Therefore, how to realize clean and efficient utilization of petroleum coke has become a problem to be solved. Unlike conventional direct petroleum coke gasifying mode, the high temperature solar energy drives the petroleum coke gasifying reaction to raise the utilization of petroleum coke and improve the component characteristic of produced synthetic gas.
Furthermore, the synthesis gas generated by gasifying the fuel such as biomass, petroleum coke and the like is driven by solar energy, so that the high-efficiency power generation can be performed by means of a gas-steam combined cycle system, and meanwhile, clean liquid fuel can be produced by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or methanol synthesis and other process conversion. This will further expand the way solar energy is utilized and provide the liquid fuel supply capacity. However, the solar energy is converted into fuel chemical energy by thermochemical reaction, so that efficient and stable utilization of solar energy is realized, but the intermittent nature and instability of solar energy still restrict efficient and continuous operation of a solar energy utilization system, and for this reason, an advanced and efficient solar gasification reaction device and an energy utilization system corresponding to the advanced and efficient solar gasification reaction device are required to be developed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
First, the technical problem to be solved
In view of the above, the main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a solar gasification comprehensive utilization system based on an all-weather solar gasification reactor, which is used for improving the conversion characteristics of solar energy and other solid fuels such as petroleum coke and biomass, and solving the problems of high-efficiency continuous and stable operation of the system.
(II) technical scheme
The present disclosure provides a solar gasification comprehensive utilization system based on an all-weather solar gasification reactor, comprising: the solar gasification subsystem is used for generating synthesis gas in all weather through solar gasification reaction and conventional gasification reaction and providing steam and high-temperature flue gas; a liquid fuel synthesis subsystem for processing the synthesis gas to obtain a liquid product and a partial gaseous product; and the tail gas power generation subsystem utilizes the gaseous product to burn and drive the fuel gas to do work and circularly generate power, utilizes the high-temperature flue gas and the water vapor to produce the high-temperature water vapor and drives the vapor to do work and circularly generate power.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the solar gasification subsystem comprises: the all-weather solar gasification reactor is used for generating synthesis gas and flue gas all-weather through solar gasification reaction and conventional gasification reaction; the solar heat collection mirror field is used for providing the reaction heat required by the solar gasification reaction; the synthesis gas purifying device is used for receiving the synthesis gas generated by the solar gasification reactor and removing solid impurities in the synthesis gas; and the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device is used for receiving the synthesis gas output by the synthesis gas purification device, recovering the high-temperature sensible heat of the synthesis gas, generating high-temperature steam and outputting the synthesis gas to the liquid fuel synthesis subsystem.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the liquid fuel synthesis subsystem comprises: a first compressor for compressing the synthesis gas; a synthesis gas conversion reactor for receiving the synthesis gas output by the first compressor and adjusting H in the synthesis gas 2 And the ratio of CO; the desulfurization purification device receives the synthesis gas output by the synthesis gas conversion reactor and separates and removes sulfur components contained in the synthesis gas; the liquid fuel synthesis tower receives the synthesis gas output by the desulfurization purification device, and performs liquid fuel synthesis reaction of methanol synthesis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to generate a first gaseous product, a second gaseous product and a liquid product, wherein the first gaseous product is sent to a first compressor, and the second gaseous product is sent to the tail gas power generation subsystem; and the oil storage tank is used for storing the liquid product.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the exhaust gas power generation subsystem includes: the air enters the combustion chamber after being compressed by the second compressor, and the compressed air and a second gaseous product are combusted in the combustion chamber to drive the gas turbine to work; the waste heat boiler receives high-temperature flue gas and water vapor generated by the solar gasification subsystem and flue gas discharged by the gas turbine, produces the high-temperature water vapor and drives the steam to do work and circulate to generate electricity; the low-temperature flue gas waste heat recoverer is used for recovering the low-temperature flue gas waste heat discharged by the waste heat boiler.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, the solar gasification reactor adopts an integrated staged gasification reaction structure, and a reaction cavity, ash and combustion cavity are formed inside the integrated staged gasification reaction structure; in a period of sufficient solar energy resources, the solar gasification reactor works in a solar gasification reaction mode, and the solar heat collection mirror field is used for providing reaction heat; the reactants are subjected to gasification reaction in the reaction cavity under the drive of the reaction heat, and the ash and the combustion cavity are used for collecting solid ash of the gasification reaction; in the period of insufficient solar radiation, the solar gasification reactor works in a conventional gasification reaction mode, air and solid ash are combusted in the ash and a combustion cavity to generate high-temperature combustion heat, reactants are driven by the high-temperature combustion heat to carry out gasification reaction in the reaction cavity, and the ash and the combustion cavity are used for collecting solid ash of gasification reaction.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the solar gasification reactor comprises: a hollow cylindrical housing; the upper cover plate is fixed at the top end of the shell; the lower bottom plate is fixed at the bottom end of the shell; the heat insulation plate is fixed inside the shell and is positioned between the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate; the material returning groove is arranged in the shell and is positioned between the upper cover plate and the heat insulation plate; the ash separating plate is fixed in the shell and is positioned between the heat insulating plate and the material returning groove; the reaction cavity is formed by the return chute, the upper cover plate and the shell, the return chute, the heat insulation plate and the shell, the middle cavity is formed by the return chute, the shell and the ash separation plate, and the middle cavity is divided into a light receiving cavity, ash and a combustion cavity; a riser reaction section is arranged in the shell, penetrates through the heat insulation plate, and the upper end of the riser reaction section is communicated with the reaction cavity; the ash separator is arranged between the riser reaction section and the inner wall of the shell; the shell forming the ash and the combustion cavity is provided with a smoke outlet and an ash outlet; the upper cover plate is provided with a synthetic gas outlet; the shell is internally provided with a return descending pipe, an outlet at the upper end of the return descending pipe is connected with the bottom of the return tank, and an outlet at the lower end of the return descending pipe is arranged in the ash and combustion cavity and is communicated with the reaction cavity, the ash and the combustion cavity.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the housing forming the light receiving cavity is provided with an upper incident light aperture corresponding to the return chute position; the shell is also provided with a lower incident light hole; the bottom of the lower bottom plate is provided with a reactant inlet, and the lower end of the reaction section of the lifting pipe is communicated with the reactant inlet; the solar heat collection mirror field includes: a first heliostat field and a second heliostat field; when the solar gasification reactor works in a solar gasification reaction mode, the light focused by the second heliostat place heats the riser reaction section through the incident light hole at the lower part, and primary heating is carried out on reactants and pyrolysis reaction is driven to be carried out; the pyrolysis reaction products are sent into the reaction cavity through the riser reaction section, the first heliostat field heats the reaction cavity through the upper incident light hole, the pyrolysis reaction products are driven to further carry out gasification reaction, the generated synthesis gas is output to the synthesis gas purification device through the synthesis gas outlet, the generated solid ash is collected through the returning chute, falls into the ash and the combustion cavity through the returning downcomer, and is discharged through the ash outlet.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a heat storage cavity is further formed inside the solar gasification reactor for storing part of the high temperature solar energy to maintain stable gasification reaction conditions; the heat insulation plate, the lower bottom plate and the shell form a heat storage cavity, and a heat storage material is filled in the heat storage cavity; or the heat storage cavity is connected with an external heat storage working medium tank through a pipeline and a working medium pump, and the external heat storage working medium tank is filled with a heat storage material so as to improve the heat storage capacity; a part of light focused by the second heliostat field heats the heat storage cavity through the lower incident light hole; during the unstable operation period of the sun, the heat storage cavity releases the stored high-temperature heat energy to maintain stable gasification reaction conditions.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, an air pipe is arranged in the shell, an air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the lower bottom plate, the air pipe penetrates through the heat insulation plate and is connected with the air inlet, and the air pipe is communicated with the ash and the combustion cavity.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the solar gasification reactor is operated in a conventional gasification reaction mode, an air inlet is opened, air is introduced into ash and a combustion cavity, the air and solid ash undergo a combustion reaction to generate high temperature heat energy, reactants are driven to undergo pyrolysis and gasification reactions by a heating riser reaction section and a return tank, the generated ash is discharged through an ash outlet, and generated flue gas is output to a tail gas power generation subsystem through a flue gas outlet.
(III) beneficial effects
From the above technical solution, the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
(1) By driving the gasification reaction of solid fuels such as petroleum coke, biomass and the like, the conversion of solar heat energy into fuel chemical energy is realized, and the conversion characteristic of solar energy is improved.
(2) The high-temperature solar energy is utilized to improve the reaction heat of the gasification reaction, so that the self-heat supply consumption of the solid fuel is reduced, and the utilization rate of the solid fuel is further improved.
(3) By means of the comprehensive utilization system, output of various energy products such as liquid fuel, electricity, heat and the like is achieved, and the current diversified energy requirements are met.
(4) The all-weather solar gasification reaction device can realize continuous and stable operation at night and other time periods, thereby guaranteeing stable output of liquid fuel, electric energy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polygeneration comprehensive utilization system based on solar thermochemical conversion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solar gasification reactor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[ symbolic description ]
A-a solar gasification subsystem; b-a liquid fuel synthesis subsystem; a C-tail gas power generation subsystem;
1-a solar gasification reactor; 2-a first day mirror field; 2' -a second heliostat field; 3-a synthesis gas purification unit; 4-a synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device; 5-a first compressor; a 6-syngas shift reactor; 7-desulfurizing and purifying device; 8-a liquid fuel synthesizing tower; 9-an oil storage tank; 10-a second compressor; 11-a combustion chamber; 12-gas turbine; 13-a waste heat boiler; 14-steam turbine; 15-a condenser; 16-a water feed pump; 17-a low-temperature flue gas waste heat recoverer; 18-reaction chamber; 19-ash and combustion chamber; 20-a heat storage cavity; 21-a light receiving cavity; 22-upper incident pupil; 23-lower incident pupil; 24-riser reaction section; 25-insulating boards; 26-ash separator; 27-a return chute; 28-a return downcomer; 29-reactant feed port; 30-syngas outlet; 31-ash outlet; 32-air inlet; 33-an air tube; 34-flue gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings in the embodiments. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments in this disclosure, all other embodiments that a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without making any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polygeneration comprehensive utilization system based on solar thermochemical conversion according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
The poly-generation comprehensive utilization system comprises: a solar gasification subsystem A, a liquid fuel synthesis subsystem B and a tail gas generation subsystem C.
The solar gasification subsystem A generates synthesis gas through solar gasification reaction and conventional gasification reaction and provides water vapor and high-temperature flue gas, and comprises the following components: all-weather solar gasification reactor 1, first heliostat field 2, second heliostat field 2', synthesis gas purification device 3 and synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4.
The solar gasification reactor 1 generates synthesis gas, and a synthesis gas outlet 30 thereof is connected with the synthesis gas purification device 3 and the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 in sequence. The synthesis gas passes through the synthesis gas purification device 3 and the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 in sequence. The flue gas outlet 34 of the solar gasification reactor 1 is connected with the waste heat boiler 13 of the tail gas power generation subsystem C.
The synthesis gas purification device 3 is used for removing impurities such as solid particles contained in the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 is used for recovering high-temperature sensible heat of the synthesis gas. The synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 uses water as a cooling medium, and the water exchanges heat with the synthesis gas to be converted into steam, so that the synthesis gas temperature is reduced and the steam is output to the liquid fuel synthesis subsystem B. The steam outlet of the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 is connected with the reactant inlet 29 of the solar gasification reactor 1 and the waste heat boiler 13 of the tail gas power generation subsystem C, and is used for outputting steam to the solar gasification reactor 1 and the waste heat boiler 13.
The liquid fuel synthesis subsystem B is used for converting synthesis gas generated by gasification into liquid fuels such as diesel, methanol and dimethyl ether and generating gaseous products, and comprises: a first compressor 5, a synthesis gas shift reactor 6, a desulfurization purification device 7, a liquid fuel synthesis tower 8 and an oil storage tank 9.
The synthesis gas outlet 30 of the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 is connected with the inlet of the first compressor 5, and the cooled synthesis gas enters the first compressor 5. The outlet of the first compressor 5 is sequentially connected with the synthesis gas shift reactor 6 and the desulfurization purification device 7, and the synthesis gas discharged from the first compressor 5 sequentially passes through the synthesis gas shift reactor 6 and the desulfurization purification device 7. The synthesis gas shift reactor 6 is used for adjusting H in the synthesis gas 2 And CO, the desulfurization and purification device 7 is used for separating and removing H contained in the synthesis gas 2 Sulfur component such as S. The outlet of the desulfurization purification device 7 is connected with the inlet of the liquid fuel synthesis tower 8, and the synthesis gas enters the liquid fuel synthesis tower 8. The liquid product outlet of the liquid fuel synthesis tower 8 is connected with an oil storage tank 9, and the gaseous product outlet of the liquid fuel synthesis tower 8 is connected with the inlet of the first compressor 5 and the tail gas power generation subsystem C.
The liquid fuel synthesis tower 8 is used for carrying out liquid fuel synthesis reactions such as methanol synthesis, fischer-tropsch synthesis and the like, gaseous products thereof are divided into two parts after being discharged from a gaseous product outlet, one part of the gaseous products is sent to the first compressor 5 to realize the circulation reaction of unreacted gas, and the other part of the gaseous products are sent to the tail gas power generation subsystem C, and the liquid products thereof are sent to the oil storage tank 9 for storage.
And the tail gas power generation subsystem C utilizes the second gaseous product of the liquid fuel synthesis tower 8 to burn and drive the fuel gas to do work and circularly generate power, utilizes the flue gas supplied by the solar gasification reactor 1, the water vapor supplied by the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 and the flue gas discharged by the fuel gas turbine to produce the water vapor, and drives the steam to circularly generate power and do work. The exhaust gas power generation subsystem C includes: the system comprises a second compressor 10, a combustion chamber 11, a gas turbine 12, a waste heat boiler 13, a steam turbine 14, a condenser 15, a feed pump 16 and a low-temperature flue gas waste heat recoverer 17.
The second compressor 10 is connected in turn to a combustion chamber 11 and a gas turbine 12. A stream of gaseous products from the liquid fuel synthesis column 8 is fed to a combustion chamber 11. The air is compressed by the second compressor 10 and then enters the combustion chamber 11. The compressed air and gaseous products are combusted in a combustor 11, driving a gas turbine 12 to produce work.
The outlet of the gas turbine 12 is sequentially connected with the flue gas end of the waste heat boiler 13 and the low-temperature flue gas waste heat recoverer 17; the waste heat boiler 13 is sequentially connected with a steam turbine 14, a condenser 15 and a water supply pump 16 to form a steam work circulation unit. The flue gas discharged by the gas turbine 12 enters the waste heat boiler 13 from the flue gas end of the waste heat boiler 13. The flue gas outlet 34 of the solar gasification reactor 1 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler 13, and the flue gas generated by the solar gasification reactor 1 enters the waste heat boiler 13 through the flue gas inlet. The steam outlet of the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 is connected with the steam inlet of the waste heat boiler 13, and the steam generated by the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 enters the waste heat boiler 13. The high-temperature steam produced by the waste heat boiler 13 drives the steam to work and circularly generate electricity, thereby realizing the efficient utilization of the system waste heat and improving the work function of the steam turbine 14.
The low-temperature flue gas waste heat recoverer 17 is used for recovering low-temperature flue gas waste heat discharged by the waste heat boiler 13 and providing a matched low-temperature heat source for heat users such as drying, heating and the like.
The method realizes the conversion of solar heat energy into fuel chemical energy by driving the gasification reaction of solid fuels such as petroleum coke, biomass and the like, and improves the conversion characteristic of solar energy. The high-temperature solar energy is utilized to improve the reaction heat required by gasification reaction, so that the self-heat supply consumption of the solid fuel is reduced, and the utilization rate of the solid fuel is further improved. By means of the comprehensive utilization system, output of various energy products such as liquid fuel, electricity, heat and the like is achieved, and the current diversified energy requirements are met.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an all-weather solar gasification reactor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The solar gasification reactor 1 comprises: a hollow cylindrical shell, an upper cover plate, a heat insulation plate 25, a lower bottom plate, a riser reaction section 24, a return groove 27 and a return downcomer 28.
The upper cover plate is fixed at the top end of the shell; the lower bottom plate is fixed at the bottom end of the shell; the heat shield 25 is fixed inside the housing between the upper cover plate and the lower base plate.
A return chute 27 is mounted inside the housing between the upper cover plate and the heat shield 25. The reaction cavity 18 is formed by the return chute 27 and an upper cover plate, and a shell therebetween, and the upper cover plate is provided with a synthesis gas outlet 30 communicating the reaction cavity 18 with the synthesis gas purification device 3.
The return chute 27 forms an intermediate cavity with the heat shield 25 and the housing therebetween. The shell is internally provided with a riser reaction section 24, the riser reaction section 24 penetrates through a heat insulation plate 25, and is connected with the bottom of a return tank 27 through the wall surface of the riser reaction section 24 and is communicated with the reaction cavity 18. The riser reaction section 24 passes through the heat storage cavity 20 and is in close dividing wall connection therewith. The bottom of the lower bottom plate is provided with a reactant inlet 29, and the reactant inlet 29 is communicated with the riser reaction section 24.
An ash separator 26 is arranged between the riser reaction section 24 and the inner wall of the housing to divide the intermediate cavity into ash and combustion cavity 19 and light receiving cavity 21. The housing forming the ash and combustion chamber 19 is provided with a flue gas outlet 34 and an ash outlet 31, wherein the flue gas outlet 34 is closer to the return chute 27, connecting the flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler 13. The ash outlet 31 is closer to the heat shield 25. The housing forming the light receiving cavity is provided with an upper incident light aperture 22 corresponding in position to the return chute 27.
The heat insulating plate 25 forms a heat storage chamber 20 with the lower plate and the housing therebetween. The housing is further provided with a lower incident light hole 23 located closer to the lower plate than the upper incident light hole 22, and the upper part of the lower incident light hole 23 corresponds to the light receiving cavity 21 and the lower part corresponds to the heat storage cavity 20. The heat storage cavity 20 is filled with a heat storage material such as molten salt or phase change material, and is used for storing part of high-temperature solar energy so as to maintain stable thermochemical reaction conditions. According to actual demand, external heat storage working medium tank can be additionally arranged, which is filled with heat storage material and is in closed connection with the heat storage cavity through a pipeline and a working medium pump, so as to improve heat storage capacity. The heat shield 25 is used to reduce the transfer of thermal energy from the ash and combustion chamber 19 to the heat storage chamber 20 during the conventional gasification stage and to promote stable combustion of solid carbon residue within the ash and combustion chamber 19.
A return downcomer 28 and an air duct 33 are also provided in the housing. The upper outlet of the return descending pipe 28 is directly connected with the bottom of the return groove 27, and the lower outlet is arranged in the ash and combustion cavity 19 and is communicated with the reaction cavity 18 and the ash and combustion cavity 19. The bottom of the lower bottom plate is provided with an air inlet 32, and an air pipe 33 penetrates through the heat insulation plate 25 and is connected with the air inlet 32 to communicate the outside with ash and slag and the combustion cavity 19.
The solar heat collection mirror field includes: the first heliostat field 2 and the second heliostat field 2', the structures of the heliostat fields and the heat collecting areas of the first heliostat field 2 and the second heliostat field 2' are designed independently, and solar heat energy with different temperature levels can be provided. The solar collector mirror field further comprises a control device for independently controlling the first heliostat field 2 and the second heliostat field 2', and projecting the solar rays focused by the first heliostat field 2 and the second heliostat field 2' into the solar gasification reactor 1 through the upper incident light hole 22 and the lower incident light hole 23, respectively.
The reactant feed 29 is externally connected to a reactant supply and a steam outlet of the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4. The reactant supply provides solid fuel and the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device 4 provides water vapor. The solid fuel and water vapor are fed into riser reaction section 24 through reactant feed 29 and into reaction chamber 18 for reaction. Preferably, the reactant supply is provided with adjustment means for adjusting the flow rate, etc. parameters of the reactant. The spout disturbance state of the reactant in the reaction cavity 18 is controlled by adjusting the parameters such as the inlet speed and flow of the reactant, so as to improve the reaction dynamics.
The all-weather operation solar gasification reactor provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can work in two working modes, and the operation mode of the solar gasification reactor 1 can be adjusted according to the solar radiation amount, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the period of sufficient solar energy resources such as daytime, the solar gasification reactor works in a solar gasification reaction mode, and solar energy is adopted to provide reaction heat required by driving solid fuel gasification.
In the period of insufficient solar radiation at night, the solar gasification reactor works in a conventional gasification reaction mode, and the heat generated by burning residual carbon generated by gasification reaction is used as reaction heat required for driving solid fuel gasification, so that all-weather stable operation of the solar gasification reactor is realized.
When the solar gasification reaction mode is operated, the air inlet 32 is locked, the focusing positions of the first heliostat field 2 and the second heliostat field 2 'are adjusted, the light focused by the second heliostat field 2' heats the riser reaction section 24 and the heat storage cavity 20 through the lower incident light hole 23, so that the fed solid fuel such as biomass is primarily heated and driven to carry out pyrolysis reaction, and part of high-temperature solar energy is stored through the heat storage cavity 20; the pyrolysis reaction products such as tar and coke generated by the pyrolysis reaction are continuously sent into the reaction cavity 18 through the riser reaction section 24, meanwhile, the first day mirror field 2 heats the reaction cavity 18 through the upper incident light hole 22, drives the pyrolysis reaction products to further carry out gasification reaction, finally generates gas products such as synthesis gas and the like to be output to the synthesis gas purification device 3 through the synthesis gas outlet 30, and generates solid wastes such as carbon residues and the like to be collected through the return chute 27, fall into the ash and combustion cavity 19 through the return downcomer 28, and finally are discharged through the ash outlet 31.
During the unstable operation period of the sun, the heat storage cavity 20 releases the stored high temperature heat energy to maintain the solid fuel such as biomass for stable gasification reaction. In addition, the focusing position of the second heliostat field 2' can be adjusted to provide a part of heat energy for the reaction chamber 18 through the upper incident light hole 22, so as to ensure the gasification reaction condition with higher temperature.
When the gasification device works in a conventional gasification reaction mode, the solar heat collecting mirror field, the upper incident light hole 22 and the lower incident light hole 23 are closed, the air inlet 32 is opened, air is introduced into the ash and the combustion cavity 19, the air and solid wastes such as carbon residue are subjected to combustion reaction to generate high-temperature heat energy, the riser reaction section 24 and the reaction cavity 18 are heated to drive solid fuels such as biomass to carry out pyrolysis and gasification reaction, ash generated by combustion is discharged through the ash outlet 31, and generated flue gas is output to the tail gas power generation subsystem C through the flue gas outlet 34.
Therefore, the all-weather running solar gasification reactor provided by the disclosure realizes the decomposition and conversion of solid fuels such as biomass, improves the utilization efficiency of the fuels, and improves the reaction characteristics of thermochemical conversion. By reasonably adjusting the heliostat field, the condensation and heat collection characteristics in the gasification process are optimized, the solar heat collection performance is improved, and the thermochemical conversion efficiency of solar energy is improved. The solar energy heat storage device can supplement insufficient heat energy of solar energy in transient state change by means of the heat storage device so as to maintain stable reaction conditions and ensure stable and efficient conversion of solid fuels such as biomass. The device integrates two operation energy supplies of solar drive gasification and conventional gasification, and can continuously ensure that solid fuels such as biomass and the like carry out gasification reaction in the night time period, so that continuous and stable operation of the device under all-weather conditions can be realized.
The solid fuel applicable to the present disclosure is not limited to biomass, but is also applicable to various solid fuels such as petroleum coke, biomass, coal, petroleum coke, oil shale, and the like. Liquid fuel synthesis reaction systems include, but are not limited to, fischer-Tropsch synthesis of diesel fuel, synthesis of methanol, dimethyl ether, ethanol, and the like.
The present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the foregoing description, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the present disclosure.
It should be noted that, in the drawings or the text of the specification, implementations not shown or described are all forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and not described in detail. Furthermore, the above definitions of the elements are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and may be modified or replaced simply by one skilled in the art, for example:
(1) Directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. mentioned in the embodiments are merely directions referring to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure;
(2) The above embodiments may be mixed with each other or other embodiments based on design and reliability, i.e. the technical features of the different embodiments may be freely combined to form more embodiments.
While the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and that any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. Solar energy gasification comprehensive utilization system based on all-weather solar energy gasification reactor, characterized by comprising:
a solar gasification subsystem comprising: the all-weather solar gasification reactor is used for all-weather generation of synthesis gas through solar gasification reaction and conventional gasification reaction and provides water vapor and high-temperature flue gas; wherein, the solar gasification reactor comprises: a hollow cylindrical housing; the upper cover plate is fixed at the top end of the shell; the lower bottom plate is fixed at the bottom end of the shell; the heat insulation plate is fixed inside the shell and is positioned between the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate; the material returning groove is arranged in the shell and is positioned between the upper cover plate and the heat insulation plate; the ash separating plate is fixed in the shell and is positioned between the heat insulating plate and the material returning groove; the reaction cavity is formed by the return chute, the upper cover plate and the shell, the return chute, the heat insulation plate and the shell, the middle cavity is formed by the return chute, the shell and the ash separation plate, and the middle cavity is divided into a light receiving cavity, ash and a combustion cavity; a riser reaction section is arranged in the shell, penetrates through the heat insulation plate, and the upper end of the riser reaction section is communicated with the reaction cavity; the ash separator is arranged between the riser reaction section and the inner wall of the shell; the shell forming the ash and the combustion cavity is provided with a smoke outlet and an ash outlet; the upper cover plate is provided with a synthetic gas outlet; a return descending pipe is arranged in the shell, an outlet at the upper end of the return descending pipe is connected with the bottom of the return tank, an outlet at the lower end of the return descending pipe is arranged in the ash and combustion cavity and is communicated with the reaction cavity, the ash and the combustion cavity; the shell forming the light receiving cavity is provided with an upper incident light hole which corresponds to the position of the material returning groove; the shell is also provided with a lower incident light hole; the bottom of the lower bottom plate is provided with a reactant inlet, and the lower end of the reaction section of the lifting pipe is communicated with the reactant inlet; the solar heat collection mirror field includes: a first heliostat field and a second heliostat field; when the solar gasification reactor works in a solar gasification reaction mode, the light focused by the second heliostat place heats the riser reaction section through the incident light hole at the lower part, and primary heating is carried out on reactants and pyrolysis reaction is driven to be carried out; the pyrolysis reaction products are sent into a reaction cavity through the riser reaction section, the first heliostat field enables focused light to enter a light receiving cavity through an upper incident light hole, a high-temperature heat source is transferred to the reaction cavity, the pyrolysis reaction products are driven to further carry out gasification reaction, generated synthesis gas is output to a synthesis gas purification device through a synthesis gas outlet, generated solid ash is collected through a returning chute and falls into ash and a combustion cavity through a returning falling pipe, and the ash is discharged through an ash outlet;
a liquid fuel synthesis subsystem for processing the synthesis gas to obtain a liquid product and a partial gaseous product;
and the tail gas power generation subsystem utilizes the gaseous product to burn and drive the fuel gas to do work and circularly generate power, utilizes the high-temperature flue gas and the water vapor to produce the high-temperature water vapor and drives the vapor to do work and circularly generate power.
2. The solar gasification integrated utilization system of claim 1, wherein the solar gasification subsystem further comprises:
the solar heat collection mirror field is used for providing the reaction heat required by the solar gasification reaction;
the synthesis gas purifying device is used for receiving the synthesis gas generated by the solar gasification reactor and removing solid impurities in the synthesis gas;
and the synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device is used for receiving the synthesis gas output by the synthesis gas purification device, recovering the high-temperature sensible heat of the synthesis gas, generating steam and outputting the synthesis gas to the liquid fuel synthesis subsystem.
3. The solar gasification integrated utilization system of claim 1, wherein the liquid fuel synthesis subsystem comprises:
a first compressor for compressing the synthesis gas;
a synthesis gas conversion reactor for receiving the synthesis gas output by the first compressor and adjusting H in the synthesis gas 2 And the ratio of CO;
the desulfurization purification device receives the synthesis gas output by the synthesis gas conversion reactor and separates and removes sulfur components contained in the synthesis gas;
the liquid fuel synthesis tower receives the synthesis gas output by the desulfurization purification device, and performs liquid fuel synthesis reaction of methanol synthesis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to generate a first gaseous product, a second gaseous product and a liquid product, wherein the first gaseous product is sent to a first compressor, and the second gaseous product is sent to the tail gas power generation subsystem;
and the oil storage tank is used for storing the liquid product.
4. The solar gasification integrated utilization system of claim 3, wherein the tail gas power generation subsystem comprises:
the air is compressed by the second compressor and then enters the combustion chamber, and the compressed air and a second gaseous product are combusted in the combustion chamber to drive the gas turbine to work;
the waste heat boiler receives high-temperature flue gas and water vapor generated by the solar gasification subsystem and flue gas discharged by the gas turbine, produces the high-temperature water vapor and drives the steam to do work and circulate to generate electricity;
the low-temperature flue gas waste heat recoverer is used for recovering the low-temperature flue gas waste heat discharged by the waste heat boiler.
5. The solar gasification integrated utilization system of claim 2,
the solar gasification reactor adopts an integrated hierarchical gasification reaction structure, and a reaction cavity, an ash and slag combustion cavity, a light receiving cavity and a heat storage cavity are formed in the solar gasification reactor;
in a period of sufficient solar energy resources, the solar gasification reactor works in a solar gasification reaction mode, and the solar heat collection mirror field is used for providing reaction heat; the reactants are subjected to gasification reaction in the reaction cavity under the drive of reaction heat, and the ash and the combustion cavity are used for collecting solid ash of the gasification reaction;
in the period of insufficient solar radiation, the solar gasification reactor works in a conventional gasification reaction mode, air and solid ash are combusted in the ash and a combustion cavity to generate high-temperature combustion heat, reactants are driven by the high-temperature combustion heat to carry out gasification reaction in the reaction cavity, and the ash and the combustion cavity are used for collecting solid ash of gasification reaction.
6. The solar gasification integrated utilization system of claim 1,
a heat storage cavity is formed in the solar gasification reactor and used for storing part of high-temperature solar energy so as to maintain stable gasification reaction conditions; the heat insulation plate, the lower bottom plate and the shell form the heat storage cavity; the heat storage cavity is filled with heat storage materials, or the heat storage cavity is connected with an external heat storage working medium tank through a pipeline and a working medium pump, and the external heat storage working medium tank is filled with the heat storage materials so as to improve the heat storage capacity;
a part of light focused by the second heliostat field heats the heat storage cavity through the lower incident light hole; during the unstable operation period of the sun, the heat storage cavity releases the stored high-temperature heat energy to maintain stable gasification reaction conditions.
7. The solar gasification comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, wherein an air pipe is arranged in the shell, an air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the lower bottom plate, and the air pipe penetrates through the heat insulation plate and is connected with the air inlet to communicate the outside with ash and the combustion cavity.
8. The solar gasification comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, wherein when the solar gasification reactor works in a conventional gasification reaction mode, an air inlet is opened, air is introduced into ash and a combustion cavity, the air and solid ash undergo a combustion reaction to generate high-temperature heat energy, reactants are driven to carry out pyrolysis and gasification reaction through a heating riser reaction section and a material returning groove, the generated ash is discharged through an ash outlet, and generated flue gas is output to a tail gas power generation subsystem through a flue gas outlet.
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