JP2004278876A - Heat pump type hot water supply heater - Google Patents

Heat pump type hot water supply heater Download PDF

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JP2004278876A
JP2004278876A JP2003069077A JP2003069077A JP2004278876A JP 2004278876 A JP2004278876 A JP 2004278876A JP 2003069077 A JP2003069077 A JP 2003069077A JP 2003069077 A JP2003069077 A JP 2003069077A JP 2004278876 A JP2004278876 A JP 2004278876A
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refrigerant
hot water
heat pump
water supply
heating
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JP2003069077A
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JP3811682B2 (en
JP2004278876A5 (en
Inventor
Taichi Tanaami
太一 店網
Hideyuki Nakamura
英幸 中村
Tetsuya Kitamura
哲也 北村
Yoshihiko Kenmori
仁彦 権守
Kazuhiro Endo
和広 遠藤
Akinobu Okamura
哲信 岡村
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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Hitachi Home and Life Solutions Inc
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Priority to JP2003069077A priority Critical patent/JP3811682B2/en
Priority to CNB2004100019080A priority patent/CN100472138C/en
Priority to KR10-2004-0005223A priority patent/KR100524578B1/en
Publication of JP2004278876A publication Critical patent/JP2004278876A/en
Publication of JP2004278876A5 publication Critical patent/JP2004278876A5/ja
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem on the impairing of the efficiency of a conventional system wherein the water of high temperature absorbing the heat from a refrigerant circuit of a heat pump cycle is stored, and the hot water for heating is prepared by absorbing the heat again from the stored hot water, to perform the heating. <P>SOLUTION: In this hot water supply heater, a channel of a refrigerant of high temperature of the heat pump cycle is switched, when the refrigerant is supplied to a water/refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply, to send the refrigerant of high temperature to a water/refrigerant heat exchanger for heating, and the heating operation of high efficiency is performed by using the directly heat-exchanged hot water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はヒートポンプサイクルを用いて給湯および暖房を行う給湯暖房機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来技術のヒートポンプ貯湯式給湯暖房機として、ヒートポンプサイクルにより高温に貯湯したタンク内の上部に設けた水循環式の熱交換器を設け、タンク内に貯湯された高温水と暖房機で放熱して戻った低温水が熱交換器内を循環することにより高温貯湯側から吸熱して再昇温し循環ポンプを介して暖房機に温水を循環させることにより暖房を行うシステムが特開２００２−３４９９６４号公報（以下、特許文献１）に開示されている。
【０００３】
本従来技術のタンク内高温貯湯運転はヒートポンプサイクルの高圧高温の冷媒回路と循環ポンプによりタンク底部から吸入した循環水により熱交換を行い、水回路内の水温を昇温させてからタンク上部に戻し貯湯を行っている。
【０００４】
従って、ヒートポンプサイクルから水回路と冷媒回路との熱交換を行う水冷媒熱交換器を介して一旦高温水をタンクに貯湯し、この高温水と暖房機内を循環する水回路との熱交換を別途設置した水熱交換器を用いて吸熱し暖房運転を行うため、ヒートポンプサイクルから貯湯タンクに高温水を貯湯するための水冷媒熱交換と、暖房機へ高温水を循環するためのタンク内高温水と暖房水回路との水水熱交換の合計２回の熱交換を行わなければならない。このため、熱交換効率が低下し、システムのエネルギー効率が低下する恐れがある。
【０００５】
また、他の給湯暖房システムとして、例えばエチレングリコール水溶液などの熱媒を循環させて貯湯タンク内の水を温めたり、床暖房運転を行うことが特開２００２−２８６２３１号公報（以下、特許文献２）に開示されている。
【０００６】
特許文献２のシステムでは給湯用のタンク内高温水貯湯運転はタンク内に設置された電気ヒーターにより行っており、貯湯のエネルギー効率（加熱能力／使用電力）は１以下の低効率化を招く。また、暖房安定後に使用するヒートポンプサイクルによる暖房回路は別途暖房用熱源機を設置するためシステムの大形化が懸念されるとともに、ヒートポンプサイクルは給湯には使用されず暖房専用の熱源機として構成されているため夏季などの暖房運転不要時期では動作せず年間利用の観点からは過剰な構成となる。また、冬期においては暖房の立上りに要する使用熱量が増大するためタンク内の貯湯熱量が減少し、対応としてタンク容量を大きくするか、電気代の高い昼間貯湯運転を行う必要が生じることがある。
【特許文献１】
特開２００２−３４９９６４号公報（要約）
【特許文献２】
特開２００２−２８６２３１号公報（要約）
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記不具合、即ち暖房運転する場合に高温水をタンクに貯湯させるヒートポンプ運転ではヒートポンプサイクルから吸熱するため、冷媒回路とタンク水回路を接触あるいは接合した水冷媒熱交換器を用い、更にこの高温貯湯された高温水から暖房機に利用する循環水の温度上昇を得るために水熱交換器をタンク内に設置する必要がある。従って、暖房用に温水を循環するにはヒートポンプサイクルで吸熱した熱源を一旦水冷媒熱交換器によりタンク水回路に吸熱貯湯し、このタンク内高温水から水熱交換器を介して暖房機用循環水に吸熱させ暖房用温水を作らなけらばならない。熱交換を行う場合には熱交換効率が生じ、当該システムのように高温冷媒回路からタンク貯湯への熱交換、タンク貯湯した高温水から更に暖房用循環水への熱交換と２重に熱交換させるため熱損失が増加し、暖房システムとして効率低下を招く。また、暖房の立上げは貯湯タンク内高温水からの吸熱により暖房用温水を作り、立上げ後はヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒回路から暖房用熱源を吸熱するシステムではヒートポンプサイクル熱源機がタンク貯湯には使用されず暖房専用の熱源機となるため貯湯および立上げ暖房用高温水は電気ヒーターを用いたタンクユニットにより運転される。安定時の暖房運転は専用のヒートポンプサイクル熱源機が必要となりシステムの大形化およびヒートポンプサイクル熱源機の夏季など暖房運転不要時の運転率低下が予想される。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、ヒートポンプサイクル熱源機による直接給湯および暖房を行う給湯暖房システムを用い、暖房時も熱交換効率を向上させるため冷媒管と暖房用温水を暖房専用に直接熱交換させる水冷媒熱交換器を給湯用水冷媒熱交換器とは別に並列に設置する。また、圧縮機出口の高温冷媒は給湯用と暖房用の水冷媒熱交換器手前に設置した切換え弁により冷媒回路が変更され、減圧装置手前で給湯用熱交換器と暖房用熱交換器の各々出口パイプが合流する。尚、暖房用の水冷媒熱交換器出口から給湯用水冷媒熱交換器出口との合流部手前に減圧装置側に向かった流れ方向の逆止弁を設置し、暖房停止中のサイクルパイプ内に冷媒が凝縮することを防止する。
【０００９】
このような暖房用回路を構成することにより暖房用熱源をヒートポンプサイクルの高温冷媒回路から直接効率良く吸熱し、水冷媒熱交換器の小形化が可能となり、高効率な暖房運転を行うことができる。また、本発明のヒートポンプサイクル熱源機は高出力とし、貯湯用の大容量タンクユニットは使用せず給湯時はヒートポンプサイクル冷媒回路と給湯水回路の給湯用水冷媒熱交換器により直接給湯を行う。暖房も同様に冷媒回路と暖房水回路の水冷媒熱交換器により行われるため、熱交換器、切換え弁、逆支弁等はヒートポンプサイクル熱源機内に収納可能であり、給湯暖房システムの集約、コンパクト構造および製造原価の低減に貢献できる。
【００１０】
以上のようなヒートポンプ給湯暖房機の給湯回路および暖房回路を冷凍サイクル、給湯用水冷媒熱交換器、暖房用水冷媒熱交換器、暖房機器、切換え弁などから構成することにより暖房熱源の高効率熱交換、暖房回路の低原価構成を得ることができる。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施例を図１を用いて説明する。図１は本実施例のヒートポンプサイクル熱源機を用いた給湯および床暖房回路を示しており、１は回転数制御可能な圧縮機、２は外気との熱交換により吸熱を行う蒸発器、３は蒸発器２への送風を行い熱交換を促進する送風機、４は凝縮した高温高圧冷媒を減圧させる減圧装置、５は外気が低温時に蒸発器に着霜し運転時間とともに着霜量が増大したとき高温冷媒ガスを蒸発器に流入させて除霜を行う２方弁である。本実施例ではヒートポンプサイクルが２系統独立して構成され、圧縮機、蒸発器、減圧装置、ファン等は各々２台用いており、添字ａおよびｂはサイクルに用いる機器の系統を区別している。添字ａは第１系統のヒートポンプサイクル、添字ｂは第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルを示している。給湯用の水冷媒熱交換器６は、冷媒回路と給湯・タンク沸上げ・風呂追焚き水回路が接触し熱交換を行う。床暖房用水冷媒熱交換器８は床暖房パネル９に這わせたパイプに循環ポンプ７により送水する温水をつくる。２１は給湯および床暖房運転の冷媒回路を切り換えるための３方向切り変え弁である。１０は逆止弁であり、暖房用水冷媒熱交換器８の冷媒回路出口と減圧装置４ａの間に設置される。給湯用水冷媒熱交換器の冷媒回路は補助貯湯タンク１３の周囲に螺旋状に設置され、この周囲を断熱材で覆うため冷媒回路はタンクからの熱伝導により高温に保持され、停止中に冷媒が凝縮することはない。１１は給湯、風呂湯張りを行う時の給水口、１２は洗面、台所などへ出湯させるための出湯口である。バイパス比例弁１９は給水された水を出湯する水に混合するために通過させる弁である。水比例弁２０は、必要に応じて混合弁１８で混合された給湯用水冷媒熱交換器６からの水と貯湯タンク１３からの水からなる高温の水と、給水口１１からの低い温度の水とが混ぜられて、その温度が適切になった水の出湯量の調節を行う。出湯口１２の１７は風呂１５へ自動湯張りを行う場合の注湯電磁弁を示す。また、１６は風呂１５の追焚きを行う場合の循環ポンプを示している。１４は補助貯湯タンク１３に貯湯する場合、水冷媒熱交換器６を介してタンクに循環させるタンク沸上げ用ポンプである。
【００１２】
ここで、貯湯タンクは少容量であり給湯開始時のヒートポンプサイクルが立ち上がりの過渡状態にある時、混合弁１８を介して給湯回路にタンク内温水が補助的に供給される。
【００１３】
図２は本実施例で示した給湯、追焚き用水冷媒熱交換器の一例であり、２５は第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒管、２６は給湯、タンク沸上げ用水管、２７は第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒管、２８は風呂追焚き用の水管であり各々偏平に成形され各管の接触面積を増加させている。各第１系統ヒートポンプサイクル冷媒管、給湯用水管、第２系統ヒートポンプサイクル冷媒管、風呂追焚き用水管は４本を１組として螺旋状に成形し補助貯湯タンクの周囲に設置する構造としている。
【００１４】
図３は床暖房用の水冷媒熱交換器であり、２９は第１のヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒管、３０は床暖房用の温水管であり、第１ヒートポンプサイクル冷媒管、床暖房用水管の２本を１組として螺旋状に成形し、給湯用水冷媒熱交換器と同様に補助貯湯タンク周囲に設置する構造としている。
【００１５】
尚、給湯用および暖房用水冷媒熱交換器として、水管周囲から冷媒用細管を複数本押込み成形した熱交換器等、種々の熱交換器を螺旋状あるいは直管に成形して使用することも可能である。
【００１６】
このような構成からなるヒートポンプ給湯暖房機において給湯および風呂湯張り、風呂追焚き、タンク沸上げ運転は１系統および２系統のヒートポンプサイクルを同時駆動することによりタンクからの補助出湯を少なくして大部分の出湯をヒートポンプサイクルの吸熱から直接行うことができ、高効率な給湯運転となる。
【００１７】
一方、本発明の構成による床暖房を行う場合は図４に示す如く１系統のみのヒートポンプサイクルを運転し、冷媒流路切換え弁を床暖房側へ冷媒流路を切り換え、床暖房パネルへ温水を循環させるための循環ポンプを運転する。一般的に床暖房の立上り負荷は３ｋＷ、安定時負荷は１から２ｋＷ程度と少ないため、１系統のみの運転でも充分対応可能である。また、床暖房用の温水は、ヒートポンプサイクルの高温側冷媒と熱交換して作るため熱交換効率が高く、エネルギー効率に優れた床暖房運転を行うことができる。床暖房の温度調節はパネル温度を検知したリモコン２３から設定温度との温度差によりヒートポンプサイクルの圧縮機回転数を制御器２２に与えて調整し水冷媒熱交換器からの吸熱量を増減しパネル温度を制御する。ただし、床暖房運転中に給湯の要求があった場合は先ず、床暖房回路に未接続の第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルを起動し給湯運転を行う。更に第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルの給湯能力を超える出湯負荷が発生した場合は第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒流路を切換え弁により給湯回路側に切り換え、床暖房運転を一時停止する。
【００１８】
また、床暖房を運転してしばらく経過している場合は、床暖房パネル内の温水が十分温まっているため、次のような運転制御が効果的である。すなわち、第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルが床暖房運転を行っているときに給湯の要求があった場合、第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルの運転を開始すると共に、既に運転状態にあった第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルの３方切換え弁２１を切り換え高温高圧の冷媒の全量を給湯用水冷媒熱交換器６に流す。
【００１９】
そして第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒が十分高温になり単独で湯を供給できるようになったら、出湯は第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルのみで出湯運転する。そして、第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルは３方切換え弁２１が流路を切換え、もとの床暖房運転に戻る。
【００２０】
また、本実施例では冷媒流路切換えを３方切換え弁２１を使用しているため、床暖房運転中は第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルによる給湯側運転は停止されるが、図５に示す如く３方向の内２方向に同時に流出できる弁を使用すると第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルと第１系統のヒートポンプサイクル能力のうち、暖房負荷を除く能力は給湯側に追加できるため床暖房と高負荷の給湯の同時運転が可能になる。
【００２１】
また、給湯用水冷媒熱交換器および暖房用水冷媒熱交換器の各々の出口側に開度可変の電動式膨張弁を設置しても同様の制御が可能である。
【００２２】
尚、本実施例では暖房機として床暖房パネルを接続しているが、浴室乾燥、浴室暖房、および室内暖房機などの接続も可能であり、また、複数の暖房機機器を接続することも可能である。
【００２３】
また、ヒートポンプサイクルに使用する冷媒に自然系冷媒を用いた場合、特に二酸化炭素を使用し従来の貯湯式タンクに高温水（９０℃）を貯湯すると周囲温度との温度差が大きくなりタンクからの放熱量が増加する。本発明では給湯あるいは暖房運転の要求が発生したときにヒートポンプサイクルを運転し冷媒回路と温水回路で高効率熱交換を行い、保温による熱漏洩もないため給湯暖房システムの省電力化が顕著に現れる。
【００２４】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば回転数制御可能な圧縮機を２台用いて、各々独立したヒートポンプサイクル系統を構成し、第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒回路に暖房用水冷媒熱交換器を設置し、当該熱交換器からの吸熱により昇温した温水を循環ポンプにより暖房機器内に循環することにより効率的な暖房運転を行うことができる。また、ヒートポンプサイクルを２系統に各々独立して構成することにより暖房運転中においても第２系統のヒートポンプサイクルは給湯運転が可能であり第２系統ヒートポンプサイクル能力で賄える給湯負荷と暖房運転を同時に行うことができる。
【００２５】
また、第２系統ヒートポンプサイクルの給湯能力以上の給湯負荷と暖房要求が同時に発生する場合は第１系統のヒートポンプサイクルの３方向切換え弁の構造を２方向同時流出可能な切換え弁を使用する構成により高負荷の給湯および暖房の同時運転が可能となる。
【００２６】
以上のように、本発明によればヒートポンプ給湯暖房機において給湯と暖房運転を少ない部品構成で効率的に達成できる給湯暖房機を提供することができる。
【００２７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば効率的な暖房運転を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施例における給湯暖房機の構成図。
【図２】本発明に係わる給湯、風呂追焚きに使用可能な水冷媒熱交換器の構造図。
【図３】本発明に係わる暖房に使用可能な水冷媒熱交換器の構造図。
【図４】本発明に係わる床暖房の運転制御を行うための構成図。
【図５】本発明に係わる給湯、暖房同時運転の冷媒回路に３方弁を用いた構成図。
【符号の説明】
１…回転数制御圧縮機、４…蒸発器、６…給湯用水冷媒熱交換器、８…暖房用水冷媒熱交換器、９…床暖房パネル、１１…給水口、１２…出湯口、１３…補助貯湯タンク、１５…浴槽、１９…バイパス比例弁、２０…水比例弁、２１…冷媒流路切換え弁、２２…サイクル制御装置、２３…床暖房用リモコン、２４…２方向流出３方切換え弁。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot water supply / room heater that performs hot water supply and heating using a heat pump cycle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional heat pump hot water storage type hot water supply and heating machine, a water circulation type heat exchanger provided at the top of the tank where hot water was stored by the heat pump cycle was installed, and the hot water stored in the tank and the hot water released heat and returned. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-349964 discloses a system in which heated low-temperature water absorbs heat from a high-temperature hot-water storage side by circulating in a heat exchanger, reheats the temperature, and circulates hot water to a heater through a circulation pump to perform heating. (Hereinafter, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
In the conventional hot water storage operation in the tank, heat exchange is performed by the high pressure and high temperature refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle and the circulating water sucked from the bottom of the tank by the circulation pump, and the water temperature in the water circuit is raised and then returned to the top of the tank. We are storing hot water.
[0004]
Therefore, high-temperature water is temporarily stored in a tank from a heat pump cycle via a water-refrigerant heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between a water circuit and a refrigerant circuit, and heat exchange between the high-temperature water and a water circuit circulating in the heater is separately performed. To perform heating operation by absorbing heat using the installed water heat exchanger, water refrigerant heat exchange for storing high-temperature water in the hot water storage tank from the heat pump cycle and high-temperature water in the tank for circulating high-temperature water to the heater A total of two heat exchanges of water and heat exchange with the heating water circuit must be performed. For this reason, the heat exchange efficiency may decrease, and the energy efficiency of the system may decrease.
[0005]
As another hot water supply / heating system, for example, a heating medium such as an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol is circulated to heat water in a hot water storage tank or perform floor heating operation as disclosed in JP-A-2002-286231 (hereinafter, Patent Document 2). ).
[0006]
In the system of Patent Literature 2, the operation of storing hot water in the tank for hot water supply is performed by an electric heater installed in the tank, and the energy efficiency (heating capacity / power consumption) of the hot water storage is reduced to 1 or less. In addition, the heating circuit based on the heat pump cycle used after the heating is stabilized requires the installation of a separate heat source unit for heating.Therefore, there is a concern that the system may become large, and the heat pump cycle is not used for hot water supply but is configured as a dedicated heat source unit for heating. Therefore, it does not operate at the time when the heating operation is unnecessary such as in the summer season, and is excessively configured from the viewpoint of annual use. Also, in winter, the amount of heat used to start heating increases, and the amount of hot water stored in the tank decreases. In some cases, it is necessary to increase the tank capacity or perform daytime hot water storage operation with a high electricity bill.
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-349964 (abstract)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-286231 (abstract)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention uses the water-refrigerant heat exchanger in which the refrigerant circuit and the tank water circuit are contacted or joined in order to absorb the heat from the heat pump cycle in the heat pump operation in which high-temperature water is stored in the tank during the heating operation. It is necessary to install a water heat exchanger in the tank in order to obtain a rise in the temperature of the circulating water used for the heater from the hot water stored at a high temperature. Therefore, in order to circulate hot water for heating, the heat source that absorbed heat in the heat pump cycle is temporarily absorbed and stored in the tank water circuit by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the high-temperature water in this tank is circulated for the heater through the water heat exchanger. The water must absorb heat to make warm water for heating. When heat exchange is performed, heat exchange efficiency occurs, and heat exchange from the high-temperature refrigerant circuit to the tank hot water and heat exchange from the high-temperature water stored in the tank to the circulating water for heating as in this system are performed twice. As a result, heat loss increases and the efficiency of the heating system decreases. In addition, when heating is started, hot water for heating is created by absorbing heat from the high-temperature water in the hot water storage tank, and after startup, the heat pump cycle heat source unit is used for tank storage in systems that absorb heat from the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle. Instead, it becomes a heat source device exclusively for heating, and the hot water for storage and startup heating is operated by a tank unit using an electric heater. Heating operation in a stable state requires a dedicated heat pump cycle heat source unit, and it is expected that the system will be larger and the operating rate will decrease when the heat pump cycle heat source unit does not need heating operation in summer, for example.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a hot water supply and heating system that performs direct hot water supply and heating by a heat pump cycle heat source device is used, and in order to improve heat exchange efficiency even during heating, water that directly exchanges heat between a refrigerant pipe and heating hot water exclusively for heating is used. The refrigerant heat exchanger is installed in parallel with the water refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply. In addition, the refrigerant circuit of the high-temperature refrigerant at the compressor outlet is changed by a switching valve installed in front of the water refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply and heating, and each of the heat exchanger for hot water supply and the heat exchanger for heating in front of the pressure reducing device. The outlet pipes merge. In addition, a check valve in the flow direction toward the decompression device side is installed before the junction with the outlet of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger for heating and the outlet of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger for hot-water supply, and the refrigerant is inserted into the cycle pipe during which heating is stopped. To prevent condensation.
[0009]
By configuring such a heating circuit, the heat source for heating can efficiently and directly absorb heat from the high-temperature refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle, and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger can be downsized, thereby performing high-efficiency heating operation. . In addition, the heat pump cycle heat source device of the present invention has a high output, and does not use a large-capacity tank unit for storing hot water, and directly supplies hot water by a heat pump cycle refrigerant circuit and a hot water supply water refrigerant heat exchanger in a hot water supply circuit when hot water is supplied. Heating is also performed by the refrigerant circuit and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger in the heating water circuit, so that the heat exchanger, switching valve, check valve, etc. can be stored in the heat pump cycle heat source unit, consolidating the hot water supply / heating system and compact structure. And it can contribute to reduction of manufacturing cost.
[0010]
High-efficiency heat exchange of the heating heat source by configuring the hot water supply circuit and the heating circuit of the above heat pump hot water supply / heating unit with a refrigeration cycle, a water refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply, a water refrigerant heat exchanger for heating, a heating device, a switching valve, and the like. Thus, a low-cost configuration of the heating circuit can be obtained.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a hot water supply and floor heating circuit using the heat pump cycle heat source device of the present embodiment, 1 is a compressor whose rotation speed can be controlled, 2 is an evaporator that absorbs heat by exchanging heat with outside air, and 3 is A blower that blows air to the evaporator 2 to promote heat exchange, 4 is a decompression device that decompresses the condensed high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and 5 is a case where the outside air is frosted on the evaporator when the temperature is low and the amount of frost increases with the operation time. This is a two-way valve that causes high-temperature refrigerant gas to flow into the evaporator to perform defrosting. In this embodiment, two heat pump cycles are independently configured, two compressors, evaporators, decompression devices, and two fans are used, respectively, and the subscripts a and b distinguish the system of equipment used in the cycle. The suffix a indicates the first heat pump cycle, and the suffix b indicates the second heat pump cycle. In the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 for hot water supply, the refrigerant circuit and the hot water supply / tank boiling / bath reheating water circuit come into contact with each other to perform heat exchange. The floor-heating water-refrigerant heat exchanger 8 produces hot water to be sent by the circulation pump 7 to a pipe laid on the floor heating panel 9. Reference numeral 21 denotes a three-way switching valve for switching the refrigerant circuit between the hot water supply and the floor heating operation. A check valve 10 is installed between the refrigerant circuit outlet of the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 8 for heating and the pressure reducing device 4a. The refrigerant circuit of the hot-water supply water-refrigerant heat exchanger is spirally installed around the auxiliary hot water storage tank 13, and the surroundings are covered with a heat insulating material so that the refrigerant circuit is maintained at a high temperature by heat conduction from the tank. It does not condense. Reference numeral 11 denotes a water supply port for supplying hot water and bath water, and reference numeral 12 denotes a water supply port for supplying hot water to a washing surface, a kitchen, or the like. The bypass proportional valve 19 is a valve that allows the supplied water to pass through for mixing with the tap water. The water proportional valve 20 includes high-temperature water composed of water from the hot-water supply water-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 and water from the hot water storage tank 13 mixed with the mixing valve 18 as necessary, and low-temperature water from the water supply port 11. Is adjusted so that the temperature of the water is adjusted to an appropriate level. Reference numeral 17 of the tap hole 12 denotes a pouring solenoid valve for automatically filling the bath 15 with hot water. Reference numeral 16 denotes a circulation pump for reheating the bath 15. Reference numeral 14 denotes a tank boiling pump that circulates the water through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 6 when storing hot water in the auxiliary hot water storage tank 13.
[0012]
Here, the hot water storage tank has a small capacity, and when the heat pump cycle at the start of hot water supply is in a transient state of rising, hot water in the tank is supplementarily supplied to the hot water supply circuit via the mixing valve 18.
[0013]
FIG. 2 shows an example of a water-refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply and additional heating shown in the present embodiment, 25 is a refrigerant pipe of a first heat pump cycle, 26 is hot water supply, a water pipe for tank boiling, and 27 is a second water pipe. The refrigerant pipes 28 of the heat pump cycle are water pipes for additional heating of the bath, and are each formed in a flat shape to increase the contact area of each pipe. Each of the first system heat pump cycle refrigerant pipe, the hot water supply water pipe, the second system heat pump cycle refrigerant pipe, and the bath additional heating water pipe is formed into a set of four in a spiral shape and installed around the auxiliary hot water storage tank.
[0014]
FIG. 3 shows a water-refrigerant heat exchanger for floor heating, 29 is a refrigerant pipe for the first heat pump cycle, 30 is a hot water pipe for floor heating, and two of a first heat pump cycle refrigerant pipe and a floor heating water pipe. The books are spirally formed as a set, and are arranged around the auxiliary hot water storage tank in the same manner as the hot water supply water / refrigerant heat exchanger.
[0015]
Various types of heat exchangers, such as a heat exchanger in which a plurality of thin tubes for refrigerant are pushed in from around the water pipe, can be used as a water-refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply and heating. It is.
[0016]
In the heat pump hot water supply / heating unit having such a configuration, the hot water supply and bath water filling, bath reheating, and tank boiling operation are performed by simultaneously driving one and two heat pump cycles to reduce the amount of auxiliary hot water from the tank. Hot water can be supplied directly from the heat absorption of the heat pump cycle, resulting in a highly efficient hot water supply operation.
[0017]
On the other hand, when performing floor heating according to the configuration of the present invention, only one heat pump cycle is operated as shown in FIG. 4, the refrigerant flow switching valve is switched to the floor heating side, and the hot water is supplied to the floor heating panel. Operate a circulation pump for circulation. In general, the rising load of floor heating is as small as 3 kW, and the load during stable operation is as small as about 1 to 2 kW. Further, the hot water for floor heating is produced by exchanging heat with the high-temperature side refrigerant of the heat pump cycle, so that the floor heating operation with high heat exchange efficiency and excellent energy efficiency can be performed. The temperature of the floor heating is controlled by giving the controller 22 the rotation speed of the heat pump cycle to the controller 22 according to the temperature difference from the set temperature from the remote controller 23 which detects the panel temperature to increase or decrease the amount of heat absorbed from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger. Control the temperature. However, when there is a request for hot water supply during the floor heating operation, first, the second system heat pump cycle not connected to the floor heating circuit is started to perform the hot water supply operation. Further, when a tapping load exceeding the hot water supply capacity of the second heat pump cycle occurs, the refrigerant flow path of the first heat pump cycle is switched to the hot water supply circuit side by a switching valve, and the floor heating operation is temporarily stopped.
[0018]
When a certain time has elapsed since the floor heating was operated, the hot water in the floor heating panel is sufficiently warm, and the following operation control is effective. That is, when a request for hot water supply is made while the first system heat pump cycle is performing the floor heating operation, the second system heat pump cycle is started and the first system heat pump that is already in operation is started. The three-way switching valve 21 of the cycle is switched so that the entire amount of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows through the hot-water supply water-refrigerant heat exchanger 6.
[0019]
Then, when the temperature of the refrigerant in the second heat pump cycle becomes sufficiently high and hot water can be supplied alone, the tapping operation is performed only by the second heat pump cycle. Then, in the first heat pump cycle, the three-way switching valve 21 switches the flow path, and returns to the original floor heating operation.
[0020]
Further, in this embodiment, the three-way switching valve 21 is used for switching the refrigerant flow path, so that the hot water supply side operation by the first heat pump cycle is stopped during the floor heating operation, but as shown in FIG. If a valve that can simultaneously flow in two of the directions is used, of the heat pump cycle capacity of the second system and the heat pump cycle of the first system, the capacity excluding the heating load can be added to the hot water supply side. Simultaneous operation becomes possible.
[0021]
Further, the same control can be performed by installing a variable opening electric expansion valve on the outlet side of each of the hot water supply water refrigerant heat exchanger and the heating water refrigerant heat exchanger.
[0022]
In this embodiment, a floor heating panel is connected as a heater, but it is also possible to connect a bathroom dryer, a bathroom heater, an indoor heater, and the like, and it is also possible to connect a plurality of heater devices. It is.
[0023]
Also, when a natural refrigerant is used as the refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle, particularly when carbon dioxide is used and hot water (90 ° C.) is stored in a conventional hot water storage tank, the temperature difference from the ambient temperature increases, and the temperature from the tank increases. The heat radiation increases. In the present invention, when a request for hot water supply or heating operation is generated, the heat pump cycle is operated to perform high-efficiency heat exchange between the refrigerant circuit and the hot water circuit, and there is no heat leakage due to heat retention, so that the power saving of the hot water supply / heating system appears remarkably. .
[0024]
As described above, according to the present invention, an independent heat pump cycle system is formed by using two compressors capable of controlling the number of rotations, and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger for heating is provided in the refrigerant circuit of the first heat pump cycle. Is installed, and the efficient heating operation can be performed by circulating the warm water heated by the heat absorption from the heat exchanger into the heating device by the circulation pump. Further, by independently configuring the heat pump cycle into two systems, the second system heat pump cycle can perform hot water supply operation even during the heating operation, and simultaneously performs the hot water supply load and the heating operation that can be covered by the second system heat pump cycle capability. be able to.
[0025]
Also, when a hot water supply load and a heating request that are higher than the hot water supply capacity of the second heat pump cycle occur simultaneously, the structure of the three-way switching valve of the first heat pump cycle is changed to a structure using a switching valve that can simultaneously flow in two directions. High-load hot water supply and heating can be operated simultaneously.
[0026]
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a hot water supply / room heater capable of efficiently achieving hot water supply and heating operation with a small number of components in a heat pump hot water supply / room heater.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an efficient heating operation can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a hot water supply / room heater in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a water-refrigerant heat exchanger that can be used for hot water supply and bath reheating according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a water-refrigerant heat exchanger usable for heating according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram for controlling the operation of floor heating according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram using a three-way valve in a refrigerant circuit for simultaneous operation of hot water supply and heating according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotation speed control compressor, 4 ... Evaporator, 6 ... Water refrigerant heat exchanger for hot water supply, 8 ... Water refrigerant heat exchanger for heating, 9 ... Floor heating panel, 11 ... Water supply port, 12 ... Hot water outlet, 13 ... Auxiliary Hot water storage tank, 15 bathtub, 19 bypass proportional valve, 20 water proportional valve, 21 refrigerant path switching valve, 22 cycle control device, 23 remote control for floor heating, 24 two-way outflow three-way switching valve.

Claims (6)

冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機から吐出された高温の冷媒が供給される給湯用水冷媒熱交換器と、そこで熱交換された冷媒を減圧する減圧装置と、減圧された冷媒を気化する蒸発器とを順次接続したヒートポンプサイクルと、給水された水を減圧する減圧弁と、前記水冷媒熱交換器で温められた水の出湯量を調節する水比例弁とを備える給湯回路と、前記ヒートポンプサイクルから分岐した冷媒により熱交換を行う暖房用水冷媒熱交換器と、その暖房用熱交換器により昇温した水を暖房機器に循環させる温水暖房回路と、を有するヒートポンプ式給湯暖房機。A hot water supply water-refrigerant heat exchanger to which a high-temperature refrigerant discharged from a compressor that compresses the refrigerant is supplied, a decompression device that decompresses the heat-exchanged refrigerant therein, and an evaporator that evaporates the depressurized refrigerant sequentially. A connected heat pump cycle, a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of supplied water, and a hot water supply circuit including a water proportional valve for adjusting the amount of hot water discharged from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and a branch from the heat pump cycle. A heat pump hot water supply / room heater having a heating water / refrigerant heat exchanger that exchanges heat with a refrigerant, and a hot water heating circuit that circulates water heated by the heating heat exchanger to heating equipment. 前記給湯用水冷媒熱交換器に対して二つのヒートポンプサイクルを備え、暖房機器の運転要求に応じてその暖房機器に対応する温水暖房回路と熱交換するための冷媒を供給するヒートポンプサイクルの圧縮機を運転する請求項１記載のヒートポンプ式給湯暖房機。A heat pump cycle compressor that includes two heat pump cycles for the hot-water supply water-refrigerant heat exchanger and supplies a refrigerant for heat exchange with a hot water heating circuit corresponding to the heating device in response to an operation request of the heating device. The heat pump hot water supply / room heater according to claim 1, which operates. 前記暖房用水冷媒熱交換器には、前記ヒートポンプサイクルに設けられ前記給湯用水冷媒熱交換器の冷媒流の上流側に設けられた切換え弁より冷媒が供給される請求項１記載のヒートポンプ式給湯暖房機。2. The heat pump hot water supply and heating system according to claim 1, wherein the heating water refrigerant heat exchanger is supplied with a refrigerant from a switching valve provided in the heat pump cycle and provided on an upstream side of a refrigerant flow of the hot water supply water refrigerant heat exchanger. 3. Machine. 前記切換え弁は、冷媒流路を切換えるだけではなく、複数の流路に冷媒を供給できる請求項３記載のヒートポンプ式給湯暖房機。4. The heat pump hot water supply / room heater according to claim 3, wherein the switching valve not only switches the refrigerant flow path but also supplies the refrigerant to a plurality of flow paths. 一つのヒートポンプサイクルを稼動させて暖房運転を行っているときに給湯要求を受け取った場合、他のヒートポンプサイクルを起動して給湯運転を行い、その出湯量が多い高負荷給湯の場合は、暖房運転を行っているヒートポンプサイクルの冷媒を前記給湯用水冷媒熱交換器に分配あるいは供給を切り換える請求項２記載のヒートポンプ式給湯暖房機。If a hot water supply request is received while heating operation is being performed by operating one heat pump cycle, another heat pump cycle is started to perform hot water supply operation. 3. The heat pump hot water supply / room heater according to claim 2, wherein the refrigerant of the heat pump cycle performing the heat supply is switched between distribution and supply to the hot water supply water refrigerant heat exchanger. ヒートポンプサイクルに使用する冷媒は自然系冷媒である請求項１記載のヒートポンプ式給湯暖房機。The heat pump hot water supply / room heater according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle is a natural refrigerant.
JP2003069077A 2003-03-14 2003-03-14 Heat pump hot water heater Expired - Fee Related JP3811682B2 (en)

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JP2003069077A JP3811682B2 (en) 2003-03-14 2003-03-14 Heat pump hot water heater
CNB2004100019080A CN100472138C (en) 2003-03-14 2004-01-15 Hot-pumping hot-water supplying heater
KR10-2004-0005223A KR100524578B1 (en) 2003-03-14 2004-01-28 Heat pump type hot water supply heater

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WO2022108504A1 (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-05-27 Orbital Systems Ab A water recirculation system intended for recycling of water or discarding of water not suitable to recycle

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CN1530590A (en) 2004-09-22

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