JP2004263681A - Power generating facility using pump reversal hydraulic turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generating facility using a pump reversal hydraulic turbine capable of efficiently utilizing flowing water for power generation even when the inexpensive pump reversal hydraulic turbine having a simple structure is used. <P>SOLUTION: In the power generating facility using the pump reversal hydraulic turbine, two pump reversal hydraulic turbines 40 and 50 are disposed in a pipe 30 for connecting a clean water tank 10 to a sewage tank 20 so that they can be switched over to series or parallel. A control means 60 switches the connection to series when the flow rate of the water made to flow from the clean water tank 10 to the sewage tank 20 is low, and switches the connection to parallel when the flow rate is high. The power is generated by power generators 41 and 51 connected to the reversal hydraulic turbines 40 and 50. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a power generation facility using a pump reversing water turbine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In some hydroelectric power generation facilities, in particular, small-output hydroelectric power generation facilities, a pump reversing waterwheel that uses a pump by directly reversing a pump may be used as a water turbine for power generation. Original water turbines are energy-efficient because of their complicated and expensive structure, such as the installation of movable guide vanes.However, they are more costly and economical to use for small hydropower plants. This is because the properties are inferior. Therefore, by using a general-purpose pump as it is as a water turbine (reverse pump water turbine), the equipment cost is greatly reduced, and thereby a power generation facility with low economic cost is being constructed.
[0003]
However, guide vanes are not installed on pump reversing turbines, and even if they are installed, they are of a fixed type. Therefore, due to fluctuations in flow rate and effective head (variable flow rate / falling head), other than the essential requirements for the pump reversing turbines In such a case, it is necessary to operate at the operation point of the above, the efficiency becomes poor, and in some cases, the operation becomes impossible due to the occurrence of cavitation.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a power generating facility using a pump reversing water turbine that can efficiently use flowing water for power generation even if a simple structure and an inexpensive pump reversing water turbine are used. Is to provide.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 of the present application is to provide a pump reversing water wheel in a pipe connecting a water tank and a sewer tank, and to rotate the pump reversing water wheel by flowing water from the water tank to the sewer tank. In a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine that generates electric power by a generator connected to a reversing turbine, a plurality of the pump reversing turbines are installed, and the plurality of pump reversing turbines are connected so that they can be switched in series and in parallel by the piping. In addition, when the flow rate of the water flowing from the water tank to the sewage tank by the control means is small or the effective head is large, the pump is switched in series when the flow rate is large or the effective head is small. This is a power generation facility using a water wheel.
[0006]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is to provide a pump reversing water wheel in a pipe connecting the water tank and the sewer tank, and to rotate the pump reversing water wheel by flowing water from the upper water tank to the sewer tank. In a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine that generates electric power by a generator connected to a reversing turbine, a flow regulating unit that regulates a flow rate of water flowing through the pump reversing turbine, and a control unit, wherein the control unit includes a pump The required head in the pump reverse turbine required to set the pressure on the secondary side of the reverse turbine to the target pressure is determined, and the optimum output is obtained by the required head and the optimum rotational speed and the pump reverse turbine are passed. The optimum flow rate of water is obtained, and the flow rate adjusting means is controlled so that the water flowing through the pump reversing turbine becomes the optimal flow rate, and the pump reversing turbine is rotated at the optimal rotation speed. A power plant using the pump reverse rotation impeller, characterized in that adjusting to control the load of the serial generator.
[0007]
The invention according to claim 3 of the present application is to provide a pump reversing water wheel in a pipe connecting a water tank and a sewer tank, and to rotate the pump reversing water wheel by flowing water from the water tank to the sewer tank. In a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine that generates electric power by a generator connected to a reversing turbine, a plurality of the pump reversing turbines are installed, and the plurality of pump reversing turbines are connected so that they can be switched in series and in parallel by the piping. In addition, the control unit determines the required head in the pump reverse turbine required to set the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reverse turbine to the target pressure, and if the required head is large, it is connected in series, and if the required head is small, Is a power generation facility using a pump reversing water turbine characterized by switching in parallel.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 4 of the present application is characterized in that flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of water flowing through each of the pump reversing turbines is provided on the primary side of each pump reversing turbine. Equipment.
[0009]
According to these inventions, even if a pump reversing turbine having a simple structure and an inexpensive one (for example, one having no movable guide vanes) is adopted, it is possible to cope with variable flow rates and head differences, and to efficiently supply flowing water for power generation. It can be used and economically effective power generation equipment can be constructed.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power generation equipment using the pump reversing water turbine is connected in series 30 and parallel by pipes 30-1, 2, 3 in a pipe 30 connecting the water tank 10 and the sewage tank 20. It is configured by connecting two pump reversing water wheels 40, 50. That is, the pipe 30 is connected so as to connect the three pipes 30-1, 2, and 3 in parallel in the middle thereof, and the pump reverse water turbines 40 and 50 are connected to the pipes 30-1 and 3 on both sides, respectively. I have. Opening / closing valves V1, V2, and V3 are attached to the central pipe 30-2 and predetermined positions on the upstream side and the downstream side, respectively. These opening / closing valves V1, V2, and V3 constitute a flow path switching mechanism. I have. These on-off valves V1, V2, V3 are controlled to open and close by a control signal from a control means 60 described below. A pressure sensor P1 is installed at an upstream portion of the pipe 30 where the pipe 30-1 branches, and a pressure sensor P2 is also installed at a downstream portion of the pipe 30 where the pipe 30-3 joins. A flow meter F is installed in the vicinity. The length of the pipe 30 from the pressure sensor P1 to the water tank 10 and the length of the pipe from the pressure sensor P2 to the sewer tank 20 are actually quite long, and the pipe loss greatly varies depending on the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through this part. The output signals of the pressure sensors P1, P2 and the flow meter F are input to the control means 60. On the other hand, the control means 60 outputs the open / close signal to each of the open / close valves V1, V2, and V3 to switch the series-parallel state of the pipe 30, and the variable-speed generators 41, 51 connected to both the pump reverse water turbines 40, 50, respectively. A control signal is output to the load setting devices 43 and 53 so that the most effective loads are applied to the variable speed generators 41 and 51. Then, the outputs of the variable speed generators 41 and 51 are connected to a power supply system in the field or a commercial power supply system via a power conditioner 70.
[0011]
In the power generation equipment configured as described above, the flow rate of the fluid flowing from the water tank 10 to the sewage tank 20 (or the primary pressure of the pressure sensor P1 or the pressure sensor P2 By inputting the target value of (secondary pressure), the control means 60 connects the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 to either the serial or parallel state based on the water turbine performance data stored in the control means 60 in advance. Is determined to be appropriate, and the on / off valves V1, V2, V3 are controlled to open and close so that the connection state determined to be appropriate is obtained. In addition, depending on the performance of the water turbine, if necessary, the bypass valve V4 also divides the flow into the bypass circuit.
[0012]
For example, when the target value of the flow rate is a small flow rate, the head available for the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 is a high head (a state where the effective head is large). This is because the loss in the long pipe 30 from the water tank 10 to the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 and the long pipe 30 from the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 to the sewage tank 20 is small. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the on-off valves V2 and V3 are closed and the on-off valve V1 is opened, thereby connecting the two pump reversing water turbines 40 and 50 in series (series system). As described above, the loss in the long pipe 30 from the water tank 10 to the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 and the long pipe 30 from the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 to the sewage tank 20 is small as described above. Therefore, the effective head available for the water splitter increases, and the pump reversing water turbines 40 and 50 are connected in two stages in series to effectively use the high head and the small flow rate.
[0013]
On the other hand, when the target value of the flow rate is a large flow rate, the head available for the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 is low (the effective head is small). This is because the long pipe 30 from the water tank 10 to the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 and the long pipe 30 from the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 to the sewage tank 20 have large losses. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the on-off valves V2 and V3 are opened and the on-off valve V1 is closed, whereby the two pump reversing water turbines 40 and 50 are connected in parallel (parallel system). As described above, the loss is large in the long pipe 30 from the water tank 10 to the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 and the long pipe 30 from the pipes 30-1, 2, 3 to the sewage tank 20 as described above. Therefore, the effective head that can be used for the water splitter is reduced, and thereby the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 are connected in parallel to effectively use the low head and the large flow rate. Since the head is low, the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 can cope with one stage.
[0014]
Then, the control means 60 may output a control signal to the load setting devices 43 and 53 to adjust the loads of the variable speed generators 41 and 51 so that the rotation speeds of the variable speed generators 41 and 51 become efficient. It is possible.
[0015]
During the operation of the above equipment, even if the current values of the flow rate and the effective head of the pump are taken into the control means 60 from the pressure sensors P1 and P2 and the flow meter F, the feedback control is performed to determine whether or not the control is performed properly. Good.
[0016]
As described above, since the plurality of pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 are configured to be switched between series and parallel by the control means 60, even if the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 have a simple structure and are inexpensive, the pump reversing turbines 40 and 50 flow. It is possible to efficiently generate power according to the flow rate of water, increase the amount of generated power annually, and improve economic efficiency.
[0017]
In this embodiment, the variable speed generators 41 and 51 are connected to the plurality of pump reversing turbines 40 and 50, respectively, but one variable speed generator is connected to the plurality of pump reversing turbines 40 and 50. If a tandem type is used, the economic efficiency is further improved.
[0018]
(Second embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. This power generation equipment is a power generation equipment installed in the middle of a pipe for supplying water in the water and sewage equipment, and is a power generation equipment that controls the pressure (secondary pressure) of water discharged from the power generation equipment to be constant. is there. As shown in the figure, a power generation facility using this pump reversing water turbine has a pipe 130 connecting a water tank 110 composed of a dam or a water purification plant and a sewage tank 120 composed of a water purification plant or a water storage tank for a house. The pump reverse rotation turbine 140 is connected. A bypass pipe 131 that bypasses the pump reverse turbine 140 is connected in parallel to the pipe 130. Motorized valves (flow rate adjusting means) V11 and V12 each having a structure capable of adjusting the opening degree are attached to the pipe 130 and the bypass pipe 131 on the upstream side of the pump reverse rotation turbine 140. The electric valve V11 is a water turbine inlet valve, and the electric valve V12 is a bypass valve. Further, a variable speed generator 141 is connected to the pump reverse rotation turbine 140. Water level gauges 161 and 163 are installed in the water tank 110 and the sewage tank 120, respectively.
[0019]
This power generation equipment is controlled by the control means 200. The control means 200 controls the pressure on the secondary side (that is, the discharge side) of the pump reverse turbine 140 to a desired set value, and at the same time, controls so as to obtain the optimum output of the pump reverse turbine 140 in that state. Things. This will be specifically described below.
[0020]
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the control in the control means 200. In FIG. 4, first, when a desired target value is set from the target value setter 170 to the control means 200 as the secondary side (ie, discharge side) pressure of the pump reversing water turbine 140, the control means 200 causes the water level gauges 161 and 161 to set. Based on the water level difference between the water tank 110 and the sewage tank 120 obtained from 163 and the line constant (loss) input in advance, the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reverse turbine 140 is set to the target value. The required head (required depressurized amount) in the pump reversing turbine 140 required for this is obtained (step 1). Next, the optimum rotation speed of the pump reversing turbine 140 and the optimum flow rate of the water passing through the pump reversing turbine 140 are obtained (step 2). Data indicating the relationship between the head, the output, the number of revolutions, and the flow rate of the pump reversing turbine 140 is stored in the control means 200 in advance. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, for each of a number of rotation speeds Nk (k = 1 to n), data indicating a relationship between “flow rate Q−head H” and “flow rate Q−output P” is stored, and For the number Nk (k = 1 to n), the output P at the required head H and the flow rate Q at that time are obtained, and the flow rate Q and the rotational speed Nk at the maximum output P are obtained. The flow rate and the optimal rotation speed shall be used.
[0021]
Next, the control means 200 adjusts and sets the degree of opening of the motor-operated valve (flow rate adjusting means) V11 so that the water flowing through the pump reversing turbine 140 has the optimal flow rate. A control signal is output to the load setter 143 of the variable speed generator 141 so that the load rotates, and the load is adjusted and controlled (step 3). In addition, in the pump reverse water wheel 140, with respect to a water volume region that cannot pass through, the electric valve (flow rate adjusting means) V12 is opened by a predetermined opening to bypass the water volume, and the water volume is secured. If the maximum water amount is equal to or less than the water turbine permissible passing water amount, the bypass pipe 131 and the motor-operated valve V12 are unnecessary.
[0022]
By controlling as described above, the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reversing turbine 140 approaches a desired set value, and at the same time, an optimal output of the pump reversing turbine 140 is obtained in that state.
[0023]
When performing the above control, the flow rate of water actually flowing in the pipe 130 is measured by the flow meter F11 installed in the pipe 130, and the pressure sensors P11 and P11 installed on the primary side and the secondary side of the pump reverse turbine 140 The control accuracy may be stabilized and improved by measuring the pressure on the primary side and the secondary side of the pump reversing turbine 140 by P12 and feeding back these measured values to the control means 200.
[0024]
(Third embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This power generation equipment is also a power generation equipment installed in the middle of the pipe for supplying water in the water and sewage equipment as in the second embodiment, and the pressure (secondary pressure) of the water discharged from the power generation equipment becomes constant. Power generation equipment controlled in this way. In this figure, the same parts as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The difference of this embodiment from the second embodiment is that another pump reversing water wheel 145 is prepared in addition to the pump reversing water wheel 140, and three pipes 130-1, 2, 2, 3 in the middle of the pipe 130. Are connected so as to be connected in parallel, the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 are connected to the pipes 130-1 and 3 on both sides, respectively, and the on-off valves are respectively provided at the center pipe 130-2 and at predetermined positions on the upstream and downstream sides thereof. V21, V22, and V23 are attached, and these open / close valves V21, V22, and V23 constitute a flow path switching mechanism that switches the pipes 130-1, 2, and 3 in series and parallel. Opening / closing valves V21, V22, V23 are controlled to open / close by a control signal from control means 200. A variable-speed generator 146 and a load setting device 147 are also attached to the pump reversing water wheel 145.
[0025]
Then, first, when a desired target value is set from the target value setter 170 to the control means 200 as the secondary (ie, discharge side) pressure of the two pump reversing water turbines 140 and 145, the control means 200 causes the two water level gauges 161 and 161 to set. Based on the water level difference between the water tank 110 and the sewage tank 120 obtained from 163 and the line constant (loss) input in advance, the pressure on the secondary side of both pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 is set to the target pressure. The required head (necessary pressure reduction amount) in both pump reverse water turbines 140 and 145 required to set the value is obtained. Then, the control means 200 determines which of the series connection and the parallel connection of the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 should be set in order to approach the required required head, and switches to the connection state. That is, when the required head obtained is large, the on-off valves V22 and 23 are closed and the on-off valve V21 is opened to connect the two pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 in series, and when the required head is small. Opens and closes the on-off valves V22 and 23 and closes the on-off valves V21 to switch the two pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 in parallel. As a result, the secondary pressures of the two pump reverse turbines 140 and 145 can be made closer to the target values.
[0026]
Still further, if at least one of the on-off valves V21, V22, V23 is an electric valve having a structure capable of adjusting the opening in the same manner as in the second embodiment, by adjusting and setting the opening, the pump reversing water turbine is provided. The water flowing through the pumps 140 and 145 can be set to a desired optimum flow rate, and the load setting units 143 and 147 of the variable speed generators 141 and 146 can rotate the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 at a desired optimum rotation speed. By outputting a control signal from the control means 200, the load can be adjusted and controlled.
[0027]
Even with the control as described above, the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 approaches the desired target value, and at the same time, the optimal output of the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 is obtained in that state.
[0028]
In performing the above control, the flow rate of water actually flowing in the pipe 130 was measured by the flow meter F11 installed in the pipe 130, and the pressures installed on the primary side and the secondary side of both pump reversing water turbines 140 and 145 were measured. The pressures on the primary and secondary sides of the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 are measured by the sensors P11 and P12, and the measured values are fed back to the control means 200 to stabilize and improve the control accuracy. .
[0029]
(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the same parts as those of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. This embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that flow control valves V31 and V32 are attached to the pipes 130-1 and 130 on the upstream side of the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145, respectively. The point is that a relief valve V33 is attached to a portion where the pipes 130-1 and 130-3 on the upstream side of V32 branch, and the pipe on the downstream side is connected to the downstream side of the on-off valve V23. The flow control valves V31, V32 and the relief valve V33 switch the two pump reversing turbines 140, 145 in series and parallel in the same manner as in the third embodiment to adjust the flow rate to a suitable value, and furthermore, the two pump reversing turbines 140, 145 , 145 is configured to optimize the flow rate of water supplied to the water supply apparatus.
[0030]
By controlling as described above, the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reversing turbines 140 and 145 can be made closer to a desired target value as compared with the third embodiment, and at the same time, the optimal pump reversing turbine 140 in that state can be obtained. , 145 are obtained.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to cope with the variable flow rate / variable head even if a pump reversing turbine having a simple structure and an inexpensive one (for example, having no movable guide vanes) is adopted. In addition, the flowing water can be efficiently used for power generation, and economically effective power generation equipment can be configured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory diagram of the power generation equipment shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram of the power generation equipment shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of control in the control means 200.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between “flow rate Q—head H” and “flow rate Q—output P” at a certain rotation speed Nk.
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Water tank 20 Sewage tank 30 Piping 30-1,2,3 Piping 40,50 Pump reversing turbine 41,51 Variable speed generator (generator)
43, 53 Load setting device 60 Control means 70 Power conditioner 80 Target value setting device V1, V2, V3 Open / close valve 110 Water tank 120 Sewage tank 130 Pipe 131 Bypass pipe 140 Pump reversing turbine 141 Variable speed generator (generator)
143 Load setting device 145 Pump reversing water wheel 146 Variable speed generator 147 Load setting device 161, 163 Water level gauge 170 Target value setting device 200 Control means 240 Pump reversing water turbine V11, V12 Electric valve (flow rate adjusting means)
V31, V32 Flow control valve (flow control means)
V33 relief valve (flow control means)

Claims (4)

A pump that installs a pump reversing turbine in the pipe connecting the water tank and the sewage tank, and that drives water from the upper water tank to the sewage tank to rotate the pump reversing turbine and generate electricity using a generator connected to the pump reversing turbine. In a power generation facility using a reversing turbine,
A plurality of the pump reversing turbines are installed, and the plurality of pump reversing turbines are connected so that they can be switched in series and in parallel by the pipe, and when the flow rate of water flowing from the water tank to the sewer tank is small by the control means or A power generation facility using a pump reversing turbine characterized by switching in series when the effective head is large and in parallel when the flow rate is large or the effective head is small. A pump that installs a pump reversing turbine in the pipe connecting the water tank and the sewage tank, and that drives water from the upper water tank to the sewage tank to rotate the pump reversing turbine and generate electricity using a generator connected to the pump reversing turbine. In a power generation facility using a reversing water turbine,
Having a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of water flowing through the pump reversing water wheel, and a control means,
The control means determines a required head in the pump reverse water turbine necessary to set the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reverse water turbine to the target pressure, and an optimum rotation speed of the pump reverse water turbine whose optimum output is obtained by the required head. Determine the optimal flow rate of water passing through the pump reversing turbine, control the flow rate adjusting means so that the water flowing through the pump reversing turbine becomes the optimal flow rate, and rotate the pump reversing turbine at the optimal rotation speed. A power generation facility using a pump reversing water turbine, wherein the load is adjusted and controlled. A pump that installs a pump reversing turbine in the pipe connecting the water tank and the sewage tank, and that drives water from the upper water tank to the sewage tank to rotate the pump reversing turbine and generate electricity using a generator connected to the pump reversing turbine. In a power generation facility using a reversing turbine,
A plurality of the pump reversing turbines are installed, and the plurality of pump reversing turbines are connected so that they can be switched in series and in parallel by the piping, and the control unit controls the pressure on the secondary side of the pump reversing turbine to a target pressure. A power generating facility using a pump reversing water turbine, wherein a required head of a pump reversing water turbine necessary for performing the operation is determined, and the required head is switched in series when the required head is large and in parallel when the required head is small. The power generation equipment according to claim 3, wherein flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a flow rate of water flowing through each of the pump reversing turbines is provided on a primary side of each pump reversing turbine.

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