JP2006022745A - Micro-hydro power generation method and apparatus using surplus pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide micro-hydro power generation method and apparatus using surplus pressure, maximizing the generated power obtained by surplus pressure while controlling the water-conveyance, the water supply, the flow rate of water passing through a pipeline in a water supply pipeline network and the pressure to arbitrary values. <P>SOLUTION: In this power generation method, the water-conveyance, the water supply, the flow rate of water passing through a pipeline in a water supply pipeline network 21 and the pressure to arbitrary values are taken as controlled values, and the rotational frequency of a turbine of the hydro power generator 25 interposed in the midway of the pipeline is operated to control the controlled values, and the hydro power generation is performed using the surplus pressure caused by the control. In the method, the opening control of a turbine inlet valve 27 set on the upstream side of the hydro power generator 25 and the turbine rotational frequency control of the hydro power generator 25 are independently conducted to control the controlled value of water distribution in a downstream pipeline of the hydro power generator is controlled to a target value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a surplus pressure-utilizing micro-hydroelectric power generation method and apparatus, and performs power generation using surplus pressure in a pressure reducing facility of water supply / water transmission / distribution pipeline network, and controls the flow rate or pressure of the pipeline. This relates to a technique for controlling the target value as a quantity.

  Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 17, in the water supply system 1, raw water is guided from a reservoir 2 such as a dam to a water purification plant 4 by a water conduit 3, and the water purification plant 4 decompresses the raw water by a pressure reducing valve 5 to receive the raw water 6 The raw water is purified in the water purification process 7. The purified water from the water purification plant 4 is pumped to each water distribution station 10 of the water supply pipe network 9 by the water pump 8, and the water is pumped down to the water distribution tank 12 by depressurizing by the pressure reducing valve 11 and stored in the water distribution tank 12. Purified water is supplied to downstream customers through the water distribution pipe 13.

  As described above, in the conventional water supply system 1, the pressure is reduced to an appropriate pressure by the pressure reducing valve 5 or the orifice or the like at an important point, but the excess pressure due to the pressure reduction is not effectively used. For this reason, the introduction of hydroelectric power generation using surplus pressure due to pressure reduction in the water conveyance / water transmission / distribution pipeline network is being studied.

By the way, Patent Document 1 discloses an operation control device capable of expanding a flow rate adjustment range in consideration of power generation efficiency in a hydroelectric power generation device having a fixed guide vane turbine. This is equipped with a water turbine transmission that changes the rotation speed of the fixed guide vane turbine according to the flow rate adjustment by the flow rate adjustment valve. A command signal for adjusting the rotation speed of the fixed guide vane turbine to a predetermined value is output from the opening rotation speed adjuster, and control is performed by a combined function of the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve and the turbine rotation speed.
JP 2002-354895 A

  However, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 18, in the graph of the flow rate-effective head characteristic curve showing the relationship between the flow rate Q and the effective head H when the rotation speed N of the water turbine is kept constant, A rated operating point with high power generation efficiency is realized at the rotational speed N of the water turbine and the flow rate Q that can appropriately adjust the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve.

  In this case, since the operation at point A on FIG. 18 has a larger effective head and higher efficiency than the operation at point B, the generated power naturally increases. However, this is a case where the Ns (specific speed) of the water turbine is high, and as shown in FIG. 19, when Ns is low, the operation at point A can be performed efficiently, but at point B, Since the effective head is smaller than that, it is not always the best operation in terms of generated power.

  In addition, it is necessary to give priority to continuously controlling the flow rate or pressure of the water flowing through the pipeline in the water conveyance / water transmission / distribution pipeline network. However, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, by using the opening speed controller, the control for adjusting the flow rate adjustment valve to a predetermined opening and the control for adjusting the rotation speed of the fixed guide vane turbine to a predetermined value in the turbine transmission With the technology that controls the valve opening and turbine speed target values at the same time at the start of control by linking them, fluctuations in the water level of the upstream reservoir of the hydroelectric power generation facility and the discharge pressure of the upstream pumping pump If the conditions on the primary side of the hydroelectric power generation equipment (including the flow control valve) fluctuate, the valve opening and flow rate of the flow control valve are not uniquely determined. It is difficult to control the pressure properly.

  The present invention solves the above-described problems, and surplus pressure capable of maximizing the generated power obtained by surplus pressure while controlling the flow rate and pressure to arbitrary values in the water conveyance / water supply / distribution pipeline network. It is an object of the present invention to provide a utilization micro hydropower generation method and apparatus.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric power generation method according to the present invention described in claim 1 uses a flow rate or pressure of water flowing through a pipe line in a water conveyance / water supply / distribution pipe network as a control amount, Is a power generation method that uses the surplus pressure that accompanies the hydraulic power generation, and independently controls the opening degree of the inlet valve installed on the upstream side of the hydropower generation device and the turbine speed control of the hydropower generation device. The control amount of water in the downstream pipe line of the hydroelectric generator is controlled to a target value.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydraulic power generation method using feedback control of a control amount of water in a downstream pipe of the hydraulic power generation device to a target value by controlling an opening degree of an inlet valve. Turbine wheel speed control of the hydroelectric power generator, the turbine characteristics indicating the correlation between the effective head and the turbine flow rate that exist at different turbine speeds, and relative to each turbine characteristic. The turbine rotation speed required to maximize the generated power at the current value of the controlled amount of water that changes with the opening control of the inlet valve, and the selected turbine rotation speed. This is to rotate the water wheel.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric power generation method based on the turbine characteristics of a plurality of specific turbine speeds and the power generation characteristics relative to the turbine characteristics when controlling the turbine speed of a hydroelectric generator. The number of rotations is selected, and the turbine flow rate at which the generated power with the power generation characteristics corresponding to both turbine characteristics is equivalent between the turbine characteristics of adjacent turbine rotation speeds is obtained as a change point. Find the points in the turbine characteristics of all specific turbine rotation speeds, set each change point as a control section, detect the current flow rate of water that changes with the opening degree control of the inlet valve, and the current flow rate value belongs The turbine speed of the control section is selected, and the turbine is rotated at the selected turbine speed.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric power generation method based on the turbine characteristics of a plurality of specific turbine speeds and the power generation characteristics relative to the turbine characteristics when controlling the turbine speed of a hydroelectric generator. The number of revolutions is selected, and the effective head difference between the turbine characteristics of the adjacent turbine speeds and the power generation characteristics corresponding to the two turbine characteristics are the same as the change point. Find the points in the turbine characteristics of all specific turbine rotation speeds, set the interval between each change point in the control section, and change the primary side pressure and secondary side pressure of the hydroelectric power generator that changes with the opening degree control of the inlet valve The effective head current value, which is the pressure difference between the current head value, is detected, and the turbine speed at which the generated power at the effective head current value is the maximum is selected for the selected turbine. In revolutions It is intended to rotate the vehicle.

  The surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric power generation method according to the present invention as set forth in claim 5 is a hydroelectric power generator that performs feedback control of a control amount of water in a downstream pipe line of the hydroelectric power generator to a target value by opening degree control of an inlet valve. The turbine flow rate and the maximum generated power are controlled based on the turbine characteristics of a plurality of specific turbine speeds and the power generation characteristics relative to the turbine characteristics. A function indicating either the relationship between the number of rotations or the relationship between the effective head of the turbine and the number of rotations of the maximum generated power, and using this function, control of water that changes with the opening degree control of the inlet valve The turbine speed required to maximize the generated power at the current value of the quantity is selected, and the turbine is rotated at the selected turbine speed.

  The surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric generator according to the present invention as set forth in claim 6 includes an inlet valve interposed in a conduit of a water introduction / water supply / distribution pipeline network, and a hydroelectric generator interposed in a conduit downstream of the inlet valve. Device, opening control means for controlling the flow rate or pressure of the control valve by controlling the opening of the inlet valve to the target value, and the water turbine for controlling the turbine speed of the hydroelectric generator using the current value of the control amount as an index A rotation speed control means, and the opening degree control means feedback-controls the control amount of water in the downstream pipe line of the hydroelectric generator to the target value by opening degree control of the inlet valve, and the turbine rotation speed control means is different. In order to maximize the generated power at the current value of the controlled variable in the turbine characteristics indicating the correlation between the effective head that exists at each turbine speed and the turbine flow rate, and the power generation characteristics that exist relative to each turbine characteristic. The required number of turbine revolutions is selected.

  According to the present invention, the control of water in the downstream pipeline of the hydroelectric generator by independently performing the opening degree control of the inlet valve installed on the upstream side of the hydroelectric generator and the turbine speed control of the hydroelectric generator. By controlling the amount to the target value, it is possible to maximize the generated power obtained by surplus pressure while controlling the flow rate and pressure of water flowing through the pipeline in the water conveyance / transmission / distribution pipeline network to arbitrary values. it can.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a case where a head is used, and a hydroelectric generator 25 is connected to a pipe line 24 between an upstream water distribution tank 22 and a downstream water distribution tank 23 in a water conveyance / water supply / distribution pipe network 21. Disguise. A flow meter 26 and a turbine inlet valve 27 are provided upstream of the hydroelectric generator 25, a primary pressure gauge 28 is provided between the turbine inlet valve 27 and the hydroelectric generator 25, and a secondary pressure gauge is provided downstream of the hydraulic generator 25. 29 is provided. The hydroelectric generator 25 is linked to the power system 31 through the regenerative inverter 30. The regenerative inverter 30 controls the rotational speed of a water turbine, which will be described later, of the hydroelectric generator 25, and synchronizes the frequency of electric power generated by the hydroelectric generator 25 with the power system 31.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the present invention can also be applied to a configuration in which pump pumping is performed by a pump 51. This embodiment will be described with reference to the configuration shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the control device (PC) 32 is connected to the flow meter 26, the primary pressure gauge 28, and the secondary pressure gauge 29, and controls the opening degree of the turbine inlet valve 27 and the hydraulic power via the regenerative inverter 30. The turbine speed control of the power generation device 25 is performed individually and independently.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the present invention provides a control device for an existing water conveyance / water supply / distribution system when a hydroelectric power generation device is additionally installed in an existing water conveyance / water supply / distribution system that does not have a hydroelectric power generation device. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a control device 52 of the hydroelectric power generation device 25 is provided separately from 32. By doing so, it is possible to economically install a micro hydroelectric power generation device by effectively utilizing an existing control system. This embodiment will be described with reference to the configuration shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 to 6, the hydraulic power generation apparatus 25 includes a generator 44 and a turbine runner 45 arranged between the suction port 42 and the discharge port 43 of the casing 41, and the generator 44 and the turbine runner 45 are connected to each other. The guide vanes 47 are provided on the upstream side of the water turbine runner 45.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the above-described configuration will be described. The water distribution flowing from the upstream water distribution tank 22 to the pipeline 24 flows down at a predetermined drop when the water level in the upstream water distribution tank 22 is constant, passes through the flow meter 26 and the water turbine inlet valve 27 to the hydroelectric generator 25. It flows in and flows into the downstream water distribution tank 23.

  In the hydroelectric power generation device 25, the water distribution flowing into the casing 41 from the suction port 42 is guided to the guide vane 47 and acts on the water turbine runner 45, and the water turbine runner 45 rotates so that the generator 44 is integrated via the shaft 46. Synchronously rotate. The electric power generated by the generator 44 is transmitted to the electric power system 31 through the regenerative inverter 30.

  The control device 32 measures the flow meter 26, the primary pressure gauge 28, and the secondary pressure gauge 29 in order to make the flow rate or pressure of the water flowing through the pipe line, which is the control amount, coincide with the target value separately given by remote operation or the like. Using the value as an index, the opening control of the turbine inlet valve 27 and the turbine rotation speed control of the hydroelectric generator 25 via the regenerative inverter 30 are performed independently and in the downstream line of the hydroelectric generator 25. Control the amount of water control to the target value.

Regarding this control, an example of controlling the flow rate will be described in detail below. Ns (specific velocity) in this specification is based on the following definition.
Ns = N · Q ^0.5 / H ^0.75 N: rotational speed (min ⁻¹ ), Q: flow rate (m ³ / min), H: effective head (m)
FIG. 7 shows a turbine characteristic curve when Ns (specific speed) of the turbine runner 45 of the hydroelectric generator 25 is low (Ns <400). The turbine characteristic curves L1, L2, and L3 show the correlation between the effective head H and the turbine flow rate Q when the turbine speed is 100%, 90%, and 80% of the rated speed N, respectively. The power generation characteristic lines M1, M2, and M3 are relative to the respective water turbine characteristic curves L1, L2, and L3, and indicate changes in the generated power (kW) that accompany changes in the water turbine passage flow rate Q at the respective turbine speeds.

  In advance, the flow rate through the turbine is determined as a change point between the turbine characteristics curves of the adjacent turbine rotation speeds so that the generated power on the power generation characteristic lines corresponding to the two turbine characteristics curves is equivalent. For example, in the turbine characteristic curves L1 and L2, the turbine flow rate Q2 at the point where the power generation characteristic lines M1 and M2 intersect is a change point.

  Similarly, this change point is obtained in the turbine characteristic curve of all turbine rotation speeds. In the present embodiment, the turbine flow rate Q3 at the point where the power generation characteristic lines M2 and M3 intersect in the turbine characteristic curves L2 and L3 is obtained. In the present embodiment, for the sake of convenience, the turbine wheel characteristic curve L3 is set to the lowest rotation speed, and the turbine flow rate Q4 corresponding to the lower end of the turbine wheel characteristic curve L3 is set as the last change point. The water wheel passage flow rate Q1 corresponding to the point will be described as the first change point.

Then, the intervals between the obtained change points Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are set as control sections Q1-Q2, Q2-Q3, and Q3-Q4.
When the operation is started from the state in which the water turbine inlet valve 27 is fully closed when the flow rate is controlled, the control device 32 instructs the hydraulic power generation device 25 to start the water turbine (S1), for example, as shown in FIG. An inlet valve opening command is issued to the valve 27 (S2), and initial operation control of the hydroelectric generator 25 is started (S3).

  The water turbine inlet valve 27 gradually increases the valve opening upon receipt of the inlet valve opening command. The relationship (pipe resistance curve) between the effective head and the flow rate at each valve opening is shown as T1, T2, and T3 in FIG. During the initial operation control during this time, the hydroelectric generator 25 increases the turbine speed without generating power, and continues the initial operation until the turbine speed reaches 80% of the rated turbine speed (S4). Then, when the turbine rotation speed reaches 80% of the rated turbine rotation speed and the valve opening of the turbine inlet valve 27 reaches the valve opening indicated by the valve characteristic curve T3, the water turbine characteristic curve L3 and the valve characteristic curve T3 The initial operation control is stopped and the normal operation control is started at the effective head and the flow rate corresponding to the intersection (S5).

  In normal operation, the control device 32 controls the opening of the water turbine inlet valve 27 using the measurement value of the flow meter 26 as an index to feedback control the flow rate to the flow rate target value, while controlling the turbine speed separately from the opening control. Then, the turbine speed is controlled based on the turbine characteristic curve along the locus indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.

  The control device 32 detects the current flow rate of the water, which changes with the opening degree control of the turbine inlet valve 27, by the flow meter 26, selects the turbine speed of the control section to which the current flow value belongs, and selects the selected turbine speed. Rotate the water wheel.

  For example, when the current flow rate value belongs to the control section Q1-Q2, 100% N turbine speed is selected, and when the current flow value belongs to the control section Q2-Q3, 90% N turbine speed is selected. When the current flow rate value belongs to the control section Q3-Q4, the turbine speed of 80% N is selected. By this selection, the turbine speed is required to maximize the generated power at the current flow value following the change in the current flow value.

  The control device 32 gives a rotational speed command to the regenerative inverter 30 so that the water turbine runner 45 rotates at a selected water turbine speed, for example, a water turbine speed of 90% N. The regenerative inverter 30 causes the water turbine runner 45 and the generator 44 to rotate. Rotate at 90% N.

With the above-described control, the flow rate is controlled to the flow rate target value, and the generated power becomes maximum at the flow rate target value.
For example, when the flow rate target value is between Q2 and Q3, when the turbine runner 45 rotates at a turbine speed of 100% N, the generated power is larger than when the turbine runner 45 rotates at a turbine speed of 90% N. Lower. Therefore, when the flow rate target value is between Q2 and Q3, the generated power can be maximized at the flow rate target value by rotating the turbine runner 45 at a turbine speed of 90% N.

  FIG. 8 shows a turbine characteristic curve when Ns (specific speed) of the turbine runner 45 of the hydroelectric generator 25 is high (Ns> 400). Also in this case, similarly to the previous embodiment, the change points are obtained in the turbine characteristic curves of all the turbine rotation speeds, and the intervals between the obtained change points Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are the control sections Q1-Q2, Set to Q2-Q3, Q3-Q4.

  In the control of the flow rate, the control device 32 controls the opening of the water turbine inlet valve 27 and feedback controls the water flow rate to the target flow rate using the measurement value of the flow meter 26 as an index, separately from the opening control. The turbine speed is controlled. In the turbine speed control, the turbine speed of a specific turbine characteristic relative to the control section to which the target flow rate of the water flow belongs is selected, and the turbine turbine 45 is rotated by the regenerative inverter 30 so that the turbine runner 45 rotates at the selected turbine speed. The runner 45 and the generator 44 are rotated.

  FIG. 9 shows a turbine characteristic curve where Ns (specific speed) of the turbine runner 45 of the hydroelectric generator 25 is Ns = 400. In this case, the turbine characteristic curves L1, L2, and L3 are almost overlapped, but can be controlled in the same manner.

  Next, an example of controlling the pressure will be described in detail below. FIG. 12 shows a turbine characteristic curve when Ns (specific speed) of the turbine runner 45 of the hydroelectric generator 25 is high (Ns> 400). The turbine characteristic curves L1, L2, and L3 show the correlation between the effective head H and the turbine flow rate Q when the turbine speed is 100%, 90%, and 80% of the rated speed N, respectively. The power generation characteristic lines M1, M2, and M3 are relative to the respective water turbine characteristic curves L1, L2, and L3, and indicate changes in the generated power (kW) that accompany changes in the water turbine passage flow rate Q at the respective turbine speeds.

  In advance, between the turbine characteristic curves of adjacent turbine rotation speeds, the turbine passage flow rate at which the generated power on the power generation characteristic lines respectively corresponding to the two turbine characteristic curves is equal is obtained. For example, in the water turbine characteristic curves L1 and L2, it is the water turbine passage flow rate Q2 at the point where the power generation characteristic lines M1 and M2 intersect.

  Similarly, the water turbine passage flow rate at which the generated power is equivalent is obtained in the water turbine characteristic curves of all the turbine rotation speeds. In the present embodiment, the turbine flow rate Q3 at the point where the power generation characteristic lines M2 and M3 intersect in the turbine characteristic curves L2 and L3 is obtained. Further, in this embodiment, for the sake of convenience, the turbine operation characteristic curve L3 is set to the lowest turbine rotation speed, the turbine flow rate Q4 corresponding to the lower end of the turbine characteristic curve L3 is set to the last turbine flow rate value, and the rated operation of the turbine characteristic curve L1 is performed. The water wheel passage flow rate Q1 corresponding to the design point in will be described as the first water wheel passage flow rate value.

  Then, the effective heads at the points on the water turbine characteristic curves L1, L2, and L3 corresponding to the obtained water turbine flow rates Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are obtained as the change points H1, H2, H2 ′, H3, H3 ′, and H4. The control points H1-H2, H2′-H3, and H3′-H4 are set between the change points H1 and H2, between H2 ′ and H3, and between H3 ′ and H4.

  FIG. 13 shows a turbine characteristic curve when Ns (specific speed) of the turbine runner 45 of the hydroelectric generator 25 is low (Ns <400). Also in this case, in the same manner as the previous one, the change points are obtained in the turbine characteristic curves of all the turbine rotation speeds, and the control section is set. This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The control device 32 controls the turbine speed based on the turbine characteristic curve along the locus indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
When controlling the pressure, the control device 32 feedback-controls the secondary pressure of the hydroelectric power generation device 25 to the pressure target value by opening / closing control of the water turbine inlet valve 27. That is, as shown in FIG. 14, the secondary pressure set value A is input (S11), the secondary pressure current value B measured by the secondary pressure gauge 29 is input (S12), and both values are compared. Deviation (AB) is obtained (S13). If the deviation is positive, the turbine inlet valve 27 is opened to increase the flow rate to bring the secondary pressure closer to the pressure target value (S14). If the deviation is negative, the turbine inlet valve 27 is turned off. The secondary pressure is made close to the pressure target value by closing the operation to reduce the flow rate (S15), and measured by the secondary pressure gauge 29 (S16). The above operation is performed until the current value of the secondary pressure reaches the pressure target value. .

  During this time, the control device 32 separately performs the turbine speed control. For example, the control device 32 obtains the difference between the primary pressure measured by the primary pressure gauge 28 and the secondary pressure measured by the secondary pressure gauge 29, that is, the current value H of the effective head.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 15, the current turbine speed is confirmed (S21, S22, S23), and it is determined whether the effective head current value H belongs to the control section of each turbine speed (S24, S25, S26, S27, S28, S29), and the number of rotations of the water turbine including the stop is selected (S30, S31, S32, S33, S34, S35).

  For example, when the current value of the secondary pressure of the hydroelectric generator 25 is changed by the opening / closing control of the turbine inlet valve 27 and the effective head current value H rises to H2 ′ <H <H1 during the current 90% rotation. The control device 32 confirms that the rotational speed is 90% in S22, and confirms that the effective head current value H does not correspond to the control section of the turbine rotational speed 90% N in S25 and S28. A few hundred percent is selected, and the turbine rotation speed necessary to maximize the generated power at the effective head current value H is obtained.

  The control device 32 gives a rotational speed command to the regenerative inverter 30 so that the water turbine runner 45 rotates at a selected water turbine speed, for example, 100% N, and the regenerative inverter 30 causes the water turbine runner 45 and the generator 44 to rotate. Rotate at 100% N.

  Even in the case of controlling the pressure, if a flow meter is provided in the pipe line, the turbine rotation speed control by the control device 32 can be performed based on the measured value of the flow meter 26. In this case, the control section is set according to the flow rate. When the control device 32 feedback-controls the secondary pressure of the hydroelectric power generation device 25 to the target pressure value by controlling the opening and closing of the water turbine inlet valve 27 when controlling the water pressure, the flow rate of water is changed by this pressure control. The control device 32 controls the rotation speed of the turbine according to the current flow rate value measured by the flow meter 26.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the current turbine speed is confirmed (S41, S42, S43), and it is determined whether the current flow rate value Q belongs to the control section of each turbine speed (S44, S45, S46, (S47, S48, S49), the number of rotations of the turbine including the stop is selected (S50, S51, S52, S53, S54, S55).

  For example, when the effective head of the hydroelectric generator 25 changes due to the opening / closing control of the turbine inlet valve 27 and the current flow rate value Q rises to Q2 <Q <Q1, during the current 90% rotation, the control device 32 In S42, it is confirmed that the rotational speed is 90%, and in S45 and S48, it is confirmed that the current flow rate value Q does not correspond to the control section of the turbine speed 90% N. As a result, the turbine speed 100% is selected. The turbine rotational speed required to maximize the generated power at the current flow rate value Q is obtained. The control device 32 gives a rotational speed command to the regenerative inverter 30 so that the water turbine runner 45 rotates at a selected water turbine speed, for example, 100% N, and the regenerative inverter 30 causes the water turbine runner 45 and the generator 44 to rotate. Rotate at 100% N.

In the above description of the control, an example using three water turbine characteristic curves has been shown, but the number of curves to be used is not limited to this.
In addition, a function indicating the relationship between the turbine flow rate and the rotation speed at which the maximum generated power is obtained from a plurality of turbine characteristic curves and the power generation characteristic curve, or the relationship between the effective drop of the turbine and the rotation speed at which the maximum generated power is obtained, is obtained. Control can also be performed.

As an example of how to obtain a specific function, in FIG.
As a representative point of 80% N, (Q ₃ + Q ₄ ) / 2,
As a representative point of 90% N, (Q ₃ + Q ₂ ) / 2,
Select (Q ₂ + Q ₁ ) / 2 as a representative point of 100% N,
An approximate expression of Q and N in the section from the representative point (Q ₃ + Q ₄ ) / 2 to the representative point (Q ₂ + Q ₁ ) / 2 is obtained by the least square method or the like, and the representative point (Q ₃ + Q from other Q ₄ is obtained. ₄ ) There is a method in which an approximate expression in which the interval of 2) / 2 is 80% N and the interval from the representative point (Q ₂ + Q ₁ ) / 2 to Q1 is 100% N is a function to be obtained.

In FIG. 7, the representative point of 80% N is Q ₄ , the representative point of 90% N is Q ₃ , the representative point of 100% N is Q _2, and the relationship between Q and N in Q ₄ to Q ₂ is approximated. The equation may be obtained by the method of least squares, and the other interval from Q ₂ to Q ₁ may be 100% N.

  As described above, the approximate expression as described above may be used as a function. The method of selecting the representative points for obtaining the approximate expression and the number of turbine characteristic curves used for obtaining the approximate expression are determined according to the accuracy of control, It may be arbitrarily selected in consideration of the purpose. Also, a function indicating the relationship between the effective head H and the turbine speed N can be obtained in the same manner.

The schematic diagram which shows the water distribution system using a head in embodiment of this invention The schematic diagram which shows the water distribution system using pump pumping in embodiment of this invention The block diagram which shows the structure by one control apparatus in embodiment of this invention The block diagram which shows the structure by two control apparatuses in embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the water conveyance, water supply, and water pipe network which utilizes the head in embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the hydroelectric generator in embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the water turbine characteristic curve and power generation characteristic line in the case of Ns <400 in embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the turbine characteristic curve and power generation characteristic line in the case of Ns> 400 in embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the turbine characteristic curve and power generation characteristic line in the case of Ns = 400 in embodiment of this invention The flowchart figure which shows the start procedure in embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the water turbine characteristic curve for demonstrating the initial driving | operation control in embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the turbine characteristic curve and power generation characteristic line in the case of Ns> 400 in embodiment of this invention The graph which shows the water turbine characteristic curve and power generation characteristic line in the case of Ns <400 in embodiment of this invention The flowchart figure for demonstrating the pressure control by the turbine inlet valve operation in embodiment of this invention The flowchart figure for demonstrating the turbine speed control which uses the effective head in the embodiment of this invention as a parameter | index. The flowchart figure for demonstrating the turbine speed control which makes flow volume the parameter | index in embodiment of this invention. Schematic diagram showing a conventional water conveyance / water supply / distribution pipeline network The graph which shows the turbine characteristic curve with high Ns in the conventional power generation device The graph which shows the turbine characteristic curve with low Ns in the conventional power generation device

Explanation of symbols

21 Water Transfer / Water Supply / Distribution Pipe Network 22, 23 Water Distribution Tank 24 Pipe 25 Hydroelectric Generator 26 Flow Meter 27 Water Wheel Inlet Valve 28 Primary Pressure Gauge 29 Secondary Pressure Gauge 30 Regenerative Inverter 31 Electric Power System 32 Control Device (PC)
41 Casing 42 Suction port 43 Discharge port 44 Generator 45 Turbine runner 46 Shaft 47 Guide vane

Claims (6)

This is a power generation method that uses the surplus pressure associated with the control as the control amount and the flow rate or pressure of the water flowing through the pipeline in the water conveyance / water supply / distribution pipeline network, and is installed upstream of the hydroelectric generator. The surplus pressure is characterized in that the control amount of water in the downstream pipe line of the hydroelectric generator is controlled to a target value by independently performing the opening control of the inlet valve and the turbine speed control of the hydroelectric generator. Use micro hydro power generation method. While controlling the amount of water control in the downstream pipeline of the hydroelectric generator to the target value by controlling the opening of the inlet valve, the turbine speed of the hydroelectric generator is controlled. In the number control, the turbine characteristics indicating the correlation between the effective head and the turbine flow rate that exist at different turbine rotation speeds and the power generation characteristics that exist relative to each turbine characteristic are accompanied by the opening control of the inlet valve. 2. The surplus pressure according to claim 1, wherein a turbine wheel speed required to maximize the generated power is selected at a current value of a variable control amount of water, and the turbine wheel is rotated at the selected turbine wheel speed. Use micro hydro power generation method. When controlling the turbine speed of the hydroelectric generator, the turbine speed is selected based on the turbine characteristics of a plurality of specific turbine speeds and the power generation characteristics relative to the turbine characteristics. The turbine flow rate at which the generated power with the power generation characteristics relative to the two turbine characteristics is equivalent to each other is determined as a change point, and this change point is determined in the turbine characteristics at all specific turbine rotation speeds. To the control zone, detect the current flow rate of water that changes with the opening control of the inlet valve, select the turbine speed of the control zone to which the current flow rate value belongs, and set the turbine at the selected turbine speed. The surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric power generation method according to claim 2, wherein the method is rotated. When controlling the turbine speed of the hydroelectric generator, the turbine speed is selected based on the turbine characteristics of a plurality of specific turbine speeds and the power generation characteristics relative to the turbine characteristics. The difference between the two turbines is determined as the effective drop where the generated power with the power generation characteristics opposite to each other is the same, and this change is determined in the turbine characteristics at all specific turbine rotation speeds. Is set as the control section, and the effective head current value that is the differential pressure between the primary pressure and the secondary pressure of the hydroelectric generator that changes with the opening control of the inlet valve is detected. The rotation speed of the control section to which the value belongs and the turbine rotation speed at which the generated power becomes the maximum at the effective head current value is selected, and the turbine is rotated at the selected turbine rotation speed. Use of surplus pressure Micro hydroelectric power generation method. While controlling the amount of water control in the downstream pipeline of the hydroelectric generator to the target value by controlling the opening of the inlet valve, the turbine speed of the hydroelectric generator is controlled. In the number control, based on the turbine characteristics of a plurality of specific turbine rotation speeds and the power generation characteristics relative to the turbine characteristics, the relationship between the turbine flow rate and the rotation speed that is the maximum generated power, or the rotation that is the effective drop of the turbine and the maximum generation power The number of rotations of the turbine required to maximize the generated power at the current value of the controlled amount of water that changes with the opening degree control of the inlet valve is obtained using a function that indicates one of the relations of the numbers. The surplus pressure-utilizing micro hydroelectric power generation method according to claim 2, wherein the turbine is rotated at the selected turbine rotation speed. Inlet valve intervening in the conduit of water conveyance / water supply / distribution pipeline network, hydroelectric generator intervening in the conduit downstream of the inlet valve, and conduit for controlling the opening degree of the inlet valve Opening degree control means for controlling the flow rate or pressure of the water flowing through the target value to the target value, and the turbine speed control means for controlling the turbine speed of the hydroelectric generator using the current value of the control amount as an index, the opening degree control means The feedback control of the water control amount in the downstream pipe of the hydroelectric generator is controlled to the target value by controlling the opening of the inlet valve, and the turbine rotation speed control means has an effective head and a turbine flow rate that exist at different turbine rotation speeds. The turbine rotation speed required to maximize the generated power at the current value of the control amount is selected between the turbine characteristics indicating the correlation with the power generation characteristics and the power generation characteristics that exist relative to each turbine characteristic. To use surplus pressure micro hydroelectric generator.

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