JP2004261889A - Manufacturing method of fixed abrasive grains type saw wire - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of fixed abrasive grains type saw wire Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004261889A
JP2004261889A JP2003052435A JP2003052435A JP2004261889A JP 2004261889 A JP2004261889 A JP 2004261889A JP 2003052435 A JP2003052435 A JP 2003052435A JP 2003052435 A JP2003052435 A JP 2003052435A JP 2004261889 A JP2004261889 A JP 2004261889A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
metal
plating
wire
abrasive grains
saw wire
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Pending
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JP2003052435A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroshi Yamada
廣志 山田
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Individual
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Individual
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a saw wire manufacturing method capable of preventing fall of the abrasive grains due to peeling of plating. <P>SOLUTION: Bedding metal plating A, skin pass drawing B and metal plating C containing abrasive grains are performed in order to a metal wire, and finally heating D is performed, or bedding metal plating A, skin pass drawing B and metal plating C containing the abrasive grains are performed in order to a metal wire, and furthermore, metal plating E is performed, and finally, heating D is performed to strengthen the metal bonding of the metal wire and the bedding metal. Besides, since the bedding plating and the metal plating containing the abrasive grains are strongly bonded by metal diffusion, peeling can be prevented between the metal wire and the bedding plating and between the bedding metal and the metal plating containing the abrasive grains. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体ウエハーの母材であるシリコンインゴット、人工水晶、超硬合金、磁石、セラミック等の硬脆性材料を切断するワイヤソー装置に用いられるワイヤソー用ワイヤに係り、特に、ワイヤ表面に砥粒を固着させた固定砥粒式ソーワイヤの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、細い金属線の表面にダイヤモンド等の微細な砥粒を固着した固定砥粒式ソーワイヤ(以下、ソーワイヤという。)が使用されはじめている。この従来のソーワイヤには、例えば樹脂等の非金属材料を接合媒体として砥粒をワイヤ表面に固着させたものと、金属を結合剤として砥粒を固着させたものとがある。前者の非金属材料を接合媒体とするソーワイヤは、砥粒を混入させた樹脂中に金属線を通過させることで、金属線表面に砥粒を混入した樹脂を付着させ、これを冷却硬化させて製造される。また後者の金属を結合剤とするソーワイヤは、メッキ液に砥粒を浮遊させて、メッキ処理時にメッキとともに砥粒を金属線表面に固着させて製造される。上記メッキによる場合は、まず金属表面に下地メッキを行い、その上に砥粒を含有した金属メッキを施す2層メッキ、あるいは砥粒の固着力をさらに高めるために、さらに、その上に金属メッキを施した3層メッキとするのが一般的である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前者のソーワイヤは、非金属材料を接合媒体としているため、固着力が必ずしも十分でなく、使用中(被切断物を切断中)に砥粒が脱落して、ソーワイヤの切断性能が低下するという問題があった。
【0004】
これに対し、後者のソーワイヤは、金属を結合剤としたものであるから、砥粒を十分な固着力で固着、保持することができる。しかしながら、金属線表面性状(清浄度等)、メッキ条件等によってメッキが剥離するという問題があった。メッキの剥離は砥粒の脱落を意味する。
【0005】
本発明は、上記従来技術の課題に鑑みてなされたもので、メッキ剥離による砥粒の脱落を防止できるソーワイヤの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−71162号公報
【0007】
【特許文献2】
特開平9−150314号公報
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のソーワイヤの製造方法は、金属ワイヤに下地金属メッキ(以下、第1メッキという)、スキンパス伸線、砥粒を含有した金属メッキ(以下、第2メッキという)を順次施し、最後に熱処理を施すことを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明の製造方法によれば、スキンパス伸線による高圧力で、金属ワイヤと第1メッキ層との金属結合における原子間距離が小さくなり、より強固な金属結合となる。よって第1メッキ層が金属ワイヤから剥離することが防止できる。また、第1、第2メッキ処理後の熱処理によって、第1メッキ層と第2メッキ層との間で金属拡散が生じて、より強固な金属結合となり、第2メッキ層が第1メッキ層から剥離することも防止できる。
【0010】
上記構成において、第2メッキ層の上に、さらに金属メッキ(以下、第3メッキという)を施してもよい。この第3メッキ層によって、砥粒の固着力をさらに高めることができる。この第2メッキ層と第3メッキ層とは、その後に施す熱処理による金属拡散によって、より強固な金属結合となる。
【0011】
さらに、金属ワイヤは、表面に真鍮メッキを施して、伸線加工されたものであってもよい。金属線を細径化する伸線加工において、真鍮メッキは伸線性の向上に大きな影響を与える。すなわち、真鍮メッキは伸線加工における潤滑剤のキャリアーの役目をはたすもので、これによって高速伸線加工(1000m/min程度)が可能となり、またダイスの摩耗も極端に減少可能で、生産性が大幅に向上する。真鍮メッキを有する金属線を使用した場合には、第1メッキの下に真鍮メッキが存在することになるが、スキンパス伸線の圧力によって、金属線と真鍮メッキとの金属結合がより強固となり、かつ真鍮メッキと第1メッキとはスキンパス伸線の圧力および熱処理による拡散によって結合が強化される。
【0012】
ところで、上記構成において、スキンパス伸線の減面率は4〜10%が好ましい。というのは、4%未満では、小さすぎて原子間距離を小さくするだけの圧力を負荷することができず、メッキ層が剥離しやすくなるからで、10%を越えてもそれ以上の効果を得られないばかりか、伸線キズの発生等別の問題が発生する可能性が高くなるからである。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0014】
図1(a)は、本発明の製造方法の実施の形態を示すブロック図で、金属ワイヤに下地金属メッキA、スキンパス伸線B、砥粒を含有した金属メッキCを順次施し、最後に熱処理Dを施す製造行程を示す。
図1(b)は、本発明の製造方法の別の実施の形態を示すブロック図で、上記砥粒を含有した金属メッキCと熱処理Dとの間で、さらに金属メッキEを施す製造行程を示す。
また、図2(a)は、図1(a)に示す製造行程によって製造されたソーワイヤの横断面図を示し、図2(b)は、図1(b)によって製造されたソーワイヤの横断面を示す。
【0015】
図2(a)に示すソーワイヤaは、金属ワイヤ1の表面に、減面率4〜10%でスキンパス伸線された下地金属メッキ層(第1メッキ層)2と、砥粒5を固着した金属メッキ層(第2メッキ層)3とからなる。そして、このソーワイヤaは、熱処理されている。
【0016】
また、図2(b)に示すソーワイヤbは、金属ワイヤ1の表面に、減面率4〜10%でスキンパス伸線された下地金属メッキ層(第1メッキ層)2と、砥粒5を固着した金属メッキ層(第2メッキ層)3と、その上層の金属メッキ層(第3メッキ層)4とからなる。そして、このソーワイヤbは、熱処理されている。
【0017】
第1、第2、第3メッキの金属としては、メッキが可能な金属であればどのような金属でもよいが、メッキ金属として一般的な、Ni、Cu、Co、Sn、Zn、Cr、あるいはCuとZnの合金である真鍮から選択したいずれかであることが好ましい。特に、取り扱い性やコストを考慮するとNi、Cu、Znあるいは真鍮が好ましい。
【0018】
各メッキの厚さは、砥粒の固着力が確保できればどのような厚さでもかまわないが、第2メッキ層の厚さは、砥粒固着性及び経済性を考慮して5〜15μmの範囲とすることが好ましい。
【0019】
各メッキ同士を拡散させる温度はメッキ金属によって異なり、適当な温度を選択するが、金属ワイヤを、例えば炭素鋼やマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼あるいはSi−Cr鋼等の焼き入れ性を有する金属とし、熱処理温度を焼き入れ温度とすれば、メッキの拡散と同時に、ワイヤの強度を向上させることができる。この場合、必要に応じて焼き戻し処理を施してもよい。これらの熱処理は不活性ガス中で行うのが好ましい。
【0020】
【実施例】
線径5.5mmの原線をパテンチング、伸線加工を繰り返して線径1.0mmまで減径し、このワイヤをパテンチング処理した後、真鍮メッキを施し、次に線径0.15mmまで再度伸線加工した。この線径0.15mmのワイヤにNiメッキ(第1メッキ)を施したのち、0、2、4、6、8、10%の減面率でそれぞれスキンパス伸線を行い、次にダイヤモンド砥粒を含有したNiメッキ(第2メッキ)を施して、ダイヤモンド砥粒をワイヤ表面に固着させ、最後にArガス雰囲気中で、700℃の温度で熱処理して、減面率の違いによる7種類のソーワイヤを製造した。
【0021】
上記7種類のソーワイヤにおいて、メッキの剥離を比較した。メッキ剥離は、ワイヤを180℃曲げて、その曲げた箇所を顕微鏡観察して、一視野におけるクラック(メッキ割れ)数で比較した。その結果を図3に示す。
【0022】
図3から、スキンパス伸線を施さない(減面率0%)ソーワイヤに一視野中で25箇所のクラックが、減面率2%では10箇所のクラックが認められたのに対し、本発明に係る4〜10%においては、3箇所のクラックが認められただけであった。
減面率4〜10%でスキンパス伸線した本発明に係るソーワイヤにおいても、クラックは認められたが、180℃曲げ試験は苛酷な試験であり、3箇所程度のクラック発生は、実用上では全く問題ないものである。
【0023】
次に上記6%の減面率でスキンパス伸線を施した本発明に係るソーワイヤ(実施例)と、スキンパス伸線を施さず、しかも最終の熱処理を施さないソーワイヤ(従来例)とを用いて、実際にシリコンインゴットを切断し、一定時間後のダイヤモンド砥粒の脱落率を顕微鏡写真の画像処理にて計測し、その計測値の範囲および中心値を比較したところ、図4に示すように、従来例のソーワイヤの脱落率が38%だったのに対し、本発明に係るソーワイヤの脱落率が12%であった。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明の製造方法によれば、金属ワイヤと下地メッキとが強固な金属結合となり、しかも、下地メッキと砥粒を含有した金属メッキも金属拡散によって、より強固な金属結合となるので、金属ワイヤと下地メッキ間、および下地金属と砥粒含有金属メッキ間での剥離が防止できる。したがって、切断時のメッキ剥離に起因する砥粒の脱落が防止できるので、ソーワイヤの切断性能が低下することが防止できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)は、本発明の製造方法の実施の形態を示すブロック図で、(b)は、本発明の製造方法の別の実施の形態を示すブロック図である。
【図2】(a)は、図1(a)に示す製造方法によって製造されたソーワイヤの横断面図であり、(b)は、図1(b)によって製造されたソーワイヤの横断面である。
【図3】減面率の違いによるメッキの剥離(クラック数)を比較した結果のデータを示す図である。
【図4】本発明のソーワイヤと従来例のソーワイヤの砥粒脱落率を計測した試験結果のデータを示す図である。
【符号の説明】
a、b ソーワイヤ
1 金属ワイヤ
2 下地メッキ(第1メッキ)
3 砥粒を含有した金属メッキ(第2メッキ)
4 砥粒を固着する金属メッキ(第3メッキ)
5 砥粒
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wire for a wire saw device used in a wire saw device for cutting hard and brittle materials such as silicon ingots, artificial quartz, cemented carbide, magnets, and ceramics, which are base materials of semiconductor wafers. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fixed-abrasive saw wire to which is fixed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, fixed abrasive grain saw wires (hereinafter referred to as saw wires) in which fine abrasive grains such as diamond are fixed to the surface of a thin metal wire have begun to be used. This conventional saw wire includes one in which abrasive grains are fixed to the wire surface using a non-metallic material such as a resin as a bonding medium, and one in which abrasive grains are fixed using metal as a binder. The former saw wire using a non-metallic material as a bonding medium is made to pass the metal wire through the resin mixed with the abrasive grains, thereby attaching the resin mixed with the abrasive grains to the metal wire surface, and cooling and hardening the resin. Manufactured. The latter saw wire using a metal as a binder is manufactured by suspending abrasive grains in a plating solution and fixing the abrasive grains to the surface of the metal wire together with plating during plating. In the case of the above-described plating, first, a metal surface is plated with a base, and then a metal plating containing abrasive grains is formed thereon. In order to further increase the fixing force of the abrasive grains, a metal plating is further applied thereon. In general, three-layer plating is performed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the former saw wire uses a non-metallic material as a bonding medium, the fixing force is not always sufficient, and abrasive grains fall off during use (during cutting an object to be cut), thereby deteriorating the cutting performance of the saw wire. was there.
[0004]
On the other hand, the latter saw wire uses a metal as a binder, so that the abrasive grains can be fixed and held with a sufficient fixing force. However, there is a problem that the plating is peeled off depending on the surface properties of the metal wire (such as cleanliness), plating conditions, and the like. Peeling of the plating means that the abrasive grains fall off.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and has as its object to provide a method for manufacturing a saw wire that can prevent abrasive grains from falling off due to plating peeling.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-71162 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-150314
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the method for manufacturing a saw wire according to the present invention, a metal wire is sequentially subjected to a base metal plating (hereinafter, referred to as first plating), a skin pass wire drawing, and a metal plating containing abrasive grains (hereinafter, referred to as second plating), and finally a heat treatment. Is performed.
[0009]
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the manufacturing method of this invention, the interatomic distance in the metal bond of a metal wire and a 1st plating layer becomes small at high pressure by skin-pass wire drawing, and it becomes a stronger metal bond. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the first plating layer from peeling off from the metal wire. In addition, the heat treatment after the first and second plating processes causes metal diffusion between the first plating layer and the second plating layer, resulting in stronger metal bonding, and the second plating layer is separated from the first plating layer. Peeling can also be prevented.
[0010]
In the above configuration, metal plating (hereinafter, referred to as third plating) may be further performed on the second plating layer. With this third plating layer, the fixing force of the abrasive grains can be further increased. The second plating layer and the third plating layer form a stronger metal bond due to metal diffusion by heat treatment performed later.
[0011]
Further, the metal wire may be one in which the surface is subjected to brass plating and subjected to wire drawing. In wire drawing processing for reducing the diameter of a metal wire, brass plating has a significant effect on improvement in wire drawing. That is, the brass plating plays a role of a carrier of a lubricant in the wire drawing, thereby enabling high-speed wire drawing (about 1000 m / min), and also extremely reducing the abrasion of the dies, thereby reducing the productivity. Significantly improved. When a metal wire having brass plating is used, the brass plating will be present under the first plating, but due to the pressure of the skin pass wire drawing, the metal bond between the metal wire and the brass plating becomes stronger, In addition, the bonding between the brass plating and the first plating is strengthened by the diffusion of the skin pass wire drawing pressure and heat treatment.
[0012]
By the way, in the above-described configuration, the area reduction rate of skin pass wire drawing is preferably 4 to 10%. This is because if it is less than 4%, it is too small to apply a pressure enough to reduce the interatomic distance, and the plating layer is easily peeled off. This is because not only can it not be obtained, but also there is a high possibility that another problem such as generation of wire drawing flaws will occur.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
FIG. 1A is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention, in which a metal wire A is successively subjected to a base metal plating A, a skin pass wire drawing B, and a metal plating C containing abrasive grains, and finally a heat treatment is performed. The manufacturing process for applying D is shown.
FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention. The manufacturing process of further applying a metal plating E between the metal plating C containing the abrasive grains and the heat treatment D is shown. Show.
FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a saw wire manufactured by the manufacturing process shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the saw wire manufactured according to FIG. Is shown.
[0015]
In the saw wire a shown in FIG. 2A, a ground metal plating layer (first plating layer) 2, which has been skin-pass drawn at a surface reduction rate of 4 to 10%, and abrasive grains 5 are fixed to the surface of the metal wire 1. And a metal plating layer (second plating layer) 3. The saw wire a has been heat-treated.
[0016]
The saw wire b shown in FIG. 2 (b) has a base metal plating layer (first plating layer) 2, which has been skin-pass drawn at a surface reduction rate of 4 to 10%, and abrasive grains 5 on the surface of the metal wire 1. It comprises a metal plating layer (second plating layer) 3 which has been fixed, and a metal plating layer (third plating layer) 4 thereon. The saw wire b has been heat-treated.
[0017]
As the metal for the first, second, and third plating, any metal may be used as long as it is a metal that can be plated, but Ni, Cu, Co, Sn, Zn, Cr, or a general plating metal is used. It is preferably one selected from brass, which is an alloy of Cu and Zn. In particular, Ni, Cu, Zn, or brass is preferable in consideration of handleability and cost.
[0018]
The thickness of each plating may be any thickness as long as the fixing force of the abrasive grains can be secured, but the thickness of the second plating layer is in the range of 5 to 15 μm in consideration of the abrasive grain fixing property and economy. It is preferable that
[0019]
The temperature at which each plating is diffused differs depending on the plating metal, and an appropriate temperature is selected. However, the metal wire is made of a hardening metal such as carbon steel, martensitic stainless steel, or Si-Cr steel. If the temperature is the quenching temperature, the strength of the wire can be improved simultaneously with the diffusion of plating. In this case, a tempering process may be performed as necessary. These heat treatments are preferably performed in an inert gas.
[0020]
【Example】
The original wire having a wire diameter of 5.5 mm is repeatedly patented and drawn to reduce the wire diameter to 1.0 mm. After the wire is subjected to the patenting treatment, the wire is brass-plated and then drawn again to a wire diameter of 0.15 mm. Wire processed. After Ni plating (first plating) is applied to the wire having a wire diameter of 0.15 mm, skin pass wire drawing is performed at a reduction rate of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, and then diamond abrasive grains are formed. Is applied to fix the diamond abrasive grains to the surface of the wire, and finally heat-treated at a temperature of 700 ° C. in an Ar gas atmosphere to obtain seven types of diamonds depending on the difference in the area reduction rate. A saw wire was manufactured.
[0021]
The peeling of plating was compared for the above seven types of saw wires. The plating peeling was performed by bending the wire at 180 ° C., observing the bent portion with a microscope, and comparing the number of cracks (plating cracks) in one visual field. The result is shown in FIG.
[0022]
From FIG. 3, 25 cracks were observed in one field of view on a saw wire not subjected to skin pass wire drawing (area reduction ratio: 0%), and 10 cracks were observed at a surface reduction rate of 2%. In such 4 to 10%, only three cracks were observed.
Cracks were also observed in the saw wire according to the present invention which had been subjected to skin-pass drawing with a surface reduction rate of 4 to 10%. However, the 180 ° C bending test was a severe test, and the occurrence of cracks at about three places was not practical. There is no problem.
[0023]
Next, using a saw wire according to the present invention (example) subjected to skin pass drawing at the above 6% reduction in area and a saw wire (conventional example) not subjected to skin pass drawing and not subjected to final heat treatment. Actually, the silicon ingot was cut, the falling rate of the diamond abrasive grains after a certain time was measured by image processing of a micrograph, and the range and the center value of the measured values were compared, as shown in FIG. The drop rate of the conventional saw wire was 38%, whereas the drop rate of the saw wire according to the present invention was 12%.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the metal wire and the undercoat are firmly bonded to each other, and the undercoat and the metal plating containing abrasive grains are also more strongly bonded by metal diffusion. Since such a metal bond is obtained, peeling between the metal wire and the base plating and between the base metal and the abrasive-containing metal plating can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the abrasive grains from falling off due to the peeling of the plating at the time of cutting, so that it is possible to prevent the cutting performance of the saw wire from being lowered.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a manufacturing method of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a saw wire manufactured by the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the saw wire manufactured by FIG. .
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing data as a result of comparing peeling of a plating (the number of cracks) due to a difference in a reduction in area.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing data of test results obtained by measuring the abrasive grain detachment rate of the saw wire of the present invention and the conventional saw wire.
[Explanation of symbols]
a, b Saw wire 1 Metal wire 2 Base plating (first plating)
3 Metal plating containing abrasive grains (second plating)
4 Metal plating to fix abrasive grains (third plating)
5 abrasive

Claims (4)

金属ワイヤに下地金属メッキ、スキンパス伸線、砥粒を含有した金属メッキを順次施し、最後に熱処理を施すことを特徴とする固定砥粒式ソーワイヤの製造方法。A method for manufacturing a fixed-abrasive saw wire, comprising sequentially applying a base metal plating, skin pass wire drawing, and metal plating containing abrasive grains to a metal wire, and finally performing a heat treatment. 砥粒を含有した金属メッキと熱処理との間で、さらに金属メッキを施す請求項1に記載の固定砥粒式ソーワイヤの製造方法。The method for producing a fixed-abrasive saw wire according to claim 1, further comprising performing metal plating between the metal plating containing abrasive grains and the heat treatment. 金属ワイヤが、表面に真鍮メッキを施して伸線加工されたものである請求項1又は2に記載の固定砥粒式ソーワイヤの製造方法。The method for producing a fixed-abrasive saw wire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal wire has a surface plated with brass and drawn. スキンパス伸線の減面率が4〜10%である請求項1に記載の固定砥粒式ソーワイヤの製造方法。The method for producing a fixed-abrasive saw wire according to claim 1, wherein the area reduction ratio of the skin pass wire drawing is 4 to 10%.
JP2003052435A 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Manufacturing method of fixed abrasive grains type saw wire Pending JP2004261889A (en)

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WO2011158834A1 (en) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 新日本製鐵株式会社 Saw wire
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