JP2004210715A - Inhibitor of formation of osteoclast - Google Patents

Inhibitor of formation of osteoclast Download PDF

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JP2004210715A
JP2004210715A JP2002382121A JP2002382121A JP2004210715A JP 2004210715 A JP2004210715 A JP 2004210715A JP 2002382121 A JP2002382121 A JP 2002382121A JP 2002382121 A JP2002382121 A JP 2002382121A JP 2004210715 A JP2004210715 A JP 2004210715A
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sulfated
formation
bone
osteoclast
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JP4567942B2 (en
JP2004210715A5 (en
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Kyoko Imai
恭子 今井
Akihiro Tominaga
明宏 冨永
Hiroko Yamanoguchi
裕子 山之口
Akira Tawada
明 多和田
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Seikagaku Corp
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Seikagaku Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an inhibitor of formation of osteoclast, usable for prophylaxis and therapy of diseases caused by inflammatory osteoclasia such as chronic rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases, and a metabolic bone disease such as osteoporosis. <P>SOLUTION: The inhibitor of the formation of the osteoclast contains a sulfonated glycosaminoglycan or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. Preferably, the inhibitor comprises the sulfonated GAG having 3-16% (W/W%) content of sulfur, or the sulfonated GAG selected from the sulfonated glucosaminoglycans in which a uronic acid residue constituting the constituent disaccharide unit of the glycosaminoglycan is mainly L-iduronic acid, or a slat thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンを有効成分とし、代謝性骨疾患や炎症性骨疾患の予防と治療に好適な破骨細胞形成抑制剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来技術】
骨組織は、骨吸収と骨形成から成る骨代謝が繰り返されている動的組織である。骨吸収と骨形成の均衡は、骨形成を担当する骨芽細胞と骨吸収を担当する破骨細胞の両者により厳密に調節されており(非特許文献1)、この均衡が崩れると、骨組織は異常をきたし、種々の疾患を呈する。
【0003】
骨吸収と骨形成の均衡の異常により引き起こされる疾患の一例としては、骨粗鬆症が挙げられる(非特許文献2、非特許文献3)。他にも、炎症性骨破壊を伴う慢性関節リウマチや歯周炎が挙げられる。これら骨疾患は、特に破骨細胞の機能が異常に亢進した結果生じると考えられており、この様な背景の下、破骨細胞の形成と破骨細胞による骨吸収の調節に関する研究が盛んに行われており、破骨細胞による骨吸収過程や破骨細胞の形成を特異的に抑制する物質は、これら骨疾患の有効な治療薬として期待され、研究されてきている(非特許文献4、非特許文献5)。
【0004】
これまでに、骨質を溶かす酵素の破骨細胞による放出や骨表面の酸性化を阻害することに基づく骨吸収の抑制作用を有する物質についての報告や、硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンのカルシウム塩を含有する口腔用組成物が歯周病原性細菌の内毒素刺激による骨のカルシウムイオン遊離量に抑制効果を示すこと(特許文献1)や硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンナトリウムとカルシウム化合物を併用する骨代謝改善剤が内毒素やヒト副甲状腺ホルモン等による骨のカルシウムイオン遊離量に抑制効果を示すこと(特許文献2)及びインシュリン、プロタミン及びグリコサミノグリカンから選択される少なくとも1種を含む石灰化促進剤と骨補填材からなる骨疾患治療剤(特許文献3)等の報告があるが、いずれもカルシウムや骨補填剤の様な骨の修復に効果があると見なされている物質が併用されており、硫酸化グリコサミノグリカン単独での効果ではない。更に、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム塩の投与によるカルシウム吸収率や骨強度の増強作用に基づく経口用骨粗鬆症予防及び治療剤(特許文献4)等の報告もされているが、いずれも血液幹細胞から破骨細胞へ向かう分化過程に作用して破骨細胞の形成を阻止する事に関する示唆は無い。
【0005】
また、破骨細胞分化誘導のメカニズムは、活性型ビタミンD(1α、25(OH)2D3)、副甲状腺ホルモン(PTH)、インターロイキン11(IL11)、インターロイキン(IL6)、TNFα、プロスタグランジンE2(PGE)など骨吸収促進因子による骨芽細胞への作用により骨芽細胞表面上に破骨細胞分化因子(ODF)が発現し(非特許文献6、非特許文献7)、一方、破骨細胞の表面にはODFの受容体であるReceptor activator of NF−κB(RANK)が発現しており、ODFとRANKが結合することが破骨細胞の形成に必要であることが報告されている(非特許文献8)。抑制系としては、種々の細胞より可溶性の骨吸収抑制因子(OCIF)が産生されており、ODFとRANKとの結合を競合的に阻害する事により破骨細胞の形成を抑制させることが報告されている(非特許文献9、非特許文献10、非特許文献11)。
【0006】
更に、慢性関節リウマチや歯周病における骨破壊のメニズムも明らかにされつつあり、特に、これら骨疾患は、免疫系の関与が大きいことが示唆されており、活性化T細胞によるODFの発現とそれに伴う破骨細胞形成の亢進に起因することが指摘されている(非特許文献12、非特許文献13)。また、この様な骨疾患に対しては、ODFとRANKとの結合を遮断する物質が有効な治療薬となる可能性があると示唆されている(非特許文献14)。しかし、ODFのRANKへのシグナルを遮断するOsteoprotegerin(OPG)は未だ治療剤として上市に至っていない。
【0007】
【特許文献1】特開平6−80546
【特許文献2】特開平7−53388
【特許文献3】特開昭62―201825
【特許文献4】特開平7―109222
【非特許文献1】Chambers, T.J.,et al (1991) Vitamins Hormones 46, 41−86
【非特許文献2】Suda, T., et al (1992) Endocr. Rev., 13, 66−80
【非特許文献3】Suda, T., et al (1996) In ”Principles of Bone Biology (Bilezilian, J.P., et al. eds)” pp.87−102
【非特許文献4】Moreland LW., et al (1993) Am. J. Med. Sci., 305 (1) 40−51
【非特許文献5】Mebio. ,11(2), p.24 (1994)
【非特許文献6】Yasuda et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA95, 3597−3602 (1998)
【非特許文献7】Lacey et al., Cell 93, 165−176 (1998)
【非特許文献8】Nakagawa, N., et al (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 253, 395−400
【非特許文献9】Tsuda, E., et al (1996) 生化学 68, 683
【非特許文献10】Tsuda, E., et al (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 234, 137−142
【非特許文献11】Yasuda, H., et al (1998) Endcrinology 139, 1329−1337
【非特許文献12】Teng, YTA., et al (2000) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 106(6), R59−R67
【非特許文献13】Kong, YY., et al (1999) Nature, 402 (6759), 304−309
【非特許文献14】Simonet., et al (1997), Cell, 89, 309−319
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は、慢性関節リウマチや歯周病等の炎症性骨破壊に起因する疾患や骨粗鬆症等の代謝性骨疾患の予防や治療に用いることが可能な破骨細胞形成抑制剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、硫酸化グリコサミノグリカン(以下、硫酸化GAGともいう)に破骨細胞の形成を抑制する作用を見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。即ち、本発明の要旨は以下の通りである。本発明は、硫酸化グリコサミノグリカン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する破骨細胞形成抑制剤である。より好ましくは、本発明は、硫黄含量が3%〜16%(w/w%)である硫酸化GAGや、グリコサミノグリカンの構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸残基として主にL−イズロン酸を含む硫酸化GAGから選択される硫酸化GAG又はその塩から成る破骨細胞形成抑制剤である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
本発明の破骨細胞形成抑制剤の有効成分である硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンとは、破骨細胞の形成を抑制する効果を有する硫酸化GAG(以下、本発明物質とも言う)である限り特に限定されない。当該破骨細胞の形成抑制効果は、例えば、マウス骨髄細胞を用い、PGE等の骨吸収促進因子を添加することにより破骨細胞の形成を惹起させた実験系を用い、この実験系に被検物質を共存させて破骨細胞数を計測することで確認する事が出来るが、特にこの実験系でのみ確認される効果では無く、他の破骨細胞分化誘導モデルの実験等においても確認することが可能である。
【0011】
本発明物質は、L−イズロン酸又はD−グルクロン酸(以下、GlcAと略すこともある)から選択されるウロン酸残基とD−グルコサミン、D−ガラクトサミン、N−アセチル−D−グルコサミン又はN−アセチル−D−ガラクトサミン(以下、GalNAcと略すこともある)から選択されるヘキソサミン残基から成る二糖単位(以下、構成二糖単位とも言う)の繰り返し構造を基本骨格として有し、更に、ウロン酸残基及びヘキソサミン残基におけるウロン酸残基とヘキソサミン残基とのグリコシド結合に関与していない部位のヒドロキシル基若しくはアミノ基が部分的に硫酸化されている構造を有する。
【0012】
好ましくは、構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸が主にL−イズロン酸である硫酸化GAGや、ウロン酸がL−イズロン酸及び/又はD−グルクロン酸であり硫黄含量が3%〜16%(w/w%)である硫酸化GAGや、ヘキソサミン残基のO−4位とO−6位にのみ硫酸基を有しているヘキソサミン残基1分子とウロン酸残基1分子から成る二糖単位構造を構成二糖単位の繰り返し構造中に有する硫酸化GAG等が挙げられる。更に別の観点では、例えば、マウスの骨髄細胞と10%牛胎児血清含有Minimum Essential Medium Alpha Medium培地を用いたPGE刺激下での破骨細胞の培養(培養条件:37℃、COインキュベーター内で7日間)に硫酸化GAG50μg/mLを培地に添加する事により、硫酸化GAGを添加しないで同様に培養したコントロールに比して破骨細胞の形成が70%以下となる様な当該硫酸化GAGが挙げられる。
【0013】
最も好ましくは、デルマタン硫酸(コンドロイチン硫酸B、以下DSとも言う)、ヘパリン、ヘパラン硫酸(以下、HSとも言う)、コンドロイチン硫酸E(以下、CS−Eとも言う)、硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸B(硫酸化デルマタン硫酸とも称される。以下、硫酸化CS−Bとも言う)、硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸A(以下、硫酸化CS−Aとも言う)、硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸C(以下、硫酸化CS−Cとも言う)、コンドロイチンポリ硫酸(以下、CPSとも言う)等が挙げられる。
【0014】
以下、更に具体的に説明する。
構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸が主にL−イズロン酸である硫酸化GAGとしては、DS、ヘパリン及びHS等が挙げられる。
【0015】
また、構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸がL−イズロン酸及び/又はD−グルクロン酸であり硫黄含量が3%〜16%(w/w%)である硫酸化GAGとしては、構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸残基及びヘキソサミン残基における、ウロン酸残基とヘキソサミン残基とのグリコシド結合に関与していない部位のヒドロキシル基及び/又はアミノ基が部分的に硫酸化されている硫酸化GAGが挙げられ、当該硫黄含量はヒドロキシル基及び/又はアミノ基を硫酸化している硫酸イオンに由来している。この様な硫酸化GAGとしては、ウロン酸が主にL−イズロン酸であるDS、ヘパリン及びHSや、他にはCS−E、硫酸化CS−B、硫酸化CS−A、硫酸化CS−C、CPSなどが挙げられる。
更に、本発明物質としては硫黄含量が6%〜14%(w/w%)である硫酸化GAGがより好ましく、この様な硫酸化GAGとしては、CS−E、硫酸化CS−B、硫酸化CS−A、硫酸化CS−C及びCPSが挙げられる。
【0016】
例えば、D−グルクロン酸(GlcA)とN−アセチル−D−ガラクトサミン(GalNAc)から成る構成二糖単位を有し、GlcAのO−1位とGalNAcのO−3位とがβ−グリコシド結合しているコンドロイチン硫酸(以下、CSとも言う)においては、硫黄含量6%〜15%(w/w%)が好ましく、硫酸化されうる部位としては、GalNAcのO−4位、O−6位及びGlcAのO−2位、O−3位のヒドロキシル基が挙げられる。
【0017】
更に、ヘキソサミン残基のO−4位とO−6位にのみ硫酸基を有している構成二糖単位を有する硫酸化GAGの一例としては、コンドロイチナーゼABC(以下、C−ABCとも言う)による分解とイオン交換高速液体クロマトグラフィー(以下、HPLCとも言う)による分析を組み合わせた二糖組成分析にて、GalNAcのO−4位とO−6位にのみ硫酸基を有している不飽和二糖(以下、ΔDi(4,6)Sとも表す)が検出されるCSが挙げられる(Anal. Biochem., 177, 327−332 (1989) 参照)。また、本発明物質としては、C−ABCにより分解されHPLCにて検出された構成二糖単位全体のうち、ΔDi(4,6)Sが10%〜80%であるCSがより好ましく、ΔDi(4,6)Sが10%〜70%であるCSが更に好ましい。この様なCSとしては、CS−E、硫酸化CS−B、硫酸化CS−A、硫酸化CS−C、CPSなどが挙げられる。
【0018】
尚、硫酸化CS−Bとは、天然物由来の通常のコンドロイチン硫酸B(デルマタン硫酸とも称される。以下、CS−Bとも言う)に硫酸基を導入して得られる生成物で、好ましくはGalNAcのO−6位が特異的に硫酸化されたものであり、CS−Bよりも高い硫酸含量を有している。同様に、硫酸化CS−Aとは、天然物由来の通常のコンドロイチン硫酸A(以下、CS−Aとも言う)に硫酸基を導入して得られる生成物で、好ましくはGalNAcのO−6位が特異的に硫酸化されたものであり、CS−Aよりも高い硫酸含量を有している。また、硫酸化CS−Cとは、天然物由来の通常のコンドロイチン硫酸C(以下、CS−Cとも言う)に硫酸基を導入して得られる生成物で、好ましくはGalNAcのO−4位が特異的に硫酸化されたものであり、CS−Cよりも高い硫酸含量を有している。一方、CPSとは、通常用いられるコンドロイチン硫酸を位置非特異的に硫酸化させたコンドロイチンポリ硫酸である。
【0019】
通常の硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンに人為的に硫酸基を導入して前記の様な硫酸含量の高い硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンを得る方法は、意図する位置に硫酸基が導入されさえすれば、特に限定されないが、化学的に硫酸化する方法や適当な硫酸基転移酵素を用いて硫酸基を転移する方法等を用いる事が可能であり、例えば、特公平6−99485号公報やCarbohydr.Res.,158, 183 (1986)に記載の方法を利用する事が出来る。
【0020】
別の観点からは、本発明物質は、マウスの骨髄細胞と10%FCS含有αMEM培地を用いたPGE刺激下での破骨細胞の培養(培養条件:37℃、COインキュベーター内で7日間)において硫酸化GAG50μg/mLを培地に添加する事により、硫酸化GAGを添加しないで同様に培養したコントロールに比して、破骨細胞の形成が70%以下となる様な当該硫酸化GAGとも表すことが出来る。また、本発明物質としては、この方法において破骨細胞の形成が60%以下となる硫酸化GAGがより好ましく、50%以下となる硫酸化GAGが更に好ましく、35%以下となる硫酸化GAGが最も好ましい。上記培養方法の具体的な手段については、後述の実施例に記載の通りである。
【0021】
本発明物質の分子量は限定されるものではないが、その平均分子量は(ゲル濾過法によると)1,500〜150,000であることが好ましく、5,000〜100,000がより好ましい。尚、多糖類の平均分子量は、重量平均分子量で示すのが一般的であるが、グリコサミノグリカンの平均分子量は、同一試料でも測定方法や測定条件などによって多少異なることは当業者にとって常識であり、本発明物質においても上記平均分子量の範囲に厳密に限定されるものでは無い。本発明物質は、その起源、由来、製法等により特に限定されるものでは無く、本発明物質が有する特性を満たすものであれば、天然資源から抽出精製して得るものでも、また、天然資源から抽出精製して得られた物質を原料として化学的手法により改変したもの、また、人工的に合成したものや、遺伝子工学的に動物細胞、植物細胞、微生物等により合成させたものでも構わない。
【0022】
本発明物質又は本発明物質の合成原料としての硫酸化グリコサミノグリカンを天然資源より単離精製する場合に用いられる天然資源としては、例えば、鶏冠、鯨軟骨、鮫軟骨、イカ軟骨、豚皮、豚小腸、牛腎などが挙げられるが、目的とする硫酸化GAGが得られさえすれば、種、属及び部位など特に限定されない。
本発明物質の塩としては、本発明物質の有する破骨細胞の形成を抑制する作用を失わせることのない塩であれば、特に限定されない。例えば、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、リチウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩、アンモニウム塩等の無機塩基との塩、またはジエタノールアミン塩、シクロヘキシルアミン塩、アミノ酸塩等の有機塩基との塩などが挙げられ、ナトリウム塩が好ましい。
【0023】
本発明物質は、マウス骨髄細胞を用いた破骨細胞形成の実験系において、破骨細胞の形成を有意に抑制する。この結果より、本発明物質は、破骨細胞の形成抑制作用を有し、破骨細胞の形成抑制剤として用いる事が可能であることが確認される。破骨細胞の形成を抑制すると、骨組織における骨吸収が抑制される為、本発明の破骨細胞形成抑制剤は、骨粗鬆症に代表される代謝性骨疾患やリウマチ、歯周病の様な炎症性骨疾患など、特に破骨細胞が異常に亢進することにより引き起こされる疾患の予防と治療に用いることも可能である。尚、本発明物質の塩を上記疾患の予防や治療に用いる場合には、前述の塩のなかでも特に薬理学的に許容される塩が好ましい。
【0024】
本発明物質を上記疾患の予防や治療に用いる場合には、本発明物質の作用を実質的に損なわず、又、投与対象に対し悪影響を示さない限りにおいて、他の薬効成分や製剤時に通常用いられる賦形剤、結合剤、保存剤、安定化剤などを適宜用いる事が可能である。剤型や投与経路としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、注射剤、軟膏剤等に製剤化し、経口、注射、塗布等の投与方法が考えられるが、治療対象となる疾患の性質や重篤度に応じて適宜選択する必要がある。
【0025】
また、本発明物質の多くは、医薬品、食品等として既に人体に投与されている物質であり、安全性も十分に確認されている。更に、本発明の破骨細胞形成抑制剤は、骨代謝等を研究する為の研究用試薬としても用いられる。
【0026】
【実施例】
本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0027】
試験法1 塩酸水解とイオンクロマトグラフィーによる分析を組み合わせた硫黄含量分析方法
被験物質(後述の実施例に用いた本発明物質)1mg/mL水溶液200μLと4N塩酸200μLを混合後封入し、110℃で2時間加水分解した。これを減圧乾固し、蒸留水1mLを加え、0.45μmフィルターで濾過し、被験物質の塩酸水解溶液を得た。
同塩酸水解溶液30μLを陰イオン分析用カラム(TSKgel SuperIC−Anion、内径4.6mm、長さ15cm、東ソー(株)製)を装着したイオンクロマトグラフィーに付し、12分間にわたり、陰イオン分析専用溶離液(TSKeluentIC−Anion−S、東ソー(株)製)による溶出を行い、電気伝導度について硫酸イオン標準品における溶出時間を指標として検出し、HPLCチャートを得た。得られたHPLCチャートの硫酸イオン標準品及び各ピーク面積から被験物質の硫酸イオン含量を算出し、それを元に硫黄含量を算出した。
【0028】
試験法2 コンドロイチナーゼABCによる分解とイオン交換高速液体クロマトグラフィーによる分析を組み合わせた二糖組成分析方法
被験物質を10mg/mLとなる様に蒸留水に溶解し、そのうち20μLを0.5UのコンドロイチナーゼABC(生化学工業(株)製)を含む酵素溶液20μL(0.05Mトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.5))に添加し、37℃で3時間、酵素消化反応を行った。沸騰水中で30秒加熱後、遠心分離することにより上清を得た。
この酵素消化物を含む上清を、YMC PAカラム(120Å、5μm、内径4x250mm、YMC社製)を装着したイオン交換−HPLCに付し、60分間に亘り、16mMから800mMのリン酸二水素ナトリウム溶液によるリニアーグラジェント溶出を行い、紫外部(UV)232nmの吸収を指標として検出し、HPLCチャートを得た。得られたHPLCチャートの各ピーク面積から、被験物質のコンドロイチナーゼABCにより分解されHPLCにて検出された二糖単位全体に対するΔDi(4,6)S〔2−アセトアミド−2−デオキシ−3−O−(β−D−グルコ−β−D−グルコ−4−エノピラノシルロン酸)−4,6−ビス−O−スルホ−D−ガラクトース〕の割合を算出した。
【0029】
参考例1
コンドロイチン硫酸E(CS−E)の製造
マイカの軟骨240gを細断し、20分間煮沸した後、水240mLとアクチナーゼ(科研製薬(株)製)2.4gを加え、pH7.5、55℃の条件下で一晩抽出した。この抽出液に炭酸ナトリウム1.2gを添加し、pH10.5、50℃の条件下で1時間攪拌した後、濾過し、得られた濾液を200mLにまで濃縮した。この濃縮液に0.5N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液及び0.2%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を添加し、35℃で2時間アルカリ処理を行った後、エタノール200mL、エタノールと3%酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH4.8)合わせて200mL及びエタノールと3%酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH4.8)合わせて240mLにより3回分画し、その溶液をレジンHPA−11M(三菱化成(株)製)に吸着させた。塩化ナトリウム濃度を3.7Mにした時の溶出液を集め、濃縮、濾過し、純水に対して透析した後、更に200mLまで濃縮した。この濃縮溶液に活性炭0.5gを加え、pH4.8、50℃の条件下で1時間攪拌した。その後、濾過を行い、4倍量のエタノールを加えて得た沈殿物を乾燥することにより、CS−E(乾燥重量:2g)を得た。得られたCS−Eは、光散乱光法により分子量を測定したCS−A及びCS−Cの標準標品をスタンダードとして用いたゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー(以下、GPCとも言う)において、平均分子量約60,900であり、上記試験法1により測定した硫黄含量は11.4%であり、上記試験法2による二糖組成分析にてΔDi(4,6)Sの割合は67.9%であった。
【0030】
参考例2
硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸A(硫酸化CS−A)の製造
コンドロイチン硫酸A(以下CS−Aとも言う。鯨由来、生化学工業(株)製)3gを水150mLに溶解し、6℃にてDowex50[H]カラム(ダウケミカル製)を用いイオン交換を行った後、10%トリ−n−ブチルアミン/エタノールでpH5.0に調整し、ジエチルエーテル300mLで2回洗浄した。20℃、減圧下にてジエチルエーテルを留去した後、残った水層を凍結乾燥し、更に五酸化リンの存在下で減圧乾燥を行い、CS−Aのトリ−n−ブチルアミン塩を得た。この塩をジメチルホルムアミド(以下、DMFとも言う)300mLに溶解した後、0℃でピリジン−SO複合体(アルドリッチ社製)7.5g/DMF100mLをゆっくり滴下し、1時間攪拌して硫酸化を行った。水100mLを加えて反応を止め、0.1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH9.0に調整した後、流水で透析し、40℃下にて減圧濃縮した。得られた濃縮液をイオン交換(SA−12A(三菱化学(株)製):150mL及びPK−220(三菱化学(株)製):150mL)に付した。溶出液を1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液にて中和した後、40℃にてエバポレーターで濃縮し、5%になるように酢酸ナトリウムを加え、5倍量のエタノールを加えて得られた沈殿物を乾燥し、ガラクトサミン6位硫酸化CS−A(乾燥重量:2g)を得た。得られた硫酸化CS−Aに関し参考例1と同様に平均分子量、硫黄含量、ΔDi(4,6)Sの割合を測定した。その結果、平均分子量は16,900、硫黄含量12%、ΔDi(4,6)Sの割合は66.8%であった。
【0031】
参考例3
硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸B(硫酸化CS−B)の製造
コンドロイチン硫酸B(鶏冠由来、生化学工業(株)製)3gを上記製造例2と同様に処理し、ガラクトサミン6位硫酸化CS−Bを得た。得られた硫酸化CS−Bに関し、参考例1と同様に平均分子量、硫黄含量、ΔDi(4,6)Sの割合を測定した。その結果、平均分子量27,500、硫黄含量13.6%、上記試験法2による二糖組成分析にて△Di(4,6)Sの割合は68.5%であった。
【0032】
参考例4
硫酸化度の異なるコンドロイチンポリ硫酸(CPS)の製造
冷却した濃硫酸2.4Lにコンドロイチン硫酸C(鮫軟骨由来、生化学工業(株)製)600gを加え、攪拌しながら1時間反応させた。この反応液を希釈し、炭酸カルシウム4.75kgを加えて中和した後、珪藻土を用いて濾過し、減圧加熱処理により3Lまで濃縮した。得られた濃縮液に炭酸ナトリウム146gを添加した後、珪藻土を用いて濾過し、濾液に酢酸ナトリウム162g、60%酢酸180mLを加えて、終濃度40%となる様にエタノールを添加した。このエタノール分画により生じた沈殿物を水3.3Lに溶解し、活性炭150gを添加した。更に、これを珪藻土で濾過し、濾液に酢酸ナトリウム、60%酢酸、エタノール4Lを加え、得られた沈殿物を水1.2Lに溶解し、クエン酸ナトリウム2g、水酸化ナトリウム1.25mLを加えて、pH6.0とした。同溶液を乾燥させた後、微粉処理し、227gのCPS試料粉末を得た。
【0033】
上記CPS5gを0.5%(v/v)塩化アセチル含有メタノール1Lに溶解し、5℃にて攪拌しながら脱硫酸化反応を行った。異なる硫酸化度のCPSを得る為に、反応時間は、5時間、10時間、15時間45分、20時間、25時間30分、31時間の6通りの条件により行った。反応後の試料を遠心分離し、上清を除き、エタノール、エーテルで洗浄後、減圧乾燥した。得られた白色沈殿を100mLの0.1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解し、同試料を室温で加水分解後中和し、流水下で透析した。透析試料を濃縮し、0.22μmフィルターで濾過後、凍結乾燥し、硫酸化度の異なるCPSを得た(尚、5時間、10時間、15時間45分、20時間、25時間30分、31時間の各反応時間の違いにより、各々CPS1、CPS2、CPS3、CPS4、CPS5、CPS6と称する。)。
【0034】
上記試験法1に従い測定した硫黄含量は、CPS1、CPS2、CPS3、CPS4、CPS5、CPS6のそれぞれについて、11.3%、7.8%、7.7%、7.9%、5.9%、5.5%であり、平均分子量は各々6,100、6,000、6,700、6,500、5,800、6,100であった。また、上記試験法2による二糖組成分析にて、CPS1、CPS2、CPS3、CPS4、CPS5、CPS6の△Di(4,6)Sの割合は各々12.8%、11.5%、10.9%、11.6%、8.1%、4.7%であった。
【0035】
実施例1
ddYマウス(六週齢雌)の脛骨、大腿骨を摘出し、両骨の遠心端より骨髄細胞を採取した。骨髄細胞は24穴細胞培養用プレートに5x10細胞/穴となる様に播種し、10 モル/LプロスタグランジンE(以下、PGEという。SIGMA社製)刺激下において、10、100、1000μg/mLとなる様に参考例1で得られたイカ軟骨由来CS−Eを24穴細胞培養用プレートのウェルに添加し、10%牛胎児血清(べーリンガー社製、以下、FCSと言う。)含有Minimum Essential Medium Alpha Medium(GIBCO社製、以下αMEMと言う。)培地にて7日間37℃、COインキュベーター内で培養した。培養中2、3日おきにPGE、CS−E並びに10%FCSを含有するαMEM培地にて培地交換を行った。7日間の培養の後、破骨細胞のマーカーである酒石酸抵抗性酸性フォスファターゼ(以下、TRAPという)をナフトールAS−BIフォスフェート及びfast garnet GBC saltを含有するアゾ色素法を用いた染色測定キット「Acid Phosphatase, Leukocyte」(商品名:SIGMA社製、以下、Acid Phosphatese, Leukocyteと言う)を用いて染色し、形成された破骨細胞の数を顕微鏡下で計測した。
【0036】
結果を図1に示す。尚、結果は各穴内における破骨細胞の数により示した。また、コントロール(−)は被験物質の代わりに同量の10%FCS含有αMEM培地を添加したものである。
図1よりマウス骨髄細胞を用いたPGE刺激下破骨細胞形成実験系において、CS−Eは用量依存的に破骨細胞の形成を有意に抑制することが判明した。
【0037】
実施例2
参考例1で得られたCS−E(イカ軟骨由来)と参考例1で得られたCS−EをコンドロイチナーゼABCで分解した分解物を各100μg/mL用いるほかは、実施例1と同様に操作し、形成された破骨細胞の数を顕微鏡下で計測した。結果を図2に示す。尚、コントロール(−)は、被験物質の代わりに同量の10%FCS含有αMEM培地を添加したものである。
【0038】
実施例1においてCS−Eについては用量依存的破骨細胞形成抑制作用が確認されたが、図2より、CS−EをコンドロイチナーゼABCにより処理した分解物(主に不飽和二糖)には有意な破骨細胞形成抑制作用は確認されなかった。つまり、破骨細胞形成抑制作用は、二糖単位の繰り返し構造からなるCS−E構造、若しくは分子のサイズが大きく関与していると示唆される。
【0039】
実施例3
参考例1で得られたCS−E(マイカ軟骨由来)、参考例2で得られたガラクトサミン6位硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸A(硫酸化CS−A)、同様に参考例3で得られたガラクトサミン6位硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸B(硫酸化CS−B)、ヘパリン(SIGMA社製)を図3に示す濃度となる様に用いるほかは、実施例1と同様に操作し、形成された破骨細胞の数を顕微鏡下で計測した。
結果を図3に示す。尚、コントロール(−)は、被験物質の代わりに、同量の10%FCS含有αMEM培地を添加したものである。
【0040】
図3より明らかな様に、天然物より抽出されたCS−Eだけでなく、特異的に硫酸基を導入することによって作成したCS−Eの特徴であるΔDi(4,6)Sを多く含有する硫酸化GAGにも有意な破骨形成抑制作用が確認された。これより、硫酸化GAGによる破骨細胞形成抑制作用には、ΔDi(4,6)S含量も関与していると示唆される。
【0041】
実施例4
参考例4で得られた硫酸化度の異なるコンドロイチンポリ硫酸(CPS1〜CPS6)を各々50μg/mLとなる様に用いるほかは実施例1と同様に操作し、形成された破骨細胞の数を顕微鏡下で計測した。
結果を図4に示す。尚、コントロール(−)は、被験物質の代わりに、同量の10%FCS含有αMEM培地を添加したものである。
【0042】
図4より、硫酸化度の高さに依存する様に破骨細胞形成抑制作用が確認され、硫酸化度が低いと殆ど破骨細胞抑制効果は殆ど確認されなかった。これより、硫酸化GAGの破骨細胞形成抑制作用には硫酸基含量が関係していると示唆される。
【0043】
実施例5
豚皮由来コンドロイチン硫酸B(生化学工業(株)製)を図5に示す濃度(10、100、1000μg/mL)となるように用いたほかは、実施例1と同様に操作し、形成された破骨細胞の数を顕微鏡下で計測した。
結果を図5に示す。尚、コントロール(−)は、被験物質の代わりに、同量の10%FCS含有αMEM培地を添加したものである。
【0044】
実施例6
牛腎由来ヘパラン硫酸(生化学工業(株)製)を図6に示す濃度(30、300μg/mL)となるように用いたほかは実施例1と同様に操作し、形成された破骨細胞の数を顕微鏡下で計測した。
結果を図6に示す。尚、コントロール(−)は、被験物質の代わりに、同量の10%FCS含有αMEM培地を添加したものである。
【0045】
実施例5、実施例6の結果(図5、図6)より、CS−Bとヘパラン硫酸にも用量依存的破骨細胞形成抑制作用が確認され、また、実施例3(図3)においてCS−Eとは異なる構造であるヘパリンにも破骨細胞形成抑制作用が確認されている。これら3つの化合物はいずれも構成二糖単位を構成する成分としてL−イズロン酸を含有しており、硫酸化GAGの破骨細胞形成抑制作用には構成二糖単位のウロン酸が主にL−イズロン酸であるものも有効であると考えられる。
【0046】
更に、実施例3(図3)において、CS−Bの構成二糖単位を構成するGalNAcのO−6位に特異的に硫酸基を導入して得られる硫酸化CS−Bは、構成二糖単位としてL−イズロン酸を含有しないCS−Aを特異的に硫酸化して得た硫酸化CS−Aと比較して顕著に強い破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示しており、また、構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸としてL−イズロン酸を含有するが、CS−Eとは構造が異なるヘパリンと比較して同等以上の破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示している。この結果より、本発明物質としては、CS−Eの特徴であるCS−E構造〔ΔDi(4,6)S〕を多く含有し、及び、構成二糖単位を構成するウロン酸としてL−イズロン酸を含有するものが、より有効であると思われる。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明により破骨細胞形成抑制剤が提供され、当該破骨細胞形成抑制剤は慢性関節リウマチや歯周病等の炎症性骨破壊に起因する疾患や骨粗鬆症等の代謝性骨疾患の予防や治療に用いることが可能である。
【0048】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】コンドロイチン硫酸Eの用量依存的な破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示す。(−)はコントロールを示す。
【図2】コンドロイチン硫酸Eとコンドロイチン硫酸EをコンドロイチナーゼABCで分解した分解物の破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示す。(−)はコントロールを示す。
【図3】コンドロイチン硫酸E、ガラクトサミン6位硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸A、ガラクトサミン6位硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸B及びヘパリンの破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示す。図において、ChEはコンドロイチン硫酸E、S化ChAはガラクトサミン6位硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸A、S化ChBはガラクトサミン6位硫酸化コンドロイチン硫酸B、(−)はコントロールを示す。
【図4】硫酸化度の異なるコンドロイチンポリ硫酸(CPS1〜CPS6)の破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示す。CPS1、CPS2、CPS3、CPS4、CPS5、CPS6は各々硫酸化度の異なるコンドロイチンポリ硫酸を示し、ChEはコンドロイチン硫酸Eを、(−)はコントロールを示す。
【図5】コンドロイチン硫酸Bの用量依存的な破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示す。(−)はコントロールを示す。
【図6】ヘパラン硫酸の用量依存的な破骨細胞形成抑制作用を示す。(−)はコントロールを示す。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an osteoclast formation inhibitor which contains a sulfated glycosaminoglycan as an active ingredient and is suitable for prevention and treatment of metabolic bone disease and inflammatory bone disease.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Bone tissue is a dynamic tissue in which bone metabolism consisting of bone resorption and bone formation is repeated. The balance between bone resorption and bone formation is strictly regulated by both osteoblasts responsible for bone formation and osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption (Non-Patent Document 1). Is abnormal and presents various diseases.
[0003]
An example of a disease caused by an abnormal balance between bone resorption and bone formation is osteoporosis (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). Other examples include rheumatoid arthritis associated with inflammatory bone destruction and periodontitis. It is thought that these bone diseases are the result of abnormally enhanced functions of osteoclasts. Against this background, studies on osteoclast formation and regulation of bone resorption by osteoclasts have been actively conducted. Substances that specifically suppress the bone resorption process and osteoclast formation by osteoclasts are expected and studied as effective therapeutic agents for these bone diseases (Non-Patent Document 4, Non-Patent Document 5).
[0004]
So far, reports on substances that have the effect of inhibiting bone resorption based on inhibiting the release of enzymes that dissolve bone by osteoclasts and acidification of the bone surface, and containing calcium salts of sulfated glycosaminoglycans That oral compositions exhibit a suppressive effect on calcium ion release from bone caused by endotoxin stimulation of periodontopathogenic bacteria (Patent Document 1), and improvement of bone metabolism by using sodium sulfated glycosaminoglycan and calcium compounds That the agent has an inhibitory effect on the amount of calcium ion released from bone by endotoxin or human parathyroid hormone (Patent Document 2), and a calcification accelerator containing at least one selected from insulin, protamine and glycosaminoglycan There are reports of bone disease therapeutic agents (Patent Document 3) and the like consisting of bone and bone substitutes, but all of them repair bones such as calcium and bone substitutes Effects are there when regarded in which substance is used in combination, not the effect of sulfated glycosaminoglycan alone. Furthermore, oral osteoporosis preventive and therapeutic agents based on the enhancement of calcium absorption rate and bone strength by administration of chondroitin sulfate sodium salt have also been reported (Patent Document 4). There is no suggestion to act on the oncoming differentiation process to prevent osteoclast formation.
[0005]
The mechanism of osteoclast differentiation induction is as follows: active vitamin D (1α, 25 (OH) 2D3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), interleukin 11 (IL11), interleukin (IL6), TNFα, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), The expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) is expressed on the osteoblast surface by the action on osteoblasts (Non-patent Document 6, Non-Patent Document 7), while the surface of osteoclasts Expresses a receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), which is an ODF receptor, and it has been reported that the binding of ODF and RANK is necessary for the formation of osteoclasts (non-patent literature). 8). As a suppressive system, soluble bone resorption inhibitor (OCIF) is produced from various cells, and it has been reported that the formation of osteoclasts is suppressed by competitively inhibiting the binding between ODF and RANK. (Non-Patent Document 9, Non-Patent Document 10, and Non-Patent Document 11).
[0006]
Furthermore, the mechanism of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease has also been elucidated. In particular, it has been suggested that the involvement of the immune system in these bone diseases is significant, and ODF expression by activated T cells and It has been pointed out that it is caused by the enhancement of osteoclast formation accompanying this (Non-Patent Documents 12 and 13). It has also been suggested that a substance that blocks the binding between ODF and RANK may be an effective therapeutic agent for such bone diseases (Non-Patent Document 14). However, Osteoprotegerin (OPG), which blocks the signal of ODF to RANK, has not yet been marketed as a therapeutic agent.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-6-80546
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-7-53388
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-62-201825
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-7-109222
[Non-Patent Document 1] Chambers, T .; J. , Et al (1991) Vitamins Hormones 46, 41-86.
[Non-Patent Document 2] Suda, T .; , Et al (1992) Endocr. Rev .. , 13, 66-80
[Non-Patent Document 3] Suda, T .; , Et al (1996) In "Principles of Bone Biology (Bilezilian, JP, et al. Eds)" pp. 87-102
[Non-Patent Document 4] Moreland LW. , Et al (1993) Am. J. Med. Sci. , 305 (1) 40-51
[Non-Patent Document 5] Mebio. , 11 (2), p. 24 (1994)
[Non-Patent Document 6] Yasuda et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 3597-3602 (1998)
[Non-Patent Document 7] Racey et al. , Cell 93, 165-176 (1998).
[Non-Patent Document 8] Nakagawa, N .; , Et al (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 253, 395-400
[Non-Patent Document 9] Tsuda, E .; , Et al (1996) Biochemistry 68, 683.
[Non-Patent Document 10] Tsuda, E .; , Et al (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 234, 137-142
[Non-Patent Document 11] Yasuda, H .; , Et al (1998) Endcrinology 139, 1329-1337.
[Non-Patent Document 12] Teng, YTA. , Et al (2000) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 106 (6), R59-R67.
[Non-Patent Document 13] Kong, YY. , Et al (1999) Nature, 402 (6759), 304-309.
[Non-Patent Document 14] Simonet. , Et al (1997), Cell, 89, 309-319.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention provides an osteoclast formation inhibitor which can be used for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by inflammatory bone destruction such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease and metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. The purpose is to:
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above problems, and as a result, found that sulfated glycosaminoglycan (hereinafter, also referred to as sulfated GAG) has an effect of suppressing the formation of osteoclasts. Was completed. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. The present invention is an osteoclast formation inhibitor containing a sulfated glycosaminoglycan or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. More preferably, the present invention mainly provides a sulfated GAG having a sulfur content of 3% to 16% (w / w%) or a uronic acid residue mainly constituting a disaccharide unit constituting glycosaminoglycan as L-uronic acid. An osteoclast formation inhibitor comprising a sulfated GAG selected from sulfated GAGs containing iduronic acid or a salt thereof.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The sulfated glycosaminoglycan, which is an active ingredient of the osteoclast formation inhibitor of the present invention, refers to a sulfated GAG having an effect of suppressing osteoclast formation (hereinafter, also referred to as the substance of the present invention). Not limited. The osteoclast formation inhibitory effect can be determined, for example, by using mouse bone marrow cells and2It can be confirmed by measuring the number of osteoclasts by using an experimental system in which the formation of osteoclasts is induced by adding a bone resorption promoting factor such as the above, and by coexisting a test substance with this experimental system. However, the effect is not particularly confirmed only in this experimental system, but can be confirmed in experiments of other osteoclast differentiation induction models.
[0011]
The substance of the present invention comprises a uronic acid residue selected from L-iduronic acid or D-glucuronic acid (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as GlcA) and D-glucosamine, D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or N-glucosamine. Having a repeating structure of a disaccharide unit (hereinafter also referred to as a constituent disaccharide unit) composed of a hexosamine residue selected from -acetyl-D-galactosamine (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as GalNAc) as a basic skeleton; It has a structure in which a hydroxyl group or an amino group in a part of a uronic acid residue and a hexosamine residue that is not involved in a glycosidic bond between the uronic acid residue and the hexosamine residue is partially sulfated.
[0012]
Preferably, sulfated GAG in which uronic acid constituting the constituent disaccharide unit is mainly L-iduronic acid, or uronic acid is L-iduronic acid and / or D-glucuronic acid and the sulfur content is 3% to 16% (W / w%) or one molecule of a hexosamine residue and one molecule of a uronic acid residue having a sulfate group only at the O-4 and O-6 positions of the hexosamine residue. Sulfated GAGs having a saccharide unit structure in the repeating structure of the constituent disaccharide units are exemplified. In still another aspect, for example, PGE using mouse bone marrow cells and 10% fetal bovine serum-containing Minimum Essential Medium Alpha Medium medium2Culture of osteoclasts under stimulation (culture conditions: 37 ° C., CO2By adding 50 μg / mL of sulfated GAG to the culture medium (in an incubator for 7 days), the formation of osteoclasts was reduced to 70% or less as compared with a control similarly cultured without the addition of sulfated GAG. Sulfated GAGs.
[0013]
Most preferably, dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B, hereinafter also referred to as DS), heparin, heparan sulfate (hereinafter, also referred to as HS), chondroitin sulfate E (hereinafter, also referred to as CS-E), sulfated chondroitin sulfate B (sulfated Sulfated chondroitin sulfate A (hereinafter also referred to as sulfated CS-A), sulfated chondroitin sulfate C (hereinafter also referred to as sulfated CS-C). ), Chondroitin polysulfate (hereinafter also referred to as CPS) and the like.
[0014]
Hereinafter, this will be described more specifically.
Examples of the sulfated GAG in which uronic acid constituting the constituent disaccharide unit is mainly L-iduronic acid include DS, heparin, HS, and the like.
[0015]
Further, as a sulfated GAG in which the uronic acid constituting the constituent disaccharide unit is L-iduronic acid and / or D-glucuronic acid and the sulfur content is 3% to 16% (w / w%), the constituent disaccharide Sulfuric acid in which a hydroxyl group and / or an amino group at a site not involved in a glycosidic bond between a uronic acid residue and a hexosamine residue in a uronic acid residue and a hexosamine residue constituting a unit are partially sulfated. And the sulfur content is derived from sulfate ions that are sulfating hydroxyl groups and / or amino groups. Such sulfated GAGs include DS, heparin and HS, in which uronic acid is mainly L-iduronic acid, and CS-E, sulfated CS-B, sulfated CS-A, sulfated CS- C, CPS and the like.
Further, as the substance of the present invention, a sulfated GAG having a sulfur content of 6% to 14% (w / w%) is more preferable. As such a sulfated GAG, CS-E, sulfated CS-B, sulfated CS-A, sulfated CS-C and CPS.
[0016]
For example, it has a constituent disaccharide unit composed of D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), and the O-1 position of GlcA and the O-3 position of GalNAc form a β-glycoside bond. In the case of chondroitin sulfate (hereinafter, also referred to as CS), a sulfur content of 6% to 15% (w / w%) is preferable, and sites capable of being sulfated include O-4 position, O-6 position and GalNAc of GalNAc. The hydroxyl groups at the O-2 and O-3 positions of GlcA are exemplified.
[0017]
Further, as an example of a sulfated GAG having a constituent disaccharide unit having a sulfate group only at the O-4 and O-6 positions of a hexosamine residue, chondroitinase ABC (hereinafter also referred to as C-ABC) is an example. ) And analysis by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (hereinafter also referred to as HPLC) in combination with disaccharide composition analysis, it was confirmed that GalNAc had sulfate groups only at the O-4 and O-6 positions. A CS in which a saturated disaccharide (hereinafter, also referred to as ΔDi (4,6) S) is detected (see Anal. Biochem., 177, 327-332 (1989)). Further, as the substance of the present invention, CS in which ΔDi (4,6) S is 10% to 80% is more preferable among all the constituent disaccharide units decomposed by C-ABC and detected by HPLC, and ΔDi ( 4,6) CS in which S is 10% to 70% is more preferable. Examples of such CS include CS-E, sulfated CS-B, sulfated CS-A, sulfated CS-C, CPS, and the like.
[0018]
The sulfated CS-B is a product obtained by introducing a sulfate group into normal chondroitin sulfate B (dermatan sulfate; hereinafter, also referred to as CS-B) derived from a natural product, and is preferably used. GalNAc is specifically sulfated at the O-6 position, and has a higher sulfate content than CS-B. Similarly, the sulfated CS-A is a product obtained by introducing a sulfate group into normal chondroitin sulfate A (hereinafter, also referred to as CS-A) derived from a natural product, and is preferably the O-6 position of GalNAc. Are specifically sulfated and have a higher sulfuric acid content than CS-A. Sulfated CS-C is a product obtained by introducing a sulfate group into normal chondroitin sulfate C (hereinafter, also referred to as CS-C) derived from a natural product. Preferably, the O-4 position of GalNAc is obtained. It is specifically sulfated and has a higher sulfuric acid content than CS-C. On the other hand, CPS is chondroitin polysulfate obtained by regiospecifically sulfonating chondroitin sulfate which is usually used.
[0019]
A method for obtaining a sulfated glycosaminoglycan having a high sulfuric acid content as described above by artificially introducing a sulfate group into ordinary sulfated glycosaminoglycan, as long as the sulfate group is introduced at the intended position, Although not particularly limited, it is possible to use a method of chemically sulfating or a method of transferring a sulfate group using an appropriate sulfotransferase. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-99485 and Carbohydr. Res. , 158, 183 (1986).
[0020]
From another viewpoint, the substance of the present invention is obtained by using mouse bone marrow cells and PGE using αMEM medium containing 10% FCS.2Culture of osteoclasts under stimulation (culture conditions: 37 ° C., CO2By adding 50 μg / mL of sulfated GAG to the culture medium in an incubator for 7 days), the formation of osteoclasts is 70% or less as compared to a control cultured similarly without the addition of sulfated GAG. It can also be expressed as the sulfated GAG. Further, as the substance of the present invention, a sulfated GAG which makes the formation of osteoclasts 60% or less in this method is more preferable, a sulfated GAG which makes 50% or less is more preferable, and a sulfated GAG which makes 35% or less. Most preferred. The specific means of the culturing method are as described in Examples below.
[0021]
Although the molecular weight of the substance of the present invention is not limited, the average molecular weight is preferably 1,500 to 150,000 (according to gel filtration method), more preferably 5,000 to 100,000. The average molecular weight of a polysaccharide is generally indicated by a weight average molecular weight, but it is common knowledge to those skilled in the art that the average molecular weight of glycosaminoglycan differs somewhat depending on the measurement method and measurement conditions even in the same sample. In addition, the substance of the present invention is not strictly limited to the above range of the average molecular weight. The substance of the present invention is not particularly limited by its origin, origin, manufacturing method, etc., as long as it satisfies the properties possessed by the substance of the present invention, it can be obtained by extraction and purification from natural resources, or can be obtained from natural resources. It may be modified by a chemical method using a substance obtained by extraction and purification as a raw material, artificially synthesized, or genetically engineered by animal cells, plant cells, microorganisms, or the like.
[0022]
Natural resources used in the case of isolating and purifying the sulfated glycosaminoglycan as a substance of the present invention or a synthetic raw material of the substance of the present invention from natural resources include, for example, cockscomb, whale cartilage, shark cartilage, squid cartilage, pig skin , Porcine small intestine, bovine kidney and the like, but the species, genus and site are not particularly limited as long as the objective sulfated GAG can be obtained.
The salt of the substance of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not lose the effect of the substance of the present invention on inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts. For example, alkali metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt and lithium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt; salts with inorganic bases such as ammonium salt; and organic bases such as diethanolamine salt, cyclohexylamine salt and amino acid salt. And a sodium salt is preferred.
[0023]
The substance of the present invention significantly suppresses osteoclast formation in an experimental system of osteoclast formation using mouse bone marrow cells. These results confirm that the substance of the present invention has an inhibitory action on osteoclast formation and can be used as an osteoclast formation inhibitor. When the formation of osteoclasts is suppressed, bone resorption in bone tissue is suppressed. Therefore, the agent for suppressing osteoclast formation of the present invention may be used for metabolic bone diseases represented by osteoporosis, rheumatism and periodontal disease. It can also be used for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by abnormally increased osteoclasts, such as osteoblasts. When the salt of the substance of the present invention is used for the prevention or treatment of the above-mentioned diseases, a pharmacologically acceptable salt is particularly preferable among the above-mentioned salts.
[0024]
When the substance of the present invention is used for the prevention or treatment of the above-mentioned diseases, it is usually used at the time of other medicinal ingredients and preparations as long as it does not substantially impair the action of the substance of the present invention and does not adversely affect the administration subject. Excipients, binders, preservatives, stabilizers and the like can be used as appropriate. The dosage form and administration route may be formulated into tablets, capsules, granules, powders, injections, ointments and the like, and administration methods such as oral, injection, and application may be considered. It is necessary to make a proper selection according to the severity.
[0025]
Many of the substances of the present invention have already been administered to the human body as pharmaceuticals, foods and the like, and their safety has been sufficiently confirmed. Furthermore, the osteoclast formation inhibitor of the present invention is also used as a research reagent for studying bone metabolism and the like.
[0026]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0027]
Test method 1 Sulfur content analysis method combining hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and analysis by ion chromatography
A test substance (the substance of the present invention used in the examples described later) (200 μL) of 1 mg / mL aqueous solution and 200 μL of 4N hydrochloric acid were mixed, sealed, and hydrolyzed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours. This was dried under reduced pressure, 1 mL of distilled water was added, and the mixture was filtered with a 0.45 μm filter to obtain a hydrolyzed solution of the test substance in hydrochloric acid.
The hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed solution (30 μL) was subjected to ion chromatography equipped with a column for anion analysis (TSKgel SuperIC-Anion, inner diameter 4.6 mm, length 15 cm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) for 12 minutes for anion analysis. Elution was carried out with an eluent (TS Keluent IC-Anion-S, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), and the electrical conductivity was detected using the elution time of a sulfate ion standard as an index to obtain an HPLC chart. The sulfate content of the test substance was calculated from the sulfate ion standard and each peak area of the obtained HPLC chart, and the sulfur content was calculated based on the sulfate content.
[0028]
Test Method 2 Disaccharide Composition Analysis Method Combining Degradation by Chondroitinase ABC and Analysis by Ion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography
A test substance is dissolved in distilled water to a concentration of 10 mg / mL, and 20 μL of the solution is dissolved in 20 μL of an enzyme solution containing 0.5 U of chondroitinase ABC (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) (0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer (0.05 M). pH 7.5)), and an enzyme digestion reaction was performed at 37 ° C. for 3 hours. After heating in boiling water for 30 seconds, the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation.
The supernatant containing the enzyme digest was subjected to ion-exchange-HPLC equipped with a YMC PA column (120 mm, 5 μm, inner diameter 4 × 250 mm, manufactured by YMC), and 16 mM to 800 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate was applied for 60 minutes. The solution was subjected to linear gradient elution, and detection was performed using the absorption at 232 nm of ultraviolet (UV) as an index to obtain an HPLC chart. From each peak area of the obtained HPLC chart, ΔDi (4,6) S [2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-based on the entire disaccharide unit degraded by the chondroitinase ABC of the test substance and detected by HPLC. The ratio of O- (β-D-gluco-β-D-gluco-4-enopyranosyluronic acid) -4,6-bis-O-sulfo-D-galactose was calculated.
[0029]
Reference Example 1
Production of chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E)
After 240 g of mica cartilage was shredded and boiled for 20 minutes, 240 mL of water and 2.4 g of actinase (manufactured by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) were added, and the mixture was extracted overnight at pH 7.5 and 55 ° C. To this extract was added 1.2 g of sodium carbonate, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour under conditions of pH 10.5 and 50 ° C., then filtered, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated to 200 mL. A 0.5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and a 0.2% aqueous sodium bisulfite solution were added to the concentrated solution, and alkali treatment was performed at 35 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, 200 mL of ethanol, ethanol and a 3% aqueous sodium acetate solution (pH 4.8) were added. ) And a total of 240 mL of ethanol and a 3% aqueous solution of sodium acetate (pH 4.8) were fractionated three times, and the solution was adsorbed to resin HPA-11M (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation). The eluate at a sodium chloride concentration of 3.7 M was collected, concentrated, filtered, dialyzed against pure water, and further concentrated to 200 mL. Activated carbon (0.5 g) was added to the concentrated solution, and the mixture was stirred at pH 4.8 and 50 ° C for 1 hour. Thereafter, filtration was performed, and a precipitate obtained by adding 4 times the amount of ethanol was dried to obtain CS-E (dry weight: 2 g). The obtained CS-E was subjected to gel filtration chromatography (hereinafter, also referred to as GPC) using a standard sample of CS-A and CS-C whose molecular weight was measured by a light scattering light method as a standard. , 900, the sulfur content measured by Test Method 1 was 11.4%, and the disaccharide composition analysis by Test Method 2 showed a ratio of ΔDi (4,6) S of 67.9%. .
[0030]
Reference Example 2
Production of sulfated chondroitin sulfate A (sulfated CS-A)
3 g of chondroitin sulfate A (hereinafter, also referred to as CS-A; derived from whale, manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) is dissolved in 150 mL of water, and Dowex 50 [H+After performing ion exchange using a column (manufactured by Dow Chemical), the pH was adjusted to 5.0 with 10% tri-n-butylamine / ethanol, and washed twice with 300 mL of diethyl ether. After distilling off diethyl ether at 20 ° C. under reduced pressure, the remaining aqueous layer was freeze-dried, and further dried under reduced pressure in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide to obtain tri-n-butylamine salt of CS-A. . After dissolving this salt in 300 mL of dimethylformamide (hereinafter, also referred to as DMF), pyridine-SO37.5 g of a complex (manufactured by Aldrich) / 100 mL of DMF was slowly dropped, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour to perform sulfation. The reaction was stopped by adding 100 mL of water, adjusted to pH 9.0 with a 0.1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dialyzed with running water, and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. The obtained concentrated liquid was subjected to ion exchange (SA-12A (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation): 150 mL and PK-220 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation): 150 mL). The eluate was neutralized with a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, concentrated at 40 ° C. with an evaporator, sodium acetate was added to a concentration of 5%, and a precipitate obtained by adding a 5-fold amount of ethanol was dried. Then, galactosamine 6-sulfated CS-A (dry weight: 2 g) was obtained. The average molecular weight, sulfur content, and ratio of ΔDi (4,6) S of the obtained sulfated CS-A were measured in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. As a result, the average molecular weight was 16,900, the sulfur content was 12%, and the ratio of ΔDi (4,6) S was 66.8%.
[0031]
Reference Example 3
Production of sulfated chondroitin sulfate B (sulfated CS-B)
3 g of chondroitin sulfate B (derived from cockscomb, manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) was treated in the same manner as in Production Example 2 to obtain galactosamine 6-sulfated CS-B. About the obtained sulfated CS-B, the average molecular weight, the sulfur content, and the ratio of ΔDi (4,6) S were measured in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. As a result, the average molecular weight was 27,500, the sulfur content was 13.6%, and the ratio of ΔDi (4,6) S was 68.5% in the disaccharide composition analysis by the above Test Method 2.
[0032]
Reference example 4
Production of chondroitin polysulfate (CPS) with different degrees of sulfation
600 g of chondroitin sulfate C (derived from shark cartilage, manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) was added to 2.4 L of cooled concentrated sulfuric acid, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour with stirring. The reaction solution was diluted, neutralized by adding 4.75 kg of calcium carbonate, filtered using diatomaceous earth, and concentrated to 3 L by heat treatment under reduced pressure. After 146 g of sodium carbonate was added to the obtained concentrated solution, the solution was filtered using diatomaceous earth. 162 g of sodium acetate and 180 mL of 60% acetic acid were added to the filtrate, and ethanol was added to a final concentration of 40%. The precipitate generated by this ethanol fractionation was dissolved in 3.3 L of water, and 150 g of activated carbon was added. Further, this was filtered through diatomaceous earth, sodium acetate, 60% acetic acid and 4 L of ethanol were added to the filtrate, the resulting precipitate was dissolved in 1.2 L of water, and 2 g of sodium citrate and 1.25 mL of sodium hydroxide were added. To pH 6.0. After the solution was dried, it was pulverized to obtain 227 g of CPS sample powder.
[0033]
5 g of the above CPS was dissolved in 1 L of methanol containing 0.5% (v / v) acetyl chloride, and a desulfation reaction was performed with stirring at 5 ° C. In order to obtain CPSs having different degrees of sulfation, the reaction was performed under six conditions of 5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours and 45 minutes, 20 hours, 25 hours and 30 minutes, and 31 hours. The sample after the reaction was centrifuged to remove the supernatant, washed with ethanol and ether, and dried under reduced pressure. The obtained white precipitate was dissolved in 100 mL of a 0.1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the sample was hydrolyzed at room temperature, neutralized, and dialyzed under running water. The dialyzed sample was concentrated, filtered through a 0.22 μm filter, and freeze-dried to obtain CPS with different degrees of sulfation (5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours 45 minutes, 20 hours, 25 hours 30 minutes, 31 These are called CPS1, CPS2, CPS3, CPS4, CPS5, and CPS6, respectively, depending on the reaction time.
[0034]
The sulfur content measured in accordance with Test Method 1 is 11.3%, 7.8%, 7.7%, 7.9%, 5.9% for each of CPS1, CPS2, CPS3, CPS4, CPS5, and CPS6. 5.5%, and the average molecular weight was 6,100, 6,000, 6,700, 6,500, 5,800, 6,100, respectively. In the disaccharide composition analysis according to Test Method 2, the ratios of ΔDi (4,6) S in CPS1, CPS2, CPS3, CPS4, CPS5, and CPS6 were 12.8%, 11.5%, and 10.3%, respectively. 9%, 11.6%, 8.1% and 4.7%.
[0035]
Example 1
The tibia and femur of a ddY mouse (6-week-old female) were excised, and bone marrow cells were collected from the distal ends of both bones. Bone marrow cells were plated on a 24-well cell culture plate at 5 x 106Seed cells / well and 10 6Mol / L prostaglandin E2(Hereinafter PGE2That. Under stimulation, the squid cartilage-derived CS-E obtained in Reference Example 1 was added to wells of a 24-well cell culture plate at a concentration of 10, 100, and 1000 μg / mL under stimulation, and 10% fetal bovine serum was added. (Boehringer, hereinafter referred to as FCS) containing Minimal Essential Medium Alpha Medium (GIBCO, hereinafter referred to as αMEM) in a medium at 37 ° C. for 7 days at 37 ° C.2The cells were cultured in an incubator. PGE every few days during culture2, CS-E and an αMEM medium containing 10% FCS were exchanged. After culturing for 7 days, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (hereinafter referred to as TRAP), a marker for osteoclasts, was stained with an azo dye method using an azo dye method containing naphthol AS-BI phosphate and fast garnet GBC salt. Acid Phosphatease, Leukocyte "(trade name: manufactured by SIGMA, hereinafter, referred to as Acid Phosphatease, Leukocyte), and the number of osteoclasts formed was counted under a microscope.
[0036]
The results are shown in FIG. The results are shown by the number of osteoclasts in each hole. Control (-) is the one to which the same amount of αMEM medium containing 10% FCS was added instead of the test substance.
From FIG. 1, PGE using mouse bone marrow cells2In the stimulated osteoclast formation experimental system, CS-E was found to significantly suppress osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner.
[0037]
Example 2
Same as Example 1 except that CS-E (derived from squid cartilage) obtained in Reference Example 1 and CS-E obtained in Reference Example 1 decomposed with chondroitinase ABC at 100 μg / mL were used. And the number of osteoclasts formed was counted under a microscope. FIG. 2 shows the results. Note that the control (-) was prepared by adding the same amount of an αMEM medium containing 10% FCS instead of the test substance.
[0038]
In Example 1, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation was confirmed for CS-E. However, from FIG. 2, the degradation product (mainly unsaturated disaccharide) obtained by treating CS-E with chondroitinase ABC was confirmed. Showed no significant osteoclast formation inhibitory effect. In other words, it is suggested that the osteoclast formation-inhibiting action is largely related to the CS-E structure composed of repeating disaccharide units or the size of the molecule.
[0039]
Example 3
CS-E (derived from mica cartilage) obtained in Reference Example 1, galactosamine 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate A (sulfated CS-A) obtained in Reference Example 2, and galactosamine 6 similarly obtained in Reference Example 3 The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that the position-sulfated chondroitin sulfate B (sulfated CS-B) and heparin (manufactured by SIGMA) were used at the concentrations shown in FIG. The number was counted under a microscope.
The results are shown in FIG. Note that the control (-) was obtained by adding the same amount of 10% FCS-containing αMEM medium instead of the test substance.
[0040]
As is clear from FIG. 3, not only CS-E extracted from natural products but also a large amount of ΔDi (4,6) S which is a characteristic of CS-E prepared by specifically introducing a sulfate group. Sulfated GAGs also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on bone formation. This suggests that the ΔDi (4,6) S content is also involved in the osteoclast formation inhibitory effect of sulfated GAG.
[0041]
Example 4
The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that the chondroitin polysulfates (CPS1 to CPS6) having different degrees of sulfation obtained in Reference Example 4 were used at a concentration of 50 μg / mL to determine the number of osteoclasts formed. Measured under a microscope.
FIG. 4 shows the results. The control (-) was prepared by adding the same amount of an αMEM medium containing 10% FCS instead of the test substance.
[0042]
4. From FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the osteoclast formation-suppressing action was dependent on the degree of sulfation, and almost no osteoclast-inhibiting effect was observed when the sulfation was low. This suggests that the sulfated GAG is related to the osteoclast formation-inhibiting action of sulfated GAGs.
[0043]
Example 5
Except for using pig skin-derived chondroitin sulfate B (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) at the concentrations shown in FIG. 5 (10, 100, and 1000 μg / mL), the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to form chondroitin sulfate B. The number of osteoclasts was counted under a microscope.
The results are shown in FIG. The control (-) was prepared by adding the same amount of an αMEM medium containing 10% FCS instead of the test substance.
[0044]
Example 6
Except for using bovine kidney-derived heparan sulfate (manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) at the concentration shown in FIG. 6 (30, 300 μg / mL), the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to form the formed osteoclast. Was counted under a microscope.
FIG. 6 shows the results. The control (-) was prepared by adding the same amount of an αMEM medium containing 10% FCS instead of the test substance.
[0045]
From the results of Example 5 and Example 6 (FIGS. 5 and 6), CS-B and heparan sulfate also confirmed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation. Heparin having a structure different from that of -E has been confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation. All of these three compounds contain L-iduronic acid as a component constituting the constituent disaccharide unit, and uronic acid of the constituent disaccharide unit mainly contains L-iduronic acid for the inhibitory action of sulfated GAG on osteoclast formation. Those that are iduronic acid are also considered to be effective.
[0046]
Further, in Example 3 (FIG. 3), the sulfated CS-B obtained by specifically introducing a sulfate group at the O-6 position of GalNAc constituting the constituent disaccharide unit of CS-B was It shows a markedly stronger inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation as compared to sulfated CS-A obtained by specifically sulfating CS-A containing no L-iduronic acid as a unit. Contains L-iduronic acid as a uronic acid, but has an osteoclast formation inhibitory activity equal to or higher than that of heparin having a different structure from CS-E. From these results, the substance of the present invention contains a large amount of the CS-E structure [ΔDi (4,6) S], which is a feature of CS-E, and has L-iduronic acid as uronic acid constituting a constituent disaccharide unit. Those containing acids appear to be more effective.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides an osteoclast formation inhibitor, which prevents or treats a disease caused by inflammatory bone destruction such as rheumatoid arthritis or periodontal disease or a metabolic bone disease such as osteoporosis. Can be used.
[0048]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of chondroitin sulfate E on osteoclast formation. (-) Indicates a control.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of chondroitin sulfate E and a degradation product obtained by degrading chondroitin sulfate E with chondroitinase ABC on the formation of osteoclasts. (-) Indicates a control.
FIG. 3 shows the inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate E, galactosamine 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate A, galactosamine 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate B and heparin on osteoclast formation. In the figure, ChE indicates chondroitin sulfate E, S-ChA indicates galactosamine 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate A, S-ChB indicates galactosamine 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate B, and (-) indicates a control.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of chondroitin polysulfates (CPS1 to CPS6) having different degrees of sulfation on inhibiting osteoclast formation. CPS1, CPS2, CPS3, CPS4, CPS5, and CPS6 each represent chondroitin polysulfate having a different degree of sulfation, ChE represents chondroitin sulfate E, and (-) represents a control.
FIG. 5 shows the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of chondroitin sulfate B on osteoclast formation. (-) Indicates a control.
FIG. 6 shows the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of heparan sulfate on osteoclast formation. (-) Indicates a control.

Claims (1)

硫酸化グリコサミノグリカン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する破骨細胞形成抑制剤。An osteoclast formation inhibitor comprising a sulfated glycosaminoglycan or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
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WO2005102362A1 (en) * 2004-04-26 2005-11-03 Anamar Medical Ab Use of chondroitin sulphate e (cs-e ) for the treatment diseases or conditions related to collagen fibril formation.
WO2006068146A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Seikagaku Corporation Novel chondroitin sulfate fraction
WO2006098332A1 (en) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-21 Seikagaku Corporation Promoter for hard tissue formation
JP2007137815A (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-06-07 Univ Nagoya Anti-inflammatory agent
JP2007224286A (en) * 2006-01-25 2007-09-06 Tottori Univ Process for acquiring polysaccharide from living body tissue
JP2007246448A (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-27 Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology Prophylactic/therapeutic agent for periodontal disease
JP2008001614A (en) * 2006-06-20 2008-01-10 Seikagaku Kogyo Co Ltd Chondroitin sulfate iron colloid preparation and method for producing the same
JPWO2008102568A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-05-27 株式会社Pgリサーチ Bone and cartilage formation promoter
EP2509607A4 (en) * 2009-12-09 2013-06-12 Agency Science Tech & Res Glycosaminoglycan mixtures
JP2014514424A (en) * 2011-05-12 2014-06-19 ニョシス ソシエタ ペル アチオニ Chondroitin sulfate sulphated biotechnologically at the 4th or 6th position of the same polysaccharide chain, and a preparation method thereof

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CN105924544B (en) * 2016-05-16 2018-03-09 山东大学 A kind of high sulfated chondroitin sulfate and preparation method and application

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005102362A1 (en) * 2004-04-26 2005-11-03 Anamar Medical Ab Use of chondroitin sulphate e (cs-e ) for the treatment diseases or conditions related to collagen fibril formation.
US7956047B2 (en) 2004-04-26 2011-06-07 Anamar Ab Use of chondroitin sulphate E (CS-E) for the treatment of diseases or conditions related to collagen fibril formation
JPWO2006068146A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-06-12 生化学工業株式会社 New chondroitin sulfate fraction
WO2006068146A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Seikagaku Corporation Novel chondroitin sulfate fraction
WO2006098332A1 (en) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-21 Seikagaku Corporation Promoter for hard tissue formation
US8604003B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2013-12-10 Seikagaku Corporation Promoter for hard tissue formation
JP2007137815A (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-06-07 Univ Nagoya Anti-inflammatory agent
JP2007224286A (en) * 2006-01-25 2007-09-06 Tottori Univ Process for acquiring polysaccharide from living body tissue
JP2007246448A (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-27 Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology Prophylactic/therapeutic agent for periodontal disease
JP2008001614A (en) * 2006-06-20 2008-01-10 Seikagaku Kogyo Co Ltd Chondroitin sulfate iron colloid preparation and method for producing the same
JPWO2008102568A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-05-27 株式会社Pgリサーチ Bone and cartilage formation promoter
EP2509607A4 (en) * 2009-12-09 2013-06-12 Agency Science Tech & Res Glycosaminoglycan mixtures
JP2014514424A (en) * 2011-05-12 2014-06-19 ニョシス ソシエタ ペル アチオニ Chondroitin sulfate sulphated biotechnologically at the 4th or 6th position of the same polysaccharide chain, and a preparation method thereof

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