JP2004204034A - Method for manufacturing water-extracted liquid from blue-green algae - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing water-extracted liquid from blue-green algae Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004204034A
JP2004204034A JP2002374293A JP2002374293A JP2004204034A JP 2004204034 A JP2004204034 A JP 2004204034A JP 2002374293 A JP2002374293 A JP 2002374293A JP 2002374293 A JP2002374293 A JP 2002374293A JP 2004204034 A JP2004204034 A JP 2004204034A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
blue
green algae
water
protease
spirulina
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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JP2002374293A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masaki Sakakibara
正樹 榊原
Ayako Otsuka
綾子 大塚
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DIC Corp
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Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd filed Critical Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
Priority to JP2002374293A priority Critical patent/JP2004204034A/en
Publication of JP2004204034A publication Critical patent/JP2004204034A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a water-extracted liquid from blue-green algae that is abundant in nutrients, has little flavor and smell peculiar to blue-green algae, and does not separate deposits or insoluble materials when added to a foodstuff. <P>SOLUTION: Using a mixture comprising blue-green algae, a protease and water, water-soluble proteins in the blue-green algae are extracted into water by treating the blue-green algae in the mixture with the protease at a pH condition of 3.0-9.0. Afterwards, the insoluble materials in the mixture are removed to form the water-extracted liquid from blue-green algae. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は藍藻類特有の味、臭いが少なく、かつ、食品に添加しても沈殿物や不溶物が析出しない藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
スピルリナ等の藍藻類は、緑黄色野菜に特有の栄養成分や、固有の栄養成分を豊富に含み、通常の食生活において不足しがちな栄養成分を手軽に摂取できる食品である。藍藻類は、例えば、屋外人工培養池で工業的に大量培養生産された湿藻体を、収穫し、必要に応じて濃縮し、洗浄し、乾燥する工程からなる製造方法等により粉末状の状態で市場に供給されている。しかしながら、これら粉末状の藍藻類は、水に対する溶解性が低く、飲料等の原料として用いるのは困難である。
【0003】
そこで、藍藻類から栄養に富む水可溶性蛋白質を抽出した水抽出液を飲料等に添加する試みがなされ、その抽出液の製造方法としては、藍藻類をpH10以上にてアルカリプロテアーゼを作用させ藍藻内の可溶化蛋白質を藍藻外へ溶出させる方法がある(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0004】
しかしながら、前記特許文献1に記載された方法で得られた藍藻類の抽出液には藍藻類の味、臭いがあり、食品に添加すると違和感がある。また、pH10以上と強アルカリ性の状態で藍藻類から水可溶性蛋白質を抽出するため、酵素分解による生成アミノ酸のラセミ化等により栄養成分を損なってしまう。更に、藍藻類の抽出液を添加する食品が、通常酸性の食品でありこの抽出液を加えると抽出液中の水可溶性蛋白質が析出してくる問題がある。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開昭52−61255公報(第2頁、第1表)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、藍藻類特有の味、臭いが少なく、かつ、食品に添加しても沈殿物や不溶物が析出しない藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法に関する。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく、鋭意検討を行った結果、以下の(a)〜(c)の知見を見出した。
(a) 藍藻類にpH3.0〜9.0の条件下で蛋白質分解酵素を作用させることにより藍藻類の水可溶化蛋白質をラセミ化させることなく抽出させることができる。
(b) 前記蛋白質分解酵素を作用させた後、不溶物を除去することにより、水可溶性蛋白質の水抽出溶液とすることができる。
(c) 前記抽出液は藍藻類特有の味と臭いが少なく、飲料等に好ましく添加することができる。また、この抽出液を食品に添加しても沈殿物や不溶物が析出しない。
本発明は、上記知見に基づきなされたものである。
【0008】
即ち、本発明は、藍藻類、蛋白質分解酵素および水の混合物中の藍藻類に、pH3.0〜9.0の条件で蛋白質分解酵素を作用させることにより藍藻類から水可溶性蛋白質を水中に抽出させた後、混合物中の不溶分を除去することを特徴とする藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で用いることのできる藍藻類は、スピルリナ(Spirulina)属、アファニゾメノン(Aphanizomenon)属、フィッシェレラ(Fisherella)属、アナベナ(Anabaena)属、ネンジュモ(Nostoc)属、シネコキスチス(Synechocystis)属、シネココッカス(Synechococcus)属、トリポスリクス(Tolypothrix)属、スイゼンジノリ(Aphanothece)属、マスティゴクラディス(Mastigoclaus)属、プルロカプサ(Pleurocapsa)属等が挙げられるが、工業的規模で生産され、その安全性が確認されているスピルリナ属に属するものが望ましい。
【0010】
スピルリナ(Spirulina)とは、藍藻類ネンジュモ目ユレモ科スピルリナ属の微細なラセン藻であり、例えばスピルリナ・プラテンシス(Spirulina platensis)、スピルリナ・マキシマ(Spirulina maxima)、スピルリナ・ゲイトレリ(Spirulina geitleri)、スピルリナ・サイアミーゼ(Spirulina siamese)、スピルリナ・メイヤー(Spirulina major)、スピルリナ・サブサルサ(Spirulina subsalsa)、スピルリナ・プリンセプス(Spirulina princeps)、スピルリナ・ラキシシマ(Spirulina laxissima)、スピルリナ・クルタ(Spirulina curta)、スピルリナ・スピルリノイデス(Spirulina spirulinoides)等が挙げられるが、中でも、人工的に培養でき、入手が容易なことから、スピルリナ・プラテンシス、スピルリナ・マキシマ、スピルリナ・ゲイトレリ、スピルリナ・サイアミーゼが好ましい。
【0011】
藍藻類としては、生の藍藻類、乾燥処理を施した藍藻類、藍藻類の由来成分等が挙げられる。生の藍藻類は、例えば、水中で培養された藍藻類を遠心分離、濾過等の方法により収穫して得られる。生の藍藻類は、培養池から収穫後そのままの状態で使用することもできるが、水もしくは生理食塩水で洗浄するのが好ましい。乾燥処理を施した藍藻類は、例えば、前記方法で得られた生の藍藻類を凍結乾燥処理やスプレー乾燥処理したもの等が挙げられる。藍藻類由来成分としては、超音波照射やホノゲナイズ等の機械的処理を藍藻類に施して得られたものや、酵素処理等の化学的な処理を藍藻類に施して得られたもの等が挙げられる。
【0012】
本発明で用いる蛋白質分解酵素としては、pH3.0〜9.0において蛋白質の加水分解を行う酵素であれば特に制限はなく精製されていてもされていなくても良い。蛋白質分解酵素としては、例えば、ペプシン、トリプシン、キモトリプシン、エラスターゼ等の動物消化器系由来の蛋白質分解酵素;コウジカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素、バチルス属由来の蛋白質分解酵素、クモノスカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素、アオカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素、ケカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素等の微生物由来の蛋白質分解酵素;パパイン、ブロメレイン、フィシン等の植物由来の蛋白質分解酵素等が挙げられる。蛋白質分解酵素としては微生物由来の蛋白質分解酵素が好ましく、コウジカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素、バチルス属由来の蛋白質分解酵素がより好ましい。蛋白質加水分解酵素は、単独でも良いし、複数種を併用しても良い。
【0013】
次に、本発明の製造方法について説明する。
本発明で用いる混合物は、藍藻類、蛋白質分解酵素および水の混合物であれば良く、これら以外の成分を含有していても良い。前記混合物は、例えば、▲1▼藍藻類の水懸濁液に粉末状または液体状の蛋白質分解酵素を加える、▲2▼乾燥させた藍藻類と粉末状の蛋白質分解酵素に水を加える、▲3▼乾燥させた藍藻類に混合液となるような量の蛋白質分解酵素を加える等の方法により調製することができる。
【0014】
前記混合物中の藍藻類の濃度としては、蛋白質分解酵素の作用効率が良く、後工程の処理も容易な濃度が好ましく、混合物の重量を基準として藍藻固形分濃度で1〜30重量%が好ましく、5〜20重量%がより好ましい。
【0015】
蛋白質分解酵素の使用量としては、混合液中の藍藻類固形分1gに対して1〜1000ユニット(U)が好ましく、5〜500Uがより好ましい。ここで1ユニットは、(株)学会出版センター発行の「生物化学実験法31 蛋白質分解酵素II 鶴大典・船津勝編 1993年」の146〜147頁に記載された方法で測定した。具体的には、1Uは、基質として熱変性カゼインを用い、蛋白質分解酵素を添加した濃度1重量%の基質水溶液を1ml調製し、この基質水溶液の280nmにおける吸光度を測定したとき、1分間に吸光度を0.001上昇させる酵素量である。
【0016】
前記調製した混合物のpHを3.0〜9.0に調製する。pHが9.0をこえると得られる水抽出液に藍藻類特有の味、臭いが残り食品の香味が悪化するばかりでなく、清涼飲料水等の酸性領域の食品中で沈殿物や浮遊物等の水不溶性成分が生じ易い為に好ましくない。pH3.0未満であると藍藻類中の有効成分が損なわれるので好ましくない。pHは4.0〜8.0がより好ましい。pHを調整するには、通常の食品の製造で用いる化合物、例えば、水酸化ナトリウムや塩酸等を用いれば良い。
【0017】
次にpH調整後の混合物中の藍藻類に蛋白質分解酵素を作用させ藍藻類の水可溶性蛋白質を混合物中に抽出させる。抽出させる際には混合物は静置しても攪拌しても良いが攪拌するのが好ましい。この時の温度は、蛋白質分解酵素の作用効率が良好なことから30〜75℃が好ましく、40〜60℃がより好ましい。
【0018】
前記混合物中の藍藻類に蛋白質分解酵素を作用させる際の時間としては、1〜18時間が好ましく、2〜6時間がより好ましい。
【0019】
水可溶性蛋白質を混合物中に抽出させた後、後述する不溶物の除去工程を行うが、その前に必要に応じて蛋白質分解酵素を失活させても良い。失活させるには、例えば、70〜95℃の環境下に5〜20分間静置すれば良い。
【0020】
水可溶性蛋白質を混合物中に抽出させた後、混合物中の不溶物を除去する。不溶物を除去する方法としては、固液分離できる手段であれば制限は無く、例えば、ろ紙やろ布等のろ材を用いたろ過方法や、上澄を回収するデカンテーション法、フィルタープレス法、遠心分離方法等が挙げられる。なかでも、工業的に大量処理の可能な遠心分離法、フィルタープレス法等の上澄を回収する方法が好ましく、特に遠心分離法が好ましい。
【0021】
遠心分離は、混合物中から不溶分を除去できる条件であれば良いが、重力加速度が1,000〜30,000Gで10秒〜2時間の条件が好ましく、重力加速度が3,000〜15,000Gで1〜30分間の条件がより好ましい。遠心分離機としては、ディスラッジ型遠心分離機、アルファ型遠心分離機、シャープレス型遠心分離機があるが、作業性が向上することから、ディスラッジ型遠心分離機とアルファ型遠心分離機の組み合わせによる連続遠心分離が好ましい。
【0022】
本発明の製造方法で得られた藍藻類水抽出液はそのまま飲料等に使用することができるが、活性炭濾過、ケイソウ土濾過等によって精製しても良い。また、必要あれば、更に殺菌後、乾燥して食品に供してもよい。更に粉末化することもできる。乾燥方法としては、凍結乾燥法、噴霧乾燥法等があるが、経済的なことから噴霧乾燥法が好ましい。また乾燥する時に、藍藻類抽出液にデキストリン等を加えて乾燥して、粉末物性を整えることも可能である。
【0023】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例、比較例により説明する。例中において「部」、「%」は特に断りにない限り、重量基準である。
【0024】
実施例1
スピルリナパウダーS(大日本インキ化学工業社製のスピルリナ・プラテンシスの粉末)100gを900mLの水に懸濁し懸濁液を調製した。この懸濁液を濃度1.0mol/lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpH8.0に調整した。この懸濁液にアルカラーゼ(ノボノルディスク・バイオインダストリー社製のバチルス属由来の蛋白質分解酵素)200ユニット(U)およびフレーバーザイム(ノボノルディスク・バイオインダストリー社製のコウジカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素)1500Uを加え混合物を調製した。攪拌下、50℃の条件でスピルリナに蛋白質分解酵素を6時間作用させ、スピルリナの水可溶性蛋白質を水中に抽出させた。その後、95℃、10分間の条件で加熱処理し蛋白質分解酵素を失活させた後、放置し室温に戻した。8,000g、10分間の条件で遠心分離を行い混合物中の不溶分を除去してスピルリナの水抽出液(1)を700ml得た。得られたスピルリナの水抽出液(1)を用いて、評価(味、臭い、飲食物中での沈殿物の有無)を以下の方法に従って行った。味および臭いの評価は、10人のパネラーにより行った。評価結果を第1表に示す。
【0025】
<味の評価>
スピルリナパウダーS 100gを900mlの水に懸濁させた懸濁液を標準品とした。標準品およびスピルリナの水抽出液(1)をそれぞれ5ml口に含んで味わい、以下の基準に従いスコアを求め、式(1)に従い強度として評価した。強度の値が小さいほどスピルリナ特有の風味が少ないことを示す。
スコア+3:スピルリナ特有の風味が標準品と同等。
スコア+2:スピルリナ特有の風味が弱い。
スコア+1:スピルリナ特有の風味がかなり弱い。
スコア0:スピルリナ特有の風味がない。
強度=(0×N+1×N+2×N+3×N)/N 式(1)
(N:パネラー数、N:0と判定した人数、N:1と判定した人数、N:2と判定した人数、N:3と判定した人数)
【0026】
<匂いの評価>
スピルリナパウダーS 100gを900mlの水に懸濁させた懸濁液を標準品とした。標準品およびスピルリナの水抽出液(1)をそれぞれ10mlポリエチレン袋に入れて口を封じ、10秒間振った後袋内の匂いを嗅ぎ、10人のパネラーにより以下の基準に従いスコアを求め、式(1)に従い強度として評価した。強度の値が小さいほどスピルリナ特有の匂いが少ないことを示す。
スコア+3:スピルリナ特有の匂いが標準品と同等。
スコア+2:スピルリナ特有の匂いが弱い。
スコア+1:スピルリナ特有の匂いがかなり弱い。
スコア0:スピルリナ特有の匂いがない。
【0027】
<食品中での沈殿物の評価>
リナグリーン21エキスK1(大日本インキ化学工業株式会社製の清涼飲料水、pH3.9)50mlにスピルリナの水抽出液(1)5mlを加え混合した後キャップをして40℃で30日間静置した。その後目視で清涼飲料水の状態を観察し、以下の基準に従って評価した。
○:クリアな液体であり、沈殿物も浮遊物も確認できない。
×:沈殿物または沈殿物が確認できる。
【0028】
実施例2
スピルリナパウダーS 100gを900mLの水に懸濁し懸濁液を調製した。この懸濁液を濃度1.0mol/lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpH5.0に調整した。この懸濁液にプロテアーゼM(天野製薬社製のコウジカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素)を30000U加え混合物を調製した。攪拌下、40℃の条件でスピルリナに蛋白質分解酵素を6時間作用させ、スピルリナの水可溶性蛋白質を水中に抽出させた。その後、95℃、10分間の条件で加熱処理し蛋白質分解酵素を失活させた後、放置し室温に戻した。8,000g、10分間の条件で遠心分離を行い混合液中の不溶物を除去してスピルリナの水抽出液(2)を700ml得た。実施例1と同様に評価を行い、その結果を第1表に示す。
【0029】
比較例1
スピルリナパウダーS 100gを900mLの水に懸濁し懸濁液を調製した。この懸濁液を濃度1.0mol/lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpH10に調整した。この懸濁液にプロテアーゼA(天野製薬社製のコウジカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素)100000Uを加え混合物を調製した。攪拌下、40℃の条件でスピルリナに蛋白質分解酵素を6時間作用させ、スピルリナの水可溶性蛋白質を水中に抽出させた。その後、95℃、10分間の条件で加熱処理し蛋白質分解酵素を失活させた後、放置し室温に戻した。8,000g、10分間の条件で遠心分離を行い混合液中の不溶物を除去して比較対照用スピルリナの水抽出液(1′)を700ml得た。実施例1と同様に評価を行い、その結果を第1表に示す。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 2004204034
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法により得られる藍藻類水抽出液は藍藻類特有の味と臭いが少なく、飲料等に好ましく添加することができる。また、この抽出液を食品に添加しても沈殿物や不溶物が析出しない。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract, which has little taste and smell peculiar to blue-green algae and does not precipitate or insoluble matter even when added to food.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Cyanobacteria such as spirulina are foods that are rich in nutrient components specific to green-yellow vegetables and specific nutrient components, and can easily ingest nutrient components that tend to be insufficient in a normal diet. Blue-green algae are, for example, in a powdery state by a production method comprising a step of harvesting, concentrating, washing, and drying if necessary, wet algal bodies industrially mass-produced and produced in an outdoor artificial culture pond. Supplied to the market. However, these powdery blue algae have low solubility in water and are difficult to use as raw materials for beverages and the like.
[0003]
Therefore, an attempt has been made to add a water extract obtained by extracting a nutrient-rich water-soluble protein from a cyanobacterium to a beverage or the like. (See, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0004]
However, the blue-green algae extract obtained by the method described in Patent Document 1 has the taste and smell of blue-green algae and has an uncomfortable feeling when added to food. In addition, since water-soluble proteins are extracted from cyanobacteria in a strongly alkaline state of pH 10 or more, nutrient components are impaired due to racemization of amino acids produced by enzymatic decomposition. Furthermore, the food to which the extract of cyanobacteria is added is usually an acidic food, and when this extract is added, there is a problem that water-soluble proteins in the extract are precipitated.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-52-61255 (page 2, table 1)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention relates to a method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract, which has little taste and odor peculiar to blue-green algae and does not precipitate or insoluble matter even when added to food.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found the following findings (a) to (c).
(A) By causing a protease to act on cyanobacteria under the condition of pH 3.0 to 9.0, water-solubilized proteins of cyanobacteria can be extracted without racemization.
(B) After the proteolytic enzyme is acted on, an insoluble substance is removed to obtain a water-soluble protein aqueous extraction solution.
(C) The extract has little taste and smell peculiar to cyanobacteria and can be preferably added to beverages and the like. Even when this extract is added to food, no precipitate or insoluble matter is precipitated.
The present invention has been made based on the above findings.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is to extract a water-soluble protein from cyanobacteria into water by allowing the protease to act on the cyanobacteria in the mixture of the cyanobacteria, the protease and the water under the condition of pH 3.0 to 9.0. It is intended to provide a method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract, which comprises removing insoluble components in the mixture after the reaction.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Cyanobacteria that can be used in the present invention include genus Spirulina, genus Aphanizomenon, genus Fisherella, genus Anabaena, genus Nostoc, genus Synechocys, Synechocstis ) Genus, Tripothrix genus, Aphanothe genus, Mastigoclaus genus, Pleurocapsa genus, etc., but spirulina is produced on an industrial scale and its safety has been confirmed. Those belonging to the genus are desirable.
[0010]
Spirulina (Spirulina) is a fine spiral algae of the blue-green algae Nostocaceae, Spirulina spp., For example, Spirulina platensis, Spirulina maxima, Spirulina geitleri, Spirulina Spirulina siamese, Spirulina major, Spirulina subsalsa, Spirulina princeps, Spirulina laxissima, Spirulina curta, Spirulina curta Spirulina spirulinoides) and the like. Among them, Spirulina platensis, Spirulina maxima, Spirulina gatorreli, and Spirulina cyamidase are preferable because they can be cultured artificially and are easily available. .
[0011]
Examples of the blue-green algae include raw blue-green algae, dried blue-green algae, components derived from the blue-green algae, and the like. Raw cyanobacteria are obtained, for example, by harvesting cyanobacteria cultured in water by centrifugation, filtration, or the like. Although raw cyanobacteria can be used as they are after being harvested from the culture pond, they are preferably washed with water or saline. Examples of the dried blue-green algae include those obtained by freeze-drying or spray-drying the raw blue-green algae obtained by the above method. Examples of cyanobacterial-derived components include those obtained by subjecting cyanobacteria to mechanical treatment such as ultrasonic irradiation and honogenizing, and those obtained by subjecting cyanobacteria to chemical treatment such as enzyme treatment. Can be
[0012]
The proteolytic enzyme used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins at pH 3.0 to 9.0, and may or may not be purified. Examples of the protease include proteases derived from the animal digestive system, such as pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase; proteases derived from Aspergillus, proteases derived from Bacillus, and proteases derived from Lactobacillus. And proteases derived from microorganisms such as proteases of the genus Phytophyte and proteases of the genus Mucor; and proteases derived from plants such as papain, bromelain and ficin. As the protease, a protease derived from a microorganism is preferred, and a protease derived from Aspergillus and a protease derived from Bacillus are more preferred. The protein hydrolases may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0013]
Next, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.
The mixture used in the present invention may be any mixture of cyanobacteria, protease, and water, and may contain components other than these. The mixture can be prepared, for example, by (1) adding powdery or liquid protease to an aqueous suspension of cyanobacteria; (2) adding water to dried cyanobacteria and powdery protease; 3) It can be prepared by a method such as adding a proteolytic enzyme to the dried cyanobacteria in such an amount that a mixed solution is obtained.
[0014]
The concentration of the cyanobacteria in the mixture is preferably a concentration at which the action of the protease is easy and the post-processing is easy, and the solid concentration of the cyanobacteria is preferably 1 to 30% by weight based on the weight of the mixture. 5-20% by weight is more preferred.
[0015]
The amount of the protease used is preferably 1 to 1000 units (U), more preferably 5 to 500 U, per 1 g of the solid content of cyanobacteria in the mixture. Here, one unit was measured by the method described on pages 146 to 147 of "Biochemical Experiment Method 31 Proteolytic Enzyme II, Tsuru Dainori, Masaru Funatsu, 1993", published by Gakkai Shuppan Center. Specifically, 1 U is prepared by using heat-denatured casein as a substrate, preparing 1 ml of a 1% by weight aqueous solution of a substrate to which proteolytic enzyme is added, and measuring the absorbance at 280 nm of the aqueous solution of the substrate. Is the amount of the enzyme that increases by 0.001.
[0016]
The pH of the prepared mixture is adjusted to 3.0 to 9.0. When the pH exceeds 9.0, not only the taste and smell of blue-green algae remain in the resulting water extract to deteriorate the flavor of the food, but also precipitates and suspended matters in foods in the acidic region such as soft drinks. Is not preferable because water-insoluble components tend to be generated. If the pH is less than 3.0, the active ingredient in the blue-green algae is undesirably damaged. The pH is more preferably from 4.0 to 8.0. To adjust the pH, a compound used in the production of ordinary foods, for example, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, or the like may be used.
[0017]
Next, a proteolytic enzyme is allowed to act on the cyanobacteria in the mixture after the pH adjustment, whereby water-soluble proteins of the cyanobacteria are extracted into the mixture. At the time of extraction, the mixture may be left standing or stirred, but is preferably stirred. The temperature at this time is preferably 30 to 75 ° C, more preferably 40 to 60 ° C, since the action efficiency of the protease is good.
[0018]
The time when the protease is allowed to act on the cyanobacteria in the mixture is preferably 1 to 18 hours, more preferably 2 to 6 hours.
[0019]
After the water-soluble protein is extracted into the mixture, a step of removing insolubles described below is performed, but before that, the protease may be deactivated if necessary. In order to inactivate, for example, it may be left still for 5 to 20 minutes in an environment of 70 to 95 ° C.
[0020]
After the water-soluble protein is extracted into the mixture, insolubles in the mixture are removed. The method for removing insoluble matter is not limited as long as it is a means capable of solid-liquid separation, and examples thereof include a filtration method using a filter medium such as filter paper and a filter cloth, a decantation method for collecting a supernatant, a filter press method, and a centrifugation method. Examples include a separation method. Among them, a method of collecting the supernatant such as a centrifugal separation method and a filter press method, which can be industrially processed in a large amount, is preferable, and a centrifugal separation method is particularly preferable.
[0021]
The centrifugation may be performed under any conditions that can remove insoluble components from the mixture, but the conditions are preferably gravitational acceleration of 1,000 to 30,000 G for 10 seconds to 2 hours, and gravitational acceleration of 3,000 to 15,000 G The conditions for 1 to 30 minutes are more preferable. Centrifuges include disludge-type centrifuges, alpha-type centrifuges, and sharpless-type centrifuges. Continuous centrifugation by combination is preferred.
[0022]
The cyanobacterial water extract obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used as it is for beverages, but may be purified by filtration with activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, or the like. If necessary, it may be further sterilized, dried and provided for food. It can also be powdered. Examples of the drying method include a freeze drying method and a spray drying method, and the spray drying method is preferable from the viewpoint of economy. When drying, it is also possible to add dextrin or the like to the cyanobacterial extract and dry it to adjust the powder properties.
[0023]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. In the examples, "parts" and "%" are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
[0024]
Example 1
A suspension was prepared by suspending 100 g of Spirulina powder S (spirulina platensis powder manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) in 900 mL of water. This suspension was adjusted to pH 8.0 using a 1.0 mol / l aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 200 units (U) of alcalase (protease derived from Bacillus genus manufactured by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry) and flavorzyme (protease derived from Aspergillus genus manufactured by Novo Nordisk Bioindustry) are added to this suspension. 1500 U was added to prepare a mixture. Spirulina was allowed to act on spirulina for 6 hours under stirring at 50 ° C. to extract water-soluble proteins of spirulina into water. Thereafter, the protease was heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes to inactivate the protease, and then left to return to room temperature. The mixture was centrifuged at 8,000 g for 10 minutes to remove insoluble components in the mixture, thereby obtaining 700 ml of an aqueous extract (1) of Spirulina. Using the obtained water extract of Spirulina (1), evaluation (taste, smell, presence or absence of precipitate in food and drink) was performed according to the following method. Evaluation of taste and smell was performed by 10 panelists. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
[0025]
<Evaluation of taste>
A standard product was prepared by suspending 100 g of Spirulina Powder S in 900 ml of water. 5 ml of each of the standard product and the aqueous extract of Spirulina (1) was tasted in the mouth, a score was obtained according to the following criteria, and the strength was evaluated according to the formula (1). The smaller the strength value, the less the flavor unique to spirulina.
Score +3: Spirulina-specific flavor is equivalent to the standard product.
Score +2: Spirulina-specific flavor is weak.
Score +1: Spirulina-specific flavor is rather weak.
Score 0: No flavor unique to Spirulina.
Intensity = (0 × N 0 + 1 × N 1 + 2 × N 2 + 3 × N 3 ) / N Formula (1)
(N: the number of panelists, the number of persons judged as N 0 : 0, the number of persons judged as N 1 : 1, the number of persons judged as N 2 : 2, the number of persons judged as N 3 : 3)
[0026]
<Evaluation of smell>
A standard product was prepared by suspending 100 g of Spirulina Powder S in 900 ml of water. The standard product and the aqueous extract of Spirulina (1) were each put in a 10 ml polyethylene bag, the mouth was sealed, and after shaking for 10 seconds, the smell in the bag was smelled, and a score was obtained by 10 panelists according to the following criteria, and the formula The strength was evaluated according to 1). The smaller the intensity value, the less the odor unique to spirulina.
Score +3: Spirulina peculiar odor is equivalent to the standard product.
Score + 2: Spirulina-specific odor is weak.
Score +1: Spirulina peculiar smell is quite weak.
Score 0: No odor unique to spirulina.
[0027]
<Evaluation of sediment in food>
5 ml of water extract of Spirulina (1) was added to 50 ml of Lina Green 21 Extract K1 (soft drink from Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, pH 3.9), mixed, capped, and allowed to stand at 40 ° C. for 30 days. did. Thereafter, the state of the soft drink was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
:: Clear liquid, no precipitate and no suspended matter can be confirmed.
×: A precipitate or a precipitate can be confirmed.
[0028]
Example 2
100 g of Spirulina Powder S was suspended in 900 mL of water to prepare a suspension. This suspension was adjusted to pH 5.0 using a 1.0 mol / l aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. To this suspension, 30,000 U of protease M (proteolytic enzyme derived from Aspergillus genus manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added to prepare a mixture. Spirulina was allowed to act on spirulina for 6 hours under stirring at 40 ° C. to extract water-soluble proteins of spirulina into water. Thereafter, the protease was heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes to inactivate the protease, and then left to return to room temperature. The mixture was centrifuged at 8,000 g for 10 minutes to remove insolubles in the mixture to obtain 700 ml of an aqueous extract (2) of Spirulina. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
Comparative Example 1
100 g of Spirulina Powder S was suspended in 900 mL of water to prepare a suspension. This suspension was adjusted to pH 10 using a 1.0 mol / l aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 100000 U of protease A (protease derived from Aspergillus genus manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added to this suspension to prepare a mixture. Spirulina was allowed to act on spirulina for 6 hours under stirring at 40 ° C. to extract water-soluble proteins of spirulina into water. Thereafter, the protease was heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes to inactivate the protease, and then left to return to room temperature. The mixture was centrifuged at 8,000 g for 10 minutes to remove insolubles in the mixture to obtain 700 ml of a water extract (1 ') of spirulina for comparison. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004204034
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The blue-green algae aqueous extract obtained by the production method of the present invention has little taste and smell peculiar to blue-green algae and can be preferably added to beverages and the like. Even when this extract is added to food, no precipitate or insoluble matter is precipitated.

Claims (6)

藍藻類、蛋白質分解酵素および水の混合物中の藍藻類に、pH3.0〜9.0の条件で蛋白質分解酵素を作用させることにより藍藻類から水可溶性蛋白質を水中に抽出させた後、混合物中の不溶分を除去することを特徴とする藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法。The water-soluble protein is extracted from the blue-green algae into water by allowing the blue-green algae in the mixture of the blue-green algae, the protease and the water to act on the blue-green algae under conditions of pH 3.0 to 9.0. A method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract, comprising removing an insoluble content of water. 前記藍藻類がスピルリナ属である請求項1記載の藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法。The method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract according to claim 1, wherein the blue-green algae is of the genus Spirulina. 前記混合物中の藍藻類の固形分濃度が5〜20重量%であり、かつ、前記蛋白質分解酵素を前記藍藻類の固形分1gに対して5〜500ユニット用いる請求項2記載の藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法。3. The blue-green algae aqueous extraction according to claim 2, wherein the solid content of the blue-green algae in the mixture is 5 to 20% by weight, and the protease is used in an amount of 5 to 500 units per gram of the solid content of the blue-green algae. Liquid production method. pH4.0〜8.0、温度40〜60の条件で前記混合物中の藍藻類に蛋白質分解酵素を作用させる請求項3記載の藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法。The method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract according to claim 3, wherein a protease is allowed to act on blue-green algae in the mixture under the conditions of pH 4.0 to 8.0 and temperature 40 to 60. 前記蛋白質分解酵素が微生物由来の蛋白質分解酵素である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法。The method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protease is a microorganism-derived protease. 前記微生物由来の蛋白質分解酵素がコウジカビ属由来の蛋白質分解酵素および/またはバチルス属由来の蛋白質分解酵素である請求項5記載の藍藻類水抽出液の製造方法。The method for producing a blue-green algae aqueous extract according to claim 5, wherein the microorganism-derived protease is a Aspergillus-derived protease and / or a Bacillus-derived protease.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100843745B1 (en) 2007-02-28 2008-07-04 동국대학교 산학협력단 Fermented spirulina extract and method for preparing the same
KR102101988B1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2020-05-12 주식회사 네이처코아젠팜스 A preparation method for for enzyme treated-spirulina hydrolysate with improved heat stability and increased phycocyanin
JPWO2022158504A1 (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-28

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100843745B1 (en) 2007-02-28 2008-07-04 동국대학교 산학협력단 Fermented spirulina extract and method for preparing the same
KR102101988B1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2020-05-12 주식회사 네이처코아젠팜스 A preparation method for for enzyme treated-spirulina hydrolysate with improved heat stability and increased phycocyanin
WO2021015600A1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-01-28 주식회사 네이처코아젠팜스 Preparation method for spirulina hydrolysates prepared using enzyme and having improved thermostability and increased phycocyanin content
JPWO2022158504A1 (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-28
WO2022158504A1 (en) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-28 Dic株式会社 Composition for suppressing deterioration of or enhancing memory learning function and/or cognitive function
JP7315115B2 (en) 2021-01-25 2023-07-26 Dic株式会社 Composition for improving/suppressing deterioration of memory learning function and/or cognitive function

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