JP2004183943A - Gas turbine combustor and gas turbine equipped with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas turbine combustor capable of reducing combustion vibration so as to consistently realize low NOx. <P>SOLUTION: The combustor 3 comprises a first box body 30 to form a first internal space 31 of a predetermined capacity which is disposed on the outer side of an object 20 such as an inner cylinder 6, a tail cylinder 7 and a bypass duct 11, and a first throat 32 of a predetermined length in which one end 32a is opened in a side wall 20a of the object 20 and the other end 32b is opened in the first internal space 31, and a first resistor 33 having a large number of through holes is fitted in one end 32a. Fluid particles which are vibratory elements of the combustion vibration produced in the combustion area are effectively captured by the first resistor 33, and vibrated in a vicinity of the first resistor 33 in resonance with air in the first internal space 31 connected by the first throat 32, and the amplitude thereof is damped. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a “combustor”) and a gas turbine including the same, and more particularly, to a gas that reduces combustion oscillation to realize low NOx (nitrogen oxide). The present invention relates to a turbine combustor and a gas turbine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a gas turbine has an air compressor (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “compressor”), a combustor, and a turbine as main components, and a combustor is provided between a compressor and a turbine directly connected to each other by a main shaft. Air, which is a working fluid, is sucked into the compressor by the rotation of the main shaft and compressed, and the compressed air is introduced into the combustor and burns with fuel, and the high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas is discharged to the turbine. Then, the main shaft is rotationally driven together with the turbine. Such a gas turbine is used as a driving source by connecting a generator or the like to a front end of a main shaft, and is used as a jet engine by arranging an exhaust port for injecting combustion gas in front of the turbine. You.
[0003]
By the way, in recent years, it has been strongly desired to reduce, in particular, NOx in exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine in response to an environmental problem which is one of the fundamentals of laws and regulations. Therefore, a combustor that actually produces NOx is required to have a technique for suppressing NOx production in particular. As a combustion method employed in the combustor to achieve this, the fuel and compressed air are mixed in advance and then burned. The premixed combustion method of making it prevail is the mainstream. In this premixed combustion system, since the fuel is dispersed in the compressed air in a uniform and lean state, it is possible to prevent a local rise in the combustion flame temperature, thereby increasing the NOx with the increase in the combustion flame temperature. Can be reduced.
[0004]
Here, a conventional general gas turbine to which a premixed combustion type combustor is applied will be described with reference to FIG. The gas turbine 1 mainly includes a compressor 2, a gas turbine combustor 3, and a turbine 4. The combustor 3 is attached to a vehicle compartment 5 having a cavity formed between the compressor 2 and the turbine 4, and has an inner cylinder 6 having a combustion area, and a transition piece 7 connected to a front end of the inner cylinder 6. An outer cylinder 8 arranged concentrically with the inner cylinder 6, a pilot nozzle 9 arranged from the rear end on the axis of the inner cylinder 6, and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the pilot nozzle 9. A plurality of main nozzles 10, a bypass duct 11 connected to the side wall of the transition piece 7 and opening to the vehicle compartment 5, a bypass valve 12 provided in the bypass duct 11, and a bypass for adjusting the degree of opening and closing of the bypass valve 12. The variable valve mechanism 13 is provided.
[0005]
Under such a configuration, the compressed air compressed by the compressor 2 flows into the vehicle interior 5 (open arrow in the figure), and the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 6 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 8 After passing through the tubular space formed by (1), it is inverted by almost 180 degrees (solid line arrow in the figure) and introduced into the inner cylinder 6 from the rear end side. Next, fuel is injected into a pilot burner (not shown) at the front end of the pilot nozzle 9 to perform diffusion combustion, and is mixed with fuel injected into a main burner (not shown) at the front end of each main nozzle 10 to perform premix combustion. And it becomes high temperature and high pressure combustion gas. The combustion gas is discharged from the front end through the transition piece 7 and drives the turbine 4. A part of the compressed air in the passenger compartment 5 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “bypass air”) is supplied from the bypass duct 11 into the transition piece 7, and this serves to adjust the concentration of the combustion gas. Fulfill.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-254634 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-174427 A
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned premixed combustion method is superior in reducing NOx at first glance, but has a problem that the combustion energy per unit space becomes excessively large and the combustion oscillation easily occurs because the flame is thin and burns in a narrow range in a short time. is there. This combustion vibration is generated by converting a part of the combustion energy into vibration energy. When the combustion vibration propagates as a pressure wave and resonates with an acoustic system including a casing such as a combustor and a gas turbine, significant vibration or vibration occurs. Not only does it cause noise, but it also induces pressure fluctuations and heat generation fluctuations in the combustor, making the combustion state unstable, and as a result, hindering NOx reduction.
[0008]
Conventionally, in order to deal with such a problem of combustion vibration, regular operating conditions have been set as needed while appropriately operating the gas turbine while operating the gas turbine in a normal state. Therefore, complicated adjustment work was indispensable.
[0009]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a gas turbine combustor and a gas turbine capable of reducing combustion vibration in order to stably realize low NOx. It is assumed that.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a gas turbine combustor according to the present invention is a gas turbine combustor comprising a cylinder having a combustion region therein, wherein the first interior space having a predetermined volume is provided outside the cylinder. A first throat having a predetermined length, one end of which opens into the combustion area or a downstream area thereof, and the other end of which opens into the first internal space. A first resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the one end of the first throat. Thus, the fluid particles, which are the vibration elements of the combustion vibration generated in the combustion region, are effectively captured by the first resistor, and resonate with the air in the first internal space connected by the first throat. As a result, it vibrates near the first resistor, and its amplitude is attenuated. Thus, combustion oscillation is reduced. The first throat is open at one end with an inner cylinder or a transition piece constituting a cylinder, or a bypass duct connected to a side wall of the cylinder.
[0011]
Here, in order to effectively reduce the combustion vibration, a first internal space having a certain size and a first throat having a certain length are required. Therefore, in consideration of the first box disposed to form the first internal space and the installation space of the first throat, the cylinder is open to the combustion area or the downstream area thereof in the cylindrical body, and A bypass duct for adjusting the concentration of combustion gas, which opens into a vehicle interior forming a periphery of the cylindrical body and supplies bypass air from the vehicle interior to the cylindrical body, is provided, and the first duct is provided in the bypass duct. Preferably, the one end of the throat is open.
[0012]
In particular, in order to cope with combustion oscillations in a low frequency range, it is necessary to reduce the cross-sectional area in the first throat. However, since the area where the first resistor is present becomes smaller, the ratio of the fluid particles that can be captured is reduced. And the degree of contribution to the reduction of combustion vibration becomes insufficient as a whole. Therefore, in order to sufficiently reduce the combustion vibration in the low frequency range as a whole, while reducing the cross-sectional area in the first throat and expanding the area where the first resistor exists, the first throat It is preferable that an opening area of the one end is larger than the other end. For example, as the first throat, a trumpet-shaped one in which the inner circumference gradually expands, or a stepped tubular one in which the inner circumference rapidly expands near the center is applied.
[0013]
Here, when the opening area at one end of the first throat is larger than the other end, that is, when the volume inside the first throat increases, the space between the first throat and the space inside the first throat separated by the first resistor is increased. There may be a case where no phase difference occurs between the respective pressure fluctuations in the space of the combustion region (or the downstream region), and in this case, the fluid particles do not oscillate near the first resistor. The combustion oscillation cannot be reduced sufficiently. Therefore, even in this case, since there is a phase difference between the respective pressure fluctuations in the first internal space and the space in the first throat, from the viewpoint of effectively oscillating the fluid particles by utilizing this. It is preferable that a resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the other end of the first throat.
[0014]
Similarly, from the viewpoint of effectively oscillating the fluid particles, the other end of the first throat may protrude into the first internal space, and a number of through holes may be formed in the protruding portion. .
[0015]
It is preferable that a plurality of the first boxes are arranged in parallel for the purpose of more sufficiently reducing the above-described combustion oscillation in the low frequency range as a whole.
[0016]
Furthermore, in order to cope with various combustion oscillations having different frequency ranges without any leakage, at least one of the opening area or the length of the other end side in the first throat or the volume in each of the first internal spaces. Preferably, one is different for each of the first boxes.
[0017]
Here, in the case of the combustion oscillation in the high frequency range, since the wavelength is short, a phase difference of the pressure variation occurs in the first internal space itself, and the phase is inserted into the other end of the first resistor or the first throat. The fluid particles do not vibrate sufficiently in the vicinity of the fitted resistor, and the combustion vibrations in the high frequency range cannot be reduced sufficiently in this state. Therefore, from the viewpoint of effectively vibrating the fluid particles in the first internal space in consideration of the response to combustion vibration in a high frequency range, at least one of the first internal spaces has a large number of through holes. Is preferably provided.
[0018]
Similarly, from the viewpoint of effectively oscillating the fluid particles in the first internal space, at least one of the first boxes may protrude into the first internal space, and A protruding plate that forms a continuous passage from the other end and has a large number of through holes may be provided.
[0019]
In order to efficiently reduce the combustion vibration, it is desirable to vibrate the fluid particles at many points. In order to achieve this, at least one fluid particle is connected to the outside of the first box body and each is provided with a predetermined A second box body forming a second internal space having a volume, and second throats of a predetermined length respectively opened to the first and second internal spaces adjacent to each other, In the throat, a second resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted at one end located on the first box side. This causes the fluid particles to resonate with the air in each of the second internal spaces connected by the second throats and vibrate near each of the second resistors, in addition to the vibration near the first resistors. And its amplitude is attenuated.
[0020]
Here, similarly to the above, it is preferable that the opening area of the one end of the second throat is larger than that of the other end in consideration of a sufficient response to combustion vibration in a low frequency range. A resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the other end of the second throat, or the other end of the second throat projects into the second internal space. A large number of through holes may be formed. In addition, it is preferable that a plurality of the second boxes are arranged in parallel, and in this case, the opening area or the length of each of the other ends of the second throat, or the volume of each of the second internal spaces. At least one of them may be different from each other for each of the second boxes.
[0021]
Here, similarly to the above, a resistor having a large number of through holes is provided in at least one of the second internal spaces in consideration of sufficient response to combustion vibration in a high frequency range. A protruding plate having at least one of the second box bodies and a plurality of through holes that protrude into the respective second internal spaces and form a continuous passage from the other end of the second throat. Is preferably provided.
[0022]
In order to achieve the above object, a gas turbine according to the present invention includes an air compressor, any one of the gas turbine combustors described above, and a turbine.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the concept of a combustor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts having the same names and the same functions as those in FIG. 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted. The same applies to the second to eighth embodiments described later.
[0024]
The combustor 3 of the present embodiment is applied to a gas turbine 1 as shown in FIG. 12, and a first box 30 is provided outside a side wall 20 a of a target body 20 as shown in FIG. 1. A first internal space 31 having a predetermined volume is formed by a cavity in the first box body 30. The first box 30 is connected to the side wall 20a via a tubular first throat 32 having a predetermined length. The first throat 32 has one end 32a extending from the side wall 20a to the target body 20. And the other end 32b is open to the first internal space 31.
[0025]
Further, a first resistor 33 having a large number of through holes is inserted into one end 32a of the first throat 32. The first resistor 33 is, for example, a punched metal, a sintered ceramic metal, or a sintered wire mesh. Note that the target body 20 here is a cylindrical body such as the inner cylinder 6 having a combustion region therein and the tail tube 7 in a downstream region thereof, or a bypass duct 11 connected to their side walls, and combustion vibration therein is generated. It can propagate.
[0026]
With such a configuration, with respect to the combustion vibration generated in the combustion region in the inner cylinder 6, the fluid particles, which are the vibration elements, propagate in the target body 20 and are effectively captured by the first resistor 33. Is done. Then, it resonates with the air in the first internal space 31 connected by the first throat 32 and vibrates near the first resistor 33. Due to this vibration, the amplitude of the fluid particles is attenuated, and the combustion vibration is reduced. As a result, stable NOx reduction is realized.
[0027]
In FIG. 1, one first throat 32 is provided for the first box 30. However, two or more first throats may be provided.
[0028]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the second embodiment is that the first embodiment takes into consideration combustion oscillation particularly in a low frequency range. This is because when the combustion oscillation is in the low frequency region, it is necessary to reduce the cross-sectional area in the first throat 32 in the first embodiment. However, in this case, the region where the first resistor 33 exists is inevitable. This is because the ratio of the fluid particles that can be captured is reduced due to the small size, and the contribution to the reduction of the combustion vibration becomes insufficient as a whole.
[0029]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a stepped tubular one whose inner periphery rapidly expands near the center from the other end 32b to one end 32a is applied as the first throat 32, and the opening area of one end 32a is used. Is wider than the other end 32b. The first resistor 33 is inserted into the one end 32a.
[0030]
In this manner, the area in which the first resistor 33 exists can be enlarged while reducing the cross-sectional area of the inside of the first throat 32, that is, the other end 32b. The trapping ratio is increased, and as a result, the contribution to the reduction of the combustion vibration is sufficient. Therefore, it becomes possible to sufficiently reduce the combustion vibration in the low frequency range as a whole.
[0031]
Note that the same effect can be obtained even if a trumpet-like one whose inner periphery gradually expands is applied as the first throat 32.
[0032]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the third embodiment is that consideration is given to the adverse effects that occur in the second embodiment. This is because, as in the second embodiment, when the opening area of one end 32a of the first throat 32 is larger than that of the other end 32b, that is, when the volume in the first throat 32 increases, the first resistor 33 becomes larger. There is a case where no phase difference occurs between the pressure fluctuations in the space in the first throat 32 and the space in the object 20 which are separated by “+” and “+” in the figure. This is because the fluid particles do not oscillate in the vicinity of the first resistor 33, which causes a problem that the combustion oscillation in the low frequency range cannot be sufficiently reduced.
[0033]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a resistor 34 having a large number of through holes is inserted into the other end 32b of the first throat 32. The resistor 34 is, for example, a punched metal, a ceramic sintered metal, or a sintered wire mesh, like the first resistor 33.
[0034]
By doing so, a phase difference occurs between the pressure fluctuations in the first internal space 31 and the space in the first throat 32 (“−” and “+” in the figure). Since the fluid particles vibrate effectively in the vicinity of the resistor 34 by utilizing, even if the vibration of the fluid particles in the vicinity of the first resistor 33 is insufficient, combustion vibration in a low frequency range can be sufficiently reduced.
[0035]
The same effect can be obtained regardless of the position of the resistor 34 on the other end 32b of the first throat 32 on the side of the other end 32b having a smaller cross-sectional area than the one end 32a.
[0036]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the fourth embodiment is that, similarly to the third embodiment, consideration is given to the adverse effects that occur in the second embodiment.
[0037]
That is, in the present embodiment, the other end 32b of the first throat 32 protrudes into the first internal space 31, and a large number of through holes 35 are formed in this protruding portion. In this case, the fluid particles effectively vibrate in each through hole 35 by the same operation as the resistor 34 in the third embodiment, and thus, similarly to the third embodiment, the combustion vibration in the low frequency range can be sufficiently reduced. Can be reduced.
[0038]
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the fifth embodiment is that the combustion vibration in the low frequency range is reduced as a whole more sufficiently, and the first box 30 and the like which are the main components of the first to fourth embodiments are provided. Are arranged side by side.
[0039]
As a result, the region in which the first resistor 33 is present can be enlarged as a whole, so that the trapping ratio of the fluid particles in the low-frequency region increases, and the combustion oscillation in the low-frequency region can be more sufficiently reduced as a whole. It can be reduced.
[0040]
Here, in FIG. 5, a plurality of first box bodies 30 and the like (see FIG. 4) of the fourth embodiment are arranged in parallel, but the opening area or the length of the first throat 32 on the other end 32 b side. Alternatively, at least one of the volumes in the first internal spaces 31 formed by the first boxes 30 is different from each other. Accordingly, the vibration characteristics corresponding to each of the first boxes 30 and the like are different, so that it is possible to cope with various combustion vibrations having different frequency ranges without leakage.
[0041]
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the sixth embodiment is that the fifth embodiment further considers combustion oscillation in a high frequency range. This is because, in the case of combustion oscillation in a high frequency range, since the wavelength is short, a phase difference of pressure fluctuation occurs in the first internal space 31 itself, and fluid particles are generated near the first resistor 33 or the resistor 34. This is because vibration does not sufficiently occur, and if it is left as it is, combustion vibration in a high frequency range cannot be sufficiently reduced.
[0042]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a resistor 36 having a large number of through holes is disposed in at least one of the first internal spaces 31. The resistor 36 is, for example, a punching metal, a ceramic sintered metal, or a sintered wire net, similarly to the first resistor 33 and the resistor 34.
[0043]
With this configuration, the fluid particles vibrate near the resistor 36 due to the phase difference of the pressure fluctuation generated in the first internal space 31 itself, so that the combustion vibration in the high frequency range can be reduced.
[0044]
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the seventh embodiment is that, similar to the sixth embodiment, consideration is given to combustion oscillation in a high frequency range in the fifth embodiment.
[0045]
That is, in the present embodiment, at least one of the first boxes 30 has a large number of through holes that protrude into the first internal spaces 31 to form a continuous passage from the other end 32b of the first throat 32. A protruding plate 37 having a hole is provided. With this configuration, the fluid particles effectively vibrate in the respective through holes of the protruding plate 37 by the same operation as the resistor 36 in the sixth embodiment. Therefore, as in the sixth embodiment, the combustion vibration in the high frequency range is performed. Can be sufficiently reduced.
[0046]
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the eighth embodiment resides in that combustion vibration is efficiently reduced, and it is as if a plurality of first boxes 30 and the like, which are main components of the first to seventh embodiments, are provided. It is a mode.
[0047]
That is, in the present embodiment, a similar second box body 40 is continuously provided outside the first box body 30, and a predetermined volume of the second box body 40 is formed by the cavity in the second box body 40. An internal space 41 is formed. The second box 40 is connected to the first box 30 via a tubular second throat 42 having a predetermined length like the first throat 32. 42 has one end 42a located on the first box 30 side opened in the first internal space 31 and the other end 42b located on the second box 40 side opened in the second internal space 41. ing.
[0048]
Further, a second resistor 43 having a large number of through holes is inserted into one end 42a of the second throat 42. The second resistor 43 is, for example, a punched metal, a ceramic sintered metal, or a sintered metal mesh, like the first resistor 33.
[0049]
As a result, the fluid particles resonate with the air in each second internal space 41 connected by each second throat 42 in addition to the vibration near the first resistor 33, and each second resistance 33 It vibrates near the body 43 and its amplitude is attenuated. Therefore, it is possible to vibrate the fluid particles at many places, and it is possible to efficiently reduce the combustion vibration.
[0050]
In FIG. 8, one second box 40 is connected to each first box 30. However, two or more second boxes 40 may be connected. In that case, it is sufficient to connect the adjacent second boxes 40 with the second throats 42, respectively.
[0051]
Further, similarly to the gist of the second to fifth embodiments, the following modifications can be made in consideration of more sufficient correspondence to combustion vibration in a low frequency range. According to the first throat 32 in the second embodiment, the opening area of one end 42a of the second throat 42 is wider than the other end 42b. In accordance with the resistor 34 of the first throat 32 in the third embodiment, a resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted on the other end 42b side of the second throat 42. According to the first throat 32 in the fourth embodiment, the other end 42b of the second throat 42 projects into the second internal space 41, and a number of through holes are formed in this projection. According to the first box 30 and the like in the fifth embodiment, a plurality of second boxes 40 and the like are arranged in parallel, and the opening area or length on the other end 42b side of the second throat 42 or each At least one of the volumes in the second internal space 41 is different for each second box 40.
[0052]
Further, similarly to the gist of the sixth and seventh embodiments, the following modifications can be made in consideration of more sufficient response to combustion vibration in a high frequency range. According to the resistor 36 in the sixth embodiment, a resistor having a large number of through holes is provided in at least one of the second internal spaces 41. According to the protruding plate 37 in the seventh embodiment, at least one of the second boxes 40 protrudes into the second internal spaces 41 to form a continuous passage from the other end 42b of the second throat 42. A projecting plate having a large number of through holes is provided.
[0053]
As described above, the basic concept of the present invention has been described based on the first to eighth embodiments. An example of a gas turbine to which the present invention is specifically applied will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a gas turbine to which the combustor of the present invention is specifically applied, and FIG. 10 is a transverse sectional view corresponding to an AA section in FIG. FIG. 11 shows another example of the gas turbine to which the combustor of the present invention is specifically applied, and is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the AA cross section in FIG. In the drawings, parts having the same names and the same functions as those in FIGS. 1 to 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
[0054]
As shown in FIG. 9, a first box 30 having a fan shape in a side view is arranged along the outside of the elbow portion of the bypass duct 11. As shown in FIG. 10, the first box body 30 has an arc section 30a and a bent section 30b extending from both ends to the side wall 11a of the bypass duct 11, and the arc section 30a and the bent section 30b are formed. And the side wall 11a form a first internal space 31.
[0055]
In the first internal space 31, three first throats 32 projecting from the side wall 11a are arranged at equal angular intervals. Each one end 32a of these first throats 32 opens from the side wall 11a into the bypass duct 11, while each other end 32b opens into the first internal space 31. Further, a first resistor 33 having a large number of through holes is inserted into one end 32a of each first throat 32.
[0056]
That is, the configuration shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 employs the bypass duct 11 as the target body 20 and conforms to the above-described first embodiment. In addition, the configuration shown in FIG. 11 employs the bypass duct 11 as the target body 20 and conforms to the above-described fifth embodiment.
[0057]
Here, the reason why the bypass duct 11 is adopted as the target body 20 is that the first internal space 31 has a certain size and the first throat 32 has a certain length in order to effectively reduce combustion vibration. The reason is that the vicinity of the bypass duct 11, which has a relatively large space, is preferable. Thus, the first box 30 and the first throat 32 provided to form the first internal space 31 can be easily installed, and are required for effective reduction of combustion vibration. There is an advantage that the first internal space 31 having a certain size and the first throat 32 having a certain length can be sufficiently secured.
[0058]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and an example in which they are specifically applied, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the cross-sectional shapes of the first throat 32 and the second throat 42 may be not only circular but also polygonal.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the gas turbine combustor of the present invention, in a gas turbine combustor including a cylinder having a combustion region therein, the first internal space having a predetermined volume and disposed outside the cylinder. A first throat having a predetermined length, one end of which opens into the combustion area or a downstream area thereof, and the other end of which opens into the first internal space. Since the first resistor having a large number of through holes at the one end of the first throat is inserted, the fluid particles which are the vibration elements of the combustion vibration generated in the combustion area are effective for the first resistor. And resonates with air in the first internal space connected by the first throat, vibrates near the first resistor, and its amplitude is attenuated. Thus, combustion oscillation can be reduced, and stable NOx reduction can be realized.
[0060]
Here, the combustion gas concentration adjustment opening to the combustion area or the downstream area thereof in the cylinder and opening to the vehicle interior forming the periphery of the cylinder to supply bypass air from the vehicle interior to the cylinder. And a first box disposed to form a first internal space when the one end of the first throat is open in the bypass duct. , The first throat, and a first internal space having a certain size required for effective reduction of combustion vibration and a first throat having a certain length. We can secure enough.
[0061]
In particular, when the opening area of the one end in the first throat is wider than the other end, the area where the first resistor is present can be enlarged while reducing the cross-sectional area in the first throat. Therefore, the trapping ratio of the fluid particles in the low frequency range increases, and as a result, the degree of contribution to the reduction of combustion vibration becomes sufficient. Therefore, it becomes possible to sufficiently reduce the combustion vibration in the low frequency range as a whole.
[0062]
Here, if a resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the other end of the first throat, the fluid particles vibrate near the resistor, so that the fluid near the first resistor may be vibrated. Even if the vibration of the fluid particles is insufficient, the combustion vibration in the low frequency range can be sufficiently reduced.
[0063]
Further, the other end of the first throat protrudes into the first internal space, and even if a large number of through holes are formed in this protruding portion, the fluid particles vibrate in these through holes. Similarly to the above, the combustion vibration in the low frequency range can be sufficiently reduced.
[0064]
Further, when a plurality of the first boxes are arranged in parallel, combustion vibration in a low frequency range can be reduced more sufficiently as a whole.
[0065]
Furthermore, when at least one of the opening area or length of the other end side in the first throat or the volume in each of the first internal spaces is different from each other for each of the first boxes, frequency It becomes possible to cope with various combustion vibrations in different regions without leakage.
[0066]
Here, if a resistor having a large number of through-holes is provided in at least one of the first internal spaces, the first internal space itself may be used in the case of combustion oscillation in a high frequency range with a short wavelength. Since the fluid particles vibrate in the vicinity of the resistor, that is, in the first internal space due to the phase difference of the pressure fluctuation generated in the above, the combustion vibration in the high frequency range can be sufficiently reduced.
[0067]
A projecting plate having a large number of through-holes, wherein at least one of the first boxes has a continuous passage from the other end of the first throat, the projecting plate projecting into each of the first internal spaces. Is provided, the fluid particles vibrate in these through holes, so that the combustion vibration in the high frequency range can be sufficiently reduced as described above.
[0068]
In addition, at least one second box body is provided continuously outside the first box body to form a second internal space having a predetermined volume, and the first and second internal spaces adjacent to each other. Second throats each having a predetermined length, each of which is open to the second box. A second resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted at one end of each of the second throats located on the side of the first box body. In addition to the vibration near the first resistor, the fluid particles resonate with the air in the respective second internal spaces connected by the respective second throats, so that the fluid particles near the respective second resistors. Vibrates and its amplitude is attenuated. Therefore, the fluid particles can be vibrated in many places, and the combustion vibration can be reduced efficiently.
[0069]
Here, the opening area of the one end of the second throat is wider than the other end, and at this time, a resistor having a large number of through holes at the other end side of the second throat is fitted. If the other end of the second throat protrudes into the second internal space and a large number of through holes are formed in the protruding portion, the second box At this time, at least one of the opening area or the length of the other end side of the second throat, or the volume in each of the second internal spaces, is provided for each of the second boxes. In the same manner as described above, it becomes possible to sufficiently cope with combustion vibration in a low frequency range.
[0070]
Here, a resistor having a large number of through holes is disposed in at least one of the second internal spaces, or the second internal space is provided in at least one of the second boxes. As described above, if a projecting plate having a large number of through holes is formed by projecting into the space and forming a continuous passage from the other end of the second throat, Sufficient response is possible.
[0071]
Further, since the gas turbine according to the present invention includes the air compressor, any one of the gas turbine combustors described above, and the turbine, the gas turbine combustor reduces combustion vibrations and achieves stable low NOx. Therefore, reduction of NOx in exhaust gas can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the concept of a combustor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the concept of a combustor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the concept of a combustor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view illustrating the concept of a combustor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the concept of a combustor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating the concept of a combustor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the concept of a combustor according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating the concept of a combustor according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a main part showing an example of a gas turbine to which the combustor of the present invention is specifically applied.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the AA cross section in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the AA cross section in FIG. 9 showing another example of the gas turbine to which the combustor of the present invention is specifically applied.
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part near a combustor in a general gas turbine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Gas turbine
2 Compressor
3 Gas turbine combustor
4 Turbine
5 cabin
6 inner cylinder
7 tail pipe
8 outer cylinder
9 Pilot nozzle
10 Main nozzle
11 Bypass duct
12 Bypass valve
13 Variable bypass valve mechanism
20 Object (inner cylinder 6, tail cylinder 7, or bypass duct 11)
20a Side wall of object
30 First box
31 1st internal space
32 First Throat
32a One end of the first throat
32b the other end of the first throat
33 1st resistor
34 Resistor
35 Through hole
36 resistor
37 Projection plate
40 Second box
41 Second internal space
42 Second Throat
42a One end of the second throat
42b the other end of the second throat
43 Second resistor

Claims (18)

In a gas turbine combustor consisting of a cylinder having a combustion area inside,
A first box body disposed outside the cylindrical body to form a first internal space having a predetermined volume, one end of which is open to the combustion area or a downstream area thereof, and the other end of which is the first internal space; A first throat having a predetermined length that opens into a space, wherein a first resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the one end of the first throat. Combustor. A bypass for the combustion gas concentration adjustment that opens into the combustion area or a downstream area thereof in the cylinder and opens into a vehicle interior forming the periphery of the cylinder and supplies bypass air from the vehicle interior into the cylinder. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, wherein a duct is provided, and the one end of the first throat is open in the bypass duct. 3. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, wherein an opening area of the one end of the first throat is wider than the other end. 4. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 3, wherein a resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the other end of the first throat. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 3, wherein the other end of the first throat projects into the first internal space, and a number of through holes are formed in the projection. The gas turbine combustor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of the first boxes are arranged in parallel. At least one of the opening area or length of each of the other ends of the first throat or the volume of each of the first internal spaces is different from each other for each of the first boxes. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 6. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 6, wherein a resistor having a large number of through holes is provided in at least one of the first internal spaces. At least one of the first boxes is provided with a projecting plate having a large number of through-holes projecting into the first internal spaces to form a continuous passage from the other end of the first throat. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 6, wherein the gas turbine combustor is provided. A second box body which is provided at least one outside the first box body and forms a second internal space of a predetermined volume, and a first box and a second internal space adjacent to each other, respectively. A second throat having a predetermined length to be opened, and a second resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into one end of each of the second throats located on the side of the first box body. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, wherein: The gas turbine combustor according to claim 10, wherein an opening area of the one end of the second throat is wider than an end of the second throat. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 11, wherein a resistor having a large number of through holes is inserted into the other end of the second throat. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 11, wherein the other end of the second throat protrudes into the second internal space, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the protruding portion. The gas turbine combustor according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein a plurality of the second boxes are arranged in parallel. At least one of the opening area or length of the other end of the second throat or the volume of each of the second internal spaces is different from each other for each of the second boxes. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 14. 16. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 14, wherein a resistor having a large number of through holes is provided in at least one of the second internal spaces. At least one of the second boxes is provided with a protruding plate having a large number of through holes that protrudes into the second internal spaces to form a continuous passage from the other end of the second throat. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 14, wherein the gas turbine combustor is provided. A gas turbine comprising an air compressor, the gas turbine combustor according to any one of claims 1 to 17, and a turbine.

Images