JP2004174536A - Hot-extrusion manufacturing method for metallic tube - Google Patents
Hot-extrusion manufacturing method for metallic tube Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004174536A JP2004174536A JP2002342112A JP2002342112A JP2004174536A JP 2004174536 A JP2004174536 A JP 2004174536A JP 2002342112 A JP2002342112 A JP 2002342112A JP 2002342112 A JP2002342112 A JP 2002342112A JP 2004174536 A JP2004174536 A JP 2004174536A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属管、特にフェライト系ステンレス鋼管や二相ステンレス鋼管を押出すのに適用して好適な金属管の熱間押出し製管方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図1は、金属管の熱間押出し製管方法を説明するための断面図で、押出しは次のようにして行われる。
【0003】
コンテナ6の一方端には、ダイホルダ4とダイバッカー5を介してダイス2が着脱自在に装着されている。コンテナ6の内部には、中心部に貫通孔が穿たれ、所定の温度に加熱後、その内外周面にガラス粉末からなる潤滑剤(それぞれ、内面潤滑剤、外面潤滑剤という)が塗布されたビレット8が挿入されている。
【0004】
ビレット8の貫通孔には、マンドレル3が挿入されるとともに、その後端面にはダミーブロック7が配置されている。ビレット8の押出し先端面と対向するダイス2の面には、内径がダイス2の内径よりも若干小さく、外径がコンテナ6の内径よりも若干小さい正面潤滑剤としてのガラスディスク1が装着されている。
【0005】
上記のガラスディスク1は、通常、ガラス粉末またはガラス粉末とガラス繊維の混合物を水ガラスや有機樹脂などからなるバインダーを用いて環状体に成形して固化させたものである。
【0006】
上記のような構成において、図示を省略したステムを作動させてダミーブロック7を白抜き矢印方向に押圧すると、ビレット8がアップセットされた後、ダイス2とマンドレル3とで形成される環状空隙から押し出されて金属管が製造される。
【0007】
このとき、正面潤滑剤としてのガラスディスク1はビレット8の熱により少しずつ軟化、溶融して、ビレット8の外周面に塗布された外面潤滑剤のガラス粉末とともにダイス2とビレット8間の潤滑剤として作用する。また、ビレット8の内周面に塗布された内面潤滑剤のガラス粉末は、マンドレル3とビレット8間の潤滑剤として作用する。
【0008】
しかし、フェライト系ステンレス鋼や二相ステンレス鋼からなるビレット8を上記のようにして押出すと、これらの鋼が塑性変形の異方性が大きい金属であるために、縦じわと称される外面疵が発生する。
【0009】
縦じわは、深いものでは1.0 mmもあり、外見上や用途上問題があるので、外面研磨や外面切削を行って除去される。しかし、除去には費用がかかり、材料歩留も低下するため、コスト上昇の要因の一つとなっている。
【0010】
縦じわは、本出願人が先に出願した特開平6−170437号公報に示される正面潤滑剤を用いた場合、その発生が特に問題にならない程度にまで抑制されることもある。しかし、その際には、縦じわ以外に、管軸方向に一直線に延びた外面すじ*3と称される外面欠陥が発生し、この外面すじの除去が必要なために縦じわの抑制効果が相殺されてしまうという問題があった。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記の実状に鑑みてなされたもので、深い縦じわと外面すじの両方の外面欠陥が発生をするの防ぐことが可能で、その除去費用の低減と材料歩留の向上が図り得てコスト上昇を抑制することができる金属管の熱間押出し製管方法を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の要旨は、下記(1)および(2)の金属管の熱間押出し製管方法にある。
【0013】
(1)押出し温度域における粘度が103 ポアズ以上の高粘度ガラスからなる正面潤滑剤と、10ポアズ以下の低粘度ガラスからなる外面潤滑剤とを用いる金属管の熱間押出し製管方法。
【0014】
(2)押出速度を150mm/秒以下とする上記(1)の金属管の熱間押出し製管方法。
【0015】
本発明者は、上記の課題を達成するために、種々実験を行い、次のことを知見し、上記の本発明を完成させた。
【0016】
(a) 縦じわは、ガラスディスクと接触したビレットの端面に凹凸が生じた場合に発生し、その深さは凹凸の深さに比例して深くなる。
【0017】
(b) ビレットの端面に生じる凹凸の深さは、ガラスディスクの粘度に反比例して浅くなり、特に押出し温度域における粘度が103 ポアズ以上のガラスディスクを使用すると、深い縦じわは発生しなくなる。
【0018】
(c) しかし、押出し温度域における粘度が103 ポアズ以上の高粘度のガラスディスクを用いると、ビレットの先端面とガラスディスクの表層との摩擦係数が上昇し、ビレットとガラスディスクとの接触開始部でのメタルの流動が不均一となって外面すじが発生するようになる。
【0019】
(d) 外面すじは、押出し温度域における粘度が10ポアズ以下の外面潤滑剤を用いると、その発生が抑制され、押出速度を150mm/秒以下にするとより一層抑制される。
【0020】
本発明方法は、フェライト系ステンレス鋼や二相ステンレス鋼に限らず、NiやCuをベースとする金属の製管にも好適である。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の熱間押出し製管方法に用いる正面潤滑剤としてのガラスディスクは、押出し温度域における粘度が103 ポアズ以上であるので、所定の押出し温度に加熱されたビレットが接触しても容易には軟化、溶融せず、溶融深さが浅いため、押出し先端側のビレットの端面には深さが浅い凹凸しか形成されない。その結果、押出し管の外面には深い縦じわは生じない。
【0022】
また、外面潤滑剤は、押出し温度域における粘度が10ポアズ以下であるので、容易に軟化、溶融し、ビレットとガラスディスクとの接触開始部分に十分な量の潤滑剤が円滑に流入するため、この部分の摩擦係数が低下する。その結果、ビレットとガラスディスクとの接触開始部でのメタルの流動が均一となり、外面すじが発生しにくくなる。
【0023】
正面潤滑剤の粘度は、103 ポアズ以上であればよく、その上限は特に規定しない。しかし、あまり高すぎると、潤滑不良を起こし、ダイス寿命を低下させる。このため、上限は106 ポアズ程度とするのがよい。
【0024】
また、外面潤滑剤の粘度も10ポアズ以下であればよく、その下限は規定しないが、あまり低すぎると塗布後に下部に滴り落ちやることとなる。このため、下限は100.3 ポアズ程度とするのがよい。
【0025】
熱間押出し温度域における粘度がそれぞれ103 ポアズ以上および10ポアズ以下の正面潤滑剤および外面潤滑剤のガラス組成は、いずれも特に制限しないが、一般に、SiO2やAl2O3、さらにはCaOおよびMgOを多く含むガラスは粘度が高く、Na2OやK2O、さらにはB2O3を多く含むガラスは粘度が低い。従って、これらの成分の配合量を調整することにより、所定の粘度とすることは容易である。
【0026】
フェライト系ステンレス鋼や二相ステンレス鋼の熱間押出し温度は、通常、1020℃前後であるが、1020℃における粘度が103 ポアズ以上のガラスとしては、C−5H、NWHおよびZ、10ポアズ以下のガラスとしてはC−760やC−700P(いずれも商品名で、千代田化学(株)の製品)を例示することができる。
【0027】
上記ビレットとガラスディスクとの接触開始部分に流入する外面潤滑剤の量は、押出速度を遅く、特に150mm/秒以下にすると顕著に増加し、外面すじがより一層発生しにくくなる。このため、押出速度は150mm/秒以下とするのが望ましい。しかし、あまり遅くすると熱伝導により工具(ダイスやマンドレルなど)の温度が上昇し、工具の摩耗や変形が著しくなるだけでなく、生産性が低下するので、その下限は70mm/秒程度とするのがよい。なお、押出速度とは、ステムを前進させるラム速度のことである。
【0028】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。
【0029】
【実施例】
表1に示す5種類で、平均粒径がいずれも150μmのガラス粉末を準備した。準備したガラス粉末は、一部を外面潤滑剤用にする一方、残りのガラス粉末を図2に示す形状寸法のガラスディスク(正面潤滑剤)に成形した。その際、バインダーには、いずれのガラスディスクも、水ガラス(キミダ化学(株)社製の商品名「ケイ酸ソーダ3号」)を用いた。
上記の外面潤滑剤とガラスディスク(正面潤滑剤)とを表2に示すように組み合わせ、フェライト系ステンレス鋼(JIS SUS444相当鋼)からなる外径176 mm、内径38mm、長さ603 mmのビレットを、押出温度1020℃で、外径47.5mm、内径35mm、長さ16,452mmの鋼管に押出した。その際、ビレットの外面には、0.75mg/cm2の外面潤滑剤を塗布した。また、押出速度を120mm/秒、150mm/秒および180mm/秒の3通りに変化させた。
【0030】
得られた鋼管について、表面のガラスを弗硫酸と弗硝酸とによる酸洗法で除去した後、縦じわの最大深さ、外面すじの発生率(%)および最大深さを調べ、その結果を表2に併記した。なお、外面すじの発生率は下記の(1) 式により定義される値である。
【0031】
発生率(%)=(外面すじ発生本数/押出し本数)×100 ・・・・・・・(1)
【0032】
【表1】
【0033】
【表2】
【0034】
表2からわかるように、本発明で規定する条件で押出した試番10〜12および16〜18の鋼管は、縦じわの最大深さが0.2 mm以下と浅い。また、外面すじの発生率も5%以下と少なく、その最大深さも0.5 mm以下と浅い。特に、押出速度が150mm/秒以下のものは、外面すじが発生していなかった。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、深い縦じわが発生しないだけでなく、外面すじの発生も抑制される。その結果、これらの外面欠陥の除去費用の低減が図れ、材料歩留も向上するので、製品の製造コストが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】熱間押出し製管方法を説明するための断面図である。
【図2】実施例で用いたガラスディスク(正面潤滑剤)の形状、寸法を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:ガラスディスク(正面潤滑剤)、
2:ダイス、
3:マンドレル、
4:ダイホルダ、
5:ダイバッカー、
6:コンテナ、
7:ダミーブロック、
8:ビレット。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for hot extrusion of a metal tube, which is suitable for extruding a metal tube, particularly a ferritic stainless steel tube or a duplex stainless steel tube.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a method for hot extrusion of a metal tube. The extrusion is performed as follows.
[0003]
The die 2 is detachably attached to one end of the container 6 via a die holder 4 and a die backer 5. Inside the container 6, a through hole was formed at the center, and after heating to a predetermined temperature, a lubricant made of glass powder (referred to as an inner lubricant and an outer lubricant, respectively) was applied to the inner and outer peripheral surfaces. Billet 8 is inserted.
[0004]
The mandrel 3 is inserted into the through hole of the billet 8, and a dummy block 7 is disposed on the rear end face. A glass disk 1 as a front lubricant having an inner diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the
[0005]
The above-mentioned glass disk 1 is generally formed by molding glass powder or a mixture of glass powder and glass fiber into an annular body using a binder made of water glass, an organic resin, or the like, and solidifying it.
[0006]
In the above-described configuration, when the dummy block 7 is pressed in the direction indicated by a white arrow by operating a stem (not shown), the billet 8 is set up, and then the billet 8 is removed from the annular space formed by the
[0007]
At this time, the glass disk 1 as the front lubricant softens and melts little by little by the heat of the billet 8 and the lubricant between the
[0008]
However, when the billet 8 made of a ferritic stainless steel or a duplex stainless steel is extruded as described above, these steels are metals having large anisotropy of plastic deformation, and are called vertical wrinkles. Outer surface flaws occur.
[0009]
The vertical wrinkles are as deep as 1.0 mm and have a problem in appearance and application. Therefore, they are removed by polishing or cutting the outer surface. However, the removal is costly and the material yield is reduced, which is one of the causes of the cost increase.
[0010]
Vertical wrinkles may be suppressed to such an extent that there is no particular problem when using the front lubricant disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-170437 filed earlier by the present applicant. However, in this case, in addition to the vertical wrinkles, an external defect called an external streak * 3 extending in a straight line in the pipe axis direction occurs, and it is necessary to remove the external streaks. There was a problem that the effects were offset.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of external defects, both deep vertical wrinkles and external streaks, thereby reducing the removal cost and reducing the material yield. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for hot extrusion of a metal tube, which can be improved and can suppress an increase in cost.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention resides in the following (1) and (2) a method for hot extrusion of a metal tube.
[0013]
(1) and the front lubricant viscosity of 10 3 poise or more high viscosity glass at the extrusion temperature range, hot extrusion pipe making method of a metal tube using the outer surface lubricant consisting of 10 poise or lower viscosity glass.
[0014]
(2) The method for hot extrusion of a metal tube according to the above (1), wherein the extrusion speed is 150 mm / sec or less.
[0015]
The present inventor conducted various experiments in order to achieve the above object, and found the following, and completed the present invention.
[0016]
(A) Vertical wrinkles occur when irregularities occur on the end face of the billet in contact with the glass disk, and the depth increases in proportion to the irregularities.
[0017]
(B) the depth of the unevenness caused on the end face of the billet is made shallower in inverse proportion to the viscosity of the glass disc, especially the viscosity at the extrusion temperature range using a glass disk above 10 3 poise, deep striations generates Disappears.
[0018]
(C) However, when a high-viscosity glass disk having a viscosity in the extrusion temperature range of 10 3 poise or more is used, the coefficient of friction between the billet tip surface and the surface layer of the glass disk increases, and contact between the billet and the glass disk starts. The flow of the metal in the portion becomes uneven, so that an external streak occurs.
[0019]
(D) The use of an external lubricant having a viscosity in the extrusion temperature range of 10 poise or less suppresses the occurrence of external streaks, and further suppresses the external streak at an extrusion speed of 150 mm / sec or less.
[0020]
The method of the present invention is suitable not only for ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel but also for metal pipes based on Ni or Cu.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Glass disk as a front lubricant for use in hot extrusion pipe making method of the present invention, the viscosity at the extrusion temperature range is 10 3 poise or more, easily be in contact with the billet heated to a predetermined extrusion temperature Does not soften and melt, and has a shallow melting depth, so that only the unevenness having a small depth is formed on the end face of the billet at the tip end of the extrusion. As a result, no deep vertical wrinkles occur on the outer surface of the extruded tube.
[0022]
In addition, since the external lubricant has a viscosity of 10 poise or less in the extrusion temperature range, it easily softens and melts, and a sufficient amount of the lubricant smoothly flows into the contact start portion between the billet and the glass disk, The coefficient of friction in this part decreases. As a result, the flow of the metal at the contact start portion between the billet and the glass disk becomes uniform, and external streaks hardly occur.
[0023]
The viscosity of the front lubricant may be any 10 3 poises or more, its upper limit is not particularly defined. However, if it is too high, poor lubrication occurs and the die life is shortened. Therefore, the upper limit is preferably set to about 10 6 poise.
[0024]
Also, the viscosity of the outer surface lubricant may be 10 poise or less, and the lower limit is not specified, but if it is too low, it will drip to the lower part after application. Therefore, the lower limit is preferably set to about 10 0.3 poise.
[0025]
Although the glass compositions of the front lubricant and the outer lubricant having a viscosity in the hot extrusion temperature range of 10 3 poise or more and 10 poise or less are not particularly limited, they are generally SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and
[0026]
The hot extrusion temperature of ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel is usually around 1020 ° C, but as a glass having a viscosity of 10 3 poise or more at 1020 ° C, C-5H, NWH and Z, and 10 poises or less Examples of the glass include C-760 and C-700P (both are trade names and products of Chiyoda Chemical Co., Ltd.).
[0027]
The amount of the external lubricant flowing into the contact start portion between the billet and the glass disk increases remarkably when the extrusion speed is slow, particularly when the extrusion speed is 150 mm / sec or less, so that the external surface streaks are more unlikely to occur. For this reason, the extrusion speed is desirably 150 mm / sec or less. However, if the speed is too slow, the temperature of the tool (die, mandrel, etc.) rises due to heat conduction, and not only wear and deformation of the tool become remarkable, but also productivity decreases, so the lower limit is set to about 70 mm / sec. Is good. In addition, the extrusion speed is a ram speed for moving the stem forward.
[0028]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
[0029]
【Example】
Five types of glass powder having an average particle diameter of 150 μm were prepared as shown in Table 1. A part of the prepared glass powder was used for an external lubricant, and the remaining glass powder was formed into a glass disk (front lubricant) having the shape and dimensions shown in FIG. At that time, water glass (trade name: Sodium Silicate No. 3 manufactured by Kimida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as the binder for all glass disks.
The outer surface lubricant and the glass disk (front lubricant) were combined as shown in Table 2, and a billet made of ferritic stainless steel (JIS SUS444 equivalent steel) having an outer diameter of 176 mm, an inner diameter of 38 mm, and a length of 603 mm was prepared. At an extrusion temperature of 1020 ° C., the product was extruded into a steel pipe having an outer diameter of 47.5 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm, and a length of 16,452 mm. At this time, an outer surface lubricant of 0.75 mg / cm 2 was applied to the outer surface of the billet. Also, the extrusion speed was changed in three ways: 120 mm / sec, 150 mm / sec, and 180 mm / sec.
[0030]
After removing the glass on the surface of the obtained steel pipe by pickling with hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, the maximum depth of vertical wrinkles, the rate of occurrence of external streaks (%) and the maximum depth were examined. Are also shown in Table 2. The occurrence rate of the outer surface streak is a value defined by the following equation (1).
[0031]
Occurrence rate (%) = (Number of streaks generated on outer surface / Number of extrusions) × 100 (1)
[0032]
[Table 1]
[0033]
[Table 2]
[0034]
As can be seen from Table 2, the steel pipes of Test Nos. 10 to 12 and 16 to 18 extruded under the conditions specified in the present invention have shallow maximum wrinkles of 0.2 mm or less. In addition, the occurrence rate of outer surface streaks is as low as 5% or less, and the maximum depth thereof is as shallow as 0.5 mm or less. In particular, when the extrusion speed was 150 mm / sec or less, no external streaks were generated.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the method of this invention, not only a deep vertical wrinkle does not generate | occur | produce, but also the generation | occurrence | production of an external surface streak is suppressed. As a result, the cost of removing these external surface defects can be reduced and the material yield can be improved, so that the production cost of the product can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a hot extrusion pipe manufacturing method.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the shape and dimensions of a glass disk (front lubricant) used in Examples.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: glass disk (front lubricant),
2: dice,
3: Mandrel,
4: Die holder,
5: Die backer,
6: Container,
7: Dummy block,
8: Billet.
Claims (2)
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JP2002342112A JP4172258B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2002-11-26 | Hot extrusion pipe manufacturing method for ferritic stainless steel pipes |
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JP2002342112A JP4172258B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2002-11-26 | Hot extrusion pipe manufacturing method for ferritic stainless steel pipes |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009150989A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Process for producing high-alloy seamless pipe |
WO2010093000A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Method for producing seamless pipe |
JP2010227997A (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Glass lubricant for making tube by hot extrusion of metallic material and method of making tube by hot extrusion using the same |
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2002
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WO2009150989A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Process for producing high-alloy seamless pipe |
US8245552B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2012-08-21 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing high-alloy seamless tube |
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CN102316999A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-01-11 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | Method for producing seamless pipe |
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JP2010184280A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for manufacturing seamless pipe |
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JP2010227997A (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Glass lubricant for making tube by hot extrusion of metallic material and method of making tube by hot extrusion using the same |
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JP2011121095A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Lubricating glass-formed material, and method for manufacturing billet for tube-making by hot-extrusion |
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RU2693708C1 (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-07-04 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)" | Pipe forming method |
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