JP2004149345A - Mortar concrete, and structure and fish-breeding ground using the same - Google Patents

Mortar concrete, and structure and fish-breeding ground using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004149345A
JP2004149345A JP2002315098A JP2002315098A JP2004149345A JP 2004149345 A JP2004149345 A JP 2004149345A JP 2002315098 A JP2002315098 A JP 2002315098A JP 2002315098 A JP2002315098 A JP 2002315098A JP 2004149345 A JP2004149345 A JP 2004149345A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
concrete
wood
mortar
steam
shells
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazumi Fukuda
一見 福田
Ichiro Oshiki
一郎 押木
Yosuke Fukui
洋介 福井
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Taiheiyo Materials Corp
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Taiheiyo Materials Corp
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Priority to JP2002315098A priority Critical patent/JP2004149345A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide mortar concrete and a structure using the same by effectively utilizing sea shells mainly generated as a waste product in the fishery, the food processing industry or the like, and thinned woods or waste woods generated in the forest industry, the construction industry or the like. <P>SOLUTION: The mortar concrete comprises a binder and sea shells or woods subjected to steam-heating. The steam-heating is performed with steam of temperature of ≥120°C. The mortar concrete is characterized in that at least a portion of the sea shell or the wood is carbonized when it is subjected to the steam-heating. The structure is obtained by using the mortar concrete, and a fish-breeding ground is produced by using the structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に水産業や食品加工業等で廃棄物として発生する貝殻、林業や建設業等で発生する間伐材や廃木材の有効活用に関するものであって、これらを用いたモルタル・コンクリート及び該モルタル・コンクリートを用いた構造物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
主に水産業や食品加工業等で廃棄物として発生する貝殻、林業や建設業等で発生する間伐材や廃木材は、そのまま又は焼却減容化し、埋め立て処分されることが殆どであったため、その有効活用が検討されている。その一つとして生コンクリートに混和する方法がある(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2、特許文献3、特許文献4参照。)。更に、貝殻や木材は藻類の活着性に非常に優れていることから、貝殻や木材を混和させたコンクリート硬化体を魚礁へ利用することが提案されている(例えば、特許文献5参照。)。しかし、貝殻や木材をそのまま或いは破砕・切断してコンクリートに混合しただけでは、貝殻に付着した肉片や木材が腐敗し、悪臭を発する。また、木材等の腐敗が進行するとコンクリート硬化体が変形したり強度低下を起こす。かかる腐敗は、貝殻や木材を焼却灰化すれば完全に防止できるが、灰化物に対する藻類の活着性は該して低く、魚礁には適し難くなる。灰化物以外の処理方法として、混和前の貝殻等を高温の油で加熱すれば滅菌および防菌が行われるため、腐敗防止に有効であることが知られている(例えば、特許文献6参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−41349号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−228206号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平9−165252号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2002−241165号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平7−206501号公報
【特許文献6】
特開2000−24619号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかるに、高温の油で加熱処理した貝殻等は、その表面に油滴が付着しているため、モルタルやコンクリート用の混和材として配合すると、凝結遅延を起こし易く、また表面油分が結合材と貝殻等の間に実質的に介在することになり硬化体の強度が低下し易い。更に、表面付着油分が大量に存在すると藻類の活着に支障を及ぼすこともある。本発明はこのような問題を解決するために成されたものであって、これまで廃棄処分されていた貝殻、又は間伐材や廃木材等の木材をモルタル・コンクリートの構成材料として有効活用して、構造物とした場合に充分強度があり、悪臭を発生せず、且つ長期間形状が維持できるモルタル・コンクリート及びこれを用いた構造物を提供すること、また、蝟集効果が早期に発現し長期間保持することが可能な魚礁を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、前記課題解決のため種々の検討を行ったところ、貝殻又は木材を蒸気加熱することにより前記目的を達成することを見出した。即ち本発明は、以下の(1)〜(3)で表すモルタル・コンクリート、(4)で表す構造物、及び(5)で表す魚礁である。
【0006】
(1)(A)結合材と(B)蒸気加熱した貝殻又は木材を含有してなるモルタル・コンクリート。(2)蒸気加熱が120℃以上の蒸気による加熱であることを特徴とする(1)のモルタル・コンクリート。(3)蒸気加熱により、少なくとも貝殻又は木材の一部が炭化していることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)のモルタル・コンクリート。(4)(1)又は(2)のモルタル・コンクリートを用いてなる構造物。(5)(4)の構造物を用いてなる魚礁。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明でいうモルタル・コンクリートとは、少なくとも結合材と骨材を混合してなるものである。結合材としては、ポルトランドセメント、アルミナセメント、半水石膏、混合セメント等のセメント、熱硬化性樹脂等の樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂や硫黄等のように加熱により液体になり常温で固体の物質等が挙げられ、これらを併用しても良い。経済性や作業効率の点から、結合材としてセメントが好ましい。また、本発明でいうモルタル・コンクリートは、鉄筋コンクリート等のように内部に鋼材を有するものも含む。骨材としては概ね水以上の比重であれば特に限定されず、例えば、砕砂、砕石、陸砂、陸砂利、川砂、川砂利、人工骨材、スラグ骨材等が挙げられ、これらを併用しても良い。結合材と骨材以外に、水、減水剤、流動化剤、収縮低減剤、防錆剤、急硬剤、遅延剤、膨張材、繊維、防水材等の各種混和剤(材)を適宜含むこともできる。
【0008】
本発明でいう貝殻とは、水産業や食品加工業等で廃棄物として発生するカキ、帆立貝、アサリ、ハマグリ、アワビ、トコブシ、サザエ等の貝殻で、付着している肉片を含むものである。
【0009】
本発明でいう木材とは、林業や建設業等で発生する間伐材や廃木材を含む木材である。本発明でいう木材には、杉、松、楢、桧等の一般の木材以外に竹も含むものである。その形状は特に限定されないが、丸太状、板状、角材状、チップ状、粉状等が挙げられる。
【0010】
本発明でいう蒸気とは、トリエチレングリコールや四塩化炭素等の有機物質の蒸気でも良いし、塩化アルミニウムや水等の無機物質の蒸気でも良い。大気圧下で所定の温度にならない場合は、耐圧容器内で加圧して所定の温度にする。該蒸気として水蒸気を用いることが、コンクリートの硬化不良が無い、入手もし易い、不燃性である、貝殻又は木材中の重金属や塩分等の有害物質濃度を低減できる等の点で好適である。
【0011】
前記蒸気により、120℃以上に加熱することにより、滅菌することになり、腐敗による悪臭の発生や朽ちることを抑制することになる。更に、前記加熱で貝殻に付着している肉片等の有機物又は木材の少なくとも一部を炭化することにより、腐敗による悪臭の発生や朽ちることをより抑制できるとともに、虫等の小動物による食害を抑制することができる。貝殻に付着している肉片等の有機物又は木材を全て炭化する必要は無く、エネルギー消費量の点から腐敗しやすい部分のみ炭化すれば良く、腐敗しやすい部分の表面のみ炭化すれば更に効率的である。120℃より温度が低いと、滅菌が不充分となり好ましくない。また、モルタル・コンクリートに貝殻と木材のうち貝殻のみ含まれる場合は、900℃より温度が高いと、貝殻中の炭酸カルシウムが分解する虞があるので好ましくない。また、モルタル・コンクリートに少なくとも木材が含まれる場合は、500℃より温度が高いと、木材が灰化する虞があるので好ましくない。150℃〜500℃の範囲の蒸気で加熱することが、処理時間と処理コストの点で好ましい。
【0012】
前記貝殻又は木材が、該構造物表面にあることにより、湿度調節の点、ホルムアルデヒド等の有害物質吸着の点、美観の点等から好ましい。特に、該構造物を魚礁として用いた場合に、表面に凹凸が多くなるので、更に藻類が活着し易く、腔腸動物、環形動物、触手動物、軟体動物、節足動物等のベントスも潜入又は付着し易くなり、魚類等の蝟集する効果の早期発現の点で好ましい。更に、前記貝殻又は木材の少なくとも一部が炭化していると、炭化していないものに比べて表面の色が濃くなるので陰影効果による魚類等の蝟集に効果があるのでより好ましい。
【0013】
前記貝殻又は木材を、該構造物表面に存在させるには、モルタル・コンクリート中の貝殻又は木材とそれ以外の構成材料との比重差を利用し、貝殻又は木材を浮上させ又は沈殿させる方法、又、モルタル・コンクリートの強度が小さい時期、望ましくはモルタル・コンクリートの表面に遅延剤を含有させる等して表面強度を小さくして、物理的な方法でモルタル・コンクリートの表層部に貝殻や木材が出るまで除去する方法、貝殻又は木材を型枠の1面又は複数面に配置してモルタル・コンクリートを打設する方法等がある。作業効率の点で、該コンクリート中の貝殻又は木材とそれ以外の構成材料との比重差を利用する方法が好ましい。特に、コンクリート打設中にバイブレーターによる振動を加えて、貝殻又は木材を浮き上がらせ又は沈める方法と、遠心力により比重差をより顕著に利用できる遠心成形を行うことが、作業効率の点でより好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の構造物とは、本発明のモルタル・コンクリートを用いた構造物で、構成する材質全てを本発明のコンクリートで用いても良いし、鉄鋼その他の金属、他の水和組成物からなる硬化体、合成樹脂、石材等と複合して用いても良い。
【0015】
本発明の構造物の形状、大きさは、特に限定されない。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。表1に示す配合のコンクリートを製造した。なお、表1中の各成分は、以下に示すものを用いた。
<使用材料>
セメント:太平洋セメント株式会社製普通ポルトランドセメント。
細骨材:静岡県産陸砂(表乾比重:2.60)。
粗骨材:茨城県産砕石(表乾比重:2.64)。
水:水道水。
貝殻又は木材:
貝殻A:水産加工業より廃棄されたホタテ貝の貝殻(比重:2.93、重量の1%の肉片が付着)。
貝殻B:貝殻Aを、オートクレーブを用いて180℃、24時間水蒸気で加熱したもの(比重:3.03、肉片が炭化している)。
木材A:杉の間伐材チップを、オートクレーブを用いて120℃、30分間水蒸気で加熱したもの(比重:0.4、炭化していない)。
木材B:杉の間伐材チップを、オートクレーブを用いて150℃、24時間水蒸気で加熱したもの(比重:0.5、炭化している)。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 2004149345
【0018】
作製した配合No.1〜3のコンクリートを、JIS A 1108「コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法」に従って圧縮強度試験を行った。材齢28日の圧縮強度試験結果及びその時のコンクリートの状態について、表2に示す。なお、試験体は直径15cm、高さ30cmの円柱状とした。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 2004149345
【0020】
本発明の実施例である配合No.2、4及び5のコンクリートの硬化体から悪臭(腐乱臭)は発生していないが、本発明の比較例である配合No.1のコンクリートの硬化体から悪臭(腐乱臭)が発生していた。
【0021】
配合No.4のコンクリートを、型枠(幅30cm×長さ60cm×深さ7cm)に打設して、間伐材チップが浮き上がってくるまでバイブレータをかけて、翌日脱型して、コンクリート板を作製した。この時、内側にネジを切った金属パイプを2箇所、該コンクリート板の間伐材チップが表面に露出する面と反対側の面(下面)に金属パイプが露出するように、埋め込んでコンクリート板Aを作製した。また、この時、コンクリート板の長手方向の側面の一つが、間伐材チップが表面に露出する面となす角度が45度になるように、断面が直角二等辺三角形の三角柱の型を配置しておいた。コンクリート板Aの間伐材チップが露出している表面には、間伐材チップにより約1.5cmの凹凸が形成されていた。同様にして、配合No.5のコンクリートを用いて、コンクリート板Bを作製した。コンクリート板Bの間伐材チップが露出している表面には、間伐材チップにより約1.5cmの凹凸が形成されていた。また、前記型枠より2cm深い型枠に同じ三角柱の型を配置して、配合No.2のコンクリートを打設した。翌日、高圧水(水圧:100N/mm)を吹付けて約2cmの深さ分のモルタル分を除去した後に脱型して、貝殻Bが表面に露出しているコンクリート板Cを作製した。
【0022】
比較として、貝殻又は木材が含まれていない配合No.3のコンクリートにより、コンクリート板A作製時と同じ形状の型枠を用いてコンクリート板Dを作製した。
【0023】
28日間気中養生したコンクリート板A、コンクリート板B、コンクリート板C及びコンクリート板Dを海中に3ヶ月間沈めた後の状況を観察した。その結果、コンクリート板A、コンクリート板B及びコンクリート板Cにはゴカイ類及び甲殻類が付着していた。一方、コンクリート板Dには肉眼で確認できる生物の付着は見られなかった。
【0024】
前記金属パイプの内側のネジに嵌合するネジ部を有するアンカーを嵌め合わせて、通常のコンクリート製魚礁製造時の型枠に、アンカーを取り付けたコンクリート板Cを魚礁3の12箇所の柱部1に各2個取り付けて、配筋した後に配合No.3のコンクリートを打設して製造した、本発明の構造物を魚礁として用いた場合の一実施形態が図1である。
【0025】
魚礁3は、コンクリート板Cが取り付けてあるので、ゴカイ類や甲殻類等のベントスが早期に付着及び/又は潜入することにより、それらを捕食する魚類が早期に蝟集する。また、貝殻の肉片が炭化しているので腐敗せず、強度も高く強度低下も無いので長期間形状が維持して、魚礁3の蝟集効果が長期間保持する。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
前記から明らかなように、本発明によれば、貝殻又は木材の腐敗を抑制することにより、原材料として保管している間や使用している間における悪臭の発生を防止し、強度を充分有し維持できるモルタル・コンクリート硬化体を得られるので、これまで廃棄処分されていた貝殻又は間伐材や廃木材等の木材をモルタル・コンクリートの構成材料として有効活用できる。また、構造物とした場合に充分強度があり、悪臭を発生せず、且つ長期間形状が維持できるモルタル・コンクリート及びこれを用いた構造物が提供される。また、蝟集効果が早期に発現し、またその蝟集効果が長期間保持することが可能な魚礁が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る構造物を魚礁として用いた場合の一実施形態を説明する模式的な斜視面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 柱部
2 貝殻
3 魚礁
4 アンカーを取り付けたコンクリート板C[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the effective use of shells generated as waste in the fishing industry, food processing industry, and the like, thinned wood and waste wood generated in the forestry and construction industries, and mortar and concrete using these. And a structure using the mortar / concrete.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Most of the shells generated as waste in the fisheries and food processing industries, as well as thinned wood and waste wood generated in the forestry and construction industries are directly or incinerated, reduced in volume, and landfilled. Its effective use is being studied. As one of them, there is a method of mixing with ready-mixed concrete (for example, see Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 4). Furthermore, since shells and wood are very excellent in algae viability, it has been proposed to use hardened concrete mixed with shells and wood for fish reefs (for example, see Patent Document 5). However, if the shells and wood are mixed with concrete as they are or by crushing and cutting, the pieces of meat and wood adhering to the shells will rot and emit a bad smell. Further, as the decay of wood or the like progresses, the hardened concrete body is deformed or its strength is reduced. Such spoilage can be completely prevented by incineration of shells and wood, but the algae's ability to incinerate is accordingly low, making it less suitable for fish reefs. It is known that, as a treatment method other than ash, heating shells or the like before mixing with high-temperature oil will sterilize and prevent germs, which is effective in preventing spoilage (for example, see Patent Document 6). ).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-41349 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-11-228206 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-9-165252 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-241165 [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-206501 [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-24619
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, shells and the like that have been heat-treated with high-temperature oil have oil droplets adhering to the surface, and when blended as an admixture for mortar or concrete, retardation of setting is liable to occur, and the surface oil content is reduced by the binder and the shell. And so on, and the strength of the cured body is liable to decrease. Furthermore, the presence of a large amount of oil adhering to the surface may hinder the algae's survival. The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and effectively utilizes shells that have been discarded, or wood such as thinned wood and waste wood as constituent materials of mortar and concrete. To provide a mortar / concrete which has sufficient strength when formed into a structure, does not generate odor, and can maintain its shape for a long period of time, and a structure using the same. It is intended to provide a reef that can be maintained for a long period.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted various studies for solving the above-mentioned problems, and have found that the above-mentioned object is achieved by steam heating shells or wood. That is, the present invention is a mortar / concrete represented by the following (1) to (3), a structure represented by (4), and a fish reef represented by (5).
[0006]
(1) Mortar concrete containing (A) a binder and (B) steam-heated shell or wood. (2) The mortar / concrete according to (1), wherein the steam heating is heating by steam at 120 ° C. or higher. (3) The mortar concrete according to (1) or (2), wherein at least a part of the shell or the wood is carbonized by steam heating. (4) A structure using the mortar / concrete according to (1) or (2). (5) A fish reef using the structure of (4).
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The mortar / concrete referred to in the present invention is obtained by mixing at least a binder and an aggregate. Examples of the binder include cements such as Portland cement, alumina cement, hemihydrate gypsum, mixed cements, resins such as thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins, and substances that become liquid when heated and become solid at room temperature, such as sulfur. And these may be used in combination. From the viewpoint of economy and work efficiency, cement is preferred as the binder. Further, the mortar / concrete referred to in the present invention includes those having a steel material inside such as reinforced concrete. The aggregate is not particularly limited as long as it has a specific gravity of approximately water or more.Examples include crushed sand, crushed stone, land sand, land gravel, river sand, river gravel, artificial aggregate, slag aggregate, and the like. May be. In addition to the binder and the aggregate, various admixtures (materials) such as water, water reducing agents, fluidizing agents, shrinkage reducing agents, rust inhibitors, hardening agents, retarders, expanding materials, fibers, and waterproofing materials are appropriately included. You can also.
[0008]
The shells referred to in the present invention are shells such as oysters, scallops, clams, clams, abalones, tocobushi, and turban shells that are generated as waste in the fishing industry, food processing industry, and the like, and include attached meat pieces.
[0009]
Wood in the present invention is wood including thinned wood and waste wood generated in the forestry and construction industries. Wood in the present invention includes bamboo in addition to general wood such as cedar, pine, oak and cypress. The shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a log shape, a plate shape, a square material shape, a chip shape, and a powder shape.
[0010]
The vapor in the present invention may be a vapor of an organic substance such as triethylene glycol or carbon tetrachloride, or a vapor of an inorganic substance such as aluminum chloride or water. If the temperature does not reach the predetermined temperature under the atmospheric pressure, the pressure is increased in the pressure vessel to the predetermined temperature. The use of steam as the steam is preferred in that there is no hardening of concrete, it is easily available, it is nonflammable, and the concentration of harmful substances such as heavy metals and salts in shells or wood can be reduced.
[0011]
By heating to 120 ° C. or higher with the steam, sterilization is performed, and generation and decay of bad smell due to decay are suppressed. Furthermore, by carbonizing at least a part of organic matter or wood such as meat pieces attached to the shell by the heating, it is possible to further suppress the generation and decay of offensive odor due to decay, and to suppress the damage caused by small animals such as insects. be able to. It is not necessary to carbonize all organic matter such as meat pieces and wood attached to the shell or wood, and it is sufficient to carbonize only the perishable part in terms of energy consumption, and it is more efficient if only the surface of the perishable part is carbonized. is there. If the temperature is lower than 120 ° C., sterilization becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. When only mortar concrete contains shells out of shells and wood, a temperature higher than 900 ° C. is not preferable because calcium carbonate in the shells may be decomposed. If the mortar / concrete contains at least wood, a temperature higher than 500 ° C. is not preferable because the wood may be ashed. Heating with steam in the range of 150 ° C to 500 ° C is preferred in terms of processing time and processing cost.
[0012]
When the shell or wood is on the surface of the structure, it is preferable in terms of humidity control, adsorption of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, aesthetics, and the like. In particular, when the structure is used as a fish reef, the surface has many irregularities, so it is easier for algae to survive, and also bentos such as coelenterates, annelids, tentacles, mollusks, and arthropods can penetrate or invade. It is preferable in that it easily adheres and early manifests the effect of gathering fish and the like. Further, it is more preferable that at least a part of the shell or the wood is carbonized, since the surface of the shell or the wood is darker than the non-carbonized one, which is effective in gathering fish and the like by a shading effect.
[0013]
In order for the shell or wood to be present on the surface of the structure, a method of floating or sedimenting the shell or wood by utilizing a specific gravity difference between the shell or wood in the mortar concrete and other constituent materials, or When the strength of mortar / concrete is low, desirably the surface of mortar / concrete contains a retarder to reduce the surface strength, and shells and wood appear on the surface of mortar / concrete by physical method And a method of placing mortar and concrete by placing shells or wood on one or more surfaces of a mold. From the viewpoint of work efficiency, a method utilizing a specific gravity difference between shells or wood in the concrete and other constituent materials is preferable. In particular, it is more preferable in terms of working efficiency to perform vibration by a vibrator during concrete casting, to perform a method of floating or sinking shells or wood, and to perform centrifugal molding in which a difference in specific gravity can be more remarkably utilized by centrifugal force. .
[0014]
The structure of the present invention is a structure using the mortar / concrete of the present invention, and all the constituent materials may be used in the concrete of the present invention, or may be made of steel or other metals, or other hydrated compositions. It may be used in combination with a cured product, a synthetic resin, a stone, or the like.
[0015]
The shape and size of the structure of the present invention are not particularly limited.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. Concrete having the composition shown in Table 1 was produced. The components shown in Table 1 were as shown below.
<Material used>
Cement: ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Corporation.
Fine aggregate: Land sand from Shizuoka Prefecture (specific gravity of surface dryness: 2.60).
Coarse aggregate: crushed stone from Ibaraki Prefecture (surface specific gravity: 2.64).
Water: tap water.
Shell or wood:
Shell A: Scallop shell discarded from the fishery processing industry (specific gravity: 2.93, 1% by weight of meat pieces attached).
Shell B: Shell A heated with steam at 180 ° C. for 24 hours using an autoclave (specific gravity: 3.03, and the meat pieces are carbonized).
Wood A: cedar thinned wood chips heated with steam at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes using an autoclave (specific gravity: 0.4, not carbonized).
Wood B: cedar thinned wood chips heated with steam at 150 ° C. for 24 hours using an autoclave (specific gravity: 0.5, carbonized).
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004149345
[0018]
The prepared formulation No. The concrete of Nos. 1-3 was subjected to a compressive strength test in accordance with JIS A 1108 "Method of testing compressive strength of concrete". Table 2 shows the results of the compressive strength test for the 28-year-old material and the state of the concrete at that time. The test piece was a column having a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004149345
[0020]
The composition No. No malodor (decay odor) was generated from the cured bodies of the concretes of Nos. 2, 4 and 5, but the compound Nos. An unpleasant odor (decay odor) was generated from the cured concrete of No. 1.
[0021]
Formulation No. Concrete No. 4 was cast into a mold (width 30 cm × length 60 cm × depth 7 cm), a vibrator was applied until the thinned wood chips came up, and the next day, the concrete was removed from the mold to produce a concrete plate. At this time, two metal pipes threaded inside are embedded in the concrete plate A so that the metal pipes are exposed on the surface (lower surface) opposite to the surface on which the thinned wood chips are exposed on the surface of the concrete plate. Was prepared. At this time, a triangular prism having a right-angled isosceles triangular cross section is arranged so that one of the side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the concrete plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with the surface on which the thinned wood chips are exposed on the surface. Oita. On the surface where the thinned wood chips of the concrete plate A were exposed, irregularities of about 1.5 cm were formed by the thinned wood chips. Similarly, the formulation No. Using the concrete of No. 5, a concrete plate B was produced. On the surface where the thinned wood chips of the concrete plate B were exposed, irregularities of about 1.5 cm were formed by the thinned wood chips. Also, the same triangular prism mold was placed in a mold 2 cm deeper than the mold, and 2 concrete was poured. The next day, high-pressure water (water pressure: 100 N / mm 2 ) was sprayed to remove the mortar for a depth of about 2 cm, and then the mold was removed to prepare a concrete plate C on which the shell B was exposed on the surface.
[0022]
As a comparison, the composition No. containing no shell or wood was used. Using the concrete of No. 3, a concrete plate D was prepared using a mold having the same shape as that of the concrete plate A.
[0023]
The condition after submerging the concrete board A, the concrete board B, the concrete board C, and the concrete board D which were cured in the air for 28 days in the sea for three months was observed. As a result, creatures and crustaceans were adhered to concrete plate A, concrete plate B and concrete plate C. On the other hand, no creatures adhered to the concrete plate D that could be visually confirmed were observed.
[0024]
An anchor having a screw portion to be fitted to the screw inside the metal pipe is fitted, and a concrete plate C having the anchor attached to a formwork at the time of manufacturing a normal concrete reef is mounted on 12 pillar portions 1 of the fish reef 3. No. 2 was attached to each of them, and after reinforcing bars were arranged, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the structure of the present invention manufactured by casting concrete of No. 3 is used as a fish reef.
[0025]
Since the fish plate 3 is provided with the concrete plate C, bentos such as mosses and crustaceans attach and / or infiltrate at an early stage, so that fishes that prey on them gather at an early stage. In addition, since the shell meat pieces are carbonized, they do not rot, and the strength is high and there is no decrease in the strength. Therefore, the shape is maintained for a long time, and the aggregation effect of the fish reef 3 is maintained for a long time.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above, according to the present invention, by suppressing the decay of shells or wood, it is possible to prevent the generation of offensive odor during storage or use as a raw material, and to have sufficient strength. Since a hardened mortar / concrete body can be obtained, wood such as shells, thinned wood, and waste wood that have been disposed of can be effectively used as mortar / concrete materials. In addition, there is provided a mortar / concrete which has sufficient strength when formed into a structure, does not generate an odor, and can maintain its shape for a long period of time, and a structure using the same. In addition, a reef is provided in which the aggregation effect is exhibited early and the aggregation effect can be maintained for a long time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an embodiment when a structure according to the present invention is used as a fish reef.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 pillar part 2 shell 3 fish reef 4 concrete plate C with anchor

Claims (5)

(A)結合材と(B)蒸気加熱した貝殻又は木材を含有してなるモルタル・コンクリート。Mortar concrete containing (A) a binder and (B) steam-heated shell or wood. 蒸気加熱が120℃以上の蒸気による加熱であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のモルタル・コンクリート。The mortar / concrete according to claim 1, wherein the steam heating is heating by steam at 120 ° C or higher. 蒸気加熱により、少なくとも貝殻又は木材の一部が炭化していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のモルタル・コンクリート。The mortar / concrete according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least a part of the shell or the wood is carbonized by the steam heating. 請求項1〜3記載のモルタル・コンクリートを用いてなる構造物。A structure using the mortar / concrete according to claim 1. 請求項4記載の構造物を用いてなる魚礁。A fish reef using the structure according to claim 4.
JP2002315098A 2002-10-29 2002-10-29 Mortar concrete, and structure and fish-breeding ground using the same Pending JP2004149345A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006034271A (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-02-09 Minoru Sakamoto Method for producing outside-carbonized wood and method for gathering fishes, gathering shellfishes or growing edible algae with fish bank, alga collector (hibi)
KR20180118941A (en) * 2017-04-24 2018-11-01 송창익 Flame resistant and light rafter for traditional construction and process for preparing the same
KR20220007343A (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-18 부경대학교 산학협력단 shell covering panel and method for manufacturing thereof
CN115108779A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-09-27 青岛大学 Waste active shellfish inactivated virus functional decorative wall material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006034271A (en) * 2004-07-22 2006-02-09 Minoru Sakamoto Method for producing outside-carbonized wood and method for gathering fishes, gathering shellfishes or growing edible algae with fish bank, alga collector (hibi)
KR20180118941A (en) * 2017-04-24 2018-11-01 송창익 Flame resistant and light rafter for traditional construction and process for preparing the same
KR101957831B1 (en) 2017-04-24 2019-03-13 송창익 Flame resistant and light rafter for traditional construction and process for preparing the same
KR20220007343A (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-18 부경대학교 산학협력단 shell covering panel and method for manufacturing thereof
KR102474926B1 (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-12-06 부경대학교 산학협력단 shell covering panel and method for manufacturing thereof
CN115108779A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-09-27 青岛大学 Waste active shellfish inactivated virus functional decorative wall material and preparation method thereof

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