JP2004147620A - Nutrient-enriched feed - Google Patents

Nutrient-enriched feed Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004147620A
JP2004147620A JP2002319601A JP2002319601A JP2004147620A JP 2004147620 A JP2004147620 A JP 2004147620A JP 2002319601 A JP2002319601 A JP 2002319601A JP 2002319601 A JP2002319601 A JP 2002319601A JP 2004147620 A JP2004147620 A JP 2004147620A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
feed
acid
yeast
enriched
rotifer
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideyuki Aoki
秀之 青木
Kenshiro Fujimoto
健四郎 藤本
Kiyoshi Furukawa
清 古川
Michiko Kono
迪子 河野
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Ikeda Shokken KK
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Ikeda Shokken KK
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide nutrient-enriched feed using a highly unsaturated fatty acid such as eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid in order to solve problems of low accumulation efficiency of the higher unsaturated fatty acid in conventional feed for living things and water pollution in a water tank. <P>SOLUTION: The present invention relates to feed for living things using the nutrient-enriched feed and a method for enriching nutrient of feed. The present invention provides a rearing method for improving survival rate and vitality of livestock animals, cultured fish, etc., by using the feed for living things in which the nutrient-enriched feed is accumulated or feed containing the nutrient-enriched material. The present invention further provides nutrient-enriched feed containing an yeast containing the higher unsaturated fatty acid and the method for rearing the livestock animals and cultured fishes using the nutrient-enriched feed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料、および該栄養強化飼料を用いた家畜動物、養殖魚などの飼育方法に関する。
また、本発明はエイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料、該栄養強化飼料を蓄積した生物餌料、および該栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料に関する。
さらに、本発明は上述の栄養強化飼料を用いた生物餌料、飼料の栄養強化方法、本発明の栄養強化飼料を蓄積する生物餌料、または該栄養強化物を含有する飼料を用い、家畜動物、養殖魚などの生存率、活力を向上させる飼育方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ドコサヘキサエン酸やエイコサペンタエン酸などを含む高度不飽和脂肪酸は、仔稚魚の生育には必要な必須脂肪酸であり、ドコサヘキサエン酸を欠如したシオミズツボワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料を仔稚魚に摂取させた場合、仔稚魚の生残率が低下することが知られている(非特許文献1参照)。そこで、シオミズツボワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料中のドコサヘキサエン酸やエイコサペンタエン酸を強化させる各種飼料が開発されている。
【0003】
従来のドコサヘキサエン酸やエイコサペンタエン酸を強化させる方法として、シオミズツボワムシの水槽に乳化した魚油を直接添加する方法が知られている(非特許文献2参照)。しかしながら、本方法では、油による培養槽や水質汚染の問題や油の酸化の問題がある。ドコサヘキサエン酸やエイコサペンタエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸は、非常に酸化されやすいことが知られている。この酸化された油を魚に与えた場合、筋萎縮症を引き起こすことが淡水魚、海水魚で観察されたり、異常魚(浮上魚や水腫魚)が多発する可能性が示唆されているなど、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸の過酸化脂質における魚への影響が問題となっている(非特許文献3参照)。
【0004】
パン酵母などの微生物の培養中に高度不飽和脂肪酸を含む魚油を添加し培養することにより、酵母にドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸の高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有させる方法(特許文献1〜3参照、および非特許文献4参照)、酵母菌体内の水溶成分をpH処理や酵素処理によって、菌体外に溶出させた酵母残渣を用い、高度不飽和脂肪酸などの疎水性物質と混合接触させることにより、高度不飽和脂肪酸を菌体内に含有させる方法(特許文献4〜5、および非特許文献5参照)が開発されている。しかしながら、これらの方法では、酵母菌体表面に添加した油が付着しているものもあり、この酵母菌体表面に付着した油の酸化物の影響や水槽内の水質悪化の問題点、さらにシオミズツボワムシへの高度不飽和脂肪酸を含む脂質の蓄積効率がよくないなどの問題点がある。
【0005】
このように、従来知られているシオミズツボワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料へのドコサヘキサエン酸やエイコサペンタエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸の栄養強化方法での飼料では、生物餌料内へのドコサヘキサエン酸やエイコサペンタエン酸などを含む高度不飽和脂肪酸の蓄積効率、水槽内の水質悪化などの問題があり、いまだ未開発の段階である。その結果、産業的用途に有効に用い得る栄養強化飼料が望まれている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】特開昭54−105081号
【特許文献2】特開平03−228652号
【特許文献3】特開平04−88954号
【特許文献4】特開平04−4033号
【特許文献5】特開平08−243378号
【非特許文献1】日本水産学会誌,44,1109−1114(1978)
【非特許文献2】シオミズツボワムシ、日本水産学会編、恒星社
【非特許文献3】日本水産学会誌,63,71−84(1997)
【非特許文献4】日本水産学会誌,45,955−959(1979)
【非特許文献5】食品工業,9,51−58(1998)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記した従来の問題点に鑑み、当業界における要望に応えるためになされたものであって、その目的とするところは、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料、該栄養強化飼料を蓄積した生物餌料、および該栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料を提供することにある。また、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料を用いて、栄養強化した生物餌料および飼料を、家畜動物、仔稚魚を含む養殖魚などに給餌することで、例えば仔稚魚の生存率、活力を向上させることが可能な栄養強化方法を提供することにある。本発明は、よりすぐれた栄養強化飼料および栄養強化方法を新たに開発する目的でなされたものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記目的を達成するためになされたものであって、本発明者らは、各方面から検討した結果、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸を含む脂質混合物を菌体内に含有せしめたピヒア(Pichia)属などの酵母に着目した。
【0009】
本発明は、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母からなる栄養強化飼料に関する。すなわち、α−リノレン酸、γ−リノレン酸、オクタデカテトラエン酸、ジホモ−γ−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸群から選ばれた1種またはそれ以上を含む脂質混合物を培地に用いて、酵母を培養し、該脂質混合物を酵母菌体内に移行、蓄積せしめた酵母からなる栄養強化飼料に関する。該酵母は、例えば、ピヒア(Pichia)属に属する酵母であればよく、例えばピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)などが挙げられ、そのなかでも特にピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)HA−32株(FERMP−17802)が挙げられる。本発明は、本発明の栄養強化飼料を含有する家畜動物、養殖魚およびペット用の飼料に関する。また、本発明の栄養強化飼料をシオミズツボワムシ、ワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料の生体中に蓄積せしめた生物餌料に関する。
【0010】
本発明の栄養強化飼料を、シオミズツボワムシ、ワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料の生体内に蓄積せしめてなる生物餌料の製造方法、つまり生物餌料の栄養強化方法に関する。さらに、本発明の栄養強化飼料を含有する家畜動物、養殖魚およびペット用の飼料を用いた飼育に関する。本発明の栄養強化飼料を含有する生物餌料を水産系仔稚魚に給餌することで、仔稚魚の生存率、活力を向上を効果として奏する養殖方法に関する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、本発明者らが、各種検討を行った結果、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸を含む脂質混合物を用いた培地で培養することにより、酵母菌体内に目的の脂質のみを優位に取り込ませるピヒア(Pichia)属の酵母を開発した。該高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を仔稚魚の餌料であるシオミズツボワムシに摂取させることにより、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸を豊富にシオミズツボワムシに蓄積することを新しく見出し、本発明を想到するに至ったものである。
【0012】
本発明に用いる酵母は、特に限定はないが、高度不飽和脂肪酸などの脂質を酵母菌体内に移行、蓄積せしめる能力を有する酵母であればよい。該酵母は乾燥菌体重量中の総脂質量が5重量%以上、かつ総脂質中の高度不飽和脂肪酸含量は5重量%以上蓄積し、より好ましく乾燥菌体重量中の総脂質量が10重量%以上、総脂質中の高度不飽和脂肪酸含量が20重量%以上含有するものがより好ましい。また、本発明のシオミズツボワムシ、ワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料の生体内への高度不飽和脂肪酸の蓄積効率を高くする酵母であればよい。言いかえれば、高度不飽和脂肪酸などの脂質を酵母菌体内に移行、蓄積せしめた後に、該脂質の保持能力が高い酵母であればよい。例えば、ピヒア(Pichia)属に属する酵母が挙げられる。該ピヒア(Pichia)属に属する酵母の中には、例えばピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)、ピヒア・メンブランファシエンス(Pichiamembranefaciens)、ピヒア・ピナス(Pichia pinus)、ピヒア・パストリス(Pichia pastoris)、ピヒア・サイトイ(Pichia saitoi)などが挙げられる。さらに、微生物菌体蛋白質(SCP:Single cell protein)として食品、飼料用として使用できる酵母であるピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)、ピヒア・ピナス(Pichia pinus)などが好ましいが、前記のように脂質を酵母菌体内に移行、蓄積せしめる能力を有するピヒア(Pichia)属であれば全て使用することができる。例えば、ピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica) IFO1909、IFO10704などの菌株は、高度不飽和脂肪酸の蓄積量の面や、酵母自体の増殖性などの点から好ましい。これらの菌株は、受託番号でIFOやATCCに寄託されており、全て公知の分譲 機関、法人より入手可能である。また、ピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica) HA−32と命名され、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センターに、FERMP−17802として寄託された微生物を用いてもよい。本発明者らが土壌から分離した菌株ピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)の菌学的性質を以下に記載する。
【0013】
1.各培地における生育状態
以下の各培地において観察を行った。
(1)イースト・モルト寒天培地
乳白色のコロニーを培養24時間程度で形成、偽菌糸はなし。また。帽子型の子嚢胞子を形成。
(2)イースト・モルト液体培地
24時間程度で良好な生育を示す。菌皮膜を形成せず。
【0014】
2.形態学的性状、糖発酵性、炭素源の利用性、窒素の利用性、発育性、生理学的性質
各成分の寒天培地において25℃培養にて生理学的性質、形態学的性状、糖発酵性、炭素源の利用性、窒素の利用性、発育性を調べた結果を表1、表2および表3に示した。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 2004147620
【0016】
【表2】
Figure 2004147620
【0017】
【表3】
Figure 2004147620
【0018】
各培地における生理学的性質、形態学的性状、糖発酵性、炭素源の利用性窒素の利用性などから、本菌株がピヒア(Pichia)属に特徴的な性質を有していることからPichia属に属すると考えられた。そこで、さらに本菌株をJ.A.Barnett et.al., Yeasts: characteristics and identification, cambridge university press. P505, 1990 に準じて既知のピヒア(Pichia)属と菌学的諸性質を比較するとピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)に非常に類似していた。このことから、本菌株をピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)と同定した。該菌株は、本発明者らによって土壌中より分離した菌株を使用する事もできる。なお、本発明においては、上記菌株の変異株も使用できる。変異株は、紫外線、エックス線などの放射線または化学的変異剤(NTG等)などの処理によって得られる。
【0019】
本発明の高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母の培養は、例えば、ピヒア(Pichia) 属を培養するための培地は、当該酵母がよく生育して目的とする脂質を含有しうるものが望ましい。特に炭素源としては、例えばグルコース、ガラクトース、スクロースなどが挙げられる。炭素源の添加量としては培地の0.1〜10.0重量%、好ましくは1.0〜5.0重量%であることが望ましい。また上述した培地の窒素源は、酵母エキスが好ましいが、コーンスティブリカー、大豆蛋白、ミルクカゼインなどの天然窒素源、尿素などの有機窒素源、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウムなどの無機窒素源を併用して用いることもできる。窒素源の添加量は、培地の0.05〜50.0重量%、好ましくは2.0〜30.0重量%とすることが望ましい。また、これら炭素源、窒素源の他に、菌体に油脂を大量に取り込ませる因子として、ビタミン類のコリンおよび無機塩類のリン酸二水素カリウムが挙げられる。これらの添加量としては、0.1〜20.0重量%、好ましくは0.5〜5.0重量%であることが望ましい。さらに、該酵母の菌体内に高度不飽和脂肪酸などの脂質を大量に取り込ませる因子としては褐変物質が挙げられる。培地に含有する褐変物質は、アミノカルボニル反応に基づく、アマドリ化合物、3−デオキシオソン類、フルフラール類、ピラリン、メラノイジンの褐変物質から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する混合物とすることが好ましい。褐変物質は、グルコース、ガラクトース、リボースなどの炭素源と酵母エキス、大豆蛋白質、遊離アミノ酸などの窒素源、コリンなどのビタミン類、リン酸水素二カリウムなどの無機塩類などの培地成分を溶解させた後、水酸化ナトリウムなどによりpHをアルカリ側に調整し、加熱滅菌することにより培地中に生成できることができる。また、予めpHをアルカリ側にしたり、加熱温度を60℃以上にしたり、鉄や銅などの金属イオンを共存させるなどの方法により、上記炭素源と窒素源より調整した褐変物質を培地に添加し、使用することもできる。培地中の褐変物質の含量としては、褐変物質全体の相対濃度を示すO.D.420nmの吸光度として1以上であり、好ましくは5.0〜10.0である。さらに必要に応じてその他の硫酸マグネシウム、リン酸水素カリウムなどの無機塩類およびビタミンなどの微量元素を、当該酵母の生育を阻害しない程度に添加することができる。
【0020】
また、培地に添加する高度不飽和脂肪酸類を含む脂質混合物は、α−リノレン酸、γ−リノレン酸、オクタデカテトラエン酸、ジホモ−γ−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などの脂肪酸群から選ばれる1種またはそれ以上を、5重量%以上含有する脂質混合物の組合せからなることが好ましく、該脂質混合物中の脂質は天然物および/または合成物いずれも使用できる。また、当該脂質混合物は、遊離脂肪酸またはそれらの脂肪酸塩が好ましいが、またはそれらのグリセリド、その低級アルコールエステルを組み合わせで使用することができる。なお、当該脂質混合物のグリセリドとは、トリグリセリド、モノグリセリド、リン脂質など、脂肪酸塩は、ナトリウム塩、カルシウム塩など、また低級アルコールエステルは、メチルエステル、エチルエステルなどであることが望ましい。さらに当該脂質混合物を培地中に添加する時期は、培養途中であってもよいが、より好ましくは培養開始前が望ましい。また当該脂質混合物の添加量としては培地の0.1〜10.0重量%、より好ましくは0.5〜5.0重量%とすることが望ましい。また培養条件としては、通常上記培地成分の液体培地で振とう培養や通気撹拌培養などにより行われ、培養温度は20〜30℃とすることが望ましい。培地の初発のpHは5.0〜8.0、培養時間は2〜7日が適当である。前記酵母の培養液は、そのまま栄養強化飼料として用いてもよいが、残存する脂溶性の成分が養殖場などを汚してしまうおそれもあるため、一般的には培養液から濾過法、遠心分離法、フィルター濾過などの常法により高度不飽和脂肪酸を高濃度に蓄積した酵母の菌体を回収し、さらに、水、界面活性剤を含む水溶液、エタノールなどで菌体表面を洗浄したものを用いることが好ましい。さらに、必要に応じて凍結乾燥、風乾などの方法により菌体の乾燥処理を行い、乾燥菌体でも利用が可能である。
【0021】
本発明は、上述した高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料に関し、該栄養強化飼料を用いた飼料、生物餌料の栄養強化方法に関する。本発明の栄養強化飼料は、少なくとも高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含有し、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母単独の意味も有する。つまり、本発明の栄養強化飼料は、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母そのまま、もしくは添加剤との混合物であってもよく、乾燥、凍結、粉末化、凍結乾燥、加熱、殺菌などの加工を行ってもよく、使用形態、使用方法、使用時期などは、目的とする家畜動物や養殖魚、飼育方法、成長時期などにより適宜変更すればよい。また、本発明の栄養強化物に含む酵母は、乾燥菌体重量中の総脂質量が5重量%以上であり、かつ総脂質中の高度不飽和脂肪酸含量は5重量%以上含有するものであるが、より好ましく乾燥菌体重量中の総脂質量が10重量%以上、総脂質中の高度不飽和脂肪酸含量が20重量%以上含有するものが好ましい。酵母中の総脂質量および総脂質中の高度不飽和脂肪酸含量が5重量%未満では、生物餌料もしくは飼料に投与した場合の効果である高度不飽和脂肪酸のエイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などよる栄養強化が不十分となる場合がある。これに対し、乾燥菌体重量中の総脂質量が10重量%以上であり、かつ総脂質中の高度不飽和脂肪酸含量が20重量%以上の場合は、十分な栄養強化を図ることができる。
【0022】
本発明の栄養強化飼料は、該栄養強化飼料そのまま、該栄養強化飼料を蓄積した生物餌料として、および/または該栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料として、ニワトリ、七面鳥、ウシ、ブタ、ウマ、ヒツジ、ヤギなどの家畜動物、海産系および淡水系の養殖魚、ペットなどの餌料および餌料として使用可能である。また、該餌料および飼料として飼育も可能である。
本発明の栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料は、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料を配合飼料と共に添加、混合した飼料でよく、魚粉、大豆粕、小麦グルテン、澱粉などのいずれの配合飼料原料を用いることができ、特に限定されるものではない。本発明の栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料の製造方法についても任意の飼料製造工程でよく、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料の添加時期は特に限定されない。モイストペレットの場合には、例えば生餌との混合の時点で必要量添加すればよく、ドライペレットの場合には押出し機による成形前の原料混合の工程で必要量添加すればよい。あるいはペレットにアルギン酸ソーダなどの添着剤を使用し表面に付着させる方法でもよい。
【0023】
本発明の高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料を蓄積させ生物餌料は、本発明の栄養強化飼料を蓄積したシオミズツボワムシなどのワムシ類、アルテミア、チグリオパス、モイナ、カキ幼生、ミジンコなどの生物餌料である。本発明の生物餌料の製造方法は、すなわち本発明の栄養強化飼料の添加方法、添加量などは特に制約なく、常法に従い、生物餌料の成育状況を見ながら実施すればよい。該生物餌料の培養時に海産クロレラと、本発明の高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料の併用培養、もしくは、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母の単独培養、生物餌料の高密度培養後での高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母における二次培養など通常の養殖で行われている栄養強化方法による製造方法が適用される。さらに、本発明の生物餌料を用いた養殖魚の給餌、飼育方法は、本発明の生物餌料を養殖または放流用水産系仔稚魚(海産系:マダイ、クロダイ、ヒラメ、トラフグ、エビ、タコ、ブリなど、淡水系:アユ、ヤマメ、イワナ、アマゴ、ウナギ、ワカサギなど)に与えることによって実施される。なお、本発明の目的は、高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有するピヒア(Pichia) 属などに属する酵母を生物餌料に蓄積させ、仔稚魚の生存率、活力を向上させる生物餌料の栄養強化飼料に関することであり、栄養強化方法を限定するものではない。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例によって限定されるものではない。なお、実施例中のドコサヘキサエン酸+エイコサペンタエン酸含量は、ドコサヘキサエン酸およびエイコサペンタエン酸の合計含量を指す。
【実施例1】
培養油脂酵母の調製:グルコース5%、酵母エキス2%、0.5%コリン、1%リン酸二水素カリウムを含む培地(pH6.5)1.2Lを121℃、20分間加熱滅菌した後、遊離脂肪酸3%(成分:総脂質中のドコサヘキエン酸純度26重量%)を添加、ピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica) HA−32を接種し、25℃、3日間培養を行った。培養終了後、遠心で菌体を分離し、本発明の栄養強化飼料を得た。
得られた菌体についてエタノール、水で十分洗浄し、凍結乾燥により乾燥を行った。続いて乾燥菌体を超音波破砕後、クロロホルム/メタノール/水系の溶媒を用いるBligh−Dyer法により脂質を抽出した。抽出した脂質について、総脂質量を調べた。続いて得られた脂質について塩酸−メタノール法によりメチルエステル化し、ガスクロマトグラフィー法により、総脂質中のドコサヘキサエン酸純度(重量%)、エイコサペンタエン酸純度(重量%)を求めた。
その結果は表4に示した。乾燥菌体重量当たりの総脂質量、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸含量の高い酵母を得た。
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 2004147620
【0026】
【実施例2】
実施例1で得た酵母を用いて、生物餌料であるシオミズツボワムシの栄養強化を行った。濃縮淡水クロレラで予め培養したシオミズツボワムシを用い、シオミズツボワムシの密度を8×106個/10Lに調製した。ワムシ密度を調製した水槽に上記培養油脂酵母(総脂質量25重量%、ドコサヘキサエン酸+エイコサペンタエン酸含量8.5重量%)を4.5g/10L添加し、シオミズツボワムシの6時間培養を行い栄養強化を行った。また、市販のワムシ栄養強化飼料(総脂質量60重量%、ドコサヘキサエン酸+エイコサペンタエン酸含量28重量%)を1.3g/10L与えたものを比較対照として行った。栄養強化試験後のシオミズツボワムシは、回収しワムシ中の総脂質量、ドコサヘキサエン酸とエイコサペンタエン酸含量を求めた。
【0027】
その結果、表5に示す通り、市販飼料と同程度の脂質含量、ドコサヘキサエン酸+エイコサペンタエン酸含量をシオミズツボワムシに与えたにも関わらず、培養油脂酵母の添加の方が、ドコサヘキサエン酸+エイコサペンタエン酸含量が高いシオミズツボワムシが調製できた。また、水槽内の水質汚染に関しても問題がなかった。さらに調製したドコサヘキサエン酸+エイコサペンタエン酸含量が高いシオミズツボワムシを鯛の仔稚魚に摂取させた結果、コントロールである淡水クロレラのみで調製したシオミズツボワムシと比較し、鯛の仔稚魚の生残率、活力の向上が認められた。
【0028】
【表5】
Figure 2004147620
【0029】
【発明の効果】
従来の栄養強化飼料では、生物餌料内への高度不飽和脂肪酸を蓄積させる効率がよくなかったり、また、栄養強化飼料の高度不飽和脂肪酸が酸化されやすかったり、水槽内の水質を汚染する問題点があった。しかし、本発明の栄養強化飼料を用いることで、生物餌料の生体中に高度不飽和脂肪酸が酸化されずに蓄積することができる。また本発明の栄養強化飼料を蓄積した生物餌料を水産系仔稚魚に給餌した場合、水産系仔稚魚中のドコサヘキサエン酸などの高度不飽和脂肪酸摂餌量が高くなり、その結果、著しく抵抗力が高くなるため仔稚魚の生存率、活力が上昇し効果的である。このように仔稚魚の生残率、活力を非常に効果的に高めるにもかかわらず、水質を汚染せず、比較的安価であり、養殖用栄養強化飼料として広く使用することができる。
【0030】
本発明の栄養強化飼料、および該栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料についても、対象となる家畜用動物の動物種、養殖魚の魚種については、限定されずいずれにおいても有効であり、脂質の酸化が防止され過酸化脂質の産生を防止し、嗜好性が向上し、健全でかつ成長促進効果を奏する栄養強化飼料を得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fortified feed containing yeast containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid, and a method of breeding livestock animals, cultured fish, and the like using the fortified feed.
Further, the present invention comprises a fortified feed containing yeast containing highly unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, a biological feed containing the fortified feed, and the fortified feed. For feed.
Further, the present invention provides a biological feed using the above-mentioned enriched feed, a method for enriching the feed, a biological feed storing the enriched feed of the present invention, or a livestock animal, aquaculture using the feed containing the enriched feed. The present invention relates to a breeding method for improving the survival rate and vitality of fish and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, are essential fatty acids necessary for the growth of larvae and larvae, and the larvae were fed biological feeds such as rotifer rotifers and artemia that lacked docosahexaenoic acid. In this case, it is known that the survival rate of the larvae and fry is reduced (see Non-Patent Document 1). Therefore, various feeds have been developed that enhance docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in biological feeds such as rotifers and artemia.
[0003]
As a conventional method of fortifying docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid, there is known a method of directly adding emulsified fish oil to an aquarium of a water rotifer (see Non-Patent Document 2). However, in this method, there is a problem of a culture tank and water pollution by oil, and a problem of oxidation of oil. It is known that highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are very easily oxidized. When this oxidized oil is given to fish, it causes muscular atrophy in freshwater and saltwater fish, and it has been suggested that abnormal fish (floating fish and edema fish) may occur frequently. The effect of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as those on lipid peroxides on fish has become a problem (see Non-Patent Document 3).
[0004]
A method of adding highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid to yeast by adding and culturing fish oil containing highly unsaturated fatty acids during culture of microorganisms such as baker's yeast (see Patent Documents 1 to 3, and Non-Patent Document 4), using a yeast residue eluted out of the cells by pH treatment or enzyme treatment of the water component in the yeast cells, and mixing and contacting with a hydrophobic substance such as a highly unsaturated fatty acid. Methods for incorporating unsaturated fatty acids into cells (see Patent Documents 4 to 5 and Non-Patent Document 5) have been developed. However, in some of these methods, the oil added to the yeast cell surface is attached to the surface of the yeast cell, and the effect of the oxide of the oil attached to the yeast cell surface and the deterioration of the water quality in the water tank are problematic. There are problems such as poor accumulation efficiency of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in water rotifers.
[0005]
As described above, conventionally known worms, worms such as Artemia, and feeds with a method for enriching highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in biological feeds such as artemia include docosahexaenoic acid in biological feeds. It is still in an undeveloped stage due to problems such as accumulation efficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid and deterioration of water quality in the aquarium. As a result, a fortified feed that can be effectively used for industrial applications is desired.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-54-105081 [Patent Document 2] JP-A 03-228652 [Patent Document 3] JP-A 04-88954 [Patent Document 4] JP-A 04-4033 [Patent Document 5] JP-A-08-243378 [Non-Patent Document 1] Journal of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, 44, 1109-1114 (1978)
[Non-patent document 2] Shimizu moth rotifer, edited by the Fisheries Society of Japan, Koseisha [Non-patent document 3] Journal of the Fisheries Society of Japan, 63, 71-84 (1997)
[Non-Patent Document 4] Journal of the Fisheries Society of Japan, 45, 955-959 (1979)
[Non-Patent Document 5] Food Industry, 9, 51-58 (1998)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has been made in order to meet the needs in the art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fortified feed containing yeast containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid. An object of the present invention is to provide a biological feed in which a fortified feed is accumulated and a feed containing the fortified feed. Also, by using a fortified feed containing yeast containing polyunsaturated fatty acids to feed a fortified biological feed and feed to livestock animals, farmed fish including larvae and fry, for example, the survival rate of larvae and fry Another object of the present invention is to provide a fortification method capable of improving vitality. The present invention has been made for the purpose of newly developing a better fortified feed and a better fortification method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have studied from various aspects, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, including highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid Attention was paid to yeasts of the genus Pichia in which the lipid mixture was contained in the cells.
[0009]
The present invention relates to a fortified feed comprising yeast containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid. That is, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, octadecatetraenoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, selected from the group of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid. The present invention relates to a fortified feed consisting of yeast obtained by culturing yeast using a lipid mixture containing one or more lipids as a medium, and transferring and accumulating the lipid mixture into yeast cells. The yeast may be, for example, yeast belonging to the genus Pichia, and examples thereof include Pichia methanolica, and among them, particularly, Pichia methanolica HA-32 strain (FERMP-32). 17802). The present invention relates to a feed for livestock animals, cultured fish and pets containing the enriched feed of the present invention. The present invention also relates to a biological feed in which the enriched feed of the present invention is accumulated in a living body of a biological feed such as a rotifer, rotifer, artemia and the like.
[0010]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a biological feed, in which the fortified feed of the present invention is accumulated in a living body of a biological feed such as a rotifer, rotifer and artemia, that is, a method for fortifying a biological feed. Furthermore, the present invention relates to breeding using feed for livestock animals, cultured fish and pets containing the enriched feed of the present invention. The present invention relates to a culture method for improving the survival rate and vitality of larvae and larvae by feeding a biological feed containing the enriched feed of the present invention to marine larvae and larvae.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention, as a result of various studies by the present inventors, by culturing in a medium using a lipid mixture containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid such as docosahexaenoic acid, only the target lipid in the yeast cells is superior. A yeast of the genus Pichia has been developed for incorporation. By ingesting the yeast containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid into a rotifer, which is a feed for larvae and larvae, it was newly found that polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid were accumulated abundantly in the rotifer. The invention has been conceived.
[0012]
The yeast used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be any yeast having the ability to transfer and accumulate lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast cells. The yeast has a total lipid content of 5% by weight or more based on the dry cell weight, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid content of 5% by weight or more in the total lipid content. More preferably, the total lipid content in the dry cell weight is 10% by weight. % Or more, and the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the total lipid is more than 20% by weight. Further, any yeast can be used as long as the efficiency of accumulating highly unsaturated fatty acids in the living body of a biological feed such as the rotifer, rotifer, rotifer and artemia of the present invention is increased. In other words, any yeast that has a high ability to retain lipids such as highly unsaturated fatty acids after transferring and accumulating the lipids in the yeast cells can be used. For example, yeast belonging to the genus Pichia can be mentioned. Examples of the yeast belonging to the genus Pichia include, for example, Pichia methanolica, Pichia membrane faciliens, Pichia pinus, and Pichia pastis Site (Pichia saitoi) and the like. Further, Pichia methanolica (Pichia methanolica), Pichia pinus (Pichia pinus), which is a yeast that can be used for food and feed as a microbial cell protein (SCP), is preferable. Any Pichia genus having the ability to transfer and accumulate in yeast cells can be used. For example, strains such as Pichia methanolica IFO1909 and IFO10704 are preferable in terms of the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulated and the growth of yeast itself. These strains have been deposited with IFO and ATCC under accession numbers, and are all available from publicly-known distribution agencies and corporations. Alternatively, a microorganism named Pichia methanolica HA-32 and deposited at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Organism Depositary, as FERMP-17802, may be used. The bacteriological properties of the strain Pichia methanolica isolated by the inventors from soil are described below.
[0013]
1. Observations were made in each medium below the growth state in each medium.
(1) Yeast malt agar medium Milky white colonies were formed in about 24 hours of culture, and there was no pseudohypha. Also. Form hat-shaped ascospores.
(2) Yeast malt liquid medium shows good growth in about 24 hours. No germ film formed.
[0014]
2. Morphological Properties, Sugar Fermentability, Utilization of Carbon Source, Utilization of Nitrogen, Growth, Physiological Properties Physiological properties, morphological properties, sugar fermentability, Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the results of examining the availability of carbon source, the availability of nitrogen, and the growth potential.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004147620
[0016]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004147620
[0017]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004147620
[0018]
From the physiological properties, morphological properties, sugar fermentability, availability of carbon source, and utilization of nitrogen in each medium, the strain has characteristics characteristic of the genus Pichia. Thought to belong to. Therefore, this strain was further transformed into A. Barnett et. al. , Yeasts: characteristics and identification, Cambridge University Press. Comparison of the mycological properties with the known genus Pichia according to P505, 1990 revealed that they were very similar to Pichia methanolica. From this, this strain was identified as Pichia methanolica. As the strain, a strain isolated from the soil by the present inventors can also be used. In the present invention, mutants of the above strains can also be used. The mutant strain is obtained by treatment with radiation such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, or a chemical mutagen (eg, NTG).
[0019]
In culturing the yeast containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid of the present invention, for example, a medium for culturing the genus Pichia is desirably one in which the yeast grows well and can contain the desired lipid. Particularly, as the carbon source, for example, glucose, galactose, sucrose and the like can be mentioned. The addition amount of the carbon source is preferably 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the medium, and more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by weight. In addition, the nitrogen source of the above-mentioned medium is preferably a yeast extract, but a natural nitrogen source such as corn stib liquor, soybean protein and milk casein, an organic nitrogen source such as urea, and an inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are used in combination. It can also be used. The addition amount of the nitrogen source is desirably 0.05 to 50.0% by weight of the medium, preferably 2.0 to 30.0% by weight. In addition to these carbon sources and nitrogen sources, factors that cause bacterial cells to take up fats and oils in large amounts include choline vitamins and potassium dihydrogen phosphate inorganic salts. The amount of these additives is preferably 0.1 to 20.0% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight. Furthermore, browning substances may be mentioned as factors that cause a large amount of lipids such as highly unsaturated fatty acids to be taken into the cells of the yeast. The browning substance contained in the medium is preferably a mixture containing one or more selected from browning substances of an Amadori compound, 3-deoxyosones, furfurals, pyralin, and melanoidin based on an aminocarbonyl reaction. . The browning substance dissolves carbon sources such as glucose, galactose and ribose, and medium components such as yeast extract, soy protein, nitrogen sources such as free amino acids, vitamins such as choline, and inorganic salts such as dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. Thereafter, the pH can be adjusted to an alkaline side with sodium hydroxide or the like, and the mixture can be produced in a culture medium by heat sterilization. In addition, the pH is adjusted to an alkaline side in advance, the heating temperature is set to 60 ° C. or higher, or a method of coexisting metal ions such as iron and copper, and the browning substance adjusted from the carbon source and the nitrogen source is added to the medium. , Can also be used. The content of the browning substance in the medium is represented by O.D. D. The absorbance at 420 nm is 1 or more, preferably 5.0 to 10.0. Further, if necessary, other inorganic salts such as magnesium sulfate and potassium hydrogen phosphate and trace elements such as vitamins can be added to such an extent that the growth of the yeast is not inhibited.
[0020]
The lipid mixture containing highly unsaturated fatty acids to be added to the medium includes α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, octadecatetraenoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaene. Preferably, the lipid mixture is a combination of a lipid mixture containing 5% by weight or more of one or more selected from the group of fatty acids such as acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The lipid in the lipid mixture may be any of natural products and / or synthetic products. Can be used. The lipid mixture is preferably a free fatty acid or a fatty acid salt thereof, or a glyceride thereof or a lower alcohol ester thereof can be used in combination. The glyceride of the lipid mixture is desirably triglyceride, monoglyceride, phospholipid and the like, the fatty acid salt is desirably sodium salt and calcium salt, and the lower alcohol ester is desirably methyl ester and ethyl ester. Further, the time when the lipid mixture is added to the medium may be during the culture, but is more preferably before the start of the culture. The amount of the lipid mixture is preferably 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the medium, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by weight. The culturing conditions are usually performed by shaking culturing or aeration and stirring culturing in a liquid medium of the above-mentioned medium components, and the culturing temperature is desirably 20 to 30 ° C. The initial pH of the medium is suitably 5.0 to 8.0, and the culture time is suitably 2 to 7 days. The culture solution of the yeast may be used as a fortified feed as it is, but since the remaining fat-soluble components may stain the farm, etc., generally, a filtration method and a centrifugation method are used from the culture solution. Use yeast cells that have accumulated highly unsaturated fatty acids in a high concentration by a conventional method such as filtration with a filter, and wash the cell surface with water, an aqueous solution containing a surfactant, ethanol, etc. Is preferred. Further, if necessary, the cells are dried by a method such as freeze-drying or air-drying, and the dried cells can be used.
[0021]
The present invention relates to a fortified feed containing yeast containing the above-mentioned polyunsaturated fatty acid, and to a method for fortifying feed and biological feed using the fortified feed. The fortified feed of the present invention contains at least a yeast containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid, and also has the meaning of a yeast containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid alone. That is, the fortified feed of the present invention may be yeast containing polyunsaturated fatty acids as it is, or may be a mixture with additives, and is subjected to processing such as drying, freezing, powdering, freeze-drying, heating, and sterilization. The form of use, the method of use, the time of use, and the like may be appropriately changed depending on the intended livestock animal, farmed fish, breeding method, growth period, and the like. The yeast contained in the fortified product of the present invention has a total lipid content of 5% by weight or more based on the dry cell weight, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid content of 5% by weight or more in the total lipid. It is more preferable that the total lipid content in the dry cell weight is 10% by weight or more, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total lipids is 20% by weight or more. When the total lipid content in yeast and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in total lipids are less than 5% by weight, fortification by eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, etc. of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is an effect when administered to a biological feed or feed. May be insufficient. On the other hand, when the total amount of lipids in the dry cell weight is 10% by weight or more and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total lipids is 20% by weight or more, sufficient fortification can be achieved.
[0022]
The enriched feed of the present invention may be a chicken, a turkey, a cow, a pig, a horse, a sheep, as the enriched feed as it is, as a biological feed containing the enriched feed, and / or as a feed containing the enriched feed. It can be used as feed and feed for livestock animals such as goats, marine and freshwater farmed fish, and pets. Also, it can be bred as the feed and feed.
The feed containing the fortified feed of the present invention may be a feed mixed with a fortified feed containing yeast containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid together with a compounded feed, and may be a mixed feed, such as fish meal, soybean meal, wheat gluten, and starch. Compound feed materials can be used and are not particularly limited. The method of producing the feed containing the enriched feed of the present invention may be any feed production process, and the timing of addition of the enriched feed containing yeast containing polyunsaturated fatty acids is not particularly limited. In the case of moist pellets, for example, the necessary amount may be added at the time of mixing with raw bait, and in the case of dry pellets, the necessary amount may be added in the step of mixing raw materials before molding by an extruder. Alternatively, a method in which an additive such as sodium alginate is used for the pellet to adhere to the surface may be used.
[0023]
A biological feed that accumulates a fortified feed containing yeast containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid of the present invention is a rotifer, such as a rotifer, Artemia, tigliopaths, moina, oyster larvae that accumulate the fortified feed of the present invention. Biological feed such as daphnia. The method for producing the biological feed of the present invention, that is, the method and amount of addition of the enriched feed of the present invention are not particularly limited, and may be carried out according to a conventional method while observing the growth status of the biological feed. When culturing the biological feed, a marine chlorella is used in combination with a fortified feed containing a yeast containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid of the present invention, or a monoculture of a yeast containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid, or a high-density culture of the biological feed A production method by a fortification method used in ordinary aquaculture such as a secondary culture in a yeast containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid later is applied. Furthermore, the method of feeding and breeding the cultured fish using the biological feed of the present invention includes a method of cultivating or releasing the biological feed of the present invention (marine: red sea bream, black porgy, flounder, tiger puffer, shrimp, octopus, yellowtail, etc.). , Freshwater: sweetfish, yamame, char, amago, eel, smelt, etc.). An object of the present invention is to provide a fortified feed for a biological feed that accumulates yeast belonging to the genus Pichia containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid in a biological feed, thereby improving the survival rate and vitality of larvae and larvae. Yes, it does not limit the method of fortification.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples. The content of docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid in the examples indicates the total content of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.
Embodiment 1
Preparation of cultured oil and yeast: 1.2 L of a medium (pH 6.5) containing 5% of glucose, 2% of yeast extract, 0.5% of choline, and 1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was heat-sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. 3% of free fatty acid (component: docosahexenoic acid purity in total lipid: 26% by weight) was added, and Pichia methanolica HA-32 was inoculated, and cultured at 25 ° C for 3 days. After completion of the culture, the cells were separated by centrifugation to obtain the enriched feed of the present invention.
The obtained cells were sufficiently washed with ethanol and water, and dried by freeze-drying. Subsequently, the dried cells were sonicated, and lipids were extracted by the Bright-Dyer method using a chloroform / methanol / water-based solvent. The extracted lipid was examined for the total lipid amount. Subsequently, the obtained lipid was subjected to methyl esterification by the hydrochloric acid-methanol method, and the purity of docosahexaenoic acid (% by weight) and the purity of eicosapentaenoic acid (% by weight) in the total lipid were determined by gas chromatography.
The results are shown in Table 4. A yeast having a high total lipid amount per dried cell weight, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents was obtained.
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004147620
[0026]
Embodiment 2
The yeast obtained in Example 1 was used to fortify the rotifer, which is a biological feed. The rotifer was previously cultured with concentrated freshwater chlorella, and the density of the rotifer was adjusted to 8 × 10 6/10 L. 4.5 g / 10 L of the cultured oleaginous yeast (total lipid content: 25% by weight, docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid content: 8.5% by weight) was added to the water tank in which the rotifer density was adjusted, and the rotifer was cultured for 6 hours. And fortified. In addition, a commercially available rotifer-enriched feed (total lipid content: 60% by weight, docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid content: 28% by weight) fed 1.3 g / 10 L was used as a control. The rotifers after the nutrition fortification test were collected and the total lipid content, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid contents in the rotifer were determined.
[0027]
As a result, as shown in Table 5, although the lipid content and the docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid content were equivalent to those of the commercial feed to the rotifer, the addition of the cultured oleaginous yeast increased the docosahexaenoic acid + A rotifer with high eicosapentaenoic acid content was prepared. Also, there was no problem regarding water pollution in the water tank. Furthermore, as a result of feeding the prepared rotifer rotifer with high docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid content to the larvae and larvae of the bream, the larvae of the larvae of the bream were compared with the control rotifer rotifer prepared only with freshwater chlorella. Improvements in the remaining rate and vitality were recognized.
[0028]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004147620
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The conventional fortified feed is not efficient in accumulating polyunsaturated fatty acids in the biological feed, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fortified feed are easily oxidized and contaminate the water in the aquarium. was there. However, by using the fortified feed of the present invention, highly unsaturated fatty acids can be accumulated in the living body of a biological feed without being oxidized. In addition, when a biological feed containing the enriched feed of the present invention is fed to marine larvae and juveniles, the intake of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid in the marine larvae and juveniles increases, and as a result, the resistance is significantly reduced. It is effective to increase the survival rate and vitality of larvae and larvae. Although the survival rate and vitality of the larvae and larvae are very effectively improved, they do not pollute the water quality, are relatively inexpensive, and can be widely used as nutrient-enriched feed for aquaculture.
[0030]
The enriched feed of the present invention, and the feed containing the enriched feed, the target animal species of livestock animals, fish species of farmed fish are not limited, and are effective in any case, lipid oxidation is effective It is possible to obtain a fortified feed that is prevented from producing lipid peroxide, improves palatability, is healthy and has a growth promoting effect.

Claims (9)

高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有する酵母を含む栄養強化飼料。A fortified feed containing yeast containing highly unsaturated fatty acids. α−リノレン酸、γ−リノレン酸、オクタデカテトラエン酸、ジホモ−γ−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸などから選ばれた1種またはそれ以上である高度不飽和脂肪酸を含む脂質混合物を含有する培地で酵母を培養することにより、該脂質を酵母菌体内に含有せしめることにより得られる酵母を含む栄養強化飼料。α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, octadecatetraenoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, an advanced one or more selected from docosahexaenoic acid and the like A nutrient-enriched feed containing yeast obtained by culturing yeast in a medium containing a lipid mixture containing unsaturated fatty acids to allow the lipid to be contained in yeast cells. 請求項1〜2いずれか1項記載の酵母が、ピヒア(Pichia)属である栄養強化飼料。A fortified feed, wherein the yeast according to any one of claims 1 to 2 is of the genus Pichia. 請求項3記載のピヒア(Pichia)属の酵母がピヒア・メタノリカ(Pichia methanolica)である栄養強化飼料。A fortified feed, wherein the yeast belonging to the genus Pichia according to claim 3 is Pichia methanolica. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の栄養強化飼料を含有してなる家畜動物、養殖魚およびペット用の飼料。A feed for livestock animals, cultured fish and pets, comprising the enriched feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 栄養強化飼料を、シオミズツボワムシ、ワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料の生体内に蓄積せしめることにより得られる請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の栄養強化飼料を含む生物餌料。A biological feed comprising the fortified feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is obtained by accumulating the fortified feed in a living body such as a rotifer, rotifer, rotifer or artemia. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の栄養強化飼料を、シオミズツボワムシ、ワムシ、アルテミアなどの生物餌料に生体内に蓄積せしめてなる生物餌料の製造方法。A method for producing a biological feed, wherein the fortified feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is accumulated in a biological feed such as a rotifer, rotifer, artemia or the like in a living body. 請求項5項記載の栄養強化飼料を含有する飼料を用いてなる家畜動物、養殖魚およびペットの飼育。A breeding of livestock animals, farmed fish and pets using a feed containing the enriched feed according to claim 5. 請求項6項記載の栄養強化飼料を蓄積する生物餌料を水産系仔稚魚に給餌してなる養殖方法。An aquaculture method comprising feeding a biological feed that accumulates the enriched feed according to claim 6 to marine larvae and juveniles.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007053967A (en) * 2005-08-24 2007-03-08 Oriental Yeast Co Ltd Fodder for enriching taurine in animal fodder
JP2011142854A (en) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-28 Kinki Univ Living feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder
KR101396180B1 (en) * 2013-08-07 2014-05-20 김영선 Method for controlling harmful algae using daphnia pulex growth cage
KR20150119562A (en) * 2014-04-15 2015-10-26 경기도 A method for rearing freshwater mandarin fish through domestication thereof
CN106035158A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-26 苏州福德龙水产养殖有限公司 Nuisance-free myxocyprinus asiaticus breeding method
WO2017159461A1 (en) 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 株式会社カネカ Feed composition, method for manufacturing zooplankton, zooplankton, and zooplankton growth promoter and survival rate enhancer

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007053967A (en) * 2005-08-24 2007-03-08 Oriental Yeast Co Ltd Fodder for enriching taurine in animal fodder
JP2011142854A (en) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-28 Kinki Univ Living feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder
KR101396180B1 (en) * 2013-08-07 2014-05-20 김영선 Method for controlling harmful algae using daphnia pulex growth cage
KR20150119562A (en) * 2014-04-15 2015-10-26 경기도 A method for rearing freshwater mandarin fish through domestication thereof
KR101583011B1 (en) * 2014-04-15 2016-01-08 경기도 A method for rearing freshwater mandarin fish through domestication thereof
WO2017159461A1 (en) 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 株式会社カネカ Feed composition, method for manufacturing zooplankton, zooplankton, and zooplankton growth promoter and survival rate enhancer
CN106035158A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-26 苏州福德龙水产养殖有限公司 Nuisance-free myxocyprinus asiaticus breeding method

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