JP2011142854A - Living feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder - Google Patents
Living feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ヒラメ飼育用生物餌料及びヒラメ飼育方法に関する。更に詳しくは本発明は、ヒラメの飼育において腹面黒化等の不具合を有効に防止し得るヒラメ飼育用生物餌料と、このヒラメ飼育用生物餌料を投与して行うヒラメ飼育方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a flounder breeding biological feed and a flounder breeding method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a flounder breeding biological feed that can effectively prevent problems such as abdominal blackening in flounder breeding, and a flounder breeding method performed by administering this flounder breeding biological feed.
近年、ワムシ、アルテミア等の生物餌料の栄養強化方法の研究・開発を背景に、各種水産動物の養殖技術が発展し、食用魚全体に占める養殖魚の割合が高くなってきている。 In recent years, aquaculture techniques for various aquatic animals have been developed against the background of research and development of nutrient enhancement methods for biological feeds such as rotifers and artemia, and the proportion of cultured fish in the total edible fish has increased.
例えば、ワムシやアルテミア等を、エイコサペンタエン酸（ＥＰＡ）やドコサヘキサエン酸（ＤＨＡ）等のｎ３系高度不飽和脂肪酸が増えるように栄養強化すると、養殖魚の生残率の向上等に有効であることが分かっている。 For example, it is effective to improve the survival rate of farmed fish when fortifying rotifers, artemia, etc. so that n3 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increase. I know it.
しかし、本願発明者の研究によれば、ｎ３系高度不飽和脂肪酸の増加のみに注力した現在の栄養強化法は、少なくともヒラメの体色異常の発生という問題に対して必ずしも有効ではない。ヒラメの体色異常とは、本来は白色を呈するべき腹面が黒色を呈する「腹面黒化」や、本来は黒色を呈するべき背面が白色を呈する「背面白化」をいう。かかる体色異常はヒラメの市場価値を著しく低下させるものであり、とりわけ腹面黒化が重大な問題であると考えられる。 However, according to the study of the present inventor, the current nutritional enhancement method that focuses only on the increase of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is not always effective at least for the problem of occurrence of flounder color abnormalities. The flounder body color abnormality refers to “abdominal surface blackening” in which the abdominal surface which should originally exhibit white color is black, or “back surface whitening” in which the back surface which should originally exhibit black color is white. Such abnormal body color significantly reduces the market value of Japanese flounder, and in particular, it is considered that abdominal blackening is a serious problem.
従来、養殖魚を対象とした配合飼料あるいは生物餌料に関しては下記「特許文献１」〜「特許文献３」に例示される多数の公知文献が存在する。しかしこれらの公知文献において、ヒラメの体色異常、特に腹面黒化を有効に解決できる十分な提案は開示されていない。 Conventionally, there are many known documents exemplified in the following “Patent Document 1” to “Patent Document 3” regarding a mixed feed or a biological feed for cultured fish. However, these known documents do not disclose sufficient proposals that can effectively solve flounder color abnormalities, particularly abdominal blackening.
以上の従来技術状況から、本発明は、ヒラメ仔稚魚の良好な成育等の本来の目的を達成できると共にヒラメの体色異常、特に腹面黒化の発生を有効に抑制できるヒラメ飼育用生物餌料と、このヒラメ飼育用生物餌料を投与して行うヒラメ飼育方法を提供することを、解決すべき技術的課題とする。 From the above prior art situation, the present invention can achieve the original purpose such as good growth of flounder larvae, and can effectively suppress the occurrence of abnormal color of the flounder, particularly abdominal blackening, It is a technical problem to be solved to provide a flounder breeding method performed by administering the flounder breeding biological feed.
（第１発明の構成）
上記課題を解決するための第１発明の構成は、下記の（１）及び（２）の内のいずれか１以上の条件を満たすように栄養強化されたワムシを有効成分とするヒラメ飼育用生物餌料である。
(Configuration of the first invention)
The structure of 1st invention for solving the said subject is the organism for raising flounder which uses as an active ingredient the rotifer which was fortified so that one or more conditions of any of following (1) and (2) may be satisfy | filled It is a feed.
（１）脂肪含量が１０．５〜１１．５重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。 (1) The fat content is in the range of 10.5 to 11.5% by weight dm.
（２）含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が１０〜１５％の範囲内である。 (2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 10 to 15%.
（第２発明の構成）
上記課題を解決するための第２発明の構成は、第１発明に記載のワムシであって、グルカン及び／又はブドウポリフェノールを添加して栄養強化されたワムシを有効成分とするヒラメ飼育用生物餌料である。
(Configuration of the second invention)
The constitution of the second invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a biological feed for raising flounder, comprising the rotifer as described in the first invention, wherein the rotifer is fortified by adding glucan and / or grape polyphenol. It is.
（第３発明の構成）
上記課題を解決するための第３発明の構成は、下記の（１）〜（３）の内のいずれか１以上の条件を満たすように栄養強化されたアルテミアを有効成分とするヒラメ飼育用生物餌料である。
(Configuration of the third invention)
The structure of the 3rd invention for solving the said subject is the organism for breeding flounder which uses the artemia strengthened so that it may satisfy | fills any one or more conditions in following (1)-(3) as an active ingredient It is a feed.
（１）脂肪含量が２２〜２６重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。 (1) The fat content is in the range of 22 to 26% by weight dm.
（２）含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が４０〜４４％の範囲内である。 (2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 40 to 44%.
（３）含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１０〜１２％の範囲内である。 (3) The composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 10 to 12%.
（第４発明の構成）
上記課題を解決するための第４発明の構成は、第３発明に記載のアルテミアであって、グルカン及び／又はブドウポリフェノールを添加して栄養強化されたアルテミアを有効成分とするヒラメ飼育用生物餌料である。
(Configuration of the fourth invention)
The composition of the 4th invention for solving the said subject is the artemia as described in the 3rd invention, Comprising: Artemia which added the glucan and / or grape polyphenol, and used the artemia strengthened by the nutrient as an active ingredient It is.
（第５発明の構成）
上記課題を解決するための第５発明の構成は、ヒラメ仔稚魚に対して下記（ａ）及び／又は（ｂ）のヒラメ飼育用生物餌料を投与するヒラメ飼育方法である。
(Structure of the fifth invention)
The structure of the 5th invention for solving the said subject is the flounder breeding method which administers the biological feed for flounder breeding of the following (a) and / or (b) with respect to a flounder larvae.
（ａ）第１発明又は第２発明に記載のヒラメ飼育用生物餌料。 (A) A biological feed for raising flounder according to the first or second invention.
（ｂ）第３発明又は第４発明に記載のヒラメ飼育用生物餌料。 (B) The biological feed for raising flounder according to the third or fourth invention.
（第６発明の構成）
上記課題を解決するための第６発明の構成は、生物餌料の投与終了時においてヒラメ魚体が下記（１）〜（３）の内のいずれか１以上の条件を満たすことを指標としてヒラメの飼育を行うヒラメ飼育方法である。
(Structure of the sixth invention)
The structure of the sixth invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is that flounder is raised by using as an index that a flounder fish meets one or more of the following conditions (1) to (3) at the end of administration of a biological feed: This is a flounder breeding method.
（１）魚体の脂肪含有量が８〜１０重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。 (1) The fat content of the fish body is in the range of 8 to 10% by weight dm.
（２）魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が３４．５〜３５．５％の範囲内である。 (2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the fish body is in the range of 34.5 to 35.5%.
（３）魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１５〜１６％の範囲内である。 (3) The composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the fish body is in the range of 15 to 16%.
第１発明に係るワムシを有効成分とする生物餌料や、第３発明に係るアルテミアを有効成分とする生物餌料の投与により、ヒラメの体色異常、特に腹面黒化の発現率が減少し、仔稚魚の良好な成育及び生残率も維持できる。 By administration of a biological feed containing the rotifer according to the first invention as an active ingredient or a biological feed containing the artemia as an active ingredient according to the third invention, the incidence of flounder color abnormalities, particularly abdominal blackening, is reduced. Good growth and survival rate of fry can be maintained.
特に上記のワムシ、アルテミアが第２発明、第４発明に規定するように特定の物質を添加して栄養強化されたものである場合には、腹面黒化の発現率が更に減少する。 In particular, when the above-mentioned rotifer and artemia are fortified by adding a specific substance as defined in the second and fourth inventions, the incidence of abdominal blackening is further reduced.
これらの生物餌料は、好ましくは第５発明の方法に従って投与することができる。 These biological feeds can be preferably administered according to the method of the fifth invention.
一方、第６発明に規定する指標値を満たすようにヒラメの飼育を行うと、結果的に腹面黒化の発現率が有効に減少する。 On the other hand, when the flounder is reared so as to satisfy the index value defined in the sixth invention, as a result, the incidence of abdominal surface blackening effectively decreases.
次に本発明の実施形態を、その最良の形態を含めて説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described including the best mode.
〔ヒラメ飼育用生物餌料〕
本発明に係るヒラメ飼育用生物餌料は、それぞれ特定の条件を満たすように栄養強化された、ワムシを有効成分とする生物餌料及びアルテミアを有効成分とする生物餌料である。
[Biofeed for flounder breeding]
The flounder breeding biological feed according to the present invention is a biological feed containing a rotifer as an active ingredient and a biological feed containing artemia as an active ingredient, which are fortified so as to satisfy specific conditions.
（ワムシを有効成分とする生物餌料）
本発明に係るワムシを有効成分とする第１の生物餌料（以下、これを「ワムシ系の第１生物餌料」とも呼ぶ）は、下記の（１）及び（２）の内のいずれか一方の条件を満たすように栄養強化されたワムシからなり、特に好ましくは下記の（１）及び（２）の双方の条件を満たすように栄養強化されたワムシからなる生物餌料であり、又はこのようなワムシを含む適宜な餌料組成物である。
(Bio feed containing rotifer as an active ingredient)
The first biological feed comprising the rotifer according to the present invention as an active ingredient (hereinafter, also referred to as “first rotiferous biological feed”) is either one of the following (1) and (2) It is a biological feed comprising a rotifer that has been fortified to satisfy the conditions, and particularly preferably a rotifer that has been fortified to satisfy both of the following conditions (1) and (2): Is an appropriate feed composition.
（１）脂肪含量が１０．５〜１１．５重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。 (1) The fat content is in the range of 10.5 to 11.5% by weight dm.
（２）含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が１０〜１５％の範囲内である。 (2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 10 to 15%.
上記（１）の脂肪含量は、より好ましくは１０．８〜１１．２重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。上記（２）の組成比は、より好ましくは１１〜１３％の範囲内である。 The fat content of (1) is more preferably in the range of 10.8 to 11.2% by weight dm. The composition ratio (2) is more preferably in the range of 11 to 13%.
ワムシを上記のように栄養強化する方法は特に限定されないが、例えばシゾキトリウム属の植物プランクトンをワムシに摂食させる方法が好ましい。上記植物プランクトンとしては、例えば脂肪含量が３５．２％程度で脂肪酸中のＤＨＡの組成比が４９．６％程度のものを用いることができる。 Although the method for fortifying rotifers as described above is not particularly limited, for example, a method of feeding rotifers with phytoplankton belonging to the genus Schizochytrium is preferable. As the phytoplankton, for example, those having a fat content of about 35.2% and a composition ratio of DHA in the fatty acid of about 49.6% can be used.
ワムシに対する上記植物プランクトンの投与量は特に限定されないが、その投与量によりワムシやアルテミアの脂肪含有量、脂肪酸組成に差を生じ、かつ、それらの生物餌料を投与したヒラメの成長度にも差異を生じる可能性がある。但し、実施例において後述するように、現状における植物プランクトンの通常の推奨投与量（１回あたり２Ｌ／ＫＬ培養水：ワムシ密度１０００個体／ｍｌ）を投与した生物餌料でヒラメを飼育すると腹面黒化の発現率が高い傾向があり、その半量程度の植物プランクトンの投与が好ましい。 The dose of the above phytoplankton to rotifers is not particularly limited, but the dose causes differences in the fat content and fatty acid composition of rotifers and artemia, and there is also a difference in the growth of flounder administered with these biological feeds. It can happen. However, as will be described later in the Examples, when the flounder is reared with a biological feed administered with the usual recommended dose of phytoplankton (2 L / KL culture water: 1000 rotifer density per ml) at present, the abdominal surface becomes darker. Is likely to have a high expression rate, and administration of about half of the amount of phytoplankton is preferred.
本発明に係るワムシを有効成分とする第２の生物餌料（以下、これを「ワムシ系の第２生物餌料」とも呼ぶ）は、上記したワムシ系の第１生物餌料に係るワムシであって、かつ、グルカンとブドウポリフェノールとの少なくとも一方を添加して栄養強化されているワムシからなる生物餌料であり、又はこのようなワムシを含む適宜な餌料組成物である。 The 2nd biological feed which uses the rotifer which concerns on this invention as an active ingredient (henceforth "the 2nd biological feed of a rotifer system") is a rotifer which concerns on the 1st biological feed of a rotifer system mentioned above, And it is a biological feed which consists of a rotifer which is fortified by adding at least one of glucan and grape polyphenol, or a suitable feed composition containing such a rotifer.
グルカンの種類は必ずしも限定されないが、パン酵母由来β−１，３／１，６−グルカンを好ましく例示することができる。ブドウポリフェノールの種類も必ずしも限定されないが、ブドウ種子抽出ポリフェノールを好ましく例示することができる。 Although the kind of glucan is not necessarily limited, β-1,3 / 1,6-glucan derived from baker's yeast can be preferably exemplified. Although the kind of grape polyphenol is not necessarily limited, grape seed extraction polyphenol can be illustrated preferably.
グルカンとブドウポリフェノールは上記した栄養強化用の植物プランクトンに対して、例えば３ｇ／１０００ｇワムシ湿重量程度に添加することが好ましい。グルカンとブドウポリフェノールはいずれか一方のみを使用することもできるが、両者の併用が特に好ましい。併用する場合は、グルカン１０重量部：ブドウポリフェノール１重量部程度の重量比とすることが好ましい。 It is preferable to add glucan and grape polyphenol to the above-described phytoplankton for enrichment of nutrients, for example, at a wet weight of about 3 g / 1000 g. Only one of glucan and grape polyphenol can be used, but the combination of both is particularly preferred. When used in combination, the weight ratio is preferably about 10 parts by weight of glucan to about 1 part by weight of grape polyphenol.
（アルテミアを有効成分とする生物餌料）
本発明に係るアルテミアを有効成分とする第１の生物餌料（以下、これを「アルテミア系の第１生物餌料」とも呼ぶ）は、下記（１）〜（３）の内のいずれか一つの条件を満たすように栄養強化されたアルテミアからなり、特に好ましくは下記（１）〜（３）の内のいずれか二つの条件を満たすように栄養強化されたアルテミアからなり、とりわけ好ましくは下記（１）〜（３）の全ての条件を満たすように栄養強化されたアルテミアからなる生物餌料であり、又はこのようなアルテミアを含む適宜な餌料組成物である。
(Bio feed containing Artemia as an active ingredient)
The first biological feed comprising the artemia according to the present invention as an active ingredient (hereinafter also referred to as “artemia-based first biological feed”) is any one of the following conditions (1) to (3): It is made of Artemia that is fortified so as to satisfy the requirements, particularly preferably Artemia that is fortified to satisfy any two of the following conditions (1) to (3), and particularly preferably the following (1) It is the biological feed which consists of artemia fortified so that all the conditions of (3) may be satisfy | filled, or it is a suitable feed composition containing such artemia.
（１）脂肪含量が２２〜２６重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。 (1) The fat content is in the range of 22 to 26% by weight dm.
（２）含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が４０〜４４％の範囲内である。 (2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 40 to 44%.
（３）含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１０〜１２％の範囲内である。 (3) The composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 10 to 12%.
上記（１）の脂肪含量は、より好ましくは２３〜２５％ｄｍの範囲内である。上記（２）の組成比は、より好ましくは４１．５〜４２．５％の範囲内である。上記（３）の組成比は、より好ましくは１０．５〜１１．５％の範囲内である。 The fat content of (1) is more preferably in the range of 23-25% dm. The composition ratio (2) is more preferably in the range of 41.5 to 42.5%. The composition ratio (3) is more preferably in the range of 10.5 to 11.5%.
アルテミアを上記のように栄養強化する方法、「アルテミアを含む適宜な餌料組成物」の意味に関しては、上記のワムシの場合と同様である。 As to the method for fortifying artemia as described above and the meaning of “appropriate food composition containing artemia”, it is the same as in the case of the above-mentioned rotifer.
本発明に係るアルテミアを有効成分とする第２の生物餌料（以下、これを「アルテミア系の第２生物餌料」とも呼ぶ）は、上記のアルテミア系の第１生物餌料に係るアルテミアであって、かつグルカンとブドウポリフェノールとの少なくとも一方を添加して栄養強化されているアルテミアからなる生物餌料であり、又はこのようなアルテミアを含む適宜な餌料組成物である。 The second biological feed comprising the artemia according to the present invention as an active ingredient (hereinafter also referred to as “artemia-based second biological feed”) is the artemia related to the above-mentioned artemia-based first biological feed, In addition, it is a biological feed made of Artemia that is enriched by adding at least one of glucan and grape polyphenol, or an appropriate feed composition containing such Artemia.
〔ヒラメ飼育方法〕
本発明に係るヒラメ飼育方法は、ヒラメ仔稚魚に対して上記したワムシ系の生物餌料、及び／又は、アルテミア系の生物餌料を投与する方法である。
[Flounder breeding method]
The flounder breeding method according to the present invention is a method of administering the above-mentioned rotifer-based biological feed and / or artemia-based biological feed to larvae and larvae.
ワムシ系の生物餌料及びアルテミア系の生物餌料について、それぞれ第１生物餌料を用いることも好ましいが、それぞれの第２生物餌料を用いることが、ヒラメの腹面黒化の発現率を低減させる上で更に好ましい。 It is also preferable to use the first biological feed for the rotifer biological feed and the artemia biological feed, respectively. However, the use of the respective second biological feed further reduces the incidence of flounder abdominal blackening. preferable.
ヒラメ飼育方法においてワムシとアルテミアを併用投与する場合、ワムシ系の第１又は第２生物餌料を通常のアルテミアと併用し、あるいはアルテミア系の第１又は第２生物餌料を通常のワムシと併用しても、ヒラメの腹面黒化の発現率減少、仔稚魚の良好な成育及び生残率等の効果を期待できる。しかし、ワムシとアルテミアの双方について、ワムシ系の第１又は第２生物餌料とアルテミア系の第１又は第２生物餌料を併用投与することが好ましく、とりわけ、ワムシ系の第２生物餌料とアルテミア系の第２生物餌料を併用投与することが好ましい。 When rotifer and artemia are administered in combination in the flounder breeding method, rotifer type first or second biological feed is used in combination with normal artemia, or artemia type first or second biological feed is used in combination with normal rotifer In addition, effects such as a decrease in the incidence of flounder abdominal blackening, good growth and survival rate of larvae can be expected. However, for both rotifers and artemia, it is preferable to administer the first or second biological feed of the rotifer and the first or second biological feed of the artemia, in particular, the second biological feed of the rotifer and the artemia. It is preferable to administer the second biological feed.
ワムシ系の第１又は第２生物餌料とアルテミア系の第１又は第２生物餌料を併用投与するに当たり、それらの投与スケジュールは特に限定されない。しかし、一般的には、以下の投与スケジュールに従うことが好ましい。 In co-administering the first or second biological feed of the rotifer and the first or second biological feed of the artemia, their administration schedule is not particularly limited. In general, however, it is preferred to follow the following administration schedule.
（１）基本的に、ワムシ系生物餌料の投与期間を先行させ、その投与期間の終了前にアルテミア系生物餌料の投与期間を開始する。 (1) Basically, the administration period of the rotifer biological feed is preceded, and the administration period of the artemia biological feed is started before the end of the administration period.
（２）ワムシ系生物餌料の投与期間の開始時期は受精卵の孵化後数日を経過した時点とし、投与期間の終了時期はアルテミア系生物餌料の投与開始時点の２週間後程度とする。 (2) The start period of the administration period of the rotifer biological feed is the time when several days have passed after the hatching of the fertilized egg, and the end of the administration period is about two weeks after the start of the administration of the artemia biological feed.
（３）アルテミア系の第１又は第２生物餌料の投与期間は、ヒラメ仔稚魚がアルテミアを摂食可能になったと判断される時点、例えば孵化後２〜３週間を経過した時点から開始し、その投与期間中に配合飼料の投与を開始すると共に、配合飼料の投与開始から２〜３週間を経過した時点でアルテミア系生物餌料の投与期間を終了する。 (3) The administration period of the artemia-based first or second biological feed starts from the time when it is determined that the flounder larvae are able to eat artemia, for example, after 2 to 3 weeks after hatching, During the administration period, the administration of the mixed feed is started, and the administration period of the artemia-based biological feed is ended when two to three weeks have elapsed from the start of the administration of the mixed feed.
本発明に係るもう一つのヒラメ飼育方法は、基本的にヒラメ仔稚魚の飼育の手段及び条件を限定することなく、生物餌料の投与終了時におけるヒラメ魚体が満たすべき一定の基準を指標とする方法である。この基準とは、以下（１）〜（３）の内のいずれか一つの条件を満たすことであり、特に好ましくは以下（１）〜（３）の内のいずれか二つの条件を満たすことであり、とりわけ好ましくは以下（１）〜（３）の全ての条件を満たすことである。 Another flounder breeding method according to the present invention is basically a method for using as an index a certain standard to be satisfied by the flounder fish at the end of the administration of the biological feed, without limiting the means and conditions for breeding flounder larvae It is. This criterion is to satisfy any one of the following conditions (1) to (3), and particularly preferably to satisfy any two of the following conditions (1) to (3). It is particularly preferable to satisfy all the following conditions (1) to (3).
（１）魚体の脂肪含有量が８〜１０重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。 (1) The fat content of the fish body is in the range of 8 to 10% by weight dm.
（２）魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が３４．５〜３５．５％の範囲内である。 (2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the fish body is in the range of 34.5 to 35.5%.
（３）魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１５〜１６％の範囲内である。 (3) The composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the fish body is in the range of 15 to 16%.
上記（１）の脂肪含有量は、より好ましくは８．５〜９．５重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。上記（２）の組成比は、より好ましくは３４．７〜３５．０％の範囲内である。上記（３）の組成比は、より好ましくは１５．３〜１５．８％の範囲内である。 The fat content in the above (1) is more preferably in the range of 8.5 to 9.5% by weight dm. The composition ratio (2) is more preferably in the range of 34.7 to 35.0%. The composition ratio (3) is more preferably in the range of 15.3 to 15.8%.
次に本願発明の実施例を説明する。本発明の技術的範囲は以下の実施例によって限定されない。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
〔実施例１：試験区の設定〕
生物餌料の栄養強化条件が異なる以下のＡ区〜Ｄ区の４区を設定した。なお、各区において栄養強化したワムシ、アルテミアの脂肪含量及び脂肪酸組成を分析しておいた。
[Example 1: Setting of test section]
The following four districts A to D, which have different nutrient enhancement conditions for biological feed, were set. In addition, the fat content and fatty acid composition of rotifer and artemia fortified in each section were analyzed.
Ａ区：ワムシの培養密度は１０００個体／ｍｌ、アルテミアの培養密度は１００〜１５０個体／ｍｌに調整し、これらのワムシ、アルテミアに対してシゾキトリウム属の植物プランクトン（脂肪含量３５．２％、脂肪酸中のＤＨＡの組成比４９．６％）を毎日朝夕に分けて１日当たり合計３Ｌ／ＫＬ（１７時に２Ｌ、翌朝６時に１Ｌ）与えて栄養強化した。植物プランクトンにはグルカンやブドウポリフェノールを添加していない。Ａ区では以上のワムシ、アルテミアを用いてヒラメ仔稚魚を飼育した。 Zone A: The density of the rotifer is adjusted to 1000 individuals / ml, and the density of the artemia is adjusted to 100 to 150 individuals / ml. The phytoplankton belonging to the genus Schizochytrium with respect to these rotifers and artemia (fat content 35.2%, fatty acid) The composition ratio of DHA was 49.6%) and was divided into morning and evening every day, giving a total of 3 L / KL (2 L at 17:00, 1 L at 6 in the next morning) to enhance nutrition. Phytoplankton does not contain glucan or grape polyphenols. In area A, larvae and larvae were reared using the above-mentioned rotifer and artemia.
Ｂ区：Ａ区と同じ条件で上記植物プランクトンを与えて栄養強化したワムシ、アルテミアを使用したが、この植物プランクトンには、グルカン１０重量部：ブドウポリフェノール１重量部からなる混合物を３ｇ／１０００ｇ湿重量（ワムシ、アルテミア）添加している。グルカンとしてはパン酵母由来β−１，３／１，６−グルカンを用い、ブドウポリフェノールとしてはブドウ種子抽出ポリフェノールを用いた。 Zone B: The rotifer and Artemia that were fed with the above phytoplankton under the same conditions as in Zone A were used, but this phytoplankton contained 3 g / 1000 g of a mixture of 10 parts by weight of glucan: 1 part by weight of grape polyphenol. Weight (rotifer, Artemia) is added. Baker's yeast-derived β-1,3 / 1,6-glucan was used as the glucan, and grape seed-extracted polyphenol was used as the grape polyphenol.
Ｃ区：ワムシ、アルテミアに対してＡ区の半量の上記植物プランクトンを与え、植物プランクトンにはグルカンやブドウポリフェノールを添加していない。 C-zone: Half of the phytoplankton of A-zone is given to rotifer and artemia, and no glucan or grape polyphenol is added to the phytoplankton.
Ｄ区：ワムシ、アルテミアに対してＢ区の半量の上記植物プランクトンを与え、この植物プランクトンにはＢ区と同じ混合物をＢ区と同量添加した。 D group: Half of the above-mentioned phytoplankton of B group was given to rotifer and Artemia, and the same mixture as B group was added to this phytoplankton in the same amount as B group.
〔実施例２：ヒラメの飼育〕
（生物餌料及び配合飼料の給餌）
Ａ区〜Ｄ区の各区ごとに、５００Ｌ容量の水槽を各区２水槽準備して、これらの水槽にそれぞれヒラメ受精卵７５００粒を収容し、孵化させた。孵化後３日目よりワムシの朝夕計２回の給餌を開始した。ワムシは各区ごとに前記のように栄養強化したものを用い、その給餌量は毎日２５０万個体〜１２００万個体の範囲内で、魚の成長に従って多くした。ワムシの給餌は孵化後３０日令まで続けた。
[Example 2: Rearing of Japanese flounder]
(Feeding of biological feed and mixed feed)
For each ward of A ward to D ward, 500 L capacity aquariums were prepared for each ward, and 7500 flounder fertilized eggs were accommodated in these aquariums and hatched. From the third day after hatching, rotifer feeding was started twice in the morning and evening. The rotifer used was fortified in each section as described above, and the amount of feeding was in the range of 2.5 million to 12 million individuals daily, and increased according to the growth of the fish. Rotifer feeding continued for 30 days after hatching.
一方、ヒラメ仔稚魚が１８日令に達した時、各区ごとに前記のように栄養強化したアルテミアの朝夕計２回の給餌を開始した。その給餌量は毎日３０万個体〜６００万個体の範囲内で、魚の成長に従って多くした。アルテミアの給餌は孵化後５６日令まで続けた。 On the other hand, when the flounder larvae reached the age of 18th, feeding of Artemia fortified twice a day in the morning and evening was started for each ward. The feeding amount was within the range of 300,000 to 6 million individuals every day, and increased according to the growth of fish. Artemia feeding continued for 56 days after hatching.
更に、孵化後４１日令で全ての試験区において同一の配合飼料の給餌を開始した。この配合飼料は日清丸紅社製の商品名「アルテックＫ２」であって、水分６．９％、蛋白質５６．８％、脂肪１６．４％、灰分１２．８％からなる。配合飼料の給餌は飼育の終了まで継続した。水温は飼育開始時の１８℃から飼育終了時の２５℃まで次第に昇温した。 Furthermore, feeding of the same mixed feed was started in all test sections 41 days after hatching. This blended feed is trade name “Altech K2” manufactured by Nisshin Marubeni Corporation, and consists of 6.9% moisture, 56.8% protein, 16.4% fat, and 12.8% ash. Feeding of the mixed feed continued until the end of the breeding. The water temperature was gradually raised from 18 ° C. at the start of breeding to 25 ° C. at the end of breeding.
（分養その他）
以上の飼育期間中、孵化後３８日令に達した時点で２５００尾／５００Ｌ容水槽に分養した。又、孵化後５８日令に達した時点で各区１００尾の魚を取上げ、腹面黒化の状態（腹面黒化魚の出現率と黒化面積率）を調べると共に魚体成分の分析を行った。
(Nutrition and others)
During the above breeding period, when reaching the age of 38 days after hatching, it was divided into 2500 fish / 500 L water tank. In addition, when the fish reached 58 days after hatching, 100 fish in each section were picked up to examine the state of abdominal surface blackening (appearance rate and blackened area rate of abdominal surface blackened fish) and to analyze the fish components.
又、孵化後３〜５８日令の期間中、ほぼ６日に１度の割合で各水槽から２０尾ずつ取り上げ、各試験区のヒラメの全長を測定した。 In addition, during the period of 3 to 58 days after hatching, 20 fish were picked up from each water tank at a rate of about once every 6 days, and the total length of flounder in each test section was measured.
〔実施例３：試験結果の評価〕
（評価１：試験区別のヒラメの成長と腹面黒化率）
上記のように、Ａ区〜Ｄ区におけるヒラメの経時的な全長変化をチェックした結果、具体的なデータの提示は省略するが、試験区別のヒラメの成長曲線には実質的な差異が認められなかった。
[Example 3: Evaluation of test results]
(Evaluation 1: Growth of flounder and abdominal blackening rate of test distinction)
As described above, as a result of checking the change in the total length of flounder over time in the A to D sections, the presentation of specific data is omitted, but there is a substantial difference in the growth curve of the test-specific flounder. There wasn't.
一方、試験区別に飼育終了時のヒラメにおける腹面黒化魚の出現率と腹面黒化の度合いを評価した結果を図１に示す。図１において、横軸は試験区の別を示し、縦軸の棒グラフの高さは腹面黒化魚の出現率を示す。棒グラフ中の色分け区分は腹面黒化の度合いをランク別に分けたもので、下方の区分ほど軽度の腹面黒化であり、上方の区分ほど重度の腹面黒化であることを示す。具体的には、棒グラフ中の最下方の色分け区分は黒化面積比が１０％未満であることを示し、次いで上方の色分け区分に向かって順次、黒化面積比が１０％以上で４０％未満、４０％以上で７０％未満、７０％以上であることを示す。 On the other hand, FIG. 1 shows the results of evaluating the appearance rate and the degree of abdominal surface blackening in the Japanese flounder at the end of the breeding as a test distinction. In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis indicates the different test plots, and the height of the vertical bar graph indicates the appearance rate of abdominal blackened fish. The color-coded divisions in the bar graph are obtained by classifying the degree of ventral blackening according to rank, and the lower division indicates milder ventral blackening and the upper division indicates more severe blackening. Specifically, the lowermost color classification section in the bar graph indicates that the blackened area ratio is less than 10%, and then sequentially toward the upper color classification section, the blackened area ratio is 10% or more and less than 40%. , 40% or more, less than 70%, and 70% or more.
図１のＡ区とＣ区の対比、及びＢ区とＤ区の対比より、ワムシ、アルテミアに対する植物プランクトンの投与量は、「１日あたり３Ｌ／ＫＬ培養水」よりも、その半量程度とした方が腹面黒化の抑制に有利であることが分かる。又、Ａ区とＢ区の対比、及びＣ区とＤ区の対比より、植物プランクトンにグルカンとブドウポリフェノールを添加した方が腹面黒化の抑制に有利であることが分かる。 Based on the comparison between the A and C groups in FIG. 1 and the comparison between the B and D groups, the dose of phytoplankton for the rotifer and artemia was about half that of “3 L / KL cultured water per day”. It can be seen that the method is more advantageous for suppressing the blackening of the ventral surface. Moreover, it turns out that the direction which added glucan and grape polyphenol to phytoplankton is advantageous to suppression of abdominal surface blackening from the comparison of A ward and B ward, and the comparison of C ward and D ward.
（評価２：生物餌料の脂肪含量等とヒラメ体色異常の関係）
以下の各評価は、実施例１で述べたように、栄養強化したワムシ、アルテミアの脂肪含量及び脂肪酸組成を予め分析しておいた結果を踏まえ、ワムシ、アルテミアの脂肪含量等と、そのようなワムシ、アルテミアを投与して飼育したヒラメの体色異常との関係を評価したものである。
(Evaluation 2: Relationship between fat content etc. of biological feed and flounder color abnormality)
Each of the following evaluations, as described in Example 1, based on the results of analyzing the fat content and fatty acid composition of fortified rotifer and artemia in advance, the fat content of rotifer and artemia, etc. This is an evaluation of the relationship between abnormal body color of Japanese flounder bred with rotifer and artemia.
（イ）脂肪含量とヒラメ体色異常の関係
図２に、ワムシの脂肪含量とヒラメにおける腹面黒化（図中では「腹面黒化面積率」として■のプロットで表現。以下の各図も同様）との関係を示す。図３にはアルテミアについて同様の関係を示す。
(B) Relationship between fat content and flounder color abnormality Figure 2 shows the fat content of rotifer and the abdominal surface blackening in flounder (in the figure, the "abdominal surface blackening area ratio" is represented by a plot of ■. The following figures are also the same) ). FIG. 3 shows a similar relationship for Artemia.
図２及び図３から分かるように、ワムシの脂肪含量を１１重量％ｄｍ程度（例えば１０．５〜１１．５重量％ｄｍの範囲内）とし、アルテミアの脂肪含量を２４％ｄｍ程度（例えば２２〜２６重量％ｄｍの範囲内）とすることが、ヒラメにおける腹面黒化出現の抑制に有効である。 As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the fat content of the rotifer is about 11% by weight dm (for example, within the range of 10.5 to 11.5% by weight dm), and the fat content of Artemia is about 24% dm (for example 22% In the range of ˜26 wt% dm) is effective in suppressing the appearance of abdominal surface blackening in Japanese flounder.
（ロ）ワムシの脂肪酸組成とヒラメ体色異常の関係
図４（ａ）にはワムシの含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比（％）と、そのワムシを投与したヒラメにおける腹面黒化面積率との関係を示し、図４（ｂ）には同様にワムシの含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比と、そのワムシを投与したヒラメにおける腹面黒化面積率との関係を示す。
(B) Relation between fatty acid composition of rotifer and abnormal color of flatfish Figure 4 (a) shows the composition ratio (%) of n3 fatty acids in fatty acids contained in rotifer and the abdominal surface blackening area ratio in flounder administered with rotifer Similarly, FIG. 4B shows the relationship between the composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the rotifer and the abdominal area blackening area ratio in the flounder administered with the rotifer.
図４（ａ）から分かるように、ワムシにおけるｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比を１２％程度（例えば１０〜１５％）とすることがヒラメにおける腹面黒化出現の抑制に有効である。ワムシにおけるｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比に関しては、体色異常の発現とは特段の関連が認められなかった。 As can be seen from FIG. 4A, setting the composition ratio of n3 fatty acids in rotifers to about 12% (for example, 10 to 15%) is effective in suppressing the appearance of abdominal darkening in flounder. Regarding the composition ratio of n6 fatty acids in rotifers, no particular relationship was observed with the development of abnormal body color.
（ハ）アルテミアの脂肪酸組成とヒラメ体色異常の関係
図５（ａ）にはアルテミアの含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比（％）と、そのアルテミアを投与したヒラメにおける腹面黒化面積率との関係を示し、図５（ｂ）には同様にアルテミアの含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比と、そのアルテミアを投与したヒラメにおける腹面黒化面積率との関係を示す。
(C) Relationship between fatty acid composition of artemia and abnormal flounder color Figure 5 (a) shows the composition ratio (%) of n3 fatty acids in fatty acids contained in artemia, and the ratio of the black surface area in flounder administered with the artemia. Similarly, FIG. 5 (b) shows the relationship between the composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in Artemia and the abdominal surface blackening area ratio in Japanese flounder administered with the Artemia.
図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）から分かるように、アルテミアにおけるｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比を４２％程度（例えば４０〜４４％）とし、かつｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比を１０〜１２％の範囲内とすることがヒラメにおける腹面黒化出現の抑制に有効である。 As can be seen from FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b), the composition ratio of n3 fatty acids in Artemia is about 42% (for example, 40 to 44%), and the composition ratio of n6 fatty acids is 10 to 12%. Within the range is effective in suppressing the appearance of abdominal surface blackening in Japanese flounder.
（評価３：ヒラメ魚体の脂肪含有量等と体色異常の関係）
飼育終了後のヒラメをＡ区〜Ｄ区からランダムに１００尾取り上げて、それらのヒラメ魚体における脂肪含有量（重量％ｄｍ）、含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比（％）及び含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比（％）のそれぞれと、体色異常との関係を調べた。脂肪含有量に関しては図６（ａ）に、ｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比に関しては図６（ｂ）に、ｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比に関しては図６（ｃ）に、それぞれ示す。
(Evaluation 3: Relationship between fat content of flounder fish and abnormal body color)
Randomly picked 100 flounder from A to D after the breeding, fat content (wt% dm) in these flounder fish bodies, composition ratio (%) of n3 fatty acids in contained fatty acids and contained fatty acids The relationship between each composition ratio (%) of n6 fatty acids and body color abnormality was examined. Fig. 6A shows the fat content, Fig. 6B shows the composition ratio of n3 fatty acids, and Fig. 6C shows the composition ratio of n6 fatty acids.
図６（ａ）から分かるように、魚体の脂肪含有量が高い程ヒラメの腹面黒化面積率が高く、魚体の脂肪含有量が９重量％ｄｍ程度（例えば８〜１０重量％ｄｍの範囲内）であることが、ヒラメにおける腹面黒化出現の抑制に有効である。 As can be seen from FIG. 6 (a), the higher the fat content of the fish body, the higher the ratio of the black surface area of the flounder, and the fat content of the fish body is about 9% by weight dm (for example, within the range of 8 to 10% by weight dm). ) Is effective in suppressing the appearance of abdominal darkening in Japanese flounder.
又、図６（ｂ）及び図６（ｃ）から分かるように、魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が３５％程度(例えば３４．５〜３５．５％の範囲内)であることが、更に、魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１５．５％程度（例えば１５〜１６％の範囲内）であることが、それぞれヒラメにおける腹面黒化出現の抑制に有効である。 As can be seen from FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (c), the composition ratio of n3 fatty acids in the fatty acids contained in the fish is about 35% (for example, in the range of 34.5 to 35.5%). Furthermore, the composition ratio of n6 fatty acids in the fatty acids contained in the fish body is about 15.5% (for example, in the range of 15 to 16%), which is effective in suppressing the appearance of abdominal surface blackening in flounder. is there.
本発明により、ヒラメ仔稚魚の良好な成育等の本来の目的を達成できると共に腹面黒化等のヒラメの体色異常の発生を有効に抑制できるヒラメ飼育用生物餌料と、このヒラメ飼育用生物餌料を投与して行うヒラメ飼育方法が提供される。 According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve the original purpose such as good growth of flounder larvae, and to effectively suppress the occurrence of body color abnormality of flounder such as abdominal surface blackening, and this flounder breeding biological feed Is provided.
Claims (6)
（１）脂肪含量が１０．５〜１１．５重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。
（２）含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が１０〜１５％の範囲内である。 A biological feed for raising flounder, comprising as an active ingredient a rotifer that has been fortified to satisfy one or more of the following conditions (1) and (2).
(1) The fat content is in the range of 10.5 to 11.5% by weight dm.
(2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 10 to 15%.
（１）脂肪含量が２２〜２６重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。
（２）含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が４０〜４４％の範囲内である。
（３）含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１０〜１２％の範囲内である。 A biological feed for raising flounder containing, as an active ingredient, artemia fortified so as to satisfy any one or more of the following conditions (1) to (3).
(1) The fat content is in the range of 22 to 26% by weight dm.
(2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 40 to 44%.
(3) The composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the contained fatty acid is in the range of 10 to 12%.
（ａ）請求項１又は請求項２に記載のヒラメ飼育用生物餌料。
（ｂ）請求項３又は請求項４に記載のヒラメ飼育用生物餌料。 The flounder breeding method which administers the following (a) and / or (b) flounder breeding biological food to flounder larvae.
(A) The biological feed for raising flounder according to claim 1 or claim 2.
(B) The biological feed for raising flounder according to claim 3 or claim 4.
（１）魚体の脂肪含有量が８〜１０重量％ｄｍの範囲内である。
（２）魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ３系脂肪酸の組成比が３４．５〜３５．５％の範囲内である。
（３）魚体の含有脂肪酸中のｎ６系脂肪酸の組成比が１５〜１６％の範囲内である。 A flounder breeding method for breeding flounder using as an index that the flounder fish body satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) to (3) at the end of administration of the biological feed.
(1) The fat content of the fish body is in the range of 8 to 10% by weight dm.
(2) The composition ratio of the n3 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the fish body is in the range of 34.5 to 35.5%.
(3) The composition ratio of the n6 fatty acid in the fatty acid contained in the fish body is in the range of 15 to 16%.
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