JP2004136350A - Valve seat for casting insert of light metal alloy - Google Patents

Valve seat for casting insert of light metal alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004136350A
JP2004136350A JP2002304840A JP2002304840A JP2004136350A JP 2004136350 A JP2004136350 A JP 2004136350A JP 2002304840 A JP2002304840 A JP 2002304840A JP 2002304840 A JP2002304840 A JP 2002304840A JP 2004136350 A JP2004136350 A JP 2004136350A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
valve seat
powder
iron
sintered body
light metal
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JP2002304840A
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JP4440525B2 (en
Inventor
Masayuki Oshige
大重 公志
Teruo Takahashi
高橋 輝夫
Hiroshi Takiguchi
滝口 寛
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Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd
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Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a valve seat having excellent a casting insert properties of a light metal alloy, such as aluminum alloy. <P>SOLUTION: The surface roughness of the valve seat composed of iron-base sintered body having the composition desirably containing 0.1 to 2.0% C and pores desirably at 5 to 50% volume ratio is made to be 25 to 100 μm Rz with a shot blast treatment. In this way, the casting insert properties of the light metal alloy are remarkably improved, and even in the case of fitting the valve seat to a cylinder head with the casting insert, the fall-down of the valve seat during driving can be prevented. This valve seat may contain ≤50% in total of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si and V. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関用のバルブシートに係り、とくに内燃機関(エンジン)のシリンダヘッドに鋳包まれて使用されるバルブシートに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
バルブシートは、燃焼ガスのシールとバルブを冷却する役割を担ってエンジンのシリンダヘッドに圧入されて使用されてきた。しかし、圧入されたバルブシートは、実際にはシリンダヘッドの全ての面と接触できているわけではなく、そのため、密着力が不足しエンジン運転中に抜け落ち等の事故が発生する場合がある。このため、密着力が大きくなるようにバルブシートの外周面とシリンダヘッドとの接触方法を工夫する必要があった。
【0003】
バルブシートをシリンダヘッドへ圧入することから生じるこのような問題に対し、例えば、特許文献1には、エンジンのシリンダヘッドを鋳造すると同時にバルブシートを鋳包み、バルブシートとシリンダヘッドとを溶着した鋳鉄製シリンダヘッドが提案されている。
エンジンの軽量化および放熱性を高める目的から、最近では、アルミニウム合金製のエンジンが一般化しつつある。そして、このようなアルミニウム合金製シリンダヘッドに鉄系焼結合金製のバルブシートを鋳包んで装着することが実用化されつつある。例えば、特許文献2には、排気系のバルブシートと吸気系バルブシートとをおのおの耐衝撃性に富む鉄系焼結合金で形成させるとともに、プラグシートを伝熱性に富む鉄系焼結合金で形成させ、これらを互いに一体的に結着した状態で鋳込み結着するエンジンのシリンダヘッドの製造方法が提案されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、特許文献2等に記載された技術では、バルブシートとシリンダヘッドとが金属的に結合されておらず、バルブシートとシリンダヘッドとの間に隙間が存在する場合が多い。このため、熱引け性が低下してバルブシート温度の低減ができず、また、バルブシートとシリンダヘッド間の接合強度が低下するという問題があった。
【0005】
このような問題に対し、例えば、特許文献3には、バルブシート表面に、好ましくはバルブシートおよびシリンダヘッドと親和性の良い金属をコーティングしたのち、フッ化物系フラックスを塗布して鋳ぐるむ、エンジンバルブシートの鋳ぐるみ方法が提案されている。
また、特許文献4には、バルブシートの外周面に互いに偏心した上下2つの円周面が形成されたバルブシートが提案されている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開昭52−122712 号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭58−74266号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平8−232616 号公報
【特許文献4】
実公昭63−29130号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特許文献3に記載された技術では、バルブシート表面に金属や特殊なコーティングを施す必要があり、製造工程が複雑となり製造コストが高騰するという問題があった。また、特許文献4に記載された技術では、バルブシートとシリンダヘッドとの間に隙間が存在し、熱引け性が低下するという問題があった。
【0008】
本発明は、このような従来技術の問題を解決し、軽金属合金で鋳包んでも容易に脱落しない高い接合強度を保持できる、バルブシートを提案することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記した課題を達成するために、鉄系焼結体製のバルブシートと軽金属合金との接合性(以下、「軽金属合金鋳包み性」ともいう)に及ぼす要因について鋭意検討した。その結果、バルブシート表面を特定範囲の表面粗さ、Rz で25〜100 μmとすることにより、バルブシートの軽金属合金鋳包み性が向上し、密着力が顕著に向上することを見出した。
【0010】
本発明は、上記した知見に基づき、さらに検討を加えて完成されたものである。すなわち、本発明の要旨はつぎのとおりである。
(1)軽金属合金製シリンダヘッドに鋳包まれるバルブシートであって、該バルブシートが鉄系焼結体からなり、少なくとも外周面が、Rzで25〜100 μmの表面粗さを有することを特徴とする軽金属合金鋳包み用バルブシート。
(2)(1)において、前記バルブシートの外周面を、テーパ状に形成したことを特徴とするバルブシート。
(3)(1)において、前記バルブシートの外周面に、少なくとも1段の段差を形成したことを特徴とするバルブシート。
(4)(1)ないし(3)のいずれかにおいて、前記バルブシートの外周面に、少なくとも1本の縦溝および/または少なくとも1本の横溝を形成したことを特徴とするバルブシート。
(5)(1)ないし(4)のいずれかにおいて、前記鉄系焼結体が、質量%で、C:0.1 〜2.0 %を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる基地組成を有することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(6)(5)において、前記基地組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、Ni、Co、Cr、Mo、W、Si、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を合計で50%以下含有することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(7)(1)ないし(6)のいずれかにおいて、前記鉄系焼結体が、体積率で5〜50%の空孔を含有することを特徴とするバルブシート。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のバルブシートは、鉄系焼結体を所定寸法に加工してなり、少なくとも外周面が、Rzで25〜100 μmの表面粗さを有する。表面粗さが、Rz で25μm未満では、軽金属合金鋳包み性が低下し、シリンダヘッドとバルブシートとの接合強度が低下する。一方、Rz で100 μmを超えて粗くなると、製造性が低下する。表面粗さの調整はショットブラスト処理により行なうことが好ましい。なお、表面粗さはJIS B 0601−1994 の規定に準拠して測定するものとする。
【0012】
本発明のバルブシートに使用される鉄系焼結体は、質量%で、C:0.1 〜2.0 %を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる基地組成を有することが好ましい。基地組成は、さらに質量%で、Ni、Co、Cr、Mo、W、Si、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を合計で50%以下含有してもよい。
本発明で使用する鉄系焼結体の基地組成の限定理由について説明する。
【0013】
C:0.1 〜2.0 質量%
Cは、焼結体の強度、硬さを増加させる元素であり、 本発明では強度(硬さ)確保のために、0.1 質量%以上含有することが好ましい。一方、2.0 質量%を超えて含有すると炭化物が粗大化し、却って被削性が低下する。このため、Cは0.1 〜2.0 質量%に限定した。
【0014】
Ni、Co、Cr、Mo、W、Si、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を合計で50%質量%以下、
Ni、Co、Cr、Mo、W、Si、Vは、いずれも焼結体の強度を増加し、さらに、耐摩耗性や高温特性を向上させる作用を有する元素であり、必要に応じ1種または2種以上含有できる。これら元素の含有量が合計で50質量%を超えると、成形性が低下し強度が低下する。
【0015】
本発明で使用する鉄系焼結体の基地組成では、上記した成分以外、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物である。
また、本発明で使用する鉄系焼結体は、上記した基地組成を有するとともに、空孔を有する。本発明では、空孔率は5〜50体積%とすることが好ましい。空孔率が5体積%未満では加圧成形時に多大の成形圧力を必要とし、生産性が低下するとともに、軽金属合金溶湯の溶浸が不足し、接合強度が低下する。一方、50体積%を超えると、鉄系焼結体の強度が低下する。なお、本発明における空孔率は、アルキメデス法により測定した密度から換算した値(体積%)を用いるものとする。
【0016】
また、本発明で使用する鉄系焼結体は、上記した組成の基地中に、被削性改善のため、被削性改善用微細粒子を分散させることが好ましい。分散させる被削性改善用微細粒子としては、MnS 、CaF、BNおよびエンスタタイトのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上とすることが好ましい。MnS 、CaF、BNおよびエンスタタイトはいずれも、被削性を改善する粒子であり、必要に応じ選択して含有できる。
【0017】
このような被削性改善用微細粒子を基地中に均一分散させることにより、切削中の切粉は, これらの微細粒子と微細粒子間の距離で決定される大きさに分断されるため、切削抵抗は低く維持される。
また、基地中に分散させる被削性改善用微細粒子は、粒径:150 μm 以下の微細粒子とすることが好ましい。微細粒子の粒径が150 μm を超えると、境界強度が低下する。なお、好ましくは5〜100 μmである。
【0018】
また、多孔質金属焼結体の基地中に分散させる被削性改善用微細粒子の含有量は、0.1 〜5質量%とすることが好ましい。被削性改善用微細粒子の含有量が、0.1 質量%未満では被削性改善の効果が認められない。一方、5質量%を超えて含有すると、基地との密着強度が低下する。このため、被削性改善用微細粒子は、0.1 〜5質量%の範囲で含有することが好ましい。
【0019】
また、本発明のバルブシートは、シリンダヘッドとの接合強度を増加させるために、図3に示すように、外周面を、テーパ状に形成することが好ましい。また、図4に示すように、外周面に、少なくとも1段の段差を形成してもよい。また、さらにバルブシートの外周面に、図5に示すように、少なくとも1本の縦溝および/または少なくとも1本の横溝を形成することが好ましい。上記した形状とすることにより、鋳包み時に、軽金属合金とバルブシートの外周面との接触面積が増加し、バルブシートと軽金属合金との接合性が向上する。
【0020】
次に、本発明のバルブシートの製造方法について、説明する。
原料とする鉄系粉末と、黒鉛粉末と、潤滑剤粉末と、あるいはさらに合金用粉末と、あるいはさらに被削性改善用微細粒子と、を混合し混合粉としたのち、これら混合粉を金型に装入して加圧成形して圧粉体とし、ついでこれら圧粉体を焼結して焼結体とする。
【0021】
黒鉛粉は、鉄系焼結体の強度を増加させる合金元素として必要に応じ添加する。このためには、混合粉(鉄系粉末、黒鉛粉、合金元素粉、被削性改善用微細粒子粉の合計量に対し)中のC含有量が0.1 〜2.0 質量%となるように、調整して添加することが好ましい。
また、潤滑剤粉末は、圧粉成形時の成形性を向上し、圧粉密度を増加させるために混合粉中に含有される。潤滑剤粉末としては、ステアリン酸亜鉛等が好ましい。なお、混合粉中の潤滑剤粉末の混合量は、混合粉全量(鉄系粉末、黒鉛粉、合金元素粉、被削性改善用微細粒子粉の合計量100 重量部)に対し、0.2 〜2重量部とすることが好ましい。
【0022】
本発明では、上記した鉄系粉末、黒鉛粉末、潤滑剤粉末に加えてさらに、混合粉には、被削性改善のために、被削性改善用微細粒子粉末を含有することができる。被削性改善用微細粒子粉としては、MnS 、CaF、BN、およびエンスタタイトのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上とすることが好ましい。MnS 、CaF、BN、およびエンスタタイトはいずれも、被削性を改善する粒子であり、必要に応じて選択して含有できる。また、混合粉に添加する被削性改善用微細粒子粉は、粒径:150 μm 以下の微細粒子粉とすることが好ましい。微細粒子粉の粒径が150 μm を超えると、境界強度が低下する。なお、好ましくは5〜100 μm である。混合粉中に被削性改善用微細粒子粉を含有する場合には、被削性改善用微細粒子粉の含有量は混合粉全量(鉄系粉末、黒鉛粉、合金元素用粉、被削性改善用微細粒子粉の合計量)に対し0.1 〜5質量%とすることが好ましい。0.1 質量%未満では、被削性改善効果が少なく、一方、5質量%を超えると接合強度が低下する。
【0023】
また、本発明では、上記した混合粉に、さらに合金元素粉として、Ni粉、Co粉、Cr粉、Mo粉、W粉、Si粉、V粉あるいはNi、Co、Cr、Mo、W、Si、Vのうちの1種または2種以上を含むFe基合金粉、あるいはFe−Mo硬質粒子粉、Cr−Mo−Co−Si系硬質粒子粉、C−Cr−W−Co系硬質粒子粉を、単独または複合して、混合粉全量(鉄系粉、合金元素粉、黒鉛粉、被削性改善用微細粒子粉の合計量)に対し、質量%で、Ni、Co、Cr、W、Si、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上が合計で50質量%以下含有するように配合することが好ましい。Ni粉、Co粉、Cr粉、Mo粉、W粉、Si粉、V粉あるいはFe基合金粉あるいは硬質粒子粉はいずれも、耐摩耗性向上のために配合するもので、合計で50質量%以下、好ましくは2質量%以上となるように配合することが好ましい。配合量が2質量%未満では、上記した効果が顕著に認められず、一方、50質量%を超えて配合すると、成形性が劣化する。
【0024】
なお、混合方法は、とくに限定する必要はないが、Vミルを用いることが経済上から好ましい。
上記した混合粉を、金型に装入し加圧成形して所定形状の圧粉体とする。なお、圧粉体の密度が6.3 〜7.3 g/cm3 となるように、加圧成形条件を調整することが好ましい。混合粉の成形方法は、特に限定されないが、プレス等を用いることが好ましい。
【0025】
ついで、圧紛体を1100〜1300℃で焼結して焼結体とする。なお、焼結雰囲気は還元雰囲気とすることが焼結促進の観点から好ましい。
ついで、焼結体(鉄系焼結体)は、所定形状のバルブシートに加工されたのち、少なくとも外周面にショットブラスト処理を施され、表面粗さをRz で25〜100 μmとされる。表面粗さの調整はショット粒径、噴射圧力等を調整して行なうことが好ましい。
【0026】
表面粗さを調整されたバルブシートは、エンジンのシリンダヘッド用鋳型の対応部位に装着される。その鋳型内に軽金属合金(例えば、アルミニウム合金)溶湯を注入し、低圧ダイキャストして、バルブシートが鋳包れたシリンダヘッドとすることができる。本発明のバルブシートを使用すれば、シリンダヘッドとバルブシートとの境界が隙間なく密着し、接合強度が向上し、使用中の脱落等の事故は皆無となる。
【0027】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細に説明する。
【0028】
【実施例】
鉄基粉末としての純鉄粉あるいは合金鋼粉と、黒鉛粉と、あるいはさらに合金元素粉(合金粉)と、潤滑剤粉末としてのステアリン酸亜鉛粉と、あるいはさらに被削性改善用微細粒子粉を、混合し混練して混合粉とした。混合粉における各粉末の配合量を表1に示す。
【0029】
これら混合粉を金型に充填し成形プレスにより面圧:59MPa (6000kgf/cm2 )で加圧成形して、バルブシート(寸法:φ30mm×φ24mm×7.0mm )形状の圧粉体とした。得られた圧粉体密度を測定し表1に示す。
ついで、圧粉体を、真空中で1160℃×30min の焼結を施し焼結体とした。
得られた焼結体の組成、空孔率、焼結後の密度を測定し、表2に示す。なお、密度はアルキメデス法で測定し、得られた密度から、空孔率(体積率)に換算した。
【0030】
これら焼結体を切削・研削加工により、所定の寸法のバルブシートとした。これらバルブシートにショットブラスト処理を施した。ショットブラスト処理は、JIS G70 相当のスチールグリッドを、噴射圧力:5kg/cm(0.49MPa)で行なった。なお、表面粗さは、接触式表面粗さ計を用いてJIS Z 0601−1994 の規定に準拠して測定した。
【0031】
ついで、得られたバルブシートをシリンダヘッド相当鋳型の所定部位に装着した。ついで該鋳型にアルミニウム合金(ADC 12)溶湯を注入し、低圧ダイカストし、バルブシートが鋳包まれたシリンダヘッド相当材とした。なお、比較として、鉄系焼結体製バルブシートに代えて、鋳鉄製バルブシートを同様に鋳包んだ。また、比較例として、一部の鉄系焼結体を加工して得られたバルブシートと、鋳鉄製バルブシートを、シリンダヘッド相当材に圧入した。
【0032】
これらシリンダーヘッド相当材について、図2に示すように抜き治具3を用いて、鋳包んだバルブシートあるいは圧入したバルブシート1を押圧して、シリンダヘッド2から離脱する時の抜き荷重Lを測定した。得られた抜き荷重について、圧入した鋳鉄製バルブシート(試料No.8) の場合の抜き荷重を基準(100 )として、各バルブシートの接合性を評価した。
【0033】
得られた結果を表2、および図1に示す。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 2004136350
【0035】
【表2】
Figure 2004136350
【0036】
本発明例は、いずれも鋳鉄製バルブシートを圧入した場合と同等以上の高い抜き荷重を示し、接合性が高いことがわかる。一方、本発明範囲を外れる比較例では低い抜き荷重しか示さず、接合性が低下している。なお、鋳鉄製バルブシートを鋳包んだ場合は、圧入した場合にくらべ抜き荷重は低下している。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、バルブシートと軽金属合金製シリンダヘッドとの接合強度が顕著に増加し、エンジン運転中のバルブシートの脱落を防止でき、産業上格段の効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例における抜き荷重の変化を示すグラフである。
【図2】バルブシートの抜き荷重測定方法を模式的に示す説明図である。
【図3】本発明のバルブシートの形状の一例を示す断面模式図である。
【図4】本発明のバルブシートの形状の一例を示す断面模式図である。
【図5】本発明のバルブシートの形状の一例を示す断面模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1 バルブシート
2 シリンダヘッド
3 抜き治具
4a 縦溝
4b 横溝[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a valve seat for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to a valve seat that is used by being cast into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine (engine).
[0002]
[Prior art]
The valve seat has been used by being press-fitted into a cylinder head of an engine to play a role of sealing a combustion gas and cooling a valve. However, the press-fitted valve seat does not actually come into contact with all surfaces of the cylinder head, so that the adhesion may be insufficient and an accident such as falling off during engine operation may occur. For this reason, it has been necessary to devise a method of contact between the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat and the cylinder head so that the adhesion force is increased.
[0003]
To solve such a problem caused by press-fitting a valve seat into a cylinder head, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a cast iron in which an engine cylinder head is cast and a valve seat is simultaneously cast and a valve seat and a cylinder head are welded. Cylinder heads have been proposed.
In recent years, engines made of aluminum alloy have been becoming popular for the purpose of reducing the weight and heat radiation of the engine. Casting and mounting a valve seat made of an iron-based sintered alloy on such an aluminum alloy cylinder head is being put to practical use. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses that an exhaust valve seat and an intake valve seat are each formed of an iron-based sintered alloy having high impact resistance, and a plug sheet is formed of an iron-based sintered alloy having a high heat conductivity. A method of manufacturing a cylinder head of an engine has been proposed in which the components are integrally bonded to each other and cast and bonded.
[0004]
However, in the technology described in Patent Literature 2 and the like, the valve seat and the cylinder head are not metallically connected, and a gap often exists between the valve seat and the cylinder head. For this reason, there has been a problem that the heat shrinkability is reduced and the temperature of the valve seat cannot be reduced, and the joining strength between the valve seat and the cylinder head is reduced.
[0005]
To deal with such a problem, for example, Patent Document 3 discloses that a valve seat surface is preferably coated with a metal having good affinity for the valve seat and the cylinder head, and then coated with a fluoride-based flux and cast. A method of casting an engine valve seat has been proposed.
Patent Literature 4 proposes a valve seat in which two upper and lower circumferential surfaces eccentric to each other are formed on an outer peripheral surface of a valve seat.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-52-122712 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-58-74266 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-8-232616 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 63-29130 [0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the technique described in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to apply a metal or a special coating to the valve seat surface, and there is a problem that the manufacturing process is complicated and the manufacturing cost is increased. Further, in the technique described in Patent Literature 4, there is a problem that a gap exists between the valve seat and the cylinder head, and the heat shrinkability is reduced.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem of the prior art and to propose a valve seat that can maintain a high joining strength that does not easily fall off even when cast in a light metal alloy.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have intensively studied factors affecting bonding properties between a valve seat made of an iron-based sintered body and a light metal alloy (hereinafter, also referred to as “light metal alloy cast-in property”). did. As a result, it has been found that by setting the surface roughness of the valve seat to a specific range of surface roughness, Rz of 25 to 100 μm, the light metal alloy cast-in property of the valve seat is improved and the adhesion is significantly improved.
[0010]
The present invention has been completed based on the above findings, with further investigations. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A valve seat cast in a light metal alloy cylinder head, wherein the valve seat is made of an iron-based sintered body, and at least the outer peripheral surface has a surface roughness of 25 to 100 μm in Rz. Valve seat for light metal alloy casting.
(2) The valve seat according to (1), wherein an outer peripheral surface of the valve seat is formed in a tapered shape.
(3) The valve seat according to (1), wherein at least one step is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat.
(4) The valve seat according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein at least one vertical groove and / or at least one horizontal groove are formed on an outer peripheral surface of the valve seat.
(5) The matrix composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the iron-based sintered body contains C: 0.1 to 2.0% by mass% and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. A valve seat comprising:
(6) In (5), in addition to the matrix composition, one or more selected from Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si, and V are further added in a mass% of 50%. A valve seat comprising:
(7) The valve seat according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the iron-based sintered body contains 5 to 50% by volume of pores.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The valve seat of the present invention is formed by processing an iron-based sintered body to a predetermined size, and at least the outer peripheral surface has a surface roughness of 25 to 100 μm in Rz. If the surface roughness is less than 25 μm in Rz, the castability of the light metal alloy decreases, and the joining strength between the cylinder head and the valve seat decreases. On the other hand, when the roughness exceeds 100 μm in Rz, the productivity decreases. The surface roughness is preferably adjusted by shot blasting. In addition, the surface roughness shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of JIS B0601-1994.
[0012]
The iron-based sintered body used for the valve seat of the present invention preferably contains 0.1 to 2.0% by mass of C by mass%, and has a base composition composed of the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The base composition may further contain, in mass%, one or more selected from Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si and V in a total of 50% or less.
The reason for limiting the base composition of the iron-based sintered body used in the present invention will be described.
[0013]
C: 0.1 to 2.0 mass%
C is an element that increases the strength and hardness of the sintered body. In the present invention, C is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more to secure the strength (hardness). On the other hand, if the content exceeds 2.0% by mass, the carbides become coarse and the machinability deteriorates. For this reason, C is limited to 0.1 to 2.0% by mass.
[0014]
One or more selected from Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si, and V in a total of 50% by mass or less;
Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si, and V are all elements that increase the strength of the sintered body and have an effect of improving wear resistance and high-temperature characteristics. Two or more types can be contained. If the content of these elements exceeds 50% by mass in total, the moldability is reduced and the strength is reduced.
[0015]
In the matrix composition of the iron-based sintered body used in the present invention, the remainder is Fe and unavoidable impurities other than the above components.
In addition, the iron-based sintered body used in the present invention has the above-described matrix composition and has pores. In the present invention, the porosity is preferably 5 to 50% by volume. When the porosity is less than 5% by volume, a large molding pressure is required at the time of pressure molding, and the productivity is reduced, and the infiltration of the molten light metal alloy is insufficient, and the bonding strength is reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50% by volume, the strength of the iron-based sintered body decreases. The porosity in the present invention uses a value (% by volume) converted from the density measured by the Archimedes method.
[0016]
Further, in the iron-based sintered body used in the present invention, it is preferable to disperse fine particles for improving machinability in the matrix having the above-described composition in order to improve machinability. The fine particles for improving machinability to be dispersed are preferably one or more selected from MnS, CaF 2 , BN and enstatite. MnS, CaF 2 , BN and enstatite are all particles for improving machinability, and can be selectively contained as necessary.
[0017]
By uniformly dispersing the fine particles for improving machinability in the matrix, the chips during cutting are divided into a size determined by the distance between these fine particles, and thus, Resistance is kept low.
The fine particles for improving machinability dispersed in the matrix are preferably fine particles having a particle size of 150 μm or less. When the particle size of the fine particles exceeds 150 μm, the boundary strength decreases. In addition, it is preferably 5 to 100 μm.
[0018]
The content of the machinability improving fine particles dispersed in the matrix of the porous metal sintered body is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass. When the content of the fine particles for improving machinability is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving machinability is not recognized. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 5% by mass, the adhesion strength to the matrix decreases. For this reason, the fine particles for improving machinability are preferably contained in the range of 0.1 to 5% by mass.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the valve seat of the present invention preferably has a tapered outer peripheral surface in order to increase the bonding strength with the cylinder head. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, at least one step may be formed on the outer peripheral surface. Further, it is preferable to form at least one vertical groove and / or at least one horizontal groove on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat as shown in FIG. By adopting the above-mentioned shape, the contact area between the light metal alloy and the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat at the time of cast-in increases, and the bondability between the valve seat and the light metal alloy improves.
[0020]
Next, a method for manufacturing the valve seat of the present invention will be described.
After mixing iron-based powder, graphite powder, lubricant powder, or further powder for alloying, or fine particles for improving machinability as raw materials to obtain a mixed powder, these mixed powders are molded. , And pressed to form green compacts, and then these green compacts are sintered into sintered bodies.
[0021]
The graphite powder is added as necessary as an alloy element for increasing the strength of the iron-based sintered body. For this purpose, the C content in the mixed powder (based on the total amount of iron-based powder, graphite powder, alloy element powder, and fine particle powder for improving machinability) is 0.1 to 2.0% by mass. Thus, it is preferable to adjust and add.
Further, the lubricant powder is contained in the mixed powder in order to improve the moldability at the time of compacting and to increase the compact density. As the lubricant powder, zinc stearate or the like is preferable. The mixing amount of the lubricant powder in the mixed powder is 0.2 parts by weight based on the total amount of the mixed powder (total amount of iron-based powder, graphite powder, alloy element powder, and machinability-improving fine particle powder: 100 parts by weight). It is preferable that the content be 2 to 2 parts by weight.
[0022]
In the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned iron-based powder, graphite powder, and lubricant powder, the mixed powder can further contain fine particles for improving machinability to improve machinability. The fine particle powder for improving machinability is preferably one or more selected from MnS, CaF 2 , BN, and enstatite. MnS, CaF 2 , BN, and enstatite are all particles that improve machinability, and can be selectively contained as necessary. Further, the fine particle powder for improving machinability added to the mixed powder is preferably a fine particle powder having a particle size of 150 μm or less. When the particle size of the fine particle powder exceeds 150 μm, the boundary strength decreases. Incidentally, the thickness is preferably 5 to 100 μm. When the fine powder for improving machinability is contained in the mixed powder, the content of the fine powder for improving machinability is the total amount of the mixed powder (iron-based powder, graphite powder, powder for alloying element, (Total amount of fine particles for improvement) is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass. If it is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving machinability is small, while if it exceeds 5% by mass, the joining strength is reduced.
[0023]
Further, in the present invention, Ni powder, Co powder, Cr powder, Mo powder, W powder, Si powder, V powder or Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si , V-based Fe-based alloy powder, Fe-Mo hard particle powder, Cr-Mo-Co-Si-based hard particle powder, and C-Cr-W-Co-based hard particle powder. , Alone or in combination, Ni, Co, Cr, W, Si in mass% with respect to the total amount of the mixed powder (total amount of iron-based powder, alloy element powder, graphite powder, and fine particle powder for improving machinability) , V is preferably blended so as to contain 50% by mass or less in total. Ni powder, Co powder, Cr powder, Mo powder, W powder, Si powder, V powder, Fe-based alloy powder or hard particle powder are all compounded for improving wear resistance, and a total of 50% by mass. Hereinafter, it is preferable to mix them so as to be preferably 2% by mass or more. When the amount is less than 2% by mass, the above-mentioned effects are not remarkably observed, while when the amount exceeds 50% by mass, the moldability is deteriorated.
[0024]
The mixing method is not particularly limited, but it is economically preferable to use a V mill.
The above-mentioned mixed powder is charged into a mold and pressed to form a green compact having a predetermined shape. In addition, it is preferable to adjust the pressure molding conditions so that the density of the green compact is 6.3 to 7.3 g / cm 3 . The method for forming the mixed powder is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a press or the like.
[0025]
Next, the compact is sintered at 1100 to 1300 ° C. to obtain a sintered body. The sintering atmosphere is preferably a reducing atmosphere from the viewpoint of promoting sintering.
Next, after the sintered body (iron-based sintered body) is processed into a valve seat having a predetermined shape, at least the outer peripheral surface is subjected to a shot blasting treatment to have a surface roughness of 25 to 100 μm in Rz. It is preferable to adjust the surface roughness by adjusting the shot particle diameter, the injection pressure, and the like.
[0026]
The valve seat whose surface roughness has been adjusted is mounted on a corresponding portion of a cylinder head mold of an engine. A melt of a light metal alloy (for example, an aluminum alloy) is poured into the mold and low pressure die-cast to form a cylinder head in which the valve seat is cast. If the valve seat of the present invention is used, the boundary between the cylinder head and the valve seat will be in close contact with no gap, the joining strength will be improved, and there will be no accidents such as falling off during use.
[0027]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples.
[0028]
【Example】
Pure iron powder or alloy steel powder as an iron-based powder, graphite powder, or further alloying element powder (alloy powder), zinc stearate powder as a lubricant powder, or fine particle powder for further improving machinability Were mixed and kneaded to obtain a mixed powder. Table 1 shows the blending amount of each powder in the mixed powder.
[0029]
These mixed powders were filled in a mold, and were press-molded with a molding press at a surface pressure of 59 MPa (6000 kgf / cm 2 ) to obtain a compact having a valve seat (dimensions: φ30 mm × φ24 mm × 7.0 mm). The resulting green compact density was measured and is shown in Table 1.
Next, the green compact was sintered at 1160 ° C. for 30 minutes in a vacuum to obtain a sintered body.
The composition, porosity, and density after sintering of the obtained sintered body were measured and are shown in Table 2. The density was measured by the Archimedes method, and the obtained density was converted into a porosity (volume ratio).
[0030]
These sintered bodies were cut and ground to form valve seats of predetermined dimensions. Shot blasting was performed on these valve seats. The shot blast treatment was performed on a steel grid equivalent to JIS G70 at an injection pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 (0.49 MPa). The surface roughness was measured using a contact-type surface roughness meter in accordance with JIS Z0601-1994.
[0031]
Next, the obtained valve seat was mounted on a predetermined portion of a mold corresponding to a cylinder head. Next, a molten aluminum alloy (ADC 12) was poured into the mold, and the resultant was subjected to low-pressure die casting to obtain a material equivalent to a cylinder head in which a valve seat was cast. As a comparison, a valve seat made of cast iron was cast similarly in place of the valve seat made of an iron-based sintered body. As a comparative example, a valve seat obtained by processing a part of an iron-based sintered body and a valve seat made of cast iron were pressed into a material equivalent to a cylinder head.
[0032]
With respect to these cylinder head equivalent materials, as shown in FIG. 2, a punching jig 3 is used to press a cast-in valve seat or a press-fitted valve seat 1 to measure a pulling load L when separating from the cylinder head 2. did. With respect to the obtained punching load, the bondability of each valve seat was evaluated based on the punching load in the case of a press-fitted cast iron valve seat (sample No. 8) as a reference (100).
[0033]
The obtained results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004136350
[0035]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004136350
[0036]
All of the examples of the present invention show a high withdrawal load equal to or higher than the case where the cast iron valve seat is press-fitted, and it can be seen that the jointability is high. On the other hand, the comparative examples out of the range of the present invention show only a low extraction load, and the bondability is reduced. In addition, when the valve seat made of cast iron is cast-in, the punching load is lower than that when the valve seat is press-fitted.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the joining strength of a valve seat and a cylinder head made of a light metal alloy increases remarkably, the falling off of the valve seat during engine operation can be prevented, and an industrially remarkable effect is achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in a pulling load in an example.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a method of measuring a load for removing a valve seat.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the shape of the valve seat of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the shape of the valve seat of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the shape of the valve seat of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Valve seat 2 Cylinder head 3 Removal jig 4a Vertical groove 4b Horizontal groove

Claims (7)

軽金属合金製シリンダヘッドに鋳包まれるバルブシートであって、該バルブシートが鉄系焼結体からなり、少なくとも外周面が、Rzで25〜100 μmの表面粗さを有することを特徴とする軽金属合金鋳包み用バルブシート。A valve seat cast in a light metal alloy cylinder head, wherein the valve seat is made of an iron-based sintered body, and at least an outer peripheral surface has a surface roughness of 25 to 100 μm in Rz. Valve seat for cast-in alloy. 前記バルブシートの外周面を、テーパ状に形成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバルブシート。The valve seat according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral surface of the valve seat is formed in a tapered shape. 前記バルブシートの外周面に、少なくとも1段の段差を形成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバルブシート。The valve seat according to claim 1, wherein at least one step is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the valve seat. 前記バルブシートの外周面に、少なくとも1本の縦溝および/または少なくとも1本の横溝を形成したことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。The valve seat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one vertical groove and / or at least one horizontal groove are formed on an outer peripheral surface of the valve seat. 前記鉄系焼結体が、質量%で、C:0.1 〜2.0 %を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる基地組成を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。5. The iron-based sintered body according to claim 1, wherein the iron-based sintered body contains 0.1% to 2.0% by mass of C, and has a base composition composed of a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The valve seat according to the above. 前記基地組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、Ni、Co、Cr、Mo、W、Si、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を合計で50%以下含有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のバルブシート。In addition to the above-mentioned matrix composition, one or more selected from Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Si, and V are further contained in a mass% of 50% or less in total. The valve seat according to claim 5. 前記鉄系焼結体が、体積率で5〜50%の空孔を含有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。The valve seat according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the iron-based sintered body contains pores in a volume ratio of 5 to 50%.
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