JP2004133015A - Contact type electrostatic charging member and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Contact type electrostatic charging member and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004133015A
JP2004133015A JP2002294733A JP2002294733A JP2004133015A JP 2004133015 A JP2004133015 A JP 2004133015A JP 2002294733 A JP2002294733 A JP 2002294733A JP 2002294733 A JP2002294733 A JP 2002294733A JP 2004133015 A JP2004133015 A JP 2004133015A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
charging member
coating
surface layer
layer
contact
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JP2002294733A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Osada
長田 弘行
Naoki Fuei
笛井 直喜
Hiroshi Inoue
井上 宏
Seiji Tsuru
都留 誠司
Tomoji Taniguchi
谷口 智士
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a contact type electrostatic charging member which does not give rise to the image defect caused by photoreceptor contamination and a method for manufacturing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The contact type electrostatic charging member has at least a conductive elastic layer and a surface layer containing a polyurethane resin formed by a thermosetting reaction of polyol and blocked isocyanate. The surface layer is formed by coating the member with the same coating material a plurality of times and the method is provided with a step of heat treating the coatings at a temperature of the boiling point of the main solvent of the coating materials or above and at the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate or below after at least the initial coating. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に電子写真画像形成装置に用いられる接触式帯電部材及び接触式帯電装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子写真複写機もしくはプリンタ、静電記録装置等の電子写真画像形成装置は、像担持体を帯電せしめる一次帯電手段、像担持体上の現像剤を被印刷物上に引き寄せる転写手段等というような、被帯電体を均一に帯電する手段を含んでいる。その際用いられる帯電法として、従来のコロナ帯電法よりもオゾン発生量が大幅に少ない接触式帯電法の検討が行なわれ、最近では一部において実用化されている。
【0003】
接触式帯電法とは、電圧を印加した帯電部材を被帯電体に当接させて被帯電体を帯電させるものであるが、当接部近傍の微小間隙で生じる放電現象を利用して被帯電体を帯電させる場合が一般的である。
【0004】
接触式帯電部材としては、弾性層に被帯電体と接触する表面層の2層を含む構成とし、該表面層を結着樹脂で構成するのが一般的である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
接触帯電では感光体とのニップを十分に得る為、帯電部材に弾性をもたせる必要がある。頻繁に用いられる弾性体としてはゴムが挙げられる。しかしゴムには可塑剤、架橋剤、劣化防止剤等数種の添加剤が配合されなくては目的とする弾性が得られない。これらの添加剤が表面に析出すると感光体表面を汚染し、ヒビ割れやくもりに起因した画像不良を発生してしまうという欠点を有する。
【0006】
また、帯電部材は適正な帯電性を得るため、抵抗調整剤としてイオン系導電材を弾性層に添加することがあるが、この添加剤もまた表面に析出すると感光体表面を汚染することがある。
【0007】
そこでこれらの添加剤による感光体の汚染を防止する表面層を設けてなる帯電部材が提案されている(特開昭64−066676号公報)。
【0008】
表面層はその電気抵抗が半導電性に調整されており、かつその厚みは弾性層の硬さ(軟らかさ)に影響を及ぼさない様に極めて薄く形成されなくてはならない。
【0009】
これらの特性を満足させる材料として溶剤可溶性樹脂が広く用いられ、それぞれ有機溶剤に溶かされた状態でディッピング法やロールコート法により塗布される。しかし、有機溶剤はその溶解力により、コートされる弾性層中の上述の添加剤を溶解させ、表面層中に添加剤が混入することがあり表面層を形成しても感光体汚染を起こすことがあった。
【0010】
本発明の目的は、上記のような欠点のない、即ち、感光体汚染に起因した画像不良を発生することのない接触式帯電部材、及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
(1)本発明は、少なくとも導電性弾性層と、ポリオールとブロックイソシアネートの熱硬化反応よりなるポリウレタン樹脂を含有する表面層とを有する接触式帯電部材において、前記表面層は同一塗料を複数回塗りすることにより形成され、かつ少なくとも初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱処理する工程を設けることを特徴とする接触式帯電部材である。
【0012】
(2)また、本発明は、少なくとも導電性弾性層と、ポリオールとブロックイソシアネートの熱硬化反応よりなるポリウレタン樹脂を含有する表面層とを有する接触式帯電部材の製造方法において、前記表面層は同一塗料を複数回塗りすることにより形成され、かつ少なくとも初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱処理する工程を設けることを特徴とする接触式帯電部材の製造方法である。
【0013】
本発明における帯電装置を用いた画像形成装置(複写機)の概略構成図を図1に示す。また、本発明に用いた帯電部材の一例の断面図を図2に示す。
【0014】
帯電部材(2)は、電源(3)より直流電圧あるいは直流電圧と交流電圧の重畳電圧等の振動電圧を印加する導電性基体である芯金(2a)、弾力性を付与する導電性弾性層(2b)、被帯電体と接触する表面層である被覆層(2d)からなり、必要に応じて帯電部材の抵抗を制御する抵抗制御層(2c)が弾性層(2b)の外側に設けられる。該帯電部材(2)は、図示しない押圧手段により所定の当接力をもって被帯電体(1)に当接している。図1の画像形成装置において、帯電部材(2)と被帯電体(1)はそれぞれ矢印の方向に回転し、電源(3)により印加される電圧により帯電部材(2)が当接する被帯電体の感光層(1a)が帯電し、それは露光工程(4)、現像工程(5)を経て感光層(1a)上の画像となり、転写工程(6)において被印刷物(7)上に転写された画像を形成する。(8)は感光層(1a)の清掃工程を示す。
【0015】
本出願人らが帯電部材の弾性層起因の感光体汚染について鋭意検討した結果、▲1▼弾性層の添加剤の染み出しをブロックする上で、表面層の結着樹脂としてポリウレタン樹脂は好適な材料である。
▲2▼上記ポリウレタン樹脂において、架橋タイプと線状高分子で架橋点の少ない溶剤可溶タイプを比較すると、架橋タイプの方がブロック性に優れる。
▲3▼有機溶剤に結着樹脂、導電材を溶解、分散して、複数回弾性層に塗工する場合、少なくとも初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱処理する工程を設けることで感光体汚染は激減する。
ことを見出し本発明に至った。
【0016】
以下、本発明を、詳しく説明する。
【0017】
帯電部材は多層構成をとり表面層の体積抵抗率は106〜1013Ω・cmの範囲が好ましい。また特願昭62−230334号に示されるように表面層の体積抵抗率は表面層に接する下層の体積抵抗率より大きいことが必要である。下層の体積抵抗としては100〜1011Ω・cm、特には102〜1010Ω・cmの範囲が好ましい。下層の材質としてはアルミニウム,鉄,銅等の金属,ポリアセチレン,ポリピロール,ポリチオフエン等の導電性高分子、カーボン、導電性金属酸化物、金属、イオン導電性物質等を分散させて導電性処理したゴムや絶縁性樹脂などを用いることができる。
【0018】
これら導電性物質の上に使用する表面層のポリウレタン樹脂の重合体原料としては以下に示すようなポリオール化合物並びにイソシアネート化合物がある。
【0019】
ポリオール化合物としては、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニルアセテート、ビニルアセテート誘導体を構成単位として含む共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロースアセテート、ニトロセルロース、アルキツド樹脂、フエノール樹脂、キシレン樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール及び上記混合物など末端水酸基を有する化合物などが挙げられる。
【0020】
イソシアネート化合物としては、トリレンジイソシアネート、メタキシリレンジイソシアネート、ジフエニルメタンイソシアネート、ポリメチレンポリフエニル、イソシアネートなどの芳香族イソシアネート化合物、上記イソシアネートの水添加、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートなどの脂肪族イソシアネート化合物、およびこれらのイソシアネート化合物のイソシアネート基をフエノール、ケトキシム、芳香族第2級アミン、第3級アルコール、アミド、ラクタム、複素環化合物、亜硫酸塩などでブロックしたブロツクイソシアネート化合物などが挙げられる。
【0021】
この内、本発明においては、生産における経時安定性(塗料のポットライフ、硬化膜物性)を考慮し、ブロツクイソシアネートを用いている。
【0022】
上記、ポリオール化合物とイソシアネート化合物はベンゼン、トルエン、ニトロベンゼン、ジブチルエーテル、メチルエチルケトン、ジオキサン、アセトニトリル等の限られた溶剤に溶解し、成型に下の層をおかすことのない塗工法をとることが可能である。
【0023】
また、重合体の生成を促進する触媒として、ナフテン酸マグネシウム、ナフテン酸コバルトなどのナフテン酸塩類、ジブチルスズジラウレート、ジメチルスズジラウレートなどの有機スズ化合物、N−メチルモルホリン、N,N,N′,N′−テトラメチルポリメチレンジアミンなどのアミン化合物などを添加しても良い。触媒の添加量は重合体に対し、0.001重量%〜5重量%の範囲が好ましい。
【0024】
導電材としては、酸化チタン、酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物からなる導電材、カーボンブラック、球体状炭素材料からなる導電材等があり、単独または2種類以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0025】
表面層の膜厚は1〜500μm,特には5〜500μmの範囲が好ましい。
【0026】
帯電部材の形状としてはローラ、ブラシ、ブレード、ベルトなどいずれの形状をとってもよく電子写真装置の仕様、形態にあわせて選択可能である。これらの中でもローラ形状が好ましい。
【0027】
本発明において、帯電部材の表面層は同一塗料を複数回塗りすることにより形成され、かつ少なくとも初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱処理する工程を設けることを特徴とする。
【0028】
初回の塗工においては、塗料溶剤の溶解力により、弾性層中の添加剤が塗膜中に混入しやすい。従って初回塗工後すぐに2回目の塗工を行うと、残存溶剤を多く含む塗膜が再溶解し、2回目の塗工により形成される塗膜中に添加剤が混入する。結果として、表面層の表面近傍の添加剤濃度が非常に高くなる。
【0029】
初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱することで初回塗工層中の残存溶剤が減少するため再溶解性が低下し、表面層表面近傍の添加剤濃度が低い帯電部材とすることができる。
【0030】
なお、初回塗工後にブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以上に加熱し架橋させることでも表面層表面近傍の添加剤濃度が低い帯電部材とすることができるが、この場合、以下の問題がある。
【0031】
1)初回層を架橋させた後に複数回の塗工を行うと、初回層とそれ以降の塗工層の間に界面が発生する。
【0032】
浸漬塗工、特に初回の塗工においては、帯電部材の長手方向で膜厚むらが生じやすい。このような状態で、初回層とそれ以降の塗工層の間に界面が発生すると帯電部材としての帯電特性も長手方向で異なったものとなりやすい。
【0033】
従って、界面を生じさせないようにする必要があり、そのためには解離温度以下で加熱処理する必要がある
2)多層コートの場合界面が発生すると表面性が悪化しやすく帯電が不均一となり易い
【0034】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の接触式帯電部材及び接触式帯電装置について実施例を用いて詳細に説明する。
【0035】
実施例1
I.弾性層の作成
エピクロルヒドリンゴム(三元共重合体)       100重量部
軽質炭酸カルシウム                  30重量部
可塑剤(分子量 4000)              10重量部
ステアリン酸                      1重量部
老化防止剤 MB                  0.5重量部
酸化亜鉛                        5重量部
四級アンモニウム塩                   3重量部
以上の材料を45℃に調節した密閉型ミキサーにて10分間混練して、原料コンパウンドを調整する。このコンパウンドに原料ゴムのエピクロルヒドリンゴム100重量部に対し加硫剤としての硫黄1重量部、加硫促進剤としてのDM1重量部、TS0.5重量部を加え、20℃に冷却した2本ロール機にて10分間混練する。得られたコンパウンドを、Φ6ステンレス製芯金の周囲に外径Φ15のローラ状になるように押出し成型機にて作製し、加熱蒸気加硫した後、外系がφ12になるように研磨加工を行い、弾性ローラを得た。
【0036】
II.表面層用塗料の調製:ラクトン変性アクリルポリオール(OH価90KOHmg/g)71重量部、メチルイソブチルケトン(沸点115.9℃)129重量部、導電性酸化錫50重量部の割合で配合した混合液をビーズミルにて分散させた後、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートのブタノンオキシムブロック体(解離温度130℃)をNCO/OH=1.0となるように添加、溶解し表面層用塗料を調製した。
【0037】
III.帯電部材の作成:上記表面層用塗料を前記シリコーンゴムローラーの上に、まず浸漬塗布し、10分間風乾した後、120℃−5分熱処理する。さらに上下を逆さにして、浸漬塗布し、30分風乾した後、150℃−1時間乾燥することにより厚さ20μmの表面層を有する帯電部材を得た。表層断面を光学顕微鏡で観察した結果、界面は見られなかった。
【0038】
IV.帯電部材の評価:上記の帯電部材について、下記評価を行った。
【0039】
▲1▼各帯電部材をレーザービームプリンター(レーザージェット4si ヒューレットパッカード製)に用いられるカートリッジの一次帯電器位置に取り付け、40℃/95%の環境下に2週間放置する。
【0040】
▲2▼取り出した後、23℃/60%の環境下に1日放置した後、前記レーザービームプリンターで画像評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0041】
比較例1
I.弾性層の作成:実施例1に同じ。
【0042】
II.表面層用塗料の調製:実施例1に同じ。
【0043】
III.帯電部材の作成:1回目塗工後に、風乾のみで、熱処理を行わなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ21μmの表面層を有する帯電部材を得た。
【0044】
表層断面を光学顕微鏡で観察した結果、界面は見られなかった。
【0045】
IV.帯電部材の評価:上記帯電部材を、実施例1と同じ条件で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0046】
比較例2
I.弾性層の作成:実施例1に同じ。
【0047】
III.表面層用塗料の調製:実施例1に同じ。
【0048】
III.帯電部材の作成:1回目塗工後の熱処理を150℃−5分とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、厚さ21μmの表面層を有する帯電部材を得た。
【0049】
表層断面を光学顕微鏡で観察した結果、界面が発生していた。初回塗工層の膜厚は長手方向で異なり、1回目の塗工において上側が5μm、下側が9μmであった。
【0050】
IV.帯電部材の評価:上記帯電部材を、実施例1と同じ条件で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0051】
1)画像評価1
1ドット2スペースの横ハーフトーン画像に現れる感光体ピッチの横筋を評価した。
○:横筋なし
△:横筋がわずかに確認される
×:横筋がくっきりと確認される
2)画像評価2
1ドット2スペースの横ハーフトーン画像の濃度均一性を評価した。
○:濃度ムラなし
△:わずかに濃度ムラ確認される
×:濃度ムラが激しい
【0052】
【表1】

Figure 2004133015
【0053】
【発明の効果】
感光体汚染に起因した画像不良を発生することのない接触式帯電部材、及びその製造方法を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明における接触式帯電装置を用いた画像形成装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。
【図2】本発明の接触式帯電部材の一例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 被帯電体(像担持体)
1a 導電性基体
1b 感光層
2 帯電部材
2a 導電性基体
2b 弾性層
2c 抵抗制御層
2d 被覆層
3 電源
4 露光工程
5 現像工程
6 転写工程
7 被印刷物
8 清掃工程[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a contact charging member and a contact charging device mainly used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or printer, an electrostatic recording apparatus, and the like, such as a primary charging unit for charging an image carrier, a transfer unit for attracting a developer on the image carrier to a printing medium, and the like. Means for uniformly charging the member to be charged is included. As a charging method used at that time, a contact-type charging method which generates much less ozone than the conventional corona charging method has been studied, and recently some of them have been put to practical use.
[0003]
The contact-type charging method is a method in which a charging member to which a voltage is applied is brought into contact with a member to be charged to charge the member to be charged. It is common to charge the body.
[0004]
In general, the contact type charging member has a configuration in which the elastic layer includes two surface layers that are in contact with the member to be charged, and the surface layer is generally formed of a binder resin.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In contact charging, the charging member needs to have elasticity in order to obtain a sufficient nip with the photosensitive member. A frequently used elastic body is rubber. However, rubber does not have the desired elasticity unless it is compounded with several additives such as a plasticizer, a cross-linking agent and a deterioration inhibitor. When these additives are deposited on the surface, the surface of the photoreceptor is contaminated, and there is a disadvantage that image defects are caused by cracks and clouding.
[0006]
In addition, the charging member may add an ionic conductive material to the elastic layer as a resistance adjusting agent in order to obtain appropriate charging properties. However, if this additive is also deposited on the surface, it may contaminate the photoreceptor surface. .
[0007]
Therefore, a charging member provided with a surface layer for preventing contamination of the photoreceptor by these additives has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-066676).
[0008]
The surface layer must have an electric resistance adjusted to be semiconductive, and its thickness must be formed extremely thin so as not to affect the hardness (softness) of the elastic layer.
[0009]
Solvent-soluble resins are widely used as materials satisfying these characteristics, and are applied by dipping or roll coating in a state of being dissolved in an organic solvent. However, the organic solvent dissolves the above-mentioned additives in the elastic layer to be coated due to its dissolving power, and the additives may be mixed into the surface layer. was there.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a contact-type charging member which does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks, that is, does not cause image defects due to photoconductor contamination, and a method of manufacturing the same.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
(1) The present invention relates to a contact-type charging member having at least a conductive elastic layer and a surface layer containing a polyurethane resin formed by a thermosetting reaction of a polyol and a blocked isocyanate. The contact type charging member is characterized in that it is provided with a step of performing a heat treatment at least after the initial application and at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the paint main solvent and not higher than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate.
[0012]
(2) Further, the present invention provides a method for producing a contact-type charging member having at least a conductive elastic layer and a surface layer containing a polyurethane resin obtained by a thermosetting reaction of a polyol and a blocked isocyanate, wherein the surface layer is the same. A method for producing a contact-type charging member, comprising a step of performing a heat treatment at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the coating main solvent and not higher than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate at least after the first coating, which is formed by applying the coating a plurality of times. .
[0013]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image forming apparatus (copier) using a charging device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an example of the charging member used in the present invention.
[0014]
The charging member (2) includes a metal core (2a), which is a conductive substrate to which a vibration voltage such as a DC voltage or a superposition voltage of a DC voltage and an AC voltage is applied from a power source (3), and a conductive elastic layer that imparts elasticity. (2b) A resistance control layer (2c), which comprises a coating layer (2d) that is a surface layer in contact with the member to be charged and controls the resistance of the charging member as necessary, is provided outside the elastic layer (2b). . The charging member (2) is in contact with the member to be charged (1) with a predetermined contact force by pressing means (not shown). In the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the charging member (2) and the member to be charged (1) rotate in the directions of arrows, and the member to be charged contacts the charging member (2) by the voltage applied by the power source (3). Of the photosensitive layer (1a) is charged, passes through the exposing step (4) and the developing step (5), becomes an image on the photosensitive layer (1a), and is transferred onto the printing substrate (7) in the transferring step (6). Form an image. (8) shows a step of cleaning the photosensitive layer (1a).
[0015]
As a result of the inventor's intensive studies on the contamination of the photoreceptor caused by the elastic layer of the charging member, it has been found that (1) a polyurethane resin is suitable as a binder resin for the surface layer in blocking the exudation of additives in the elastic layer. Material.
{Circle around (2)} In the above polyurethane resin, when comparing the cross-linkable type and the solvent-soluble type having a small number of cross-linking points in the linear polymer, the cross-linked type is more excellent in the blockability.
{Circle around (3)} When the binder resin and the conductive material are dissolved and dispersed in an organic solvent and applied to the elastic layer a plurality of times, at least after the initial coating, the coating is heated at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the coating main solvent and not higher than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate. By providing a process, photoreceptor contamination is drastically reduced.
This led to the present invention.
[0016]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0017]
The charging member has a multilayer structure, and the volume resistivity of the surface layer is preferably in the range of 106 to 1013 Ω · cm. As shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-230334, the volume resistivity of the surface layer needs to be larger than the volume resistivity of the lower layer in contact with the surface layer. The volume resistance of the lower layer is preferably in the range of 100 to 1011 Ω · cm, particularly preferably in the range of 102 to 1010 Ω · cm. The lower layer is made of a metal such as aluminum, iron, copper, etc., a conductive polymer such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, carbon, a conductive metal oxide, a metal, an ion conductive material, etc. Or an insulating resin can be used.
[0018]
As the polymer raw material of the polyurethane resin of the surface layer used on these conductive substances, there are a polyol compound and an isocyanate compound shown below.
[0019]
Examples of the polyol compound include polyester resin, polyether resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, a copolymer containing a vinyl acetate derivative as a constituent unit, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, alkyd resin, phenol resin, xylene resin, and polyvinyl butyral. And compounds having a terminal hydroxyl group such as the above-mentioned mixture.
[0020]
As isocyanate compounds, aromatic isocyanate compounds such as tolylene diisocyanate, meta-xylylene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane isocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl, isocyanate, water addition of the above isocyanate, aliphatic isocyanate compounds such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, and these Block isocyanate compounds in which isocyanate groups of the above isocyanate compounds are blocked with phenol, ketoxime, aromatic secondary amine, tertiary alcohol, amide, lactam, heterocyclic compound, sulfite, and the like.
[0021]
Among them, in the present invention, block isocyanate is used in consideration of the stability over time in production (pot life of paint, physical properties of cured film).
[0022]
Above, the polyol compound and the isocyanate compound can be dissolved in a limited solvent such as benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, dibutyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, and acetonitrile, and a coating method that does not disturb the lower layer during molding can be adopted. is there.
[0023]
Examples of the catalyst for promoting the formation of a polymer include naphthenates such as magnesium naphthenate and cobalt naphthenate, organic tin compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate and dimethyltin dilaurate, N-methylmorpholine, N, N, N ', N An amine compound such as' -tetramethylpolymethylenediamine may be added. The addition amount of the catalyst is preferably in the range of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight based on the polymer.
[0024]
Examples of the conductive material include a conductive material formed of a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide, a conductive material formed of carbon black and a spherical carbon material, and the like, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more. .
[0025]
The thickness of the surface layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 μm, particularly preferably 5 to 500 μm.
[0026]
The shape of the charging member may be any shape such as a roller, a brush, a blade, or a belt, and may be selected according to the specifications and form of the electrophotographic apparatus. Among these, the roller shape is preferable.
[0027]
In the present invention, the surface layer of the charging member is formed by applying the same paint a plurality of times, and is provided with a step of performing a heat treatment at least after the initial coating at a boiling point of the paint main solvent or higher and a dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate or lower. And
[0028]
In the first coating, the additive in the elastic layer is likely to be mixed into the coating film due to the dissolving power of the coating solvent. Therefore, when the second coating is performed immediately after the first coating, the coating film containing a large amount of the residual solvent is redissolved, and the additive is mixed into the coating film formed by the second coating. As a result, the additive concentration near the surface of the surface layer becomes very high.
[0029]
After the initial coating, the residual solvent in the initial coating layer is reduced by heating at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the coating main solvent and lower than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate, so that the resolubility is reduced and the additive concentration near the surface layer surface is low. It can be a charging member.
[0030]
In addition, a charging member having a low additive concentration in the vicinity of the surface layer surface can also be obtained by heating and cross-linking at a temperature higher than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate after the first coating. However, in this case, there are the following problems.
[0031]
1) When coating is performed a plurality of times after the initial layer is crosslinked, an interface is generated between the initial layer and the subsequent coating layers.
[0032]
In the dip coating, particularly in the first coating, unevenness in film thickness tends to occur in the longitudinal direction of the charging member. In such a state, if an interface occurs between the first layer and the subsequent coating layer, the charging characteristics of the charging member tend to be different in the longitudinal direction.
[0033]
Therefore, it is necessary to prevent generation of an interface, and it is necessary to perform heat treatment at a temperature equal to or lower than the dissociation temperature. 2) In the case of a multi-layer coating, if an interface is generated, the surface property is likely to be deteriorated and the charging is likely to be uneven. ]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the contact-type charging member and the contact-type charging device of the present invention will be described in detail using examples.
[0035]
Example 1
I. Preparation of elastic layer Epichlorohydrin rubber (ternary copolymer) 100 parts by weight Light calcium carbonate 30 parts by weight Plasticizer (molecular weight 4000) 10 parts by weight Stearic acid 1 part by weight Antioxidant MB 0.5 parts by weight Zinc oxide 5 parts by weight Quaternary ammonium salt A material compound of 3 parts by weight or more is kneaded for 10 minutes in a closed mixer adjusted to 45 ° C. to adjust a raw material compound. To this compound was added 1 part by weight of sulfur as a vulcanizing agent, 1 part by weight of DM as a vulcanization accelerator, and 0.5 part by weight of TS with respect to 100 parts by weight of raw material epichlorohydrin rubber, and cooled to 20 ° C. on a two-roll machine. And knead for 10 minutes. The obtained compound is produced around a Φ6 stainless steel core using an extruder so as to form a roller having an outer diameter of Φ15, and after heating and steam vulcanization, polishing is performed so that the outer system becomes Φ12. Then, an elastic roller was obtained.
[0036]
II. Preparation of paint for surface layer: A mixture prepared by mixing 71 parts by weight of lactone-modified acrylic polyol (OH value 90 KOH mg / g), 129 parts by weight of methyl isobutyl ketone (boiling point: 115.9 ° C.), and 50 parts by weight of conductive tin oxide. Was dispersed in a bead mill, and a butanone oxime block of hexamethylene diisocyanate (dissociation temperature: 130 ° C.) was added and dissolved so that NCO / OH = 1.0 to prepare a coating for a surface layer.
[0037]
III. Preparation of Charging Member: The above-mentioned coating material for a surface layer is firstly dip-coated on the silicone rubber roller, air-dried for 10 minutes, and then heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes. Further, the charging member having a surface layer having a thickness of 20 μm was obtained by dip-coating the film upside down, air-drying for 30 minutes, and drying at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. As a result of observing the surface section with an optical microscope, no interface was observed.
[0038]
IV. Evaluation of charging member: The following evaluation was performed on the charging member.
[0039]
{Circle around (1)} Each charging member is attached to a primary charging position of a cartridge used for a laser beam printer (manufactured by LaserJet 4si Hewlett-Packard) and left for two weeks in an environment of 40 ° C./95%.
[0040]
{Circle around (2)} After being taken out and left for 1 day in an environment of 23 ° C./60%, image evaluation was performed using the laser beam printer. Table 1 shows the results.
[0041]
Comparative Example 1
I. Preparation of elastic layer: Same as in Example 1.
[0042]
II. Preparation of paint for surface layer: Same as in Example 1.
[0043]
III. Preparation of Charging Member: After the first coating, a charging member having a surface layer having a thickness of 21 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that only air drying was performed and no heat treatment was performed.
[0044]
As a result of observing the cross section of the surface layer with an optical microscope, no interface was observed.
[0045]
IV. Evaluation of charging member: The charging member was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.
[0046]
Comparative Example 2
I. Preparation of elastic layer: Same as in Example 1.
[0047]
III. Preparation of paint for surface layer: Same as in Example 1.
[0048]
III. Preparation of Charging Member: A charging member having a surface layer having a thickness of 21 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment after the first coating was performed at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes.
[0049]
As a result of observing the surface section with an optical microscope, an interface was found to have occurred. The thickness of the first coating layer was different in the longitudinal direction, and was 5 μm on the upper side and 9 μm on the lower side in the first coating.
[0050]
IV. Evaluation of charging member: The charging member was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.
[0051]
1) Image evaluation 1
The horizontal streak of the photoconductor pitch appearing in the horizontal halftone image of one dot and two spaces was evaluated.
:: No horizontal streaks △: Slight horizontal streaks observed X: Horizontal streaks clearly confirmed 2) Image evaluation 2
The density uniformity of the horizontal halftone image of one dot and two spaces was evaluated.
:: No density unevenness Δ: Slight density unevenness confirmed X: Density unevenness is severe [0052]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004133015
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
It is possible to provide a contact-type charging member that does not cause image defects due to photoconductor contamination, and a method of manufacturing the same.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus using a contact-type charging device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a contact-type charging member of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Charged body (image carrier)
1a conductive substrate 1b photosensitive layer 2 charging member 2a conductive substrate 2b elastic layer 2c resistance control layer 2d coating layer 3 power supply 4 exposure step 5 developing step 6 transfer step 7 printed material 8 cleaning step

Claims (2)

少なくとも導電性弾性層と、ポリオールとブロックイソシアネートの熱硬化反応よりなるポリウレタン樹脂を含有する表面層とを有する接触式帯電部材において、前記表面層は同一塗料を複数回塗りすることにより形成され、かつ少なくとも初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱処理する工程を設けることを特徴とする接触式帯電部材。In a contact-type charging member having at least a conductive elastic layer and a surface layer containing a polyurethane resin formed by a thermosetting reaction of a polyol and a blocked isocyanate, the surface layer is formed by applying the same paint a plurality of times, and A contact-type charging member, comprising a step of performing a heat treatment at least after the initial coating at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the paint main solvent and not higher than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate. 少なくとも導電性弾性層と、ポリオールとブロックイソシアネートの熱硬化反応よりなるポリウレタン樹脂を含有する表面層とを有する接触式帯電部材の製造方法において、前記表面層は同一塗料を複数回塗りすることにより形成され、かつ少なくとも初回塗工後に塗料主溶剤の沸点以上ブロックイソシアネートの解離温度以下で加熱処理する工程を設けることを特徴とする接触式帯電部材の製造方法。In a method for producing a contact-type charging member having at least a conductive elastic layer and a surface layer containing a polyurethane resin formed by a thermosetting reaction of a polyol and a blocked isocyanate, the surface layer is formed by applying the same paint a plurality of times. And a step of performing a heat treatment at least after the initial coating at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of the paint main solvent and not higher than the dissociation temperature of the blocked isocyanate.
JP2002294733A 2002-10-08 2002-10-08 Contact type electrostatic charging member and method for manufacturing the same Withdrawn JP2004133015A (en)

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