JP2004124080A - Viscosity index improving agent and lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Viscosity index improving agent and lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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JP2004124080A
JP2004124080A JP2003205791A JP2003205791A JP2004124080A JP 2004124080 A JP2004124080 A JP 2004124080A JP 2003205791 A JP2003205791 A JP 2003205791A JP 2003205791 A JP2003205791 A JP 2003205791A JP 2004124080 A JP2004124080 A JP 2004124080A
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viscosity index
monomer
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index improver
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JP3996558B2 (en
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Takeshi Yuki
由岐 剛
Minoru Nishida
西田 稔
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Sanyo Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • C10M145/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improving agent with excellent viscosity index improving effect, shear stability and viscosity at low temperatures. <P>SOLUTION: The viscosity index improving agent for lubricating oil is composed of an oil-soluble copolymer (A) comprising 5-90wt.% of (a) a monomer unit of CH<SB>2</SB>=C(R<SB>1</SB>)-COO(A-O)<SB>n</SB>-R (1), wherein R<SB>1</SB>represents H or a methyl group, A represents a C<SB>2-4</SB>alkylene group, R represents a C<SB>18-36</SB>branched chain alkyl group and n represents an integer of 0-20, 5-90wt.% of (b) one or more monomer units selected from (b1) an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an 8-17C alkyl group and (b2) an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an 18-24C straight chain alkyl group and 5-50wt.% of (c) a monomer unit having one or more hydroxy, amide, and carboxy groups, and having weight-average molecular weight of 3,000-1,000,000. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粘度指数向上剤、粘度指数向上剤組成物、それらを含む潤滑油組成物に関する。詳しくは、粘度指数向上能に優れた粘度指数向上剤、粘度指数向上剤組成物、それらを含む潤滑油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、地球環境保護の気運が高まり、自動車の省燃費性がより一層要求されてきている。省燃費化の1つの手段として潤滑油の低粘度化による摩擦損失の低減が挙げられる。しかしながら、単に低粘度化すると液漏れや焼き付きといった問題が生じてくる。この問題を解決するには、一般に粘度指数を上げることが必要とされ、従来から各種のポリメタクリレート系共重合体からなる粘度指数向上剤が提案(例えば、特許文献−1〜4参照)されており、炭素数1〜24のアルキル(メタ)アクリレートとヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートとの共重合体が提案されている(例えば特許文献−5参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献−1】特開平7−48421号公報
【特許文献−2】特開平7−62372号公報
【特許文献−3】特許公報第2732187号
【特許文献−4】特許公報第2941392号
【特許文献−5】特許2732187号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来のポリメタクリレート系粘度指数向上剤は、粘度指数向上効果においても、また剪断安定性および低温粘度においても不十分であるという問題点があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決する手段】
本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、特定の単量体から構成される重合体が、粘度指数向上能およびせん断安定性に優れていることを見出し本発明に至った。
すなわち本発明は、一般式(1)で示される単量体(a)の単位を5〜90重量%、炭素数8〜17のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b1)および炭素数18〜24の直鎖アルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b2)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の単量体(b)の単位を5〜90重量%、並びに水酸基、アミド基およびカルボキシル基からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の基を有する単量体(c)の単位を5〜50重量%含有し、3,000〜1,000,000の重量平均分子量を有する油溶性共重合体(A)からなる潤滑油用粘度指数向上剤、
CH=C(R)−COO(A−O)n−R      (1)
式中、Rは水素原子またはメチル基、Aは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、Rは炭素数18〜36の分岐アルキル基であり、該分岐アルキル基中の連続するメチレン基の数は16個以下であり、nは0または1〜20の整数である。;20〜90重量%の該粘度指数向上剤および10〜80重量%の希釈剤からなる粘度指数向上剤組成物;並びに、基油と該粘度指数向上剤からなり、粘度指数向上剤を潤滑油組成物の重量に基づいて0.01〜45重量%の量含有する潤滑油組成物;である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
単量体(a)について説明する。
本発明における一般式(1)において、nは好ましくは10以下、さらに好ましくは5以下、特に0である。
一般式(1)におけるAは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基であり、具体的にはエチレン基、1,2−および1,3−プロピレン基、1,2−、1,3−および1,4−ブチレン基が挙げられる。これらのうち好ましいのはエチレン基、1,2−プロピレン基およびこれらの併用である。
は好ましくはメチル基である。
分岐アルキル基Rの炭素数は粘度指数と低温粘度の観点から好ましくは20〜32、更に好ましくは20〜28、特に好ましくは20〜24、最も好ましくは24である。
Rは通常16以下、粘度指数および低温粘度の観点から好ましくは2〜14、さらに好ましくは4〜14、特に好ましくは6〜14、最も好ましくは10〜12のポリメチレン基を有する。なお、ポリメチレン基における炭素数には末端のメチル基の炭素原子も含まれる。
Rは通常1〜17個、好ましくは1〜12個、特に1〜6個、とりわけ1個の分岐を有する。
好ましいRは一般式(2)で示される基である。
【0007】
【化3】

Figure 2004124080
【0008】
式(2)において、pは0または1〜15の整数、R’およびR’’は、同じまたは異なるC1−16(炭素数1〜16を表す場合C1−16と表し、以下同様の表現を用いる。)の直鎖アルキル基およびC3−34の分岐アルキル基である。
【0009】
Rの具体例としては、以下の基が挙げられる。
1)C15−16のポリメチレン基を有する基:
例えば、1−C1−18アルキル−ヘキサデシル基(例えば1−オクチルヘキサデシル基)および2−C1−16アルキル−オクタデシル基(例えば2−エチルオクタデシル、2−テトラデシルオクタデシルおよび2−ヘキサデシルオクタデシル基);
2)C13−14のポリメチレン基を有する基:
例えば、1−C1−20アルキル−テトラデシル基(例えば1−ヘキシルテトラデシル、1−デシルテトラデシル、1−ウンデシルトリデシル基)および2−C1−18アルキル−ヘキサデシル基(例えば2−エチルヘキサデシルおよび2−ドデシルヘキサデシル基);
3)C10−12のポリメチレン基を有する基:
例えば1−C1−22アルキル−ドデシル基(例えば1−オクチルドデシル基)、2−C1−22アルキル−ドデシル基(例えば2−ヘキシルドデシルおよび2−オクチルドデシル基)および2−C1−20アルキル−テトラデシル基(例えば2−ヘキシルテトラデシルおよび2−デシルテトラデシル基);
4)C6−9のポリメチレン基を有する基:
例えば、2−C1−24アルキル−デシル基(例えば2−オクチルデシル基)および2,4−ジC1−23アルキル−デシル基(例えば2−エチル−4−ブチル−デシル基);
5)C1−5のポリメチレン基を有する基:
例えば、2−(3−メチルヘキシル)−7−メチル−デシルおよび2−(1,4,4−トリメチルブチル)−5,7,7−トリメチル−オクチル基;
6)分岐アルキル基の2個またはそれ以上の混合物:
例えば、プロピレンオリゴマー(6量体〜11量体)、エチレン/プロピレンオリゴマー(モル比16/1〜1/11)、イソブテンオリゴマー(5〜8量体)、およびC5−17のα−オレフィンオリゴマー(2〜6量体)などに対応するオキソアルコールのアルキル残基。2−イソオクチルイソドデシル基(『日産化学工業製:ファインオキソコール2000』の水酸基を除いた残基)、2−イソウンデシルイソペンタデシル基(『日産化学工業製:ファインオキソコール2600』の水酸基を除いた残基)。
【0010】
これらのうちで好ましいのは一般式(2)で示される基であり、特にpが0または1(とりわけ1)、R’およびR’’が直鎖C6−16(特にC8−14)アルキル基および分岐C6−18(特にC8−14)アルキル基が好ましい。最も好ましいのは、pが1でR’とR’’が直鎖C8−140アルキルである。とりわけ好ましくは、低温粘度と粘度指数の観点から、pが1でR’とR’’が直鎖C8−10アルキルと直鎖C10−12アルキル基の組み合わせであり、Rとしては、2−直鎖C8−10アルキル−直鎖C12−14アルキル基である。
【0011】
好ましい(a)の具体例としては、2−オクチルドデシルメタクリレート(以下O−DMと略記)、2−デシルテトラデシルメタクリレート(以下D−TMと略記);1−オクチルドデシル、2−ヘキシルドデシル、2−ヘキシルテトラデシル、1−ヘキシルテトラデシル、1−デシルテトラデシル、1−ウンデシルトリデシル、2−エチルヘキサデシル、2−ドデシルヘキサデシル、2−オクチルドデシルオキシエチルおよび2−デシルテトラデシルオキシエチルメタクリレート;並びに、これらに対応するアクリレート(例えば2−オクチルドデシルアクリレート、2−デシルテトラデシルアクリレートなど)が挙げられる。
これらのうちで好ましいのは2−オクチルドデシルおよび2−デシルテトラデシルアクリレート、O−DMおよびD−TM、特に好ましくは、O−DMおよびD−TM、とりわけ好ましくはD−TMである。
【0012】
単量体(b)について説明する。
単量体(b)には、炭素数8〜17のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b1)および炭素数18〜24の直鎖アルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b2)が含まれる。
【0013】
(b1)には、直鎖C8−17アルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b11)および分岐C8−17アルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b12)が含まれる。
(b11)としては、例えばn−ドデシル、n−テトラデシル、n−ヘキサデシルおよびn−オクタデシルメタクリレート(以下、それぞれDDM、TDM、HDMおよびODMと略記する)、並びにn−オクチル、n−ノニル、n−デシル、n−トリデシルおよびn−ペンタデシルメタクリレートなどが挙げられ、さらにこれらに対応するアクリレート、例えばn−ドデシルアクリレート(以下、DDAと略記)など、およびチーグラーアルコールの(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。
(b12)としては、例えばi−オクチル、2−エチルヘキシル、i−ノニル、i−デシル、i−ドデシル、2−メチルウンデシル、i−トリデシル、2−メチルドデシル、i−テトラデシル、2−メチルトリデシル、i−ペンタデシルおよび2−メチルテトラデシル(メタ)アクリレートが挙げられる。
(b1)としてはさらに、直鎖C8−17アルコールおよび分岐C8−17アルコールの混合物の(メタ)アクリレート(b13)が挙げられる。
(b11)と(b12)の混合物としては、例えばオキソアルコールの(メタ)アクリレートが挙げられ、オキソアルコールとしては、「ネオドール23」および「ネオドール45」(シェル化学株式会社製)、「ドバノール23」および「ドバノール45」(三菱化学株式会社製)、並びに「オキソコール1213」および「オキソコール1415」(日産化学株式会社製)などが挙げられる。
【0014】
(b1)のうちで好ましいのは、粘度指数および低温粘度の観点から、C12−17(さらにC12−15)アルキル(メタ)アクリレート、特に直鎖C12−17(さらにC12−15)アルキル(メタ)アクリレートである。
【0015】
(b2)には直鎖C18−24アルキル(メタ)アクリレート、例えばn−オクタデシル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ノナデシル(メタ)アクリレート、n−エイコシルメタクリレート(以下、ESMと略記)、n−エイコシルアクリレート、n−ドコシル(メタ)アクリレートおよびn−テトラコシル(メタ)アクリレートが含まれる。(b2)のうち、粘度指数および低温粘度の観点から好ましいのはn−オクタデシル(メタ)アクリレートである。
【0016】
単量体(c)について説明する。
単量体(c)には、水酸基含有単量体(c1)、アミド基含有単量体(c2)およびカルボキシル基含有単量体(c3)が含まれる。
これらの単量体の例を以下に挙げる。
【0017】
単量体(c1)としては以下の(c11)〜(c16)が挙げられる。
(c11)水酸基含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステル:
(c111)一般式(3)で示される(メタ)アクリレート;
CH=C(R)−COO−(A−O)m−H      (3)
式中、RおよびAは一般式(1)におけると同じ、mは1〜20(好ましくは1)の整数である。(c111)としては、例えば2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(以下、HEMAと略記)、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(以下、HEAと略記)、2−ヒドロキシプロピルメタアクリレート(以下、HPMAと略記)、2−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、3−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレートおよび2−ヒドロキシエトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートなどのC2−4ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートなど。
(c112)3〜8個の水酸基を含有する多価アルコールの(メタ)アクリレート;
多価アルコールとしては、例えばC3−12のアルカンポリオール、その分子内もしくは分子間脱水物および糖類など(例えばグリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ジグリセリン、蔗糖、メチルグルコシドなど)が挙げられ、それらの(メタ)アクリレートとしてはグリセリンモノ−およびジ−(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンモノ−およびジ−(メタ)アクリレート並びに蔗糖(メタ)アクリレートなど。
(c12)C2−12のアルケノール;:
ビニルアルコール(酢酸ビニル単位の加水分解により形成される)、及びC3−12のアルケノール[(メタ)アリルアルコール、(イソ)プロペニルアルコール、クロチルアルコール、1−ブテン−3−オール、1−ブテン−4−オール、1−オクテノール、1−ウンデセノールおよび1−ドデセノールなど]。
(c13)C4−12のアルケンジオール;
2−ブテン−1,4−ジオールなど。
(c14)炭素数3〜12のアルケニル基を有する水酸基含有アルケニルエーテル;
例えばC1−6ヒドロキシアルキルC3−12アルケニルエーテル[例えば2−ヒドロキシエチルプロペニルエーテル、並びに(c112)で挙げた多価アルコールのC3−12アルケニルエーテル{トリメチロールプロパンモノ−およびジ−(メタ)アリルエーテルおよび蔗糖(メタ)アリルエーテルなど}]。
(c15)水酸基含有芳香族単量体;
o−、m−またはp−ヒドロキシスチレンなど。
(c16)単量体(c11)〜(c15)の(ポリ)オキシアルキレンエーテル;
(c11)〜(c15)の水酸基のうちの少なくとも1個が−O−(A−O)n−A−OHで置換された単量体[但し、Aおよびnは一般式(1)と同じ]。
【0018】
(c1)のうちで好ましいのは(c12)、(c14)、(c15)、(c16)および(c11)、特に(c111)である。とりわけ好ましいのはHEA、特にHEMAである。
【0019】
単量体(c2)としては以下の(c21)および(c22)が挙げられる。
(c21)下記一般式(4)で示される(メタ)アクリルアミド類:
【0020】
【化4】
Figure 2004124080
【0021】
式中、Rは水素原子またはメチル基、RおよびRはそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基および炭素数1〜4のヒドロキシアルキル基から選ばれる基である。具体例としてはは以下の(c211)〜(212)が挙げられる。
(c211)非置換およびアルキル置換アクリルアミド;
例えば、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド(以下、AAmと略記)、N−モノ−C1−4アルキルおよびN,N−ジ−C1−4アルキル−置換(メタ)アクリルアミド[(ジ)メチル、(ジ)エチル、(ジ)i−プロピル、(ジ)n−ブチルおよび(ジ)i−ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]。
(c212)ヒドロキシアルキル置換アクリルアミド;
例えばN−モノ−C1−4ヒドロキシアルキルおよびN,N−ジ−C1−4ヒドロキシアルキル置換(メタ)アクリルアミド[N−ヒドロキシメチル、N,N−ジヒドロキシメチル、N,N−ジ−2−ヒドロキシエチル、N,N−ジ−4−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]。
【0022】
(c22)N−ビニルカルボン酸アミド:
例えばアシル系N−ビニルカルボン酸アミド[N−ビニルホルムアミド、N−ビニルアセトアミド、N−ビニルn−およびi−プロピオンアミド並びにN−ビニルヒドロキシアセトアミドなど]およびN−ビニルラクタム[N−ビニルピロリドンなど]。
【0023】
(c2)のうちで好ましいのは(c211)、特に(メタ)アクリルアミド、とりわけAAmである。
【0024】
単量体(c3)としては以下の(c31)〜(c33)が挙げられる。
(c31)不飽和モノカルボン酸[メタクリル酸(以下、MAAと略記)、アクリル酸、(イソ)クロトン酸およびシンナミック酸など]。
(c32)不飽和ジカルボン酸[マレイン酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、メサコン酸など]、および(c33)不飽和ジカルボン酸のモノC1−8アルキルエステル[モノアルキルマレート、モノアルキルフマレートおよびモノアルキルイタコネートなど]。
【0025】
単量体(c)のうちで、粘度指数および剪断安定性の観点から好ましいのは(c2)、特に(c1)である。
【0026】
共重合体(A)は、さらに1種または2種以上の他の単量体の単位を含有してもよい。これらの任意の単量体としては、以下の単量体(d)、(e)、(f)、(g)、(h)、(i)、(j)および(k)が挙げられる。
【0027】
単量体(d):(a)および(b)以外のアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、
(d1)C1−4アルキル(メタ)アクリレート[メチル、エチル、n−およびi−プロピル、並びにn−、i−、sec−およびt−ブチル(メタ)アクリレートなど];
(d2)C5−7アルキル(メタ)アクリレート[n−、ネオ−およびイソ−ペンチル、並びにn−およびイソ−ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレートなど];
(d3)17個以上の炭素数のポリメチレン基を有する分岐C18−36アルキル(メタ)アクリレート[2−メチル−ノナデシルメタクリレート(以下、M−NMと略記)など]。
(d)のうち好ましいのは(d1)、特にメチルメタクリレート(以下、MMAと略記)である。
【0028】
単量体(e):炭素数2〜20の不飽和炭化水素、
(e1)不飽和脂肪族C2−20炭化水素[C2−20アルケン(エチレン、プロピレン、イソブテン、ブテン、ペンテン、ヘプテン、ジイソブチレン、オクテン、ドデセンおよびオクタデセン)、C4−12アルカジエン(ブタジエン、イソプレン、1,4−ペンタジエン、1,6−ヘプタジエンおよび1,7−オクタジエン)];
(e2)不飽和脂環式C5−20炭化水素[シクロアルケン(シクロヘキセンなど)、ジシクロアルカジエン(シクロペンタジエンおよびジシクロペンタジエンなど)、環式テルペン(ピネンおよびリモネンなど)、ビニル(ジ)シクロアルケン(ビニルシクロヘキセンなど)、エチリデン(ジ)シクロアルケン(エチリデンビシクロヘプテンおよびエチリデンノルボルネンなど)および芳香環含有シクロアルケン(インデンなど)];
(e3)不飽和芳香族炭化水素[スチレンおよびその誘導体、例えばC1−20ハイドロカルビル置換スチレン(α−メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、2,4−ジメチルスチレン、4−エチルスチレン、4−イソプロピルスチレン、4−ブチルスチレン、4−フェニルスチレン、4−シクロヘキシルスチレン、4−ベンジルスチレンおよび4−クロチルベンゼンなど)およびC2−10アルケニルナフタレン(2−ビニルナフタレンなど)]。
【0029】
単量体(f):ビニルケトン[C1−10アルキルまたはC6−8アリールビニルケトン(メチルビニルケトン、エチルビニルケトンおよびフェニルビニルケトンなど]。
【0030】
単量体(g):エポキシ基含有不飽和単量体[エポキシ基含有アクリル系単量体{グリシジル(メタ)アクリレートなど}およびエポキシ基含有C2−10アルケニル(好ましくはC3−6アルケニル)エーテル{グリシジル(メタ)アリルエーテルなど}]。
【0031】
単量体(h):ハロゲン原子含有不飽和単量体[ビニルまたはビニリデンハロゲン化物(塩化ビニル、臭化ビニルおよび塩化ビニリデン)、C3−6アルケニルハロゲン化物{塩化(メタ)アリル}およびハロゲン置換スチレン{(ジ)クロロスチレン}など]。
【0032】
単量体(i):アルキルアルケニルエーテル、
1−10アルキルC2−10アルケニルエーテル[アルキルビニルエーテル(メチルビニルエーテル、n−プロピルビニルエーテルおよびエチルビニルエーテル)並びにアルキル(メタ)アリルエーテルおよび(イソ)プロペニルエーテル(メチルアリルエーテルおよびエチルアリルエーテル)など];
単量体(j):アルケニルカルボキシレート、
2−10アルケニルC1−20カルボキシレート[酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ヘキサン酸ビニル、ヘプタン酸ビニル、2−エチルヘキサン酸ビニルおよびn−オクタン酸ビニルなど]。(j)のうちで好ましいのは酢酸ビニルおよびプロピオン酸ビニルである。
【0033】
単量体(k):(c2)以外の窒素原子含有不飽和単量体、
(k1)少なくとも1個の1級、2級および3級アミノ基を含むアミノ基含有単量体、
(k11)アミノ基含有脂肪族単量体、
(k111)一般式D−NHDで示されるモノ−およびジ−アルケニルアミン(但し、式中Dは水素原子またはD、DはC2−10、好ましくはC3−6のアルケニル基)[例えば(ジ)(メタ)アリルアミンおよび(イソ)クロチルアミン];(k112)アミノ基含有アクリル系単量体、
アミノ基含有(メタ)アクリレート[(モノ−C1−4アルキル)アミノC2−6アルキル(メタ)アクリレート{アミノエチル、アミノプロピル、メチルアミノエチル、エチルアミノエチル、ブチルアミノエチルおよびメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレート}、ジ−C1−4アルキルアミノC2−6アルキル(メタ)アクリレート{ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートおよびジブチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート}]およびこれらの(メタ)アクリレートに対応するアミノ基含有(メタ)アクリルアミドなど;
(k12)アミノ基含有複素環式単量体、
アミノ基含有複素環式アクリル系単量体[モルホリノ−C2−4アルキル(メタ)アクリレート{モルホリノエチル(メタ)アクリレート}]、ビニル置換複素環式アミン[ビニルピリジン(4−および2−ビニルピリジン)]、N−ビニルピロールおよびN−ビニルピロリジンなど;。
(k13)アミノ基含有芳香族単量体、
アミノスチレン類[アミノスチレンおよび(ジ)メチルアミノスチレンなど]。(k14)(k11)〜(k13)の塩[塩酸塩、リン酸塩およびC1−8のカルボン酸塩];
【0034】
(k2)第4級アンモニウム塩基含有単量体、
(k11)〜(k13)の4級化によって得られる第4級アンモニウム塩であって、4級化剤としてはC1−8アルキルハロゲン化物(メチルクロライドなど)、ベンジルハライド(塩化ベンジルなど)、ジC1−2アルキルサルフェート(ジメチルサルフェートおよびジエチルサルフェート)およびジC1−2アルキルカーボネート(ジメチルカーボネートなど)が使用できる。
また、(k2)には、1種または2種以上のC2−4アルキレンオキサイド(エチレンオキサイドおよびプロピレンオキサイド)で(k14)を4級化することにより得られ第4級アンモニウム塩も含まれる。
【0035】
(k3)ニトリルまたはニトロ基含有単量体[(メタ)アクリロニトリルおよびニトロスチレンなど]。
【0036】
単量体(m):不飽和ジカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、
不飽和ジカルボン酸(マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸およびシトラコン酸など)ジC1−40(好ましくはC1−20)ハイドロカルビル(アルキル、シクロアルキルおよびアラルキル)エステル[ジメチル、ジエチルおよびジオクチルマレート、並びに対応するフマレートおよびイタコネートなど]。
【0037】
共重合体(A)の単量体組成については以下の通りである。
(A)は、粘度指数、剪断安定性および低温粘度の観点から、単量体の全重量に基づいて、下記表1に示した重量%の単量体の単位を含有する。
【0038】
【表1】
Figure 2004124080
【0039】
(A)が清浄性を必要とされる場合は、単量体(k)[特に(k112)および(k121)、とりわけジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートおよびモルホリノエチル(メタ)アクリレート]を少なくとも0.1重量%(以下において、特に限定しない限り、%は重量%を表す)、特に、少なくとも0.5%使用することが好ましい。
【0040】
共重合体(A)は、通常、25℃の鉱物油100部に、少なくとも0.5部、好ましくは少なくとも2部、更に好ましくは少なくとも30部、特に好ましくは少なくとも70部溶解する。
【0041】
(A)の、ポリスチレンを標準としたゲルパーミュエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される重量平均分子量(Mw)は、3,000〜1,000,000である。基油の種類および(A)の添加の目的によって異なるが、剪断安定性の観点から、(A)のMwは好ましくは下記表2に記載の範囲である。(A)のMwは、重合時の温度、単量体濃度(溶媒濃度)、触媒量または連鎖移動剤量などにより調整できる。
【0042】
【表2】
Figure 2004124080
【0043】
(A)は通常8.6〜11、基油への溶解性と粘度指数向上効果の観点から好ましくは9.2〜10.5、特に9.4〜9.8のSP値を有する。SP値はFedorsによる方法[Polym.Eng.Sci.14(2)152,(1974)]によって計算できる。
(A)のSP値は、構成単位のそれぞれのSP値を計算し、目的のSP値になるように単量体の種類とモル比を採択することにより調整できる。
例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルの場合、アルキル基の長さによりSP値を調整することができる。
【0044】
(A)は、抗乳化性の観点から好ましくは0.5〜7、さらに好ましくは1〜6.5、特に1.5〜6のHLBを有する。本発明におけるHLBは小田法のHLBであり、有機化合物の有機性と無機性の概念(「新.界面活性剤入門」藤本武彦著、三洋化成工業株式会社発行、p197−201)に基づいて定義されるものである。
【0045】
(A)は、公知の製造方法によって得ることができる。例えば前記の単量体を溶剤中で重合触媒存在下にラジカル重合することにより得られる。
【0046】
溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレンまたはC9−10のアルキルベンゼンなどの芳香族溶剤、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、シクロヘキサンおよびオクタンなどの脂肪族C6−18炭化水素、2−プロパノール、1−ブタノールまたは2−ブタノールなどのC3−8のアルコール系溶剤、メチルエチルケトンなどのケトン系溶剤および鉱物油などが使用できる。溶解性の観点から好ましくはアルコール系溶剤であり、特に好ましくは2−プロパノールである。
重合触媒としては、アゾ系触媒[例えば、2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’−アゾビス(2−メチルブチロニトリル)、2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)(以下、ADVNと略記)、ジメチル2,2−アゾビスイソブチレートなど]、過酸化物系触媒[例えば、t−ブチルパーオキシピバレート、t−ヘキシルパーオキシピバレート、t−ブチルパーオキシネオヘプタノエート、t−ブチルパーオキシネオデカノエート、t−ブチルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキサノエート、t−ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、t−アミルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキサノエート、1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチルパーオキシ2−エチルヘキサノエート、ジブチルパーオキシトリメチルアジペート、ベンゾイルパーオキシド、クミルパーオキシド、ラウリルパーオキシドなど]が使用できる。
さらに、必要により連鎖移動剤[例えば、C2−20のアルキルメルカプタンなど]を使用することもできる。反応温度としては、50〜140℃、好ましくは60〜120℃である。また、上記の溶液重合の他に、塊状重合、乳化重合または懸濁重合により得ることもできる。さらに、共重合体の重合様式としては、ランダム付加重合または交互共重合のいずれでもよく、また、グラフト共重合またはブロック共重合のいずれでもよい。
【0047】
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、無溶剤または粘度指数向上剤組成物(希釈剤に溶解した溶液)の形態である。粘度指数向上剤組成物の方が基油に溶解し易いという点で好ましい。粘度指数向上剤組成物としては、溶液重合で得られたものおよび希釈剤中に(A)を溶解して得られるものが挙げられる。
希釈剤としては、脂肪族溶剤[C6−18の脂肪族炭化水素(ヘキサン、ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、オクタン、デカリン、灯油など)];芳香族溶剤{C7−15の芳香族溶剤[トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、C9の芳香族混合溶剤(トリメチルベンゼン、エチルトルエンなどの混合物)、C1011の芳香族混合溶剤など]、鉱物油[例えば、溶剤精製油、パラフィン油、イソパラフィンを含有するおよびまたは水素化分解による高粘度指数油、ナフテン油]、合成潤滑油[炭化水素系合成潤滑油(ポリαオレフィン系合成潤滑油)、エステル系合成潤滑油]などであり、これらのうち好ましいものは鉱物油、合成潤滑油である。特に好ましくは鉱物油である。
【0048】
粘度指数向上剤組成物において、(A)の割合は20〜90%、さらに好ましくは30〜85%、特に40〜80%であり、希釈剤は10〜80%、好ましくは15〜70%、特に20〜60%である。
【0049】
本発明の潤滑油組成物において、粘度指数向上剤が添加される基油としては特に限定されない。
基油は、100℃における動粘度が1〜18mm/s、好ましくは2〜15mm/sである。
基油は、その粘度指数が好ましくは60以上、さらに好ましくは100以上、特に好ましくは105以上であり、好ましくは180以下、特に170以下である。
このような基油に本発明の粘度指数向上剤を配合した潤滑油組成物は、粘度指数がさらに高くなり省燃費性が良好となる。
【0050】
また、基油の流動点(JIS K2269−1993年)は−5℃以下、さらに−10℃〜−70℃が好ましい。基油の流動点がこの範囲であるとワックスの析出量が少なく低温粘度が良好である。基油としては、溶剤精製油、イソパラフィンを含有するおよびまたは水素化分解による高粘度指数油、炭化水素系合成潤滑油(ポリαオレフィン系合成潤滑油)、エステル系合成潤滑油およびナフテン油などが挙げられる。これらは単独でも2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0051】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、デファレンシャル油および工業用ギヤ油などのギヤ油、マニュアルトランスミッション油(以下、MTFと略記)、オートマチックトランスミッション油(以下、ATFと略記)およびベルト−CVTFなどの変速機油、トロイダル−CVT油などのトラクション油、ショックアブソーバー油、パワーステアリング油、建設機械用作動油および工業用作動油などの作動油、並びにエンジン油などに好適に用いられる。これらのうち好ましいのはデファレンシャル油、ATF、ベルト−CVT油、エンジン油およびMTFでる。さらに好ましくはデファレンシャル油、ATF、ベルト−CVT油およびMTFである。
【0052】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、潤滑油組成物の重量中の共重合体(A)の含量が好ましくは0.01〜45%である。
【0053】
(A)を粘度指数向上剤として使用する場合は潤滑油組成物中に(A)が好ましくは少なくとも1%、さらに好ましくは少なくとも5%、特に8%である。また流動点降下剤として使用する場合は(A)は通常0.01〜3%である。
【0054】
(A)の好ましい含量は、潤滑油組成物の用途と、基油の動粘度によって下記表3の範囲である。
【0055】
【表3】
Figure 2004124080
【0056】
さらに本発明の潤滑油組成物は、(A)以外のアルキル(メタ)アクリレート系共重合体(B)を含有してもよい。
(B)は前述の(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)および(e)〜(m)からなる群から選ばれる2種またはそれ以上からなる共重合体であり、(a)、(b)および(c)のうちの1種以上を5%未満、(a)および(b)の1種以上を90%を超える量、(c)を50%を超える量、または(d)を15%を超える量からなる共重合体である。
【0057】
好ましい(B)としては、例えば、2種以上の(b)からなる共重合体(B1)および少なくとも1種の(b)と少なくとも1種の(c)からなる共重合体(B2)が挙げられる。
【0058】
(B)は、好ましくは(b)の単位を60〜100%(特に65〜100%)含有し、(c)の単位を好ましくは0〜40%(特に0〜35%)含有する。
(B1)は、好ましくはC12−18アルキル(メタ)アクリレートの単位を含有する。(B)を構成するアルキル(メタ)アクリレートのアルキル基は12〜16の平均炭素数(以下、Cavと略記)を有する。
(B)は好ましくは主として直鎖アルキル(メタ)アクリレート単位を含有し、0〜30%の分岐アルキル(メタ)アクリレート単位を有する。
(B1)と(B2)の具体例としては、DDM/ODM(60〜90%/10〜40%、Cav=12.5〜14.0)、DDM/HDM(50〜90%/10〜50%、Cav=12.3〜13.8)、DDM/TDM(30〜90%/10〜70%、Cav=12.2〜13.4)およびDDA/DDM(10〜40%/90〜60%、Cav=12)の共重合体、並びにDDM/TDM/HDM/MMA(20〜45%/20〜45%/0〜20%/0.2〜20%、Cav=8.1〜13.5)の共重合体などが挙げられる。
【0059】
(B)のMwは、好ましくは5,000〜1,000,000、さらに好ましくは10,000〜250,000である。
【0060】
(B)は上記の(A)と同様の方法で製造でき、(A)と同様の組成物(希釈剤による希釈物)の形態で使用できる。
【0061】
(A)と(B)は、それぞれ別に基油に添加してもよく、またそれらの混合物として添加してもよい。
【0062】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、(A)と(B)の合計で0.5〜45%の量を含有することができる。(A)と(B)の合計の好ましい範囲は、潤滑油がエンジン油およびトラクション油の場合は0.5〜15%、ギヤ油、MTFの場合は2〜40%、ATF、ベルト−CVTFの場合は2〜35%および作動油の場合は0.5〜25%である。
【0063】
(A)と(B)は、低温粘度の観点から、好ましくは少なくとも70/30の重量比、さらに好ましくは80/20〜99.9/0.1の重量比である。
【0064】
本発明における(A)、または(A)と(B)を含む潤滑油組成物は、さらに任意の1種またはそれ以上の添加剤を含むことができる。
【0065】
添加剤としては、以下のものが使用できる。
1)清浄剤:
塩基性、過塩基性または中性の金属塩[スルフォネート(石油スルフォネート、アルキルベンゼンスルフォネート、アルキルナフタレンスルフォネートなど)の過塩基性またはアルカリ土類金属塩]、サリシレート類、フェネート類、ナフテネート類、カーボネート類、フォスフォネート類およびこれらの混合物;
2)分散剤:
コハク酸イミド類(ビス−およびモノ−ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド類)、マンニッヒ縮合物およびボレート類;
3)抗酸化剤:
ヒンダードフェノール類および芳香族2級アミン類;
4)油性向上剤:
長鎖脂肪酸およびそれらのエステル(オレイン酸およびオレイン酸エステルなど)、長鎖アミンおよびそれらのアミド(オレイルアミンおよびオレイルアミドなど);
5)摩擦摩耗調整剤:
モリブデン系および亜鉛系化合物(モリブデンジチオフォスフェート、モリブデンジチオカーバメートおよびジンクジアルキルジチオフォスフェートなど);
6)極圧剤:
硫黄系化合物(モノ−およびジ−スルフィド、スルフォキシドおよび硫黄フォスファイド化合物)、フォスファイド化合物および塩素系化合物(塩素化パラフィン)など;
7)消泡剤:
シリコン油、金属石けん、脂肪酸エステルおよびフォスフェート化合物など;
8)抗乳化剤:
第4級アンモニウム塩(テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩)、硫酸化油、フォスフェート(ポリオキシエチレン含有非イオン性界面活性剤のフォスフェート)など;
9)腐食防止剤:
窒素原子含有化合物(ベンゾトリアゾールおよび1,3,4−チオジアゾリル−2,5−ビスジアルキルジチオカーバメート)など。
【0066】
これらの添加剤1)〜9)は、以下の表4記載の量使用することができる。
【0067】
【表4】
Figure 2004124080
【0068】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は剪断安定性が良好であり、CEC L45−45−A−99で規定された方法に従い試験時間を20時間として試験した場合、粘度低下率は好ましくは20%以下、さらに好ましくは15%以下、特に好ましくは10%以下、最も好ましくは5%以下である。
【0069】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。なお、実施例、比較例中の%および部は質量%および質量部を表す。
(GPCによる重量平均分子量の測定法)
装置    : 東洋曹達製 HLC−802A
カラム   :  TSK gel GMH6 2本
測定温度  : 40℃
試料溶液  : 0.5重量%のTHF溶液
溶液注入量  : 200μl
検出装置  : 屈折率検出器
標準    : ポリスチレン
【0070】
(低温粘度の試験方法)
JPI−5S−26−85の方法で−40℃の粘度を測定した。
【0071】
(粘度指数の試験方法)
JIS−K−2283の方法で行った。
【0072】
(剪断安定性の試験方法)
CEC L45−45−A−99の方法に従い試験時間を20時間とした。
【0073】
実施例1〜7および比較例1〜4
(共重合体A1〜A7およびB1〜B4の製造)
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、滴下ロート、および窒素吹き込み管を備えた反応容器に、2−プロパノール25部を仕込み、別のガラス製ビーカーに、表5に記載の単量体を合計100部、連鎖移動剤としてのドデシルメルカプタンを1.5部、ラジカル重合開始剤としてのADVN0.5部および2−プロパノール6部を仕込み、20℃で撹拌、混合して単量体溶液を調製し、滴下ロートに仕込んだ。反応容器の気相部の窒素置換を行った後に密閉下70〜85℃に保ちながら、2時間かけて単量体溶液を滴下し、滴下終了から2時間、85℃で熟成した後、85〜120℃で3時間かけて減圧下に2−プロパノールを留去した。得られた共重合体A1〜A7およびB1〜B4のMw、SPおよびHLBを表5に示す。
【0074】
【表5】
Figure 2004124080
【0075】
共重合体B5の製造例
2−プロパノールの代わりにトルエンを使用し、ドデシルメルカプタンの仕込量を0.4部としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして共重合体B5を得た。物性値を表5に示す。
【0076】
実施例8〜14、比較例4〜7
(粘度指数向上剤組成物および潤滑油組成物)
鉱物油(100℃動粘度2.3mm/s)35部に、A1〜A7およびB1〜B5をそれぞれ65部混合溶解させて、粘度指数向上剤組成物CA1〜CA7およびCB1〜CB5を作製した。
撹拌混合装置の付いたステンレス製容器に、CB5を0.3部仕込み、得られる潤滑油組成物の100℃の動粘度が14.3±0.2(mm/s)になり、かつ潤滑油組成物の合計が100部になるように基油(高粘度指数油;100℃の動粘度=4.6mm/s、粘度指数=118、流動点=−17.5℃)とCA1〜CA7およびCB1〜CB4をそれぞれ添加・混合し、潤滑油組成物を作製した。
得られた潤滑油組成物の100℃動粘度、粘度指数、−40℃での低温粘度、および剪断安定性の測定結果を表6に示す。
【0077】
【表6】
Figure 2004124080
【0078】
【発明の効果】
本発明の粘度指数向上剤を使用した潤滑油組成物は、従来のポリメタクリレート系粘度指数向上剤を使用した潤滑油組成物と比べ粘度指数が改良でき、かつ、剪断安定性、低温粘度にも優れることから今後の自動車の省燃費性やSAE J306に対応したマニュアルトランスミッションギア油を高価な合成潤滑油を用いずに作製できる。従って、駆動系潤滑油(マニュアルトランスミッション油、デファレンシャルギヤ油、オートマチックトランスミッション油、ベルトCVT油など)、作動油(機械の作動油、パワーステアリング油、ショックアブソーバー油など)、エンジン油(ガソリン用、ディーゼル用等)、トラクション油に好適に用いることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a viscosity index improver, a viscosity index improver composition, and a lubricating oil composition containing them. More specifically, the present invention relates to a viscosity index improver excellent in viscosity index improving ability, a viscosity index improver composition, and a lubricating oil composition containing them.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the tendency to protect the global environment has been increasing, and the fuel efficiency of automobiles has been further demanded. One means of fuel saving is to reduce friction loss by lowering the viscosity of lubricating oil. However, simply lowering the viscosity causes problems such as liquid leakage and seizure. In order to solve this problem, it is generally necessary to increase the viscosity index. Conventionally, viscosity index improvers comprising various polymethacrylate copolymers have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 4). A copolymer of an alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 24 carbon atoms and a hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 5).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-7-48421
[Patent Document-2] JP-A-7-62372
[Patent Document-3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2732187
[Patent Document-4] Patent Publication No. 2941392
[Patent Document-5] Japanese Patent No. 2732187
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improver has a problem that the effect of improving the viscosity index and the shear stability and the low-temperature viscosity are insufficient.
[0005]
[Means to solve the problem]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and as a result, have found that a polymer composed of a specific monomer is excellent in viscosity index improving ability and shear stability, and reached the present invention.
That is, the present invention provides an alkyl (meth) acrylate (b1) having 5 to 90% by weight of units of the monomer (a) represented by the general formula (1), an alkyl group having 8 to 17 carbon atoms, and 18 carbon atoms. 5 to 90% by weight of units of one or more monomers (b) selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth) acrylates (b2) having from 24 to 24 linear alkyl groups, and hydroxyl, amide and carboxyl groups An oil-soluble copolymer containing 5 to 50% by weight of a unit of a monomer (c) having at least one group selected from the group consisting of and having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 1,000,000 (A) a viscosity index improver for lubricating oils,
CH 2 = C (R 1 ) -COO (A-O) n-R (1)
Where R 1 Is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R is a branched alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, and the number of continuous methylene groups in the branched alkyl group is 16 or less. , N is 0 or an integer of 1 to 20. A viscosity index improver composition comprising 20 to 90% by weight of the viscosity index improver and 10 to 80% by weight of a diluent; and a base oil and the viscosity index improver, wherein the viscosity index improver is lubricating oil. A lubricating oil composition containing from 0.01 to 45% by weight based on the weight of the composition.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The monomer (a) will be described.
In the general formula (1) in the present invention, n is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, particularly 0.
A in the general formula (1) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, an ethylene group, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene group, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1, 4-butylene group. Of these, preferred are an ethylene group, a 1,2-propylene group and a combination thereof.
R 1 Is preferably a methyl group.
The number of carbon atoms of the branched alkyl group R is preferably 20 to 32, more preferably 20 to 28, particularly preferably 20 to 24, and most preferably 24, from the viewpoint of the viscosity index and the low-temperature viscosity.
R generally has 16 or less, preferably 2 to 14, more preferably 4 to 14, particularly preferably 6 to 14, and most preferably 10 to 12, polymethylene groups from the viewpoint of viscosity index and low-temperature viscosity. The number of carbon atoms in the polymethylene group includes the carbon atom of the terminal methyl group.
R usually has 1 to 17, preferably 1 to 12, especially 1 to 6, especially 1 branch.
Desirable R is a group represented by the general formula (2).
[0007]
Embedded image
Figure 2004124080
[0008]
In the formula (2), p is 0 or an integer of 1 to 15, and R ′ and R ″ are the same or different C 1-16 (C represents 1 to 16 carbon atoms 1-16 And the same expression will be used hereinafter. A) a straight chain alkyl group and C 3-34 Is a branched alkyl group.
[0009]
Specific examples of R include the following groups.
1) C 15-16 A group having a polymethylene group:
For example, 1-C 1-18 Alkyl-hexadecyl group (for example, 1-octylhexadecyl group) and 2-C 1-16 Alkyl-octadecyl groups (eg, 2-ethyloctadecyl, 2-tetradecyloctadecyl and 2-hexadecyloctadecyl groups);
2) C 13-14 A group having a polymethylene group:
For example, 1-C 1-20 Alkyl-tetradecyl groups (eg, 1-hexyltetradecyl, 1-decyltetradecyl, 1-undecyltridecyl group) and 2-C 1-18 Alkyl-hexadecyl groups (eg, 2-ethylhexadecyl and 2-dodecylhexadecyl groups);
3) C 10-12 A group having a polymethylene group:
For example, 1-C 1-22 Alkyl-dodecyl group (for example, 1-octyldodecyl group), 2-C 1-22 Alkyl-dodecyl groups (e.g. 2-hexyldodecyl and 2-octyldodecyl groups) and 2-C 1-20 Alkyl-tetradecyl groups (e.g., 2-hexyltetradecyl and 2-decyltetradecyl groups);
4) C 6-9 A group having a polymethylene group:
For example, 2-C 1-24 An alkyl-decyl group (e.g., 2-octyldecyl group) and 2,4-diC 1-23 An alkyl-decyl group (e.g., a 2-ethyl-4-butyl-decyl group);
5) C 1-5 A group having a polymethylene group:
For example, 2- (3-methylhexyl) -7-methyl-decyl and 2- (1,4,4-trimethylbutyl) -5,7,7-trimethyl-octyl groups;
6) A mixture of two or more branched alkyl groups:
For example, propylene oligomer (hexamer to 11mer), ethylene / propylene oligomer (molar ratio 16/1 to 1/11), isobutene oligomer (5 to 8mer), and C 5-17 Alkyl residues of oxo alcohols corresponding to α-olefin oligomers (2 to 6-mer). 2-isooctyl isododecyl group (residue excluding the hydroxyl group of "Nissan Chemical Industries: Fine Oxocol 2000"), 2-isoundecyl isopentadecyl group ("Nissan Chemical Industries: Fine Oxocol 2600" Residue excluding the hydroxyl group).
[0010]
Among these, a group represented by the general formula (2) is preferable, and in particular, p is 0 or 1 (particularly 1), and R ′ and R ″ are linear C 6-16 (Especially C 8-14 ) Alkyl groups and branched C 6-18 (Especially C 8-14 ) Alkyl groups are preferred. Most preferably, p is 1 and R ′ and R ″ are linear C 8-140 Alkyl. Particularly preferably, from the viewpoint of low-temperature viscosity and viscosity index, p is 1 and R ′ and R ″ are linear C 8-10 Alkyl and straight chain C 10-12 A combination of alkyl groups, wherein R is 2-linear C 8-10 Alkyl-straight chain C 12-14 It is an alkyl group.
[0011]
Preferred specific examples of (a) include 2-octyldodecyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as O-DM), 2-decyltetradecyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as D-TM); 1-octyldodecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, -Hexyltetradecyl, 1-hexyltetradecyl, 1-decyltetradecyl, 1-undecyltridecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-dodecylhexadecyl, 2-octyldodecyloxyethyl and 2-decyltetradecyloxyethyl Methacrylates; and acrylates corresponding thereto (eg, 2-octyldodecyl acrylate, 2-decyltetradecyl acrylate, etc.).
Preferred among these are 2-octyldodecyl and 2-decyltetradecyl acrylate, O-DM and D-TM, particularly preferably O-DM and D-TM, particularly preferably D-TM.
[0012]
The monomer (b) will be described.
The monomer (b) includes an alkyl (meth) acrylate (b1) having an alkyl group having 8 to 17 carbon atoms and an alkyl (meth) acrylate (b2) having a linear alkyl group having 18 to 24 carbon atoms. It is.
[0013]
(B1) includes a linear C 8-17 Alkyl (meth) acrylate (b11) and branched C 8-17 Alkyl (meth) acrylate (b12) is included.
Examples of (b11) include, for example, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, and n-octadecyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as DDM, TDM, HDM, and ODM, respectively), and n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-octyl. Examples thereof include decyl, n-tridecyl and n-pentadecyl methacrylate, and acrylates corresponding thereto, such as n-dodecyl acrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as DDA), and (meth) acrylate of Ziegler alcohol.
As (b12), for example, i-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, i-nonyl, i-decyl, i-dodecyl, 2-methylundecyl, i-tridecyl, 2-methyldodecyl, i-tetradecyl, 2-methyltrimethyl Decyl, i-pentadecyl and 2-methyltetradecyl (meth) acrylate.
(B1) further includes a linear C 8-17 Alcohol and branch C 8-17 (Meth) acrylate (b13) of a mixture of alcohols is exemplified.
Examples of the mixture of (b11) and (b12) include (meth) acrylates of oxo alcohols. Examples of oxo alcohols include “Neodol 23” and “Neodol 45” (manufactured by Shell Chemical Co., Ltd.) and “Dovanol 23” And "Dovanol 45" (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and "Oxocol 1213" and "Oxocol 1415" (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
[0014]
Among (b1), preferred from the viewpoints of viscosity index and low-temperature viscosity are C 12-17 (And C 12-15 ) Alkyl (meth) acrylates, especially linear C 12-17 (And C 12-15 ) Alkyl (meth) acrylate.
[0015]
(B2) has linear C 18-24 Alkyl (meth) acrylates such as n-octadecyl (meth) acrylate, n-nonadecyl (meth) acrylate, n-eicosyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as ESM), n-eicosyl acrylate, n-docosyl (meth) acrylate and n-tetracosyl (meth) acrylate is included. Among (b2), n-octadecyl (meth) acrylate is preferred from the viewpoints of viscosity index and low-temperature viscosity.
[0016]
The monomer (c) will be described.
The monomer (c) includes a hydroxyl group-containing monomer (c1), an amide group-containing monomer (c2), and a carboxyl group-containing monomer (c3).
Examples of these monomers are given below.
[0017]
Examples of the monomer (c1) include the following (c11) to (c16).
(C11) Hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate:
(C111) a (meth) acrylate represented by the general formula (3);
CH 2 = C (R 1 ) -COO- (A-O) m-H (3)
Where R 1 And A are the same as in the general formula (1), and m is an integer of 1 to 20 (preferably 1). Examples of (c111) include 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as HEMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as HEA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as HPMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as HPMA). C such as propyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate 2-4 Hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate and the like.
(C112) a (meth) acrylate of a polyhydric alcohol containing 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups;
Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include C 3-12 Alkane polyols, intramolecular or intermolecular dehydrates thereof, saccharides and the like (for example, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan, diglycerin, sucrose, methyl glucoside and the like). And di- (meth) acrylates, trimethylolpropane mono- and di- (meth) acrylates and sucrose (meth) acrylate.
(C12) C 2-12 Alkenol ;:
Vinyl alcohol (formed by hydrolysis of vinyl acetate units), and C 3-12 [(Meth) allyl alcohol, (iso) propenyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, 1-buten-3-ol, 1-buten-4-ol, 1-octenol, 1-undecenol, 1-dodecenol and the like].
(C13) C 4-12 Alkene diol;
2-butene-1,4-diol and the like.
(C14) a hydroxyl-containing alkenyl ether having an alkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms;
For example, C 1-6 Hydroxyalkyl C 3-12 Alkenyl ethers [eg, 2-hydroxyethylpropenyl ether, and C3-12 alkenyl ethers of the polyhydric alcohols mentioned in (c112) such as trimethylolpropane mono- and di- (meth) allyl ether and sucrose (meth) allyl ether] ].
(C15) a hydroxyl group-containing aromatic monomer;
o-, m- or p-hydroxystyrene and the like.
(C16) (poly) oxyalkylene ethers of monomers (c11) to (c15);
A monomer in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups (c11) to (c15) is substituted with -O- (A-O) n-A-OH [where A and n are the same as those in the general formula (1)] ].
[0018]
Among (c1), preferred are (c12), (c14), (c15), (c16) and (c11), particularly (c111). Particularly preferred is HEA, especially HEMA.
[0019]
Examples of the monomer (c2) include the following (c21) and (c22).
(C21) (meth) acrylamides represented by the following general formula (4):
[0020]
Embedded image
Figure 2004124080
[0021]
Where R 1 Is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 2 And R 3 Is a group independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples include the following (c211) to (212).
(C211) unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted acrylamide;
For example, acrylamide, methacrylamide (hereinafter abbreviated as AAm), N-mono-C 1-4 Alkyl and N, N-di-C 1-4 Alkyl-substituted (meth) acrylamides [(di) methyl, (di) ethyl, (di) i-propyl, (di) n-butyl and (di) i-butyl (meth) acrylamide, etc.].
(C212) hydroxyalkyl-substituted acrylamide;
For example, N-mono-C 1-4 Hydroxyalkyl and N, N-di-C 1-4 Hydroxyalkyl-substituted (meth) acrylamide [N-hydroxymethyl, N, N-dihydroxymethyl, N, N-di-2-hydroxyethyl, N, N-di-4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylamide and the like].
[0022]
(C22) N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide:
For example, acyl N-vinylcarboxylic acid amides [N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl n- and i-propionamide, N-vinylhydroxyacetamide, etc.] and N-vinyllactam [N-vinylpyrrolidone, etc.] .
[0023]
Preferred among (c2) are (c211), especially (meth) acrylamide, especially AAm.
[0024]
Examples of the monomer (c3) include the following (c31) to (c33).
(C31) Unsaturated monocarboxylic acids [methacrylic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as MAA), acrylic acid, (iso) crotonic acid, cinamic acid and the like].
(C32) unsaturated dicarboxylic acids [maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, etc.], and (c33) unsaturated monocarboxylic acid mono-C 1-8 Alkyl esters such as monoalkyl malates, monoalkyl fumarate and monoalkyl itaconate;
[0025]
Among the monomers (c), (c2), particularly (c1), is preferred from the viewpoints of viscosity index and shear stability.
[0026]
The copolymer (A) may further contain one or more units of other monomers. These optional monomers include the following monomers (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j) and (k).
[0027]
Monomer (d): an alkyl (meth) acrylate other than (a) and (b),
(D1) C 1-4 Alkyl (meth) acrylates [such as methyl, ethyl, n- and i-propyl, and n-, i-, sec- and t-butyl (meth) acrylate];
(D2) C 5-7 Alkyl (meth) acrylates [such as n-, neo- and iso-pentyl, and n- and iso-hexyl (meth) acrylate];
(D3) Branched C having a polymethylene group having 17 or more carbon atoms 18-36 Alkyl (meth) acrylate [2-methyl-nonadecyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as M-NM) and the like].
Among (d), preferred is (d1), particularly methyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as MMA).
[0028]
Monomer (e): an unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 to 20 carbon atoms,
(E1) Unsaturated aliphatic C 2-20 Hydrocarbon [C 2-20 Alkenes (ethylene, propylene, isobutene, butene, pentene, heptene, diisobutylene, octene, dodecene and octadecene), C 4-12 Alkadienes (butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,6-heptadiene and 1,7-octadiene)];
(E2) unsaturated alicyclic C 5-20 Hydrocarbons [cycloalkenes (such as cyclohexene), dicycloalkadienes (such as cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene), cyclic terpenes (such as pinene and limonene), vinyl (di) cycloalkenes (such as vinylcyclohexene), ethylidene (di) Cycloalkenes (such as ethylidenebicycloheptene and ethylidene norbornene) and aromatic ring-containing cycloalkenes (such as indene)];
(E3) Unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbon [styrene and its derivatives, for example, C 1-20 Hydrocarbyl-substituted styrene (α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-ethylstyrene, 4-isopropylstyrene, 4-butylstyrene, 4-phenylstyrene, 4-cyclohexylstyrene, 4-benzylstyrene And 4-crotylbenzene) and C 2-10 Alkenylnaphthalene (such as 2-vinylnaphthalene)].
[0029]
Monomer (f): vinyl ketone [C 1-10 Alkyl or C 6-8 Aryl vinyl ketones (such as methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone and phenyl vinyl ketone).
[0030]
Monomer (g): epoxy group-containing unsaturated monomer [epoxy group-containing acrylic monomer such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate] and epoxy group-containing C 2-10 Alkenyl (preferably C 3-6 Alkenyl) ether {glycidyl (meth) allyl ether, etc.}].
[0031]
Monomer (h): halogen atom-containing unsaturated monomer [vinyl or vinylidene halide (vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide and vinylidene chloride), C] 3-6 Alkenyl halide {(meth) allyl chloride} and halogen-substituted styrene {(di) chlorostyrene} etc.].
[0032]
Monomer (i): alkyl alkenyl ether,
C 1-10 Alkyl C 2-10 Alkenyl ethers such as alkyl vinyl ethers (methyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether) and alkyl (meth) allyl ether and (iso) propenyl ether (methyl allyl ether and ethyl allyl ether);
Monomer (j): alkenyl carboxylate,
C 2-10 Alkenyl C 1-20 Carboxylates [vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl heptanoate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate and vinyl n-octanoate]. Preferred among (j) are vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate.
[0033]
Monomer (k): a nitrogen atom-containing unsaturated monomer other than (c2),
(K1) an amino group-containing monomer containing at least one primary, secondary and tertiary amino group;
(K11) an amino group-containing aliphatic monomer,
(K111) General formula D-NHD 1 Wherein mono- and di-alkenylamines are represented by the formula 1 Is a hydrogen atom or D, D is C 2-10 , Preferably C 3-6 An alkenyl group of the formula: [e.g. (di) (meth) allylamine and (iso) crotylamine]; (k112) an amino group-containing acrylic monomer;
Amino group-containing (meth) acrylate [(mono-C 1-4 Alkyl) amino C 2-6 Alkyl (meth) acrylate {aminoethyl, aminopropyl, methylaminoethyl, ethylaminoethyl, butylaminoethyl and methylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate}, di-C 1-4 Alkylamino C 2-6 Alkyl (meth) acrylates {dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and dibutylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate} and amino-containing (meth) acrylamides corresponding to these (meth) acrylates;
(K12) an amino group-containing heterocyclic monomer,
Amino group-containing heterocyclic acrylic monomer [morpholino-C 2-4 Alkyl (meth) acrylate {morpholinoethyl (meth) acrylate}], vinyl-substituted heterocyclic amines [vinylpyridine (4- and 2-vinylpyridine)], N-vinylpyrrole and N-vinylpyrrolidine;
(K13) an amino group-containing aromatic monomer,
Aminostyrenes [such as aminostyrene and (di) methylaminostyrene]. (K14) Salts of (k11) to (k13) [hydrochloride, phosphate and C 1-8 Carboxylate];
[0034]
(K2) a quaternary ammonium base-containing monomer,
A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by quaternization of (k11) to (k13), wherein the quaternizing agent is C 1-8 Alkyl halides (eg, methyl chloride), benzyl halides (eg, benzyl chloride), di-C 1-2 Alkyl sulfates (dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate) and di-C 1-2 Alkyl carbonates (such as dimethyl carbonate) can be used.
In addition, (k2) includes one or more kinds of C 2-4 It is obtained by quaternizing (k14) with alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) and includes quaternary ammonium salts.
[0035]
(K3) Nitrile or nitro group-containing monomer [such as (meth) acrylonitrile and nitrostyrene].
[0036]
Monomer (m): unsaturated dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester,
Unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid) di C 1-40 (Preferably C 1-20 ) Hydrocarbyl (alkyl, cycloalkyl and aralkyl) esters such as dimethyl, diethyl and dioctylmalate, and the corresponding fumarate and itaconate.
[0037]
The monomer composition of the copolymer (A) is as follows.
(A) contains the units of the monomers in weight% shown in Table 1 below based on the total weight of the monomers, from the viewpoints of viscosity index, shear stability and low-temperature viscosity.
[0038]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004124080
[0039]
If (A) requires cleanliness, the monomer (k) [especially (k112) and (k121), especially dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and morpholinoethyl (meth) It is preferred to use at least 0.1% by weight (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified,% represents% by weight), especially at least 0.5%.
[0040]
The copolymer (A) is usually dissolved in 100 parts of mineral oil at 25 ° C. in at least 0.5 part, preferably at least 2 parts, more preferably at least 30 parts, particularly preferably at least 70 parts.
[0041]
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of (A) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene as a standard is 3,000 to 1,000,000. Although it depends on the type of base oil and the purpose of adding (A), the Mw of (A) is preferably in the range shown in Table 2 below from the viewpoint of shear stability. The Mw of (A) can be adjusted by the temperature at the time of polymerization, the monomer concentration (solvent concentration), the amount of the catalyst or the amount of the chain transfer agent.
[0042]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004124080
[0043]
(A) has an SP value of usually 8.6 to 11, preferably 9.2 to 10.5, and particularly preferably 9.4 to 9.8 from the viewpoint of solubility in a base oil and an effect of improving a viscosity index. The SP value is determined by the method by Fedors [Polym. Eng. Sci. 14 (2) 152, (1974)].
The SP value of (A) can be adjusted by calculating the SP value of each of the constituent units and adopting the type and molar ratio of the monomer so as to obtain the target SP value.
For example, in the case of an alkyl (meth) acrylate, the SP value can be adjusted according to the length of the alkyl group.
[0044]
(A) has an HLB of preferably 0.5 to 7, more preferably 1 to 6.5, and particularly preferably 1.5 to 6 from the viewpoint of demulsifying properties. The HLB in the present invention is the HLB of the Oda method, and is defined based on the concept of organicity and inorganicity of an organic compound ("New. Introduction to Surfactants" by Takehiko Fujimoto, Sanyo Chemical Industries, p. 197-201). Is what is done.
[0045]
(A) can be obtained by a known production method. For example, it can be obtained by radical polymerization of the above monomer in a solvent in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.
[0046]
As the solvent, for example, toluene, xylene or C 9-10 Aromatic solvents such as alkylbenzenes, aliphatic Cs such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and octane 6-18 C such as hydrocarbon, 2-propanol, 1-butanol or 2-butanol 3-8 Alcohol solvents, ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, and mineral oil. From the viewpoint of solubility, alcohol solvents are preferred, and 2-propanol is particularly preferred.
As the polymerization catalyst, azo-based catalysts [for example, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethyl) Valeronitrile) (hereinafter abbreviated as ADVN), dimethyl 2,2-azobisisobutyrate, etc.), peroxide-based catalysts [for example, t-butyl peroxypivalate, t-hexyl peroxypivalate, t- Butyl peroxy neoheptanoate, t-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-amyl peroxy 2-ethyl hexanoate 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy 2-ethylhexanoate, dibutylperoxytrimethyladipate, benzoylperoxide Sid, cumyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide] can be used.
Further, if necessary, a chain transfer agent [for example, C 2-20 Of alkyl mercaptans, etc.] can also be used. The reaction temperature is 50 to 140C, preferably 60 to 120C. In addition to the above solution polymerization, it can be obtained by bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization. Furthermore, the polymerization mode of the copolymer may be either random addition polymerization or alternating copolymerization, and may be either graft copolymerization or block copolymerization.
[0047]
The viscosity index improver of the present invention is in the form of a solvent-free or viscosity index improver composition (solution dissolved in a diluent). Viscosity index improver compositions are preferred in that they are easier to dissolve in base oil. Examples of the viscosity index improver composition include those obtained by solution polymerization and those obtained by dissolving (A) in a diluent.
As a diluent, an aliphatic solvent [C 6-18 Aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, octane, decalin, kerosene, etc.)]; C7-15 Aromatic solvent [toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, C9 aromatic mixed solvent (mixture of trimethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, etc.), C9 10 ~ 11 Aromatic mixed solvents and the like], mineral oils [eg, solvent-refined oils, paraffin oils, high viscosity index oils containing isoparaffins and / or hydrocracked, naphthenic oils], synthetic lubricating oils [hydrocarbon synthetic lubricating oils ( Poly-α-olefin synthetic lubricating oil), ester-based synthetic lubricating oil] and the like, and of these, mineral oil and synthetic lubricating oil are preferable. Particularly preferred is mineral oil.
[0048]
In the viscosity index improver composition, the proportion of (A) is 20 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 85%, particularly 40 to 80%, and the diluent is 10 to 80%, preferably 15 to 70%, Particularly, it is 20 to 60%.
[0049]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the base oil to which the viscosity index improver is added is not particularly limited.
Base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 1 to 18 mm. 2 / S, preferably 2 to 15 mm 2 / S.
The base oil has a viscosity index of preferably 60 or more, more preferably 100 or more, particularly preferably 105 or more, preferably 180 or less, particularly 170 or less.
The lubricating oil composition in which the viscosity index improver of the present invention is blended with such a base oil has a higher viscosity index and good fuel economy.
[0050]
Further, the pour point (JIS K2269-1993) of the base oil is preferably -5C or less, more preferably -10C to -70C. When the pour point of the base oil is in this range, the amount of wax precipitated is small and the low-temperature viscosity is good. Base oils include solvent-refined oils, oils containing isoparaffin and / or high viscosity index oils obtained by hydrocracking, hydrocarbon-based synthetic lubricating oils (poly-α-olefin-based synthetic lubricating oils), ester-based synthetic lubricating oils, and naphthenic oils. No. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0051]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention includes gear oils such as differential oil and industrial gear oil, manual transmission oil (hereinafter abbreviated as MTF), automatic transmission oil (hereinafter abbreviated as ATF), and transmission oil such as belt-CVTF. , A traction oil such as a toroidal-CVT oil, a shock absorber oil, a power steering oil, a hydraulic oil such as a hydraulic oil for construction machinery and an industrial hydraulic oil, and an engine oil. Preferred among these are differential oil, ATF, belt-CVT oil, engine oil and MTF. More preferred are differential oil, ATF, belt-CVT oil and MTF.
[0052]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the content of the copolymer (A) in the weight of the lubricating oil composition is preferably 0.01 to 45%.
[0053]
When (A) is used as a viscosity index improver, it is preferably at least 1%, more preferably at least 5%, especially 8% in the lubricating oil composition. When used as a pour point depressant, (A) is usually 0.01 to 3%.
[0054]
The preferred content of (A) is in the range of Table 3 below according to the use of the lubricating oil composition and the kinematic viscosity of the base oil.
[0055]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004124080
[0056]
Further, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may contain an alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer (B) other than (A).
(B) is a copolymer of two or more selected from the group consisting of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) to (m) described above, ), Less than 5% of one or more of (b) and (c), more than 90% of one or more of (a) and (b), more than 50% of (c), or ( d) is a copolymer consisting of more than 15%.
[0057]
Preferred examples of (B) include a copolymer (B1) composed of two or more kinds of (b) and a copolymer (B2) composed of at least one kind of (b) and at least one kind of (c). Can be
[0058]
(B) preferably contains 60 to 100% (particularly 65 to 100%) of the unit (b), and preferably contains 0 to 40% (particularly 0 to 35%) of the unit (c).
(B1) preferably contains C12-18 alkyl (meth) acrylate units. The alkyl group of the alkyl (meth) acrylate constituting (B) has an average carbon number of 12 to 16 (hereinafter abbreviated as Cav).
(B) preferably contains predominantly linear alkyl (meth) acrylate units and has from 0 to 30% of branched alkyl (meth) acrylate units.
Specific examples of (B1) and (B2) include DDM / ODM (60 to 90% / 10 to 40%, Cav = 12.5 to 14.0) and DDM / HDM (50 to 90% / 10 to 50). %, Cav = 12.3 to 13.8), DDM / TDM (30 to 90% / 10 to 70%, Cav = 12.2 to 13.4) and DDA / DDM (10 to 40% / 90 to 60). %, Cav = 12) and DDM / TDM / HDM / MMA (20-45% / 20-45% / 0-20% / 0.2-20%, Cav = 8.1-13. And the copolymer 5).
[0059]
(B) Mw is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 250,000.
[0060]
(B) can be produced by the same method as in (A) above, and can be used in the form of the same composition (diluent with a diluent) as in (A).
[0061]
(A) and (B) may be separately added to the base oil, or may be added as a mixture thereof.
[0062]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention may contain a total amount of 0.5 to 45% of (A) and (B). The preferred range of the sum of (A) and (B) is 0.5 to 15% when the lubricating oil is engine oil and traction oil, 2 to 40% when the gear oil and MTF are lubricating oils, ATF and belt-CVTF. In the case, it is 2 to 35% and in the case of hydraulic oil, it is 0.5 to 25%.
[0063]
(A) and (B) preferably have a weight ratio of at least 70/30, more preferably a weight ratio of 80/20 to 99.9 / 0.1, from the viewpoint of low-temperature viscosity.
[0064]
The lubricating oil composition comprising (A) or (A) and (B) in the present invention may further contain any one or more additives.
[0065]
The following can be used as additives.
1) Detergent:
Basic, overbased or neutral metal salts [overbased or alkaline earth metal salts of sulfonates (petroleum sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, etc.)], salicylates, phenates, naphthenates , Carbonates, phosphonates and mixtures thereof;
2) Dispersant:
Succinimides (bis- and mono-polybutenylsuccinimides), Mannich condensates and borates;
3) Antioxidants:
Hindered phenols and aromatic secondary amines;
4) Oiliness improver:
Long chain fatty acids and their esters (such as oleic acid and oleic acid esters), long chain amines and their amides (such as oleylamine and oleylamide);
5) Friction and wear modifier:
Molybdenum and zinc compounds (such as molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate);
6) Extreme pressure agent:
Sulfur compounds (mono- and di-sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfur phosphide compounds), phosphide compounds and chlorine compounds (chlorinated paraffins) and the like;
7) Antifoaming agent:
Silicone oils, metallic soaps, fatty acid esters and phosphate compounds, etc .;
8) Demulsifier:
Quaternary ammonium salts (tetraalkylammonium salts), sulfated oils, phosphates (phosphates of polyoxyethylene-containing nonionic surfactants) and the like;
9) Corrosion inhibitors:
Compounds containing a nitrogen atom (benzotriazole and 1,3,4-thiodiazolyl-2,5-bisdialkyldithiocarbamate) and the like.
[0066]
These additives 1) to 9) can be used in the amounts shown in Table 4 below.
[0067]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004124080
[0068]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention has good shear stability, and when tested for 20 hours according to the method specified in CEC L45-45-A-99, the viscosity reduction rate is preferably 20% or less, It is more preferably at most 15%, particularly preferably at most 10%, most preferably at most 5%.
[0069]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The percentages and parts in the examples and comparative examples represent% by mass and parts by mass.
(Method of measuring weight average molecular weight by GPC)
Equipment: HLC-802A manufactured by Toyo Soda
Column: 2 TSK gel GMH6
Measurement temperature: 40 ° C
Sample solution: 0.5% by weight of THF solution
Solution injection volume: 200 μl
Detector: Refractive index detector
Standard: polystyrene
[0070]
(Test method for low-temperature viscosity)
The viscosity at -40 ° C was measured by the method of JPI-5S-26-85.
[0071]
(Test method for viscosity index)
The measurement was performed according to the method of JIS-K-2283.
[0072]
(Test method for shear stability)
The test time was 20 hours according to the method of CEC L45-45-A-99.
[0073]
Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4
(Production of copolymers A1 to A7 and B1 to B4)
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a thermometer, a dropping funnel, and a nitrogen blowing tube was charged with 25 parts of 2-propanol. Parts, 1.5 parts of dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, 0.5 parts of ADVN as a radical polymerization initiator and 6 parts of 2-propanol were charged, stirred and mixed at 20 ° C. to prepare a monomer solution, It was charged in a dropping funnel. After replacing the gas phase of the reaction vessel with nitrogen, the monomer solution is added dropwise over 2 hours while keeping the temperature at 70 to 85 ° C in a sealed state, and the mixture is aged at 85 ° C for 2 hours from the end of the dropping. 2-propanol was distilled off under reduced pressure at 120 ° C. for 3 hours. Table 5 shows Mw, SP and HLB of the obtained copolymers A1 to A7 and B1 to B4.
[0074]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004124080
[0075]
Production Example of Copolymer B5
A copolymer B5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that toluene was used instead of 2-propanol, and the amount of dodecyl mercaptan was changed to 0.4 part. Table 5 shows the physical property values.
[0076]
Examples 8 to 14, Comparative Examples 4 to 7
(Viscosity index improver composition and lubricating oil composition)
Mineral oil (Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C 2.3mm 2 / S) 65 parts each of A1 to A7 and B1 to B5 were mixed and dissolved in 35 parts to prepare viscosity index improver compositions CA1 to CA7 and CB1 to CB5.
0.3 part of CB5 was charged into a stainless steel container equipped with a stirring and mixing device, and the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the obtained lubricating oil composition was 14.3 ± 0.2 (mm). 2 / S), and the base oil (high viscosity index oil; kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. = 4.6 mm) so that the total of the lubricating oil composition becomes 100 parts. 2 / S, viscosity index = 118, pour point = -17.5 ° C.) and CA1 to CA7 and CB1 to CB4 were added and mixed, respectively, to produce a lubricating oil composition.
Table 6 shows the measurement results of the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C., the viscosity index, the low-temperature viscosity at −40 ° C., and the shear stability of the obtained lubricating oil composition.
[0077]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004124080
[0078]
【The invention's effect】
The lubricating oil composition using the viscosity index improver of the present invention can improve the viscosity index as compared with the lubricating oil composition using the conventional polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improver, and also has shear stability and low-temperature viscosity. Because of its superiority, it is possible to produce a manual transmission gear oil compliant with SAE J306 without increasing the fuel efficiency of automobiles in the future without using expensive synthetic lubricating oil. Therefore, drive system lubricating oil (manual transmission oil, differential gear oil, automatic transmission oil, belt CVT oil, etc.), hydraulic oil (machine hydraulic oil, power steering oil, shock absorber oil, etc.), engine oil (gasoline, diesel) And the like) and traction oil.

Claims (21)

一般式(1)で示される単量体(a)の単位を5〜90重量%、炭素数8〜17のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b1)および炭素数18〜24の直鎖アルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(b2)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の単量体(b)の単位を5〜90重量%、並びに水酸基、アミド基およびカルボキシル基からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の基を有する単量体(c)の単位を5〜50重量%含有し、3,000〜1,000,000の重量平均分子量を有する油溶性共重合体(A)からなる潤滑油用粘度指数向上剤。
CH=C(R)−COO(A−O)n−R      (1)
[式中、Rは水素原子またはメチル基、Aは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、Rは炭素数18〜36の分岐アルキル基であり、該分岐アルキル基中の連続するメチレン基の数は16個以下であり、nは0または1〜20の整数である。]
5 to 90% by weight of the unit of the monomer (a) represented by the general formula (1), an alkyl (meth) acrylate (b1) having an alkyl group having 8 to 17 carbon atoms, and a linear chain having 18 to 24 carbon atoms The unit of one or more monomers (b) selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth) acrylates (b2) having an alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of 5 to 90% by weight and the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amide group and a carboxyl group. A unit of the monomer (c) having at least one group represented by the formula (A), comprising 5 to 50% by weight and having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 1,000,000. Viscosity index improver for lubricating oil.
CH 2 = C (R 1) -COO (A-O) n-R (1)
[Wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R is a branched alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, and the number of continuous methylene groups in the branched alkyl group Is 16 or less, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 20. ]
一般式(1)におけるRが一般式(2)で示される基である請求項1記載の粘度指数向上剤。
Figure 2004124080
[式中、R’およびR’’は、炭素数1〜16の直鎖アルキル基および炭素数3〜34の分岐アルキル基からそれぞれ独立に選ばれる基であり、pは0または1〜15である。]
The viscosity index improver according to claim 1, wherein R in the general formula (1) is a group represented by the general formula (2).
Figure 2004124080
Wherein R ′ and R ″ are independently selected from a linear alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and a branched alkyl group having 3 to 34 carbon atoms, and p is 0 or 1 to 15. is there. ]
一般式(2)におけるR’およびR’’が、同じまたは異なる、炭素数6〜16の直鎖アルキル基である請求項2記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 2, wherein R 'and R "in the general formula (2) are the same or different and are a straight-chain alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms. 一般式(2)におけるpが0または1である請求項2または3記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 2 or 3, wherein p in the general formula (2) is 0 or 1. 一般式(1)におけるRが炭素数18〜32の分岐アルキル基である請求項1記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 1, wherein R in the general formula (1) is a branched alkyl group having 18 to 32 carbon atoms. 一般式(1)におけるnが0である請求項1記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 1, wherein n in the general formula (1) is 0. 共重合体(A)が、さらに他のアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(d)、炭素数2〜20の不飽和炭化水素(e)、ビニルケトン(f)、エポキシ基含有不飽和単量体(g)、ハロゲン原子含有不飽和単量体(h)、アルキルアルケニルエーテル(i)、アルケニルカルボキシレート(j)、他の窒素原子含有不飽和単量体(k)および不飽和ジカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル(m)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の単量体の単位を15重量%以下含有する請求項1記載の粘度指数向上剤。The copolymer (A) further comprises another alkyl (meth) acrylate (d), an unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (e), a vinyl ketone (f), and an epoxy group-containing unsaturated monomer (g). , A halogen atom-containing unsaturated monomer (h), an alkyl alkenyl ether (i), an alkenyl carboxylate (j), another nitrogen atom-containing unsaturated monomer (k) and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester (m) The viscosity index improver according to claim 1, which contains 15% by weight or less of a unit of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of: 単量体(a)が、2−オクチルドデシル(メタ)アクリレートおよび2−デシルテトラデシル(メタ)アクリレートからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である請求項1〜6のいづれか記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the monomer (a) is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-octyldodecyl (meth) acrylate and 2-decyltetradecyl (meth) acrylate. . 単量体(c)が水酸基含有単量体(c1)、アミド基含有単量体(c2)およびカルボキシル基含有単量体(c3)からなる群から選ばれる1種以上である請求項1記載の粘度指数向上剤。The monomer (c) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer (c1), an amide group-containing monomer (c2) and a carboxyl group-containing monomer (c3). Viscosity index improver. 単量体(c1)が、水酸基含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステル(c11)、炭素数2〜12のアルケノール(c12)、炭素数4〜12のアルケンジオール(c13)、炭素数3〜12のアルケニル基を有する水酸基含有アルケニルエーテル(c14)、水酸基含有芳香族単量体(c15)および(c11)〜(c15)の(ポリ)オキシアルキレンエーテル(c16)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項9記載の粘度指数向上剤。The monomer (c1) is a hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic acid ester (c11), an alkenol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms (c12), an alkenediol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms (c13), and an alkenyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. It is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group-containing alkenyl ether having a group (c14), a hydroxyl group-containing aromatic monomer (c15) and (poly) oxyalkylene ethers (c16) of (c11) to (c15). The viscosity index improver according to claim 9. 単量体(c11)が、一般式(3)で示される(メタ)アクリレート(c111)および3〜8個の水酸基を有する多価アルコールの(メタ)アクリレート(c112)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の単量体である請求項10記載の粘度指数向上剤。
CH=C(R)−COO−(A−O)m−H      (3)
[式中、Rは水素原子またはメチル基、Aは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、mは1〜20の整数である。]
The monomer (c11) is at least selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylate (c111) represented by the general formula (3) and (meth) acrylate (c112) of a polyhydric alcohol having 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups. The viscosity index improver according to claim 10, which is one kind of monomer.
CH 2 = C (R 1) -COO- (A-O) m-H (3)
[In the formula, R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and m is an integer of 1 to 20. ]
一般式(3)においてmが1である請求項11記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 11, wherein m is 1 in the general formula (3). 単量体(c2)が、一般式(4)で示される(メタ)アクリルアミド類(c21)およびN−ビニルカルボン酸アミド(c22)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項9記載の粘度指数向上剤。
Figure 2004124080
[式中、Rは水素原子またはメチル基、RおよびRはそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基および炭素数1〜4のヒドロキシアルキル基から選ばれる基である。]
The monomer (c2) is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylamides (c21) and N-vinylcarboxylic amides (c22) represented by the general formula (4). Viscosity index improver.
Figure 2004124080
[Wherein, R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ]
単量体(c3)が、不飽和モノカルボン酸(c31)、不飽和ジカルボン酸(c32)、および不飽和ジカルボン酸の炭素数1〜8のアルキル基を有するモノアルキルエステル(c33)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種以上である請求項9記載の粘度指数向上剤。A group consisting of the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (c31), the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid (c32), and the monoalkyl ester of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid having an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (c33), wherein the monomer (c3) is The viscosity index improver according to claim 9, which is at least one member selected from the group consisting of: 共重合体(A)が、単量体(a)の単位を10〜70重量%、単量体(b)の単位を10〜70重量%、および単量体(c)の単位を10〜30重量%含有する請求項1〜13のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤。The copolymer (A) contains 10 to 70% by weight of the unit of the monomer (a), 10 to 70% by weight of the unit of the monomer (b), and 10 to 70% by weight of the unit of the monomer (c). The viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which contains 30% by weight. 共重合体(A)が、さらにアルキル基の炭素数1〜4のアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(d1)を10重量%以下含有する請求項15記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 15, wherein the copolymer (A) further contains 10% by weight or less of an alkyl (meth) acrylate (d1) having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. 20〜90重量%の請求項1〜16のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤および10〜80重量%の希釈剤からなる粘度指数向上剤組成物。A viscosity index improver composition comprising 20 to 90% by weight of the viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 10 to 80% by weight of a diluent. 基油と、請求項1〜16のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤からなり、粘度指数向上剤を潤滑油組成物の重量に基づいて0.01〜45重量%含有する潤滑油組成物。A lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil and the viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the viscosity index improver is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 45% by weight based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition. 基油が1〜18mm/sの100℃動粘度を有し、かつ60以上の粘度指数を有する基油である請求項18記載の潤滑油組成物。Base oil having a 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity 1~18mm 2 / s, and the lubricating oil composition of claim 18, wherein a base oil having a 60 or more viscosity index. 基油が110以上の粘度指数を有する基油である請求項18または19記載の潤滑油組成物。The lubricating oil composition according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the base oil has a viscosity index of 110 or more. ギヤー油、変速機油、トラクション油、作動油およびエンジン油からなる群から選ばれる潤滑油である請求項18〜20のいずれか記載の潤滑油組成物。The lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 18 to 20, which is a lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of gear oil, transmission oil, traction oil, hydraulic oil and engine oil.
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