JP3831203B2 - Viscosity index improver and lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Viscosity index improver and lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3831203B2
JP3831203B2 JP2001109164A JP2001109164A JP3831203B2 JP 3831203 B2 JP3831203 B2 JP 3831203B2 JP 2001109164 A JP2001109164 A JP 2001109164A JP 2001109164 A JP2001109164 A JP 2001109164A JP 3831203 B2 JP3831203 B2 JP 3831203B2
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meth
viscosity index
carbon atoms
monomer
index improver
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JP2002302687A (en
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剛 由岐
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Sanyo Chemical Industries Ltd
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Priority to US10/114,283 priority patent/US20030036488A1/en
Priority to US10/212,784 priority patent/US6746993B2/en
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粘度指数向上剤およびそれを含む潤滑油組成物に関する。詳しくは、粘度指数向上能に優れた粘度指数向上剤およびそれを含む潤滑油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、地球環境保護の気運が高まり、自動車の省燃費性がより一層要求されてきている。省燃費化の1つの手段として潤滑油の低粘度化による摩擦損失の低減が挙げられる。しかしながら、単に低粘度化すると液漏れや焼き付きといった問題が生じてくる。この問題を解決するには、一般に粘度指数を上げることが必要とされ、従来のPMA系粘度指数向上剤よりもさらに粘度指数向上能が高い粘度指数向上剤が要望されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、特定の単量体から構成され、かつ特定の物性値を有する重合体が、粘度指数向上能に優れていることを見出し本発明に至った。
【0004】
すなわち本発明は、下記一般式(1)で示される炭素数16〜36の分岐アルキル基を有する単量体(a)を必須構成単量体とし、かつ下記(I)〜(IV)の全てを満たす(共)重合体(A)を含有する粘度指数向上剤、および該粘度指数向上剤と基油からなる潤滑油組成物である。
一般式
【0005】
【化2】
【0006】
[R1は水素原子またはメチル基、Xは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、nは平均が0〜10となる0または1〜20の整数であり、nが2以上の場合のXは同一でも異なっていてもよく、(XO)n部分はランダム付加でもブロック付加でもよい。R2は炭素数16〜36の分岐アルキル基]
(I)重量平均分子量が5,000〜500,000、
(II)溶解性パラメーターが8.6〜9.5、
(III)示差走査熱量計による結晶化開始温度が−15℃以下、
(IV)下記関係式(2)で表される立体障害ファクター(F)が0以上15未満。
関係式
F=4X+Y (2)
{構成単量体単位において、側鎖中の、主鎖から6番目に位置する原子の総数をX、7番目に位置する原子の総数をYとする。}
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における一般式(1)で示される単量体(a)において、R2は通常16〜36の分岐アルキル基である。具体的には、炭素数16;2メチルペンタデシル基、2−ヘキシルデシル基。炭素数17;2−メチルヘキサデシル基、炭素数18;2−オクチルデシル基、2−ヘキシルドデシル基、2−メチルヘプタデシル基、炭素数19;2−メチルオクタデシル基、炭素数20;2−オクチルドデシル基、炭素数24;2−デシルテトラデシル基、炭素数28;2−ドデシルヘキサドデシル基、炭素数32;2−テトラデシルオクタデシル基、炭素数34;2−ヘキサデシルオクタデシル、2−テトラデシルエイコシル基、炭素数36;2−ヘキサデシルエイコシル基などが挙げられる。粘度指数と剪断安定性の観点から、これらのうち好ましくは炭素数が18〜32、特に好ましくは炭素数が20〜28の分岐アルキル基、最も好ましくは炭素数が22〜26の分岐アルキル基である。
【0008】
Xは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基であり、具体的にはエチレン基、1,2−および1,3−プロピレン基、1,2−、1,3−および1,4−ブチレン基が挙げられる。これらのうち好ましいものはエチレン基、および1,2−プロピレン基である。
【0009】
nは平均が0〜10となる0または1〜20の整数であり、好ましくは平均が0〜5となる0または1〜10の整数、さらに好ましくは平均が0〜2となる0または1〜5の整数である
【0010】
(a)の具体例としては、2−デシルテトラデシル(メタ)アクリレート、モノエチレングリコールモノ2−オクチルデシルエーテル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールモノ2−デシルテトラデシルエーテル(メタ)アクリレート、ジプロピレングリコールモノ2−デシルヘキサデシルエーテル(メタ)アクリレート、ジブチレングリコールモノ2−ドデシルヘキサデシルエーテル(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。
【0011】
(a)としては、(a)を単独重合体とした場合の重合体の結晶化開始温度が好ましくは0℃以下、さらに好ましくは−10℃以下、特に好ましくは−15℃以下となるような(a)が好ましい。具体的には、メタクリル酸2−オクチルドデシル、メタクリル酸2−オクチルドデシルなどが挙げられる。結晶化開始温度が0℃以下であると(A)を添加した潤滑油の低温粘度が良好である。尚、(a)の単独重合体の結晶化開始温度は(a)のアルキル基のメチレン連鎖の長さで調整することができる。
【0012】
(A)が共重合体の場合に、(a)との共重合の相手の単量体として以下の(b)〜(n)の単量体が挙げられる。
【0013】
(b)炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル:
例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−およびiso−プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−、iso−およびsec−ブチルなど、
【0014】
(c)炭素数8〜15のアルキル基もしくは炭素数16〜18の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル:
例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸n−オクチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−デシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルウンデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−トリデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−テトラデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルトリデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ペンタデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルテトラデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ヘキサデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−オクタデシルなど。
【0015】
(d)窒素原子含有単量体;
(d1)アミド基含有ビニル単量体:
例えば、非置換もしくはモノアルキル(炭素数1〜4)置換(メタ)アクリルアミド、[(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−メチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−エチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−i−プロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−n−およびi−ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]、ジアルキル(炭素数1〜4)置換(メタ)アクリルアミド[N,N−ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジn−ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミド]、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミド[N−ビニルホルムアミド、N−ビニルアセトアミド、N−ビニル−n−およびi−プロピオニルアミド、N−ビニルヒドロキシアセトアミド]などのアミド基のみに窒素原子を有するもの、
(d2)ニトロ基含有単量体:
例えば、4−ニトロスチレンなど、
(d3)1〜3級アミノ基含有ビニル単量体:
1級アミノ基含有ビニル単量体、例えば、炭素数3〜6のアルケニルアミン[(メタ)アリルアミン、クロチルアミンなど]、アミノアルキル(炭素数2〜6)(メタ)アクリレート[アミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートなど]、2級アミノ基含有ビニル単量体、例えば、アルキル(炭素数1〜6)アミノアルキル(炭素数2〜6)(メタ)アクリレート[t−ブチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、メチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートなど]、ジフェニルアミン(メタ)アクリルアミド[4−ジフェニルアミン(メタ)アクリルアミド、2−ジフェニルアミン(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]、炭素数6〜12のジアルケニルアミン[ジ(メタ)アリルアミンなど]、3級アミノ基含有ビニル単量体、例えば、ジアルキル(炭素数1〜4)アミノアルキル(炭素数2〜6)(メタ)アクリレート[ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートなど、ジアルキル(炭素数1〜4)アミノアルキル(炭素数2〜6)(メタ)アクリルアミド[ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]、3級アミノ基含有芳香族ビニル系単量体[N,N−ジメチルアミノスチレン、など]、含窒素複素環含有ビニル系単量体[モルホリノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、4−ビニルピリジン、2−ビニルピリジン、N−ビニルピロール、N−ビニルピロリドン、N−ビニルチオピロリドンなど]、およびこれらの塩酸塩、硫酸塩、燐酸塩、低級アルキル(炭素数1〜8)モノカルボン酸塩(例えば、酢酸、プロピオン酸など、
(d4)第4級アンモニウム塩基含有ビニル単量体:
例えば、前述の3級アミノ基含有ビニル単量体を、4級化剤(炭素数1から12のアルキルクロライド、ジアルキル硫酸、ジアルキルカーボネート、およびベンジルクロライド等)を用いて4級化したものなどが挙げられる。具体的には、アルキル(メタ)アクリレート系第4級アンモニウム塩としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリエチルアンモニウムクロライド、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルメチルモルホリノアンモニウムクロライドなど;アルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド系第4級アンモニウム塩としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノエチルトリエチルアンモニウムクロライド、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノエチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライドなど;その他の第4級アンモニウム塩基含有ビニル系単量体としては、例えば、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウムメチルサルフェート、トリメチルビニルフェニルアンモニウムクロライドなど、
(d5)両性ビニル単量体:
N−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ(もしくはアミノ)アルキル(炭素数1〜10)N,N−ジアルキル(炭素数1〜5)アンモニウム−N−アルキル(炭素数1〜5)カルボキシレート(もしくはサルフェート)、例えば、N−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルN,N−ジメチルアンモニウムN−メチルカルボキシレート、N−(メタ)アクリロイルアミノプロピルN,N−ジメチルアンモニウムN−メチルカルボキシレート、およびN−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルN,N−ジメチルアンモニウムプロピルサルフェートなど、
(d6)ニトリル基含有単量体:
(メタ)アクリロニトリルなど、
【0016】
(e)脂肪族炭化水素系ビニル単量体:
例えば、炭素数2〜20のアルケン[エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、イソブチレン、ペンテン、ヘプテン、ジイソブチレン、オクテン、ドデセン、オクタデセンなど]、および炭素数4〜12のアルカジエン[ブタジエン、イソプレン、1,4−ペンタジエン、1,6ヘプタジエン、1,7−オクタジエンなど]、
【0017】
(f)脂環式炭化水素系ビニル単量体:
例えば、シクロヘキセン、(ジ)シクロペンタジエン、ピネン、リモネン、インデン、ビニルシクロヘキセン、およびエチリデンビシクロヘプテンなど、
【0018】
(g)芳香族炭化水素系ビニル単量体:
例えば、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、2,4−ジメチルスチレン、4−エチルスチレン、4−イソプロピルスチレン、4−ブチルスチレン、4−フェニルスチレン、4−シクロヘキシルスチレン、4−ベンジルスチレン、4−クロチルベンゼン、および2−ビニルナフタレンなど、
【0019】
(h)ビニルエステル、ビニルエーテル、ビニルケトン類:
例えば、炭素数2〜12の飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステル[酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、オクタン酸ビニルなど]、炭素数1〜12のアルキル、アリールもしくはアルコキシアルキルのビニルエーテル[メチルビニルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル、プロピルビニルエーテル、ブチルビニルエーテル、2−エチルヘキシルビニルエーテル、フェニルビニルエーテル、ビニル2−メトキシエチルエーテル、ビニル2−ブトキシエチルエーテルなど]、および炭素数1〜8のアルキルもしくはアリールのビニルケトン[メチルビニルケトン、エチルビニルケトン、フェニルビニルケトンなど]、
【0020】
(i)エポキシ基含有ビニル単量体;
例えば、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレートグリシジル(メタ)アリルエーテルなど、
【0021】
(j)ハロゲン元素含有ビニル単量体;
例えば、塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、塩化(メタ)アリル、ハロゲン化スチレン(ジクロルスチレンなど)等が挙げられる。
【0022】
(k)不飽和ポリカルボン酸のエステル;
例えば、不飽和ポリカルボン酸のアルキル、シクロアルキルもしくはアラルキルエステルが挙げられ、このうち不飽和ジカルボン酸[マレイン酸、フマール酸、イタコン酸など]の炭素数1〜8のアルキルジエステル[ジメチルマレエート、ジメチルフマレート、ジエチルマレエート、ジオクチルマレエート]など、
【0023】
(l)ヒドロキシル基含有ビニル単量体;
例えば、ヒドロキシル基含有芳香族ビニル単量体[p−ヒドロキシスチレンなど]、ヒドロキシアルキル(炭素数2〜6)(メタ)アクリレート[2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2または3−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレートなど]、モノ−またはジ−ヒドロキシアルキル(炭素数1〜4)置換(メタ)アクリルアミド[N,N−ジヒドロキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジ−2−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]、ビニルアルコール(酢酸ビニル単位の加水分解により形成される)、炭素数3〜12のアルケノール[(メタ)アリルアルコール、クロチルアルコール、イソクロチルアルコール、1−オクテノール、1−ウンデセノールなど]、炭素数4〜12のアルケンジオール[1−ブテン−3−オール、2−ブテン−1−オール、2−ブテン−1,4−ジオールなど]、ヒドロキシアルキル(炭素数1〜6)アルケニル(炭素数3〜10)エーテル[2−ヒドロキシエチルプロペニルエーテルなど]、多価(3〜8価)アルコール(アルカンポリオール、その分子内もしくは分子間脱水物、糖類、例えばグリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ジグリセリン、蔗糖)のアルケニル(炭素数3〜10)エーテルもしくは(メタ)アクリレート[蔗糖(メタ)アリルエーテル]など、
【0024】
(m)ポリオキシアルキレン鎖含有ビニル単量体;
例えば、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール(アルキレン基の炭素数2〜4、重合度2〜50)、もしくはポリオキシアルキレンポリオール[上記3〜8価のアルコールのポリオキシアルキレンエーテル(アルキル基の炭素数2〜4、重合度2〜100)]、またはそれらのアルキル(炭素数1〜4)エーテルのモノ(メタ)アクリレート[ポリエチレングリコール(分子量100〜300)モノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコール(分子量130〜500)モノ(メタ)アクリレート、メトキシポリエチレングリコール(分子量110〜310)(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリルアルコールエチレンオキシド付加物(2〜30モル)(メタ)アクリレート、モノ(メタ)アクリル酸ポリオキシエチレン(分子量150〜230)ソルビタン]など、
【0025】
(n)イオン性基含有ビニル単量体;
(n1)アニオン性基含有ビニル単量体:
モノカルボン酸基含有ビニル単量体、例えば、不飽和モノカルボン酸[(メタ)アクリル酸、α−メチル(メタ)アクリル酸、クロトン酸、桂皮酸など]、不飽和ジカルボン酸のモノアルキル(炭素数1〜8)エステル[マレイン酸モノアルキルエステル、フマル酸モノアルキルエステル、イタコン酸モノアルキルエステルなど];ジカルボン酸基含有ビニル単量体、例えば、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸など、
【0026】
(n2)スルホン酸基含有ビニル単量体:
例えば、炭素数2〜6のアルケンスルホン酸[ビニルスルホン酸、(メタ)アリルスルホン酸など]、炭素数6〜12の芳香族ビニル基含有スルホン酸[α−メチルスチレンスルホン酸など]、スルホン酸基含有(メタ)アクリルエステル系単量体[スルホプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエタンスルホン酸など]、スルホン酸基含有(メタ)アクリルアミド系単量体[2−(メタ)アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸など]、スルホン酸基と水酸基を含有するビニル単量体[3−(メタ)アクリルアミド−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、3−アリロキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、3−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸など]、アルキル(炭素数3〜18)アリルスルホコハク酸エステル[ドデシルアリルスルホコハク酸エステル]など、
【0027】
(n3)硫酸エステル基含有ビニル単量体:
例えば、ポリ(n=2〜30)オキシアルキレン(エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン:単独、ランダム、ブロックでもよい)モノ(メタ)アクリレートの硫酸エステル、ポリ(n=2〜30)オキシアルキレン(エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン:単独、ランダム、ブロックでもよい)ビスフェノールAモノ(メタ)アクリレートの硫酸エステルなど、
【0028】
(n4)燐酸基含有ビニル単量体:
例えば、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキル(炭素数2〜6)燐酸モノエステル[(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルホスフェートなど]、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシホスホン酸[2−アクリロイルオキシエチルホスホン酸]など、
【0029】
(n)としては、これらの1価金属塩、2価金属塩、アミン塩もしくはアンモニウム塩でもよい。1価金属としては、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属が挙げられ、2価金属としては、カルシウム、マグネシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属、亜鉛などが挙げられる。アミンとしては、モノ−、ジ−もしくはトリ−のアルキル(炭素数1〜8)アミン類、例えば、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミンなど;モノ−、ジ−もしくはトリ−のアルカノール(炭素数1〜8)アミン類、例えば、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、モノイソプロパノールアミン、ジイソプロパノールアミンなど;複素環アミン、例えば、ピリジン、モルホリンなどを挙げることができる。
【0030】
これらの(b)〜(n)の単量体のうち、好ましいものは(b)、(c)、(d)およびこれらの併用である。
【0031】
(b)のうち好ましいものはアルキル基の炭素数1〜3、さらに好ましいものはメチル基のものであり、(c)のうち好ましいものはアルキル基の炭素数12〜18のものである。
【0032】
(d)のうち好ましいものは(d1)および(d3)、さらに好ましいものは(d3)であり、特に好ましいものは4−ジフェニルアミン(メタ)アクリルアミド、2−ジフェニルアミン(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、およびジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレートである。
【0033】
(A)を構成する単量体中の(a)の割合は、粘度指数と低温粘度の観点から好ましくは5〜90%(以下、特に断りのない限り、%は質量%を表す)、さらに好ましくは10〜80%、特に好ましくは20〜70%、最も好ましくは25〜60%である。
【0034】
(A)を構成する単量体中の(b)の割合は、粘度指数と低温粘度の観点から好ましくは10〜60%、さらに好ましくは20〜50%、特にに好ましくは25〜45%である。
【0035】
(A)を構成する単量体中の(c)の割合は粘度指数と低温粘度の観点から好ましくは0〜90%、さらに好ましくは10〜50%、特にに好ましくは20〜45%である。
【0036】
(A)を構成する単量体中の(d)の割合はスラッジ分散性の観点から好ましくは0.1〜10%、好ましくは1〜7%、さらに好ましくは2〜5%である。
【0037】
(A)は、重量平均分子量が通常5,000〜500,000、 好ましくは8,000〜300,000、さらに好ましくは10,000〜250,000、重量平均分子量が5000未満では、増粘性に乏しく多くの添加量を必要とする。500,000を越えると剪断安定性に乏しくなる。なお、重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミュエーションクロマトグラフィーによるポリスチレンに換算し求めた重量平均分子量である。
【0038】
(A)は、溶解性パラメーターが8.6〜9.5、好ましくは9〜9.35、さらに好ましくは9.1〜9.3であり、溶解性パラメーターが上記範囲内では基油への溶解性が良好である。
なお、本発明における溶解性パラメーターは、Fedors法[Polym.Eng.Sci.14(2)152,(1974)]によって算出される値である。
【0039】
(A)は示差走査熱量計により測定した結晶化開始温度が−15℃以下であり、好ましくは−17.5℃以下、さらに好ましくは−20℃以下である。−15℃より高いと低温で結晶化し低温特性に悪影響する。本発明の示差走査熱量計による結晶化開始温度は、PERKIN−ELMER社製UNIXDSC7を使用し、粘度指数向上剤5mgを試料とし、10℃/分の等温速度で100℃から−45℃まで冷却したときに観測される結晶化開始温度である。
【0040】
さらに、(A)は、下記関係式(2)で表わされる立体障害ファクター(F)が0以上15未満であり、好ましくは0〜12.5、さらに好ましくは0〜10、特に好ましくは0〜8である。
F=4X+Y (2)
立体障害ファクター(F)が、15以上であると主鎖まわりの立体障害が大きくなり、低温で収縮し難くなり低温粘度が高くなる場合がある。
【0041】
立体障害ファクター(F)とは、(A)の構成単量体単位において、側鎖が結合した主鎖の原子を0番目とした場合、側鎖の方向に数えて6番目に位置する原子の総数(X)(原子の種類にかかわらない)の4倍と、7番目に位置する原子の総数(Y)(原子の種類にかかわらない)との和であり、(A)が共重合体の場合は、それぞれの構成単位の(F)を構成単量体単位のモル分率に基づいて平均した値である。
立体障害ファクター(F)は、ポリマー主鎖から見た側鎖の立体障害の大きさを便宜的に表したものであり、数字が大きいほど立体障害が大きくなる。
計算例を挙げると次のようになる。原子の右肩の数字は主鎖からの原子の順番を示している。なお複数の側鎖がある場合は、それらについても計算した総和を(F)とする。
【0042】
例a) 2−デシルテトラデシルジエチレングリコールメタクリレート単位の場合
【0043】
【化3】
【0044】
6番目の原子数=1、7番目の原子数=3
立体障害ファクター(F)=1×4+3=7
【0045】
なお、(A)が共重合体の場合はそれぞれの構成単位から計算される立体障害ファクター(F)からその共重合体を構成する単量体単位のモル分率に基づいて平均値を計算することによって立体障害ファクター(F)が求められる。
【0046】
例b)2−デシルテトラデシルメタクリレート)/メチルメタクリレート=40/60モル比の共重合体
【0047】
【化4】
【0048】
6番目の原子数=6 6番目の原子数=0
7番目の原子数=6 7番目の原子数=0
構成単量体の立体障害 構成単量体の立体障害
ファクター(F)=6×4+6=30 ファクター(F)=0×4+0=0
モル比=40:60
立体障害ファクター(F)の平均値=30 ×0.4+0 ×0.6=12
【0049】
本発明における(A)の(I)〜(IV)の物性値を調整する手段としては以下の方法が挙げられる。
例えば(I)の重量平均分子量は、重合時の温度、単量体濃度(溶媒濃度)、触媒量、連鎖移動剤量などにより調整できる。
(II)の溶解性パラメーター(SP値)は、構成単位のそれぞれのSP値[前述のFedors法(Polym.Eng.Sci.14(2)、152,(1974)によって算出]を利用して計算し、目的のSP値になるように単量体の種類とモル比を採択することにより調整できる。
例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルのアルキル基の長さと分岐度によりSP値を調整することができる。
(III)の結晶化開始温度は重合体の主鎖および/または側鎖にメチレン鎖長が連続して存在するように単量体を選ぶことで調整できる。
(IV)の立体障害ファクターは、前述のように構成単位の種類とモル比を選択することにより調整できる。例えば、側鎖中の、主鎖から6番目、7番目に位置する原子数が多くなるように、5番目、6番目に分岐のある単量体を使用することにより立体障害ファクターは大きくなる。
【0050】
(A)のHLB値は0.5〜6が好ましい。HLBがこの範囲内にあると抗乳化性が特に良好である。さらに好ましくは、HLB値が1〜5.5、特に好ましくは、1.5〜5である。
本発明のHLB値は、有機性無機性の概念のHLB(「新・界面活性剤入門」三洋化成工業株式会社発行P128)によって算出される値である。
【0051】
本発明における(共)重合体(A)は、公知の製造方法によって得ることができる。例えば前記の単量体を溶剤中で重合触媒存在下にラジカル重合することにより得られる。
【0052】
溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、炭素数9〜10のアルキルベンゼン、メチルエチルケトン、鉱物油など、重合触媒としては、アゾ系触媒(例えば、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビスバレロニトリルなど)や過酸化物系(例えば、ベンゾイルパーオキシド、クミルパーオキシド、ラウリルパーオキシドなど)を用いることができる。さらに、必要により連鎖移動剤(例えば、炭素数2〜20のアルキルメルカプタンなど)を使用することもできる。反応温度としては、50〜140℃、好ましくは70〜120℃である。また、上記の溶液重合の他に、塊状重合、乳化重合または懸濁重合により得ることもできる。さらに、共重合体の重合様式としては、ランダム付加重合または交互共重合のいずれでもよく、また、グラフト共重合またはブロック共重合のいずれでもよい。
【0053】
さらに本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、(A)以外のアルキル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系(共)重合体(B)を併用してもよい。(B)は単量体(a)を構成単量体としない、または/および前記(I)〜(IV)のうちの少なくとも1つを満足しないものである。
【0054】
(B)としては(A)以外のアルキル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体であれば特に限定しないが、例えば、炭素数1〜30のアルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルなどが挙げられる。
(B)を構成する単量体のうち好ましいものは、炭素数5〜15の直鎖もしくは分岐アルキル基または炭素数16〜24の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル(b1)および/または炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル(b2)である。
(b1)の具体例としては(メタ)アクリル酸n−ペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸iso−ペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸sec−ペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ネオペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ヘプチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−オクチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−デシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルウンデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−トリデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−テトラデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルトリデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ペンタデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−メチルテトラデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ヘキサデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−オクタデシルなど。
(b2)の具体例としては(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸iso−プロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸iso−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸sec−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸t−ブチルなどが挙げられれる。
該重合体を構成する単量体の質量比は好ましくは(b1)/(b2)=(80〜100)/(20〜0)である。
【0055】
(B)は、前記(I)〜(IV)の物性値を調整する手段で記載した方法を利用して調整することが可能である。
【0056】
(B)の具体例としては、メタクリル酸オクタデシル/メタクリル酸ドデシル(モル比10〜30/90〜70)共重合体、メタクリル酸テトラデシル/メタクリル酸ドデシル(モル比10〜30/90〜70)共重合体、メタクリル酸ヘキサデシル/メタクリル酸ドデシル/メタクリル酸メチル(モル比20〜40/55〜75/0〜10)共重合体、アクリル酸ドデシル/メタクリル酸ドデシル(モル比10〜40/90〜60)共重合体などが挙げられ、これらは単独でも2種以上併用してもよい。
【0057】
(B)を併用する場合は、(A)に対する(B)の割合は、好ましくは0〜30%、好ましくは0.01〜20%、さらに好ましくは0.01〜10%である。(B)が上記範囲であれば低温粘度が良好である。
【0058】
本発明の粘度指数向上剤が添加される基油としては特に限定されないが、100℃における動粘度が1〜15mm2/s、好ましくは2〜5mm2/sであり、その粘度指数は100以上であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは105以上である。このような基油に本発明の粘度指数向上剤を配合した潤滑油組成物は、粘度指数がさらに高くなり省燃費性が良好となる。
【0059】
また、本発明の粘度指数向上剤が添加される基油の曇点(JIS K2269)は−5℃以下が好ましい。さらに好ましくは−15℃以下である。基油の曇点がこの範囲であるとワックスの析出量が少なく低温粘度が良好である。基油としては、溶剤精製油、イソパラフィンを含有するおよびまたは水素化分解による高粘度指数油、炭化水素系合成潤滑油、エステル系合成潤滑油、ナフテン油などが挙げられる。
【0060】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、基油に対して粘度指数向上剤を(共)重合体(A)に換算して好ましくは1〜30%添加して製造される。
【0061】
潤滑油組成物がエンジン油の場合には、100℃の動粘度が4〜10mm2/sの基油に、(A)として2〜10%が添加されることが好ましい。
ギヤ油の場合には100℃の動粘度が3〜10mm2/sの基油に3〜30%が添加されることが好ましい。
自動変速機油(ATF、ベルトCVT油)の場合には100℃の動粘度が2〜6mm2/sの基油に3〜25%が添加されことが好ましい。
トラクション油の場合には100℃の動粘度が1〜5mm2/sの基油に0.5〜10%が添加されることが好ましい。
【0062】
また、(B)を併用する場合は、(A)と(B)の合計量が基油に対して好ましくは1〜35%、さらに好ましくは2〜30%である。
また、(B)は、予め(A)に混合されて粘度指数向上剤とし、基油に配合・添加してもよいが、基油に、(A)からなる粘度指数向上剤と(B)を別々に配合・混合してもよい。
【0063】
本発明の粘度指数向上剤は、他の任意成分、例えば清浄剤(スルフォネート系、サリシレート系、フェネート系、ナフテネート系等のCaやMg塩)、分散剤(イソブテニルコハク酸イミド系、マンニッヒ縮合物系等)、抗酸化剤(ジンクジチオフォスフェート、アミン系、ヒンダードフェノール系等)、油性向上剤(脂肪酸系、脂肪酸エステル系等)、摩擦摩耗調整剤(モリブデンジチオフォスフェート、モリブデンカーバメイト、ジンクジアルキルジチオフォスフェート等)、極圧剤(硫黄リン系、クロル系等)を併用してもよい。
【0064】
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、輸送用機器、各種工作機器などのエンジン油、ギヤ油、自動変速機油(ATF、CVT油)、トラクション油、ショックアブソーバー油、パワーステアリング油などに使用される。
【0065】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。なお、実施例、比較例中の%および部は質量%および質量部を表す。
(GPCによる重量平均分子量の測定法)
装置 : 東洋曹達製 HLC−802A
カラム : TSK gel GMH6 2本
測定温度 : 40℃
試料溶液 : 0.5重量%のTHF溶液
溶液注入量 : 200μl
検出装置 : 屈折率検出器
標準 : ポリスチレン
【0066】
(低温粘度の試験方法)
JPI−5S−26−85の方法で−40℃の粘度を測定した。
【0067】
(粘度指数の試験方法)
JIS−K−2283の方法で行った。
【0068】
(剪断安定性の試験方法)
JASO M347−95に準じ試験時間を12時間とした。
【0069】
製造例で使用した単量体は以下の通り。
a−1:2-デシルテトラデシルジエチレングリコールメタクリレート
a−2:2-オクチルデシルモノエチレングリコールメタクリレート
a−3:2-ドデシルヘキサデシルジプロピレングリコールメタクリレート
a−4:2-ドデシルヘキサデシルジブチレングリコールメタクリレート
a−5:2-デシルテトラデシルメタクリレート
a−6:2-オクチルドデシルメタクリレート
a−7:2-ドデシルヘキサデシルメタクリレート
a−8:2-ヘキサデシルエイコシルメタクリレート
b−1:メチルメタクリレート
c−1:n-ヘキサデシルメタクリレート
c−2:n-ドデシルメタクリレート
d−1:N,N-ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート
d−2:N,N-ジエチルアミノエチルメタクイレート
【0070】
製造例1〜12、並びに比較製造例1および2
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、窒素吹き込み管を備えた反応容器に、トルエンを20部、表1に記載の単量体を合計100部、連鎖移動剤としてドデシルメルカプタンを表1記載の量、ラジカル重合開始剤としてアゾビスバレロニトリル0.5部仕込み、窒素置換を行った後に密閉下85℃で4時間重合反応を行った。得られたポリマーをメタノールで再沈殿し、メタノール200部で2回洗浄後、100℃で4時間減圧乾燥し共重合体(A1)〜(A12)、並びに(H1)および(H2)を得た。
【0071】
【表1】
【0072】
製造例13
単量体として、ステアリルメタクリレート20部、ラウリルメタクリレート80部、連鎖移動剤としてドデシルメルカプタン0.5部、ラジカル重合開始剤としてアゾビスバレロニトリル0.4部を使用する以外は製造例1と同様にし、(A)と併用する共重合体(B1)を得た。
【0073】
(A1)〜(A12)、(H1)、および(H1)の物性値を表2に示す。
【0074】
【表2】
【0075】
実施例1〜12、比較例1、2
撹拌混合装置の付いたステンレス製容器に、基油(100℃の動粘度:3.0mm2/s、粘度指数:110)を仕込み、(B1)を0.2部加えた。さらに、得られる潤滑油組成物の100℃の動粘度が7.1±0.1(mm2/s)になるように(A1)〜(A12)、(H1)、もしくは(H2)を添加した[潤滑油組成物の合計は100部]。これらの潤滑油組成物の(A1)〜(A12)、(H1)、もしくは(H2)の粘度指数、−40℃での低温粘度、および剪断安定性の測定結果を表3に示す。
【0076】
【表3】
【0077】
【発明の効果】
本発明の粘度指数向上剤を使用した潤滑油組成物は、従来のPMA系粘度指数向上剤を使用した潤滑油組成物と比べ粘度指数が改良でき、かつ、剪断安定性、低温粘度にも優れることから今後の自動車の省燃費性の要求に対応できる。従って、駆動系潤滑油(マニュアルトランスミッション油、デファレンシャルギヤ油、オートマチックトランスミッション油、ベルトCVT油など)、作動油(機械の作動油、パワーステアリング油、ショックアブソーバー油など)、エンジン油(ガソリン用、ディーゼル用等)、トラクション油に好適に用いることができる。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a viscosity index improver and a lubricating oil composition containing the same. In detail, it is related with the viscosity index improver excellent in the viscosity index improvement ability, and the lubricating oil composition containing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the trend of protecting the global environment has been increasing, and the fuel efficiency of automobiles has been further demanded. One means for reducing fuel consumption is reducing friction loss by reducing the viscosity of the lubricating oil. However, simply reducing the viscosity causes problems such as liquid leakage and image sticking. In order to solve this problem, it is generally necessary to increase the viscosity index, and there is a demand for a viscosity index improver having a higher viscosity index improving ability than conventional PMA viscosity index improvers.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that a polymer composed of a specific monomer and having a specific physical property value is excellent in viscosity index improving ability, and has led to the present invention.
[0004]
That is, the present invention uses the monomer (a) having a branched alkyl group having 16 to 36 carbon atoms represented by the following general formula (1) as an essential constituent monomer, and all of the following (I) to (IV): A viscosity index improver containing the (co) polymer (A) that satisfies the above, and a lubricating oil composition comprising the viscosity index improver and a base oil.
General formula [0005]
[Chemical 2]
[0006]
[R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 0 or 1 to 20 having an average of 0 to 10, and X is the same when n is 2 or more. However, they may be different, and the (XO) n portion may be randomly added or block added. R 2 is a branched alkyl group having 16 to 36 carbon atoms.
(I) a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000,
(II) the solubility parameter is 8.6 to 9.5,
(III) The crystallization start temperature by a differential scanning calorimeter is −15 ° C. or lower,
(IV) The steric hindrance factor (F) represented by the following relational expression (2) is 0 or more and less than 15.
Relational expression F = 4X + Y (2)
{In the constituent monomer unit, X is the total number of atoms located in the sixth position from the main chain in the side chain, and Y is the total number of atoms located in the seventh position. }
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the monomer (a) represented by the general formula (1) in the present invention, R 2 is usually a 16 to 36 branched alkyl group. Specifically, carbon number 16; 2-methylpentadecyl group and 2-hexyldecyl group. Carbon number 17; 2-methylhexadecyl group, carbon number 18; 2-octyldecyl group, 2-hexyldecyl group, 2-methylheptadecyl group, carbon number 19; 2-methyloctadecyl group, carbon number 20; 2- Octyldodecyl group, carbon number 24; 2-decyltetradecyl group, carbon number 28; 2-dodecylhexadecyl group, carbon number 32; 2-tetradecyloctadecyl group, carbon number 34; 2-hexadecyloctadecyl, 2-tetra A decyl eicosyl group, carbon number 36; 2-hexadecyl eicosyl group etc. are mentioned. Of these, from the viewpoint of viscosity index and shear stability, a branched alkyl group having 18 to 32 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 20 to 28 carbon atoms, and most preferably a branched alkyl group having 22 to 26 carbon atoms is preferable. is there.
[0008]
X is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, an ethylene group, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene group, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-butylene group. It is done. Among these, an ethylene group and a 1,2-propylene group are preferable.
[0009]
n is an integer of 0 or 1 to 20 having an average of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 or 1 to 10 having an average of 0 to 5, more preferably 0 or 1 to an average of 0 to 2. It is an integer of 5.
Specific examples of (a) include 2-decyltetradecyl (meth) acrylate, monoethylene glycol mono 2-octyl decyl ether (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol mono 2-decyl tetradecyl ether (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol mono Examples include 2-decylhexadecyl ether (meth) acrylate and dibutylene glycol mono 2-dodecylhexadecyl ether (meth) acrylate.
[0011]
As (a), the crystallization start temperature of the polymer when (a) is a homopolymer is preferably 0 ° C. or lower, more preferably −10 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably −15 ° C. or lower. (A) is preferred. Specific examples include 2-octyldodecyl methacrylate and 2-octyldodecyl methacrylate. When the crystallization start temperature is 0 ° C. or lower, the low temperature viscosity of the lubricating oil to which (A) is added is good. The crystallization start temperature of the homopolymer (a) can be adjusted by the length of the methylene chain of the alkyl group (a).
[0012]
In the case where (A) is a copolymer, the following monomers (b) to (n) may be mentioned as monomers for copolymerization with (a).
[0013]
(B) (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms:
For example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n- and iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-, iso- and sec-butyl (meth) acrylate,
[0014]
(C) (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 8 to 15 carbon atoms or a linear alkyl group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms:
For example, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-decyl (meth) acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methylundecyl (meth) acrylate, ( (Meth) acrylic acid n-tridecyl, (meth) acrylic acid 2-methyldodecyl, (meth) acrylic acid n-tetradecyl, (meth) acrylic acid 2-methyltridecyl, (meth) acrylic acid n-pentadecyl, (meth) 2-methyltetradecyl acrylate, n-hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, n-octadecyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
[0015]
(D) a nitrogen atom-containing monomer;
(D1) Amide group-containing vinyl monomer:
For example, unsubstituted or monoalkyl (1 to 4 carbon atoms) substituted (meth) acrylamide, [(meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, Ni-propyl (meth) Acrylamide, Nn- and i-butyl (meth) acrylamide, etc.], dialkyl (1 to 4 carbon atoms) substituted (meth) acrylamide [N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide N, N-di-n-butyl (meth) acrylamide], N-vinylcarboxylic amide [N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-n- and i-propionylamide, N-vinylhydroxyacetamide] Having a nitrogen atom only in the amide group, such as
(D2) Nitro group-containing monomer:
For example, 4-nitrostyrene
(D3) A primary to tertiary amino group-containing vinyl monomer:
Primary amino group-containing vinyl monomer, for example, alkenylamine having 3 to 6 carbon atoms [(meth) allylamine, crotylamine, etc.], aminoalkyl (2 to 6 carbon atoms) (meth) acrylate [aminoethyl (meth) acrylate Etc.] Secondary amino group-containing vinyl monomer, for example, alkyl (C1-6) aminoalkyl (C2-6) (meth) acrylate [t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, methylaminoethyl (meth) Acrylate etc.], diphenylamine (meth) acrylamide [4-diphenylamine (meth) acrylamide, 2-diphenylamine (meth) acrylamide etc.], C6-C12 dialkenylamine [di (meth) allylamine etc.], tertiary amino group Containing vinyl monomer, for example, dialkyl (1 to 4 carbon atoms) Aminoalkyl (2 to 6 carbon atoms) (meth) acrylate [dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, etc., dialkyl (1 to 4 carbon atoms) aminoalkyl (2 to 6 carbon atoms) (meth) Acrylamide [dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, etc.], tertiary amino group-containing aromatic vinyl monomer [N, N-dimethylaminostyrene, etc.] , Nitrogen-containing heterocycle-containing vinyl monomers [morpholinoethyl (meth) acrylate, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylthiopyrrolidone, etc.], and these Hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, lower Alkyl (1-8 carbon atoms) monocarboxylate (e.g., acetic acid, propionic acid,
(D4) Quaternary ammonium base-containing vinyl monomer:
For example, the above-mentioned tertiary amino group-containing vinyl monomer is quaternized with a quaternizing agent (alkyl chloride having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, dialkyl sulfuric acid, dialkyl carbonate, benzyl chloride, etc.). Can be mentioned. Specifically, examples of the alkyl (meth) acrylate quaternary ammonium salt include (meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyloxyethyltriethylammonium chloride, and (meth) acryloyloxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium. Chloride, (meth) acryloyloxyethylmethylmorpholino ammonium chloride and the like; alkyl (meth) acrylamide quaternary ammonium salts include, for example, (meth) acryloylaminoethyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloylaminoethyltriethylammonium chloride, (Meth) acryloylaminoethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, etc .; other quaternary ammonium salts The containing vinyl monomers, for example, dimethyl diallyl ammonium methyl sulfate, etc. trimethyl vinylphenyl ammonium chloride,
(D5) Amphoteric vinyl monomer:
N- (meth) acryloyloxy (or amino) alkyl (C1-10) N, N-dialkyl (C1-5) ammonium-N-alkyl (C1-5) carboxylate (or sulfate), For example, N- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl N, N-dimethylammonium N-methylcarboxylate, N- (meth) acryloylaminopropyl N, N-dimethylammonium N-methylcarboxylate, and N- (meth) acryloyloxy Ethyl N, N-dimethylammonium propyl sulfate, etc.
(D6) Nitrile group-containing monomer:
(Meth) acrylonitrile, etc.
[0016]
(E) Aliphatic hydrocarbon vinyl monomer:
For example, alkenes having 2 to 20 carbon atoms [ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutylene, pentene, heptene, diisobutylene, octene, dodecene, octadecene, etc.] and alkadienes having 4 to 12 carbon atoms [butadiene, isoprene, 1,4- Pentadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, etc.]
[0017]
(F) Alicyclic hydrocarbon vinyl monomer:
For example, cyclohexene, (di) cyclopentadiene, pinene, limonene, indene, vinylcyclohexene, and ethylidenebicycloheptene, etc.
[0018]
(G) Aromatic hydrocarbon vinyl monomer:
For example, styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-ethylstyrene, 4-isopropylstyrene, 4-butylstyrene, 4-phenylstyrene, 4-cyclohexylstyrene, 4-benzylstyrene, 4 -Crotylbenzene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, etc.
[0019]
(H) Vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl ketones:
For example, vinyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms [vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl octoate, etc.], alkyl ethers having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or alkoxyalkyl vinyl ethers [methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether , Propyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, vinyl 2-methoxyethyl ether, vinyl 2-butoxyethyl ether, etc.], and alkyl or aryl vinyl ketones having 1 to 8 carbon atoms [methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl] Ketone, phenyl vinyl ketone, etc.],
[0020]
(I) an epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer;
For example, glycidyl (meth) acrylate glycidyl (meth) allyl ether, etc.
[0021]
(J) a halogen element-containing vinyl monomer;
For example, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, (meth) allyl chloride, halogenated styrene (dichlorostyrene and the like) and the like can be mentioned.
[0022]
(K) an ester of an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid;
Examples thereof include alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl esters of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids, and among them, alkyl diesters having 1 to 8 carbon atoms of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids [maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, etc.] [dimethyl maleate, Dimethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, dioctyl maleate]
[0023]
(L) a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer;
For example, hydroxyl group-containing aromatic vinyl monomer [p-hydroxystyrene etc.], hydroxyalkyl (2 to 6 carbon atoms) (meth) acrylate [2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2 or 3-hydroxypropyl (meta) ) Acrylates, etc.], mono- or di-hydroxyalkyl (1 to 4 carbon atoms) substituted (meth) acrylamide [N, N-dihydroxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dihydroxypropyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N -Di-2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylamide etc.], vinyl alcohol (formed by hydrolysis of vinyl acetate unit), C3-C12 alkenol [(meth) allyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, isocrotyl Alcohol, 1-octenol, 1-undece Etc.], C 4-12 alkene diol [1-buten-3-ol, 2-buten-1-ol, 2-butene-1,4-diol etc.], hydroxyalkyl (C 1-6 ) Alkenyl (3 to 10 carbon atoms) ether [2-hydroxyethylpropenyl ether and the like], polyhydric (3 to 8 valent) alcohol (alkane polyol, intramolecular or intermolecular dehydrated product, saccharide such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, Alkitol (3 to 10 carbon atoms) ether or (meth) acrylate [sucrose (meth) allyl ether] of sorbitol, sorbitan, diglycerin, sucrose,
[0024]
(M) a polyoxyalkylene chain-containing vinyl monomer;
For example, polyoxyalkylene glycol (alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, degree of polymerization 2 to 50), or polyoxyalkylene polyol [polyoxyalkylene ether of 3 to 8 valent alcohol (alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms) , Degree of polymerization 2-100)], or mono (meth) acrylates thereof (polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 100-300) mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol (molecular weight 130-500) Mono (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (molecular weight 110-310) (meth) acrylate, lauryl alcohol ethylene oxide adduct (2-30 mol) (meth) acrylate, mono (meth) acrylic acid polyoxyethylene (molecular weight 150-230 Sorbitan], etc.,
[0025]
(N) an ionic group-containing vinyl monomer;
(N1) Anionic group-containing vinyl monomer:
Monocarboxylic acid group-containing vinyl monomers such as unsaturated monocarboxylic acids [(meth) acrylic acid, α-methyl (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, etc.], monoalkyls of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (carbon Formula 1-8) Esters [maleic acid monoalkyl esters, fumaric acid monoalkyl esters, itaconic acid monoalkyl esters, etc.]; dicarboxylic acid group-containing vinyl monomers such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, etc. ,
[0026]
(N2) Sulphonic acid group-containing vinyl monomer:
For example, C2-C6 alkene sulfonic acid [vinyl sulfonic acid, (meth) allyl sulfonic acid etc.], C6-C12 aromatic vinyl group containing sulfonic acid [alpha-methylstyrene sulfonic acid etc.], sulfonic acid Group-containing (meth) acrylic ester monomers [sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethanesulfonic acid, etc.], sulfonic acid group-containing (meth) acrylamide monomers [2- (meth) Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, etc.], vinyl monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and hydroxyl groups [3- (meth) acrylamide-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, 3 -(Meth) acryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid etc.], alkyl (charcoal Such as the number 3-18) allyl sulfosuccinate [dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate,
[0027]
(N3) Sulfuric ester group-containing vinyl monomer:
For example, poly (n = 2 to 30) oxyalkylene (ethylene, propylene, butylene: single, random or block) mono (meth) acrylate sulfate ester, poly (n = 2 to 30) oxyalkylene (ethylene, propylene) , Butylene: single, random, block) bisphenol A mono (meth) acrylate sulfate, etc.
[0028]
(N4) Phosphoric acid group-containing vinyl monomer:
For example, (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl (C2-6) phosphoric acid monoester [(meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate etc.], (meth) acryloyloxyphosphonic acid [2-acryloyloxyethylphosphonic acid], etc.
[0029]
(N) may be a monovalent metal salt, divalent metal salt, amine salt or ammonium salt. Examples of the monovalent metal include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, and examples of the divalent metal include alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, and zinc. Examples of amines include mono-, di-, or tri-alkyl (1 to 8 carbon atoms) amines such as monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine; mono-, di-, or tri-alkanols (1 to 3 carbon atoms). 8) Amines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and the like; heterocyclic amines such as pyridine and morpholine can be mentioned.
[0030]
Among these monomers (b) to (n), preferred are (b), (c), (d) and a combination thereof.
[0031]
Of these, (b) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, and (c) preferably having an alkyl group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
[0032]
Among (d), preferred are (d1) and (d3), more preferred is (d3), and particularly preferred are 4-diphenylamine (meth) acrylamide, 2-diphenylamine (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl ( Meth) acrylamide, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate.
[0033]
The proportion of (a) in the monomer constituting (A) is preferably 5 to 90% from the viewpoint of the viscosity index and low temperature viscosity (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified,% represents mass%), and Preferably it is 10 to 80%, Especially preferably, it is 20 to 70%, Most preferably, it is 25 to 60%.
[0034]
The proportion of (b) in the monomer constituting (A) is preferably 10 to 60%, more preferably 20 to 50%, and particularly preferably 25 to 45% from the viewpoint of the viscosity index and low temperature viscosity. is there.
[0035]
The proportion of (c) in the monomer constituting (A) is preferably 0 to 90%, more preferably 10 to 50%, and particularly preferably 20 to 45% from the viewpoints of viscosity index and low temperature viscosity. .
[0036]
The proportion of (d) in the monomer constituting (A) is preferably 0.1 to 10%, preferably 1 to 7%, more preferably 2 to 5% from the viewpoint of sludge dispersibility.
[0037]
(A) has a weight average molecular weight of usually 5,000 to 500,000, preferably 8,000 to 300,000, more preferably 10,000 to 250,000. Slowly requires a large amount of addition. If it exceeds 500,000, the shear stability will be poor. The weight average molecular weight is a weight average molecular weight obtained by conversion to polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography.
[0038]
(A) has a solubility parameter of 8.6 to 9.5, preferably 9 to 9.35, more preferably 9.1 to 9.3, and the solubility parameter is within the above range. Good solubility.
In addition, the solubility parameter in this invention is Fedors method [Polym. Eng. Sci. 14 (2) 152, (1974)].
[0039]
In (A), the crystallization start temperature measured by a differential scanning calorimeter is −15 ° C. or lower, preferably −17.5 ° C. or lower, more preferably −20 ° C. or lower. If it is higher than −15 ° C., it crystallizes at a low temperature and adversely affects the low temperature characteristics. The crystallization start temperature by the differential scanning calorimeter of the present invention was measured from 100 ° C. to −45 ° C. at an isothermal rate of 10 ° C./min using UNIX DSC7 manufactured by PERKIN-ELMER, using 5 mg of viscosity index improver as a sample. The crystallization onset temperature sometimes observed.
[0040]
Further, in (A), the steric hindrance factor (F) represented by the following relational expression (2) is 0 or more and less than 15, preferably 0 to 12.5, more preferably 0 to 10, particularly preferably 0 to 0. 8.
F = 4X + Y (2)
When the steric hindrance factor (F) is 15 or more, the steric hindrance around the main chain becomes large, and it may be difficult to shrink at low temperatures and the low temperature viscosity may be increased.
[0041]
The steric hindrance factor (F) is the number of atoms located at the sixth position in the direction of the side chain when the atom of the main chain to which the side chain is bonded is the 0th in the constituent monomer unit of (A). 4 times the total number (X) (regardless of the type of atom) and the total of the seventh total number of atoms (Y) (regardless of the type of atom), (A) is the copolymer In the case, it is a value obtained by averaging (F) of each constituent unit based on the mole fraction of the constituent monomer unit.
The steric hindrance factor (F) represents the size of the steric hindrance of the side chain as viewed from the polymer main chain for convenience, and the larger the number, the greater the steric hindrance.
A calculation example is as follows. The numbers on the right shoulder of the atoms indicate the order of the atoms from the main chain. In addition, when there are a plurality of side chains, the sum calculated for these side chains is defined as (F).
[0042]
Example a) In the case of 2-decyltetradecyldiethylene glycol methacrylate unit
[Chemical 3]
[0044]
6th atomic number = 1, 7th atomic number = 3
Steric hindrance factor (F) = 1 × 4 + 3 = 7
[0045]
When (A) is a copolymer, an average value is calculated from the steric hindrance factor (F) calculated from each structural unit based on the mole fraction of the monomer units constituting the copolymer. Thus, the steric hindrance factor (F) is obtained.
[0046]
Example b) 2-decyltetradecyl methacrylate) / methyl methacrylate = 40/60 molar ratio copolymer
[Formula 4]
[0048]
6th atom number = 6 6th atom number = 0
7th atom number = 6 7th atom number = 0
Steric hindrance of constituent monomer Steric hindrance factor of constituent monomer (F) = 6 × 4 + 6 = 30 Factor (F) = 0 × 4 + 0 = 0
Molar ratio = 40: 60
Average value of steric hindrance factor (F) = 30 × 0.4 + 0 × 0.6 = 12.
[0049]
Examples of means for adjusting the physical property values (I) to (IV) of (A) in the present invention include the following methods.
For example, the weight average molecular weight of (I) can be adjusted by the polymerization temperature, monomer concentration (solvent concentration), catalyst amount, chain transfer agent amount, and the like.
The solubility parameter (SP value) of (II) is calculated using the SP value of each constituent unit [calculated by the aforementioned Fedors method (Polym. Eng. Sci. 14 (2), 152, (1974)]]. However, it can be adjusted by adopting the kind and molar ratio of the monomer so as to achieve the target SP value.
For example, the SP value can be adjusted by the length and the degree of branching of the alkyl group of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester.
The crystallization start temperature of (III) can be adjusted by selecting the monomer so that the methylene chain length exists continuously in the main chain and / or side chain of the polymer.
The steric hindrance factor (IV) can be adjusted by selecting the type and molar ratio of the structural unit as described above. For example, the steric hindrance factor is increased by using the fifth and sixth branched monomers so that the number of atoms located at the sixth and seventh positions from the main chain in the side chain is increased.
[0050]
The HLB value of (A) is preferably 0.5-6. When the HLB is within this range, the demulsibility is particularly good. More preferably, the HLB value is 1 to 5.5, and particularly preferably 1.5 to 5.
The HLB value of the present invention is a value calculated by the concept of organic inorganic HLB (“Introduction to New Surfactant”, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., P128).
[0051]
The (co) polymer (A) in the present invention can be obtained by a known production method. For example, it can be obtained by radical polymerization of the above monomer in a solvent in the presence of a polymerization catalyst.
[0052]
Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, alkylbenzene having 9 to 10 carbon atoms, methyl ethyl ketone, and mineral oil. Examples of the polymerization catalyst include azo catalysts (for example, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisvaleronitrile, etc.) Oxide systems (eg, benzoyl peroxide, cumyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, etc.) can be used. Furthermore, a chain transfer agent (for example, C2-C20 alkyl mercaptan etc.) can also be used if necessary. The reaction temperature is 50 to 140 ° C, preferably 70 to 120 ° C. In addition to the above solution polymerization, it can also be obtained by bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization. Furthermore, the polymerization mode of the copolymer may be either random addition polymerization or alternating copolymerization, and may be either graft copolymerization or block copolymerization.
[0053]
Furthermore, the viscosity index improver of the present invention may be used in combination with an alkyl (meth) acrylic acid ester (co) polymer (B) other than (A). (B) does not use the monomer (a) as a constituent monomer or / and does not satisfy at least one of the above (I) to (IV).
[0054]
(B) is not particularly limited as long as it is an alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer other than (A), and examples thereof include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters having an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. It is done.
Among the monomers constituting (B), a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester (b1) having a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms or a linear alkyl group having 16 to 24 carbon atoms is preferable. And / or (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester (b2) having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Specific examples of (b1) include n-pentyl (meth) acrylate, iso-pentyl (meth) acrylate, sec-pentyl (meth) acrylate, neopentyl (meth) acrylate, and n-hexyl (meth) acrylate. , N-heptyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-decyl (meth) acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acryl 2-methylundecyl acid, n-tridecyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methyldodecyl (meth) acrylate, n-tetradecyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methyltridecyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic N-pentadecyl acid, 2-methyltetradecyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic Such as n- octadecyl.
Specific examples of (b2) include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, iso-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, ( Examples include iso-butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, and t-butyl (meth) acrylate.
The mass ratio of the monomers constituting the polymer is preferably (b1) / (b2) = (80-100) / (20-0).
[0055]
(B) can be adjusted using the method described in the means for adjusting the physical property values of (I) to (IV).
[0056]
Specific examples of (B) include: octadecyl methacrylate / dodecyl methacrylate (molar ratio 10-30 / 90-70) copolymer, tetradecyl methacrylate / dodecyl methacrylate (molar ratio 10-30 / 90-70) Polymer, hexadecyl methacrylate / dodecyl methacrylate / methyl methacrylate (molar ratio 20-40 / 55-75 / 0-10) copolymer, dodecyl acrylate / dodecyl methacrylate (molar ratio 10-40 / 90-60) ) Copolymers and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0057]
When (B) is used in combination, the ratio of (B) to (A) is preferably 0 to 30%, preferably 0.01 to 20%, more preferably 0.01 to 10%. If (B) is the said range, a low-temperature viscosity is favorable.
[0058]
The viscosity index improver of the present invention is not particularly restricted but includes base oil to be added, kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 1 to 15 mm 2 / s, preferably 2 to 5 mm 2 / s, the viscosity index is 100 or more Preferably, it is 105 or more. A lubricating oil composition in which the viscosity index improver of the present invention is blended with such a base oil has a higher viscosity index and better fuel economy.
[0059]
Further, the cloud point (JIS K2269) of the base oil to which the viscosity index improver of the present invention is added is preferably −5 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is -15 degrees C or less. When the cloud point of the base oil is within this range, the amount of wax precipitated is small and the low-temperature viscosity is good. Base oils include solvent refined oils, high viscosity index oils containing isoparaffins and / or hydrocracking, hydrocarbon based synthetic lubricating oils, ester based synthetic lubricating oils, naphthenic oils and the like.
[0060]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is preferably produced by adding a viscosity index improver to the base oil in terms of (co) polymer (A), preferably 1 to 30%.
[0061]
When the lubricating oil composition is engine oil, 2 to 10% is preferably added as (A) to a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 4 to 10 mm 2 / s.
In the case of gear oil, 3 to 30% is preferably added to a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 3 to 10 mm 2 / s.
In the case of automatic transmission oil (ATF, belt CVT oil), 3 to 25% is preferably added to a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 2 to 6 mm 2 / s.
In the case of traction oil, 0.5 to 10% is preferably added to a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 1 to 5 mm 2 / s.
[0062]
Moreover, when using together (B), Preferably the total amount of (A) and (B) is 1-35% with respect to a base oil, More preferably, it is 2-30%.
In addition, (B) may be mixed with (A) in advance to form a viscosity index improver, which may be blended and added to the base oil. However, the base oil includes a viscosity index improver comprising (A) and (B). May be blended and mixed separately.
[0063]
The viscosity index improver of the present invention includes other optional components such as detergents (sulfate, salicylate, phenate, naphthenate and other Ca and Mg salts), dispersants (isobutenyl succinimide, Mannich condensation) ), Antioxidants (zinc dithiophosphate, amines, hindered phenols, etc.), oil improvers (fatty acids, fatty acid esters, etc.), friction wear modifiers (molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum carbamate, zinc) Dialkyldithiophosphate, etc.) and extreme pressure agents (sulfur phosphorus, chlor, etc.) may be used in combination.
[0064]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used for engine oil, gear oil, automatic transmission oil (ATF, CVT oil), traction oil, shock absorber oil, power steering oil, etc. for transportation equipment and various machine tools.
[0065]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition,% and part in an Example and a comparative example represent the mass% and a mass part.
(Method for measuring weight average molecular weight by GPC)
Apparatus: HLC-802A manufactured by Toyo Soda
Column: TSK gel GMH6 2 Measurement temperature: 40 ° C
Sample solution: 0.5 wt% THF solution injection amount: 200 μl
Detector: Refractive index detector Standard: Polystyrene [0066]
(Test method for low temperature viscosity)
The viscosity at −40 ° C. was measured by the method of JPI-5S-26-85.
[0067]
(Test method for viscosity index)
It was carried out by the method of JIS-K-2283.
[0068]
(Shear stability test method)
The test time was 12 hours in accordance with JASO M347-95.
[0069]
The monomers used in the production examples are as follows.
a-1: 2-decyltetradecyl diethylene glycol methacrylate a-2: 2-octyldecyl monoethylene glycol methacrylate a-3: 2-dodecyl hexadecyl dipropylene glycol methacrylate a-4: 2-dodecyl hexadecyl dibutylene glycol methacrylate a -5: 2-decyltetradecyl methacrylate a-6: 2-octyldodecyl methacrylate a-7: 2-dodecyl hexadecyl methacrylate a-8: 2-hexadecyl eicosyl methacrylate b-1: methyl methacrylate c-1: n -Hexadecyl methacrylate c-2: n-dodecyl methacrylate d-1: N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate d-2: N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate
Production Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Production Examples 1 and 2
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a thermometer, and a nitrogen blowing tube, 20 parts of toluene, 100 parts of the monomers listed in Table 1 in total, and dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent in the amounts shown in Table 1 Then, 0.5 part of azobisvaleronitrile as a radical polymerization initiator was charged, and after nitrogen substitution, a polymerization reaction was carried out at 85 ° C. for 4 hours in a sealed state. The obtained polymer was reprecipitated with methanol, washed twice with 200 parts of methanol, and dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain copolymers (A1) to (A12), and (H1) and (H2). .
[0071]
[Table 1]
[0072]
Production Example 13
As in Production Example 1, except that stearyl methacrylate 20 parts, lauryl methacrylate 80 parts, chain transfer agent 0.5 parts dodecyl mercaptan, and radical polymerization initiator 0.4 parts azobisvaleronitrile are used as monomers. The copolymer (B1) used together with (A) was obtained.
[0073]
Table 2 shows physical property values of (A1) to (A12), (H1), and (H1).
[0074]
[Table 2]
[0075]
Examples 1 to 12, Comparative Examples 1 and 2
A base oil (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 3.0 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 110) was charged into a stainless steel container equipped with a stirring and mixing device, and 0.2 part of (B1) was added. Furthermore, (A1) to (A12), (H1), or (H2) is added so that the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the obtained lubricating oil composition is 7.1 ± 0.1 (mm 2 / s) [The total of the lubricating oil composition is 100 parts]. Table 3 shows the viscosity index of (A1) to (A12), (H1), or (H2), the low temperature viscosity at −40 ° C., and the shear stability of these lubricating oil compositions.
[0076]
[Table 3]
[0077]
【The invention's effect】
The lubricating oil composition using the viscosity index improver of the present invention can improve the viscosity index as compared with the lubricating oil composition using the conventional PMA viscosity index improver, and is excellent in shear stability and low temperature viscosity. Therefore, it is possible to meet future fuel efficiency requirements of automobiles. Therefore, drive system lubricating oil (manual transmission oil, differential gear oil, automatic transmission oil, belt CVT oil, etc.), hydraulic oil (machine hydraulic oil, power steering oil, shock absorber oil, etc.), engine oil (for gasoline, diesel) And the like, and can be suitably used for traction oil.

Claims (9)

下記一般式(1)で示される炭素数16〜36の分岐アルキル基を有する単量体(a)を必須構成単量体とし、かつ下記(I)〜(IV)の全てを満たす(共)重合体(A)を含有する粘度指数向上剤。
一般式
[R1は水素原子またはメチル基、Xは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基、nは平均が0〜10となる0または1〜20の整数であり、nが2以上の場合のXは同一でも異なっていてもよく、(XO)n部分はランダム付加でもブロック付加でもよい。R2は炭素数16〜36の分岐アルキル基]
(I)重量平均分子量が5,000〜500,000、
(II)溶解性パラメーターが8.6〜9.5、
(III)示差走査熱量計による結晶化開始温度が−15℃以下、
(IV)下記関係式(2)で表される立体障害ファクター(F)が0以上15未満。
関係式
F=4X+Y (2)
{構成単量体単位において、側鎖中の、主鎖から6番目に位置する原子の総数をX、7番目に位置する原子の総数をYとする。}
The monomer (a) having a branched alkyl group having 16 to 36 carbon atoms represented by the following general formula (1) is an essential constituent monomer, and all of the following (I) to (IV) are satisfied (co) A viscosity index improver containing a polymer (A).
General formula
[R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 0 or 1 to 20 having an average of 0 to 10, and X is the same when n is 2 or more. However, they may be different, and the (XO) n portion may be randomly added or block added. R 2 is a branched alkyl group having 16 to 36 carbon atoms.
(I) a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000,
(II) the solubility parameter is 8.6 to 9.5,
(III) The crystallization start temperature by a differential scanning calorimeter is −15 ° C. or lower,
(IV) The steric hindrance factor (F) represented by the following relational expression (2) is 0 or more and less than 15.
Relational expression F = 4X + Y (2)
{In the constituent monomer unit, X is the total number of atoms located in the sixth position from the main chain in the side chain, and Y is the total number of atoms located in the seventh position. }
立体障害ファクター(F)が0〜10である請求項1記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to claim 1, wherein the steric hindrance factor (F) is 0 to 10. (A)を構成する単量体の割合が(a)が5〜90質量%、炭素数が1〜4のアルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル(b)が10〜60質量%、炭素数が8〜15のアルキル基もしくは炭素数16〜18の直鎖アルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル(c)が0〜85質量%である請求項1また2記載の粘度指数向上剤。The proportion of the monomer constituting (A) is 5 to 90% by mass of (a), 10 to 60% by mass of (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester (b) having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, The viscosity index improvement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester (c) having an alkyl group having 8 to 15 carbon atoms or a linear alkyl group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms is 0 to 85% by mass. Agent. 単独重合体の結晶化開始温度が0℃以下である単量体(a)を必須構成単量体とする請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the monomer (a) having a crystallization start temperature of the homopolymer of 0 ° C or lower is an essential constituent monomer. (A)を構成する単量体として、さらに含窒素原子ビニル単量体(d)を全単量体の質量に基づいて0.1〜10質量%含む請求項1〜4いずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤。The viscosity according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising, as a monomer constituting (A), 0.1 to 10% by mass of a nitrogen-containing vinyl monomer (d) based on the mass of all monomers. Index improver. さらに、(A)以外の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(B)を0.01〜10質量%含有してなる請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤。Furthermore, the viscosity index improver in any one of Claims 1-5 formed by containing 0.01-10 mass% of (meth) acrylic acid ester type polymers (B) other than (A). 請求項1〜6のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤と基油を含有してなる潤滑油組成物。A lubricating oil composition comprising the viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a base oil. 請求項1〜6のいずれか記載の粘度指数向上剤、(A)以外の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル重合体(B)、および基油を配合してなる潤滑油組成物。A lubricating oil composition comprising the viscosity index improver according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a (meth) acrylic acid ester polymer (B) other than (A), and a base oil. 基油の100℃動粘度が1〜15mm2/sであり、かつ基油の粘度指数が100以上である請求項7または8記載の潤滑油組成物。The lubricating oil composition according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the base oil has a 100 ° C kinematic viscosity of 1 to 15 mm 2 / s and the base oil has a viscosity index of 100 or more.
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