JP2004119239A - Fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment and combined cycle power generation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment wherein the fuel cell and the gas turbine can be operated at the maximum through put. <P>SOLUTION: This provision has an SOFC1 to generate power by cell-reacting oxygen and fuel in supplied compressed air via an electrolyte after compressed air compressed by a compressor 3 is supplied, a burner 10 to burn exhaust air and tail gas from the fuel cell 1, a gas turbine 4 in which burning gas from the burner 10 is expanded, and a by-pass path 64 to supply one part of the compressed air compressed by a compressor 3 to the burner 10. Output of the gas turbine 4 is made to increase by increasing amount of supplied air to the burner 10, and inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 is adjusted appropriately. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility combining a fuel cell (solid electrolyte fuel cell) and a gas turbine, and a combined power generation facility combining a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a steam turbine facility.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art A fuel cell is a device that generates electric power by causing an electric cell reaction between air and fuel via an electrolyte, and can generate electric energy with high power generation efficiency. The temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell is high, and the system energy can be reduced by recovering the thermal energy of the exhaust gas by a bottoming cycle such as a gas turbine and a steam turbine for power generation. Power generation efficiency can be obtained.
[0003]
In particular, the temperature of the exhaust gas is high in a high-temperature fuel cell (a solid electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) with an operating temperature of about 1000 ° C. or a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) with an operating temperature of about 650 ° C.). For this reason, various types of gas turbine power generation equipment combining a high-temperature fuel cell and a gas turbine have been conventionally developed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-297336
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Turbine power generation equipment combining a fuel cell (for example, SOFC) and a gas turbine can generate power with high efficiency, but there is still enough room to further improve efficiency. It is.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a fuel cell in which a fuel cell and a gas turbine are combined-a fuel cell capable of operating a fuel cell and a gas turbine with maximum efficiency in a gas turbine power generation facility- It is intended to provide a gas turbine power generation facility.
[0007]
Further, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides a combined power generation facility combining a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a steam turbine facility capable of operating a fuel cell and a gas turbine with maximum efficiency. The purpose is to do.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment of the present invention comprises:
A compressor for compressing air,
A fuel cell in which compressed air compressed by the compressor is supplied and oxygen and fuel in the supplied compressed air are subjected to a cell reaction via an electrolyte to generate power, and
A combustor for burning exhaust air and exhaust gas from the fuel cell,
A gas turbine in which combustion gas from the combustor is expanded;
A bypass for supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor to the combustor;
It is characterized by having.
[0009]
And in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to claim 1,
The temperature of the compressed air supplied to the fuel cell is raised by being preheated by the reaction heat of the fuel cell.
[0010]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The temperature of the compressed air supplied to the fuel cell is increased by mixing a part of the exhaust air from the fuel cell.
[0011]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A heat exchanger is provided for performing heat exchange between compressed air from the compressor and exhaust gas of the gas turbine to heat the compressed air.
[0012]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The compression ratio of the compressor and the expansion ratio of the gas turbine are set to a pressure ratio at which a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between compressed air and exhaust gas is not required.
[0013]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell,
Solid electrolyte fuel cells are
A fuel chamber provided inside the upper part of the container,
An exhaust gas chamber provided at a lower portion of the fuel chamber and separated by a fuel chamber tube sheet;
A battery chamber provided at a lower part of the exhaust gas chamber and separated by an exhaust gas chamber tube sheet;
An exhaust air chamber provided at a lower portion of the battery chamber and partitioned by an exhaust air chamber tube sheet;
An air chamber provided below the exhaust air chamber and partitioned by an air chamber tube sheet;
A fuel inner pipe whose both ends are open and whose upper end is open to the fuel chamber and whose lower end is arranged in the battery chamber,
A porous fuel outer pipe in which the lower end is closed and the upper end is opened to be disposed outside the fuel inner pipe, the lower part covers the opening of the fuel inner pipe, and the upper end is disposed to be open to the exhaust gas chamber,
A large number of exhaust air exhaust holes provided in the exhaust air chamber tube sheet,
An air heating tube whose both ends are open and whose upper end is arranged above the battery chamber and whose lower end is open to the air chamber;
A battery disposed on the outer periphery of the fuel outer tube.
When fuel is supplied to the fuel chamber, fuel is sent from the lower end to the fuel outer pipe through the fuel inner pipe, and air is supplied to the air chamber. Sent,
Fuel passing through the wall of the porous fuel outer tube and oxygen in the air undergo a battery reaction via the electrolyte to generate power,
Exhaust gas containing unburned fuel in the fuel outer tube flows through the fuel outer tube and is sent to the exhaust gas chamber, and exhaust air of the battery chamber is sent to the exhaust air chamber through the exhaust air exhaust hole,
The air flowing through the air heating tube is heated by the reaction heat of power generation
It is characterized by the following.
[0014]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to claim 6,
Solid electrolyte fuel cells are
A battery is provided on the outer wall of the fuel outer tube,
The fuel electrode becomes a reforming catalyst for reforming the fuel,
It is characterized by recovering a part of the reaction heat of power generation by heat absorption by the fuel reforming reaction and recovering and removing all the reaction heat of power generation by heating the air flowing through the air heating tube with the remainder of the reaction heat of power generation. .
[0015]
To achieve the above object, a combined power generation facility of the present invention is a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a gas turbine of the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility. An exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers heat of the exhaust gas to generate steam, a steam turbine that operates by using the steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler, a condensing unit that condenses the exhaust of the steam turbine, and a condensing unit. Water supply means for supplying condensed water to the exhaust heat recovery boiler.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment is determined by the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell (SOFC) at a predetermined fuel supply amount, the exhaust gas and exhaust air of the gas turbine mixed with the combustion gas obtained by burning the unreacted fuel. Determined by output. In order to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell, it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the fuel and air supplied to the cell chamber to an appropriate temperature for the reforming reaction and the cell reaction.
[0017]
If the efficiency of the fuel cell is fixed, the efficiency of the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment depends on the output of the gas turbine. That is, in the SOFC / gas turbine / low temperature heat exchange plant system, the system design and equipment design are performed so that the maximum gas turbine output is obtained while ensuring the high efficiency operation conditions of the SOFC for the high efficiency operation of the plant. It is necessary to do.
[0018]
The functions and effects for achieving high efficiency are as follows.
[0019]
(1) High efficiency of SOFC
[0020]
The fuel cell tube has a double tube structure, and fuel (hereinafter referred to as methane gas used for city gas, etc.) is supplied to the inner tube of the double tube, and absorbs the reaction heat of the cell in the process of descending the inner tube, and At the outlet, it is heated to the temperature required for fuel reforming and cell reactions. Subsequently, a fuel reforming reaction occurs in the process of raising the annular portions of the outer tube and the inner tube, and CO and H required for the cell reaction are increased.₂And a battery reaction is performed. The fuel reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction, and approximately 50% of the reaction heat generated by the cell reaction is used for the reforming reaction (endothermic reaction). In this way, fuel heating and reforming are performed rationally inside the battery tube, and appropriate conditions are ensured for the battery reaction, and the battery reaction is promoted.
[0021]
On the other hand, the reaction air absorbs excess heat of the battery reaction heat and is heated to a temperature appropriate for the battery reaction in internal heat exchange installed inside the battery chamber. As described above, appropriate conditions for the fuel and air co-reforming and the battery reaction are ensured, so that the SOFC can perform high-efficiency power generation.
[0022]
(2) High efficiency of gas turbine (high output)
[0023]
The amount of heat recovered in the low-temperature heat exchange can be increased by increasing the outlet air temperature and increasing the amount of tempering air by installing the high-temperature efficiency low-temperature heat exchange installation. On the other hand, since the efficiency of a gas turbine depends on the pressure ratio of the gas turbine, it is possible to optimize the pressure ratio and achieve an increase in gas turbine output (increase in gas turbine input and higher efficiency) by the following system design method. I made it.
[0024]
Low temperature heat exchange efficiency η_t= (Output air temperature-inlet air temperature) / (inlet gas temperature-inlet air temperature) x 100%.
[0025]
(1) An increase in turbine heat input due to the abolition of high-temperature heat exchange
[0026]
Reduce the required temperature of the air supplied to the SOFC by installing internal heat exchange, install internal heat exchange to obtain the required temperature only with low temperature heat exchange, install high temperature efficiency low temperature heat exchange, and install gas turbine pressure ratio Optimized. This eliminates the need for high-temperature heat exchange, so that the temperature of exhaust air supplied to the gas turbine combustor does not decrease. Therefore, since there is no decrease in the temperature of the combustion gas introduced into the gas turbine combustor, it is necessary to increase (can increase) the tempering air. An increase in tempering air (low-temperature heat exchange outlet air supplied by the SOFC bypass air pipe) increases the amount of heat recovered by low-temperature heat exchange and the turbine drive fluid. That is, the turbine heat input increases.
[0027]
(2) Increase in heat recovery in low-temperature heat exchange
[0028]
The output of the gas turbine increases as the input of the gas turbine increases and as the efficiency increases. Under the condition that the outlet air temperature of the low-temperature heat exchange reaches the required temperature of the internal heat exchange of the SOFC, the temperature efficiency at which the amount of heat recovery is maximized is high (realistic maximum temperature efficiency η_RM= 90-95%) By installing the regenerative heat exchanger and using the regenerative heat exchanger outlet air as the tempering air, the decrease in the combustor outlet gas temperature (tempering effect) and the increase in the amount of heat recovery were measured.
[0029]
(3) Improving gas turbine efficiency
[0030]
Theoretical cycle efficiency η of gas turbine_GTIs given by the mechanical efficiency (compressor efficiency η in the following equation)_C, Turbine efficiency η_T) Is constant, the maximum / minimum temperature ratio τ (= turbine inlet temperature T₃/ Compressor inlet temperature T₁Ratio) and pressure ratio φ (= compressor outlet pressure P₂/ Compressor inlet pressure P₁) (= Turbine inlet temperature T)₃/ Temperature insulation outlet temperature T of turbine₄').
Here, since τ is constant, the gas turbine efficiency depends only on ψ.
[0031]
η_GT= (Τη_Cη_T−ψ) (1-1 / ψ) / (η)_Cτ-ψ + 1-η_C)
= (C₁−ψ) (1-1 / ψ) / (C₂−ψ)
[0032]
C in the ideal cycle₁= C₂Therefore, the efficiency of the ideal cycle (Brayton cycle) is
η_GT= 1-1 / ψ = 1-1 / φ^{(K-1) / k}
That is, the gas turbine efficiency is improved by increasing the pressure ratio.
ψ = T₃/ T₄'= Φ^{(K-1) / k}, The adiabatic index k (= Cp / Cv) is constant.
[0033]
By installing internal heat exchange in the SOFC and lowering the low temperature heat exchange outlet temperature, the low temperature heat exchange inlet gas temperature T₄'Can be lowered. That is, a gas turbine with a high pressure ratio can be designed, and the gas turbine efficiency can be improved.
[0034]
By performing the above-described system and equipment design, it is possible to obtain optimal operating conditions under which the outputs of the SOFC and the gas turbine are maximized for a fixed fuel heat input. Hereinafter, specific embodiments will be described.
[0035]
First embodiment example
[0036]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic system of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0037]
As shown in the figure, the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment includes a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 1 as a fuel cell and a gas turbine equipment 2. The gas turbine facility 2 includes a compressor 3, a combustor 10, a gas turbine 4, and a generator 5, and exhaust gas from the gas turbine 4 is sent to a low-temperature heat exchanger 61.
[0038]
In the low-temperature heat exchanger 61, the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is heated (heat exchange) by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4. The exhaust gas whose heat has been recovered by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is further recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 and discharged from the chimney 21 to the atmosphere.
[0039]
The SOFC 1 generates power by causing a battery reaction between air (oxygen) and the fuel f via an electrolyte. Reference numeral 20 in the figure denotes an orthogonal transformer for converting DC power obtained by the SOFC 1 into AC.
[0040]
The exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 generates steam by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas, and the generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 where the power is recovered. Exhaust steam from the steam turbine 7 is condensed by a condenser 8 as condensing means, and the condensed water is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by a water supply pump 9 as water supplying means (combined power generation equipment).
[0041]
Since the exhaust gas recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 is the exhaust gas recovered by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61, if the high-temperature steam for driving the steam turbine 7 cannot be generated, High-temperature steam can be generated by, for example, providing a superheating means. Further, when hot water or the like is generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6, a hot water supply facility or the like can be applied.
[0042]
The air supplied to the SOFC 1 is compressed by the compressor 3 and heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61. The compressed air heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 and supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 1. The exhaust air that has completed the reaction in the battery chamber 1a of the SOFC 1 is sent from the air exhaust pipe 17 to the high-temperature heat exchanger 62, and the compressed air is heated by the exhaust air of the SOFC 1.
[0043]
The exhaust air recovered by the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 is supplied to the combustor 10. On the other hand, the fuel f is supplied to the battery chamber 1a of the SOFC 1 from the fuel supply pipe 14 after the sulfur content is removed via the desulfurization device 63, and the exhaust gas containing the unreacted components after the reaction is discharged from the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. It is supplied to the combustor 10.
[0044]
A bypass 64 is provided for joining a part of the compressed air heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 to the exhaust air at the inlet side of the combustor 10, and a bypass air control valve 65 is provided in the bypass 64. That is, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is supplied to the combustor 10 with its flow rate adjusted by the bypass air control valve 65.
[0045]
By supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 to the combustor 10, the amount of air supplied to the combustor 10 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 4 can be improved. Further, even in the case of the gas turbine 4 having the non-cooling structure without the blade cooling structure or the like, the combustion temperature can be maintained at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.). it can.
[0046]
In the combined power generation facility equipped with the gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, the fuel f is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 to the SOFC 1, compressed by the compressor 3 and heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 62. The supplied air is supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 1. In the SOFC 1, power is generated by a cell reaction between oxygen and fuel f in the air.
[0047]
Exhaust gas containing unreacted components is supplied to the combustor 10 through an exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. The exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen is recovered in the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 and supplied to the combustor 10.
[0048]
A part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64. In the combustor 10, exhaust gas containing unreacted components and exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen are burned, and unreacted fuel is burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas.
[0049]
The gas turbine 4 is operated by the generated combustion gas (exhaust gas), and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to generate steam. The generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 to recover power, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 7 is condensed by the condenser 8 and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by the water supply pump 9.
[0050]
In the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64, so that the combustor The amount of air supplied to the gas turbine 10 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 4 can be improved. The gas turbine 4 having the non-cooled structure without the blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0051]
Therefore, by applying the SOFC 1, a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a combined power generation facility that make full use of the function of the gas turbine 4 can be provided.
[0052]
Second Embodiment Example
[0053]
FIG. 2 shows a schematic system of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment of the second embodiment has a configuration in which the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 is not provided and the SOFC has an air heating pipe 45 for heating air inside.
[0054]
As shown in the figure, the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment includes a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 31 as a fuel cell and a gas turbine equipment 2. The gas turbine facility 2 includes a compressor 3, a combustor 10, a gas turbine 4, and a generator 5, and exhaust gas from the gas turbine 4 is sent to a low-temperature heat exchanger 61.
[0055]
In the low-temperature heat exchanger 61, the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is heated (heat exchange) by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4. The exhaust gas whose heat has been recovered by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is further recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 and discharged from the chimney 21 to the atmosphere.
[0056]
The SOFC 31 generates power by causing a cell reaction between air (oxygen) and the fuel f via an electrolyte. Reference numeral 20 in the drawing denotes an orthogonal transformer for converting DC power obtained by the SOFC 31 into AC.
[0057]
The exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 generates steam by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas, and the generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 where the power is recovered. Exhaust steam from the steam turbine 7 is condensed by a condenser 8 as condensing means, and the condensed water is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by a water supply pump 9 as water supplying means (combined power generation equipment).
[0058]
Since the exhaust gas recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 is the exhaust gas recovered by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61, if the high-temperature steam for driving the steam turbine 7 cannot be generated, High-temperature steam can be generated by, for example, providing a heating means. Further, when hot water or the like is generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6, a hot water supply facility or the like can be applied.
[0059]
The air supplied to the SOFC 31 is compressed by the compressor 3 and is heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61. The compressed air heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 31, and is heated by an air heating pipe 45 (details will be described later) provided inside the SOFC 31 to become reaction air.
[0060]
The exhaust air that has completed the reaction in the battery chamber 39 of the SOFC 31 is supplied to the combustor 10 from the air exhaust pipe 17. On the other hand, the fuel f is supplied to the battery chamber 39 of the SOFC 31 from the fuel supply pipe 14 after the sulfur content is removed via the desulfurization device 63, and the exhaust gas containing the unreacted components after the reaction is discharged from the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. It is supplied to the combustor 10.
[0061]
A bypass 64 is provided for joining a part of the compressed air heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 to the exhaust air at the inlet side of the combustor 10, and a bypass air control valve 65 is provided in the bypass 64. That is, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is supplied to the combustor 10 with its flow rate adjusted by the bypass air control valve 65.
[0062]
By supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 to the combustor 10, the amount of air supplied to the combustor 10 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 4 can be improved. The gas turbine 4 having the non-cooled structure without the blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0063]
In the combined power generation facility including the gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, the fuel f is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 to the SOFC 31, and the air compressed by the compressor 3 and heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is supplied by air. It is supplied from the pipe 12 to the SOFC 31. In the SOFC 31, after the supply air is heated by the air heating pipe 45, power is generated by a cell reaction of oxygen and fuel f in the air.
[0064]
Exhaust gas containing unreacted components is supplied to the combustor 10 through an exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. The exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen is recovered in the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 and supplied to the combustor 10.
[0065]
A part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64. In the combustor 10, exhaust gas containing unreacted components and exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen are burned, and unreacted fuel is burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas.
[0066]
The gas turbine 4 is operated by the generated combustion gas (exhaust gas), and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to generate steam. The generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 to recover power, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 7 is condensed by the condenser 8 and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by the water supply pump 9.
[0067]
In the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64, so that the combustor The amount of air supplied to the gas turbine 10 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 4 can be improved. The gas turbine 4 having the non-cooled structure without the blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0068]
Further, since the SOFC 31 is provided with the air heating pipe 45, the temperature of the air supplied to the SOFC 31 can be lowered, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 can be increased in size and designed to have high temperature efficiency. . By increasing the size of the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 and designing it to have high temperature efficiency, a large amount of compressed air is brought into a required temperature state when the retained heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is recovered by the outlet air of the compressor 3. It can be supplied to the SOFC 31 side. Therefore, even if a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is supplied to the combustor 10, the required amount of air can be secured by the SOFC 31.
[0069]
In this way, by mixing the air at the outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 into the combustor 10, the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 is controlled to an appropriate temperature, and the amount of heat recovery from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is maximized. The output of the gas turbine 4 can be maximized under the condition that the output of the SOFC 31 is kept constant.
[0070]
Therefore, by applying the SOFC 31, it becomes possible to provide a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a combined power generation facility that make full use of the functions of the gas turbine 4.
[0071]
The detailed configuration of the SOFC 31 including the air heating pipe 45 applied to the gas turbine power generation facility of the combined power generation facility described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the SOFC 31 applied to the gas turbine equipment of the combined power generation facility, FIG. 4 is a schematic cross section of the SOFC 31 applied to the gas turbine equipment of the combined power generation facility, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing details.
[0072]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the SOFC 31 is a fuel cell that operates at a high temperature {900 to 1000 ° C. when the electrolyte is YSZ (Yttria {Saltized} Zirconia)}. ) 32. The interior of the casing 32 is partitioned from above by a fuel chamber tube sheet 33, an exhaust gas chamber tube sheet 34, an exhaust air chamber tube sheet 35, and an air chamber tube sheet 36, and the fuel chamber 37, the exhaust gas chamber 38, the battery chamber 39, and the exhaust chamber. An air chamber 40 and an air chamber 41 are formed. The exhaust air chamber tube plate 35 is provided with a large number of exhaust air exhaust holes 35a that communicate the battery chamber 39 and the exhaust air chamber 40.
[0073]
A large number of battery tubes 42 are provided inside the battery chamber 39, and the battery tube 42 has a double tube structure of an outer fuel tube 43 and an inner fuel tube 44. The fuel inner tube 44 and the fuel outer tube 43 of the double tube battery tube 12 are supported by a fuel chamber tube plate 33 and an exhaust gas room tube plate 34, respectively.
[0074]
Both ends of the fuel inner tube 44 are open, and the lower end of the fuel outer tube 43 is closed and only the upper end is open. Both ends of the fuel inner tube 44 are open and the upper end thereof is opened to the fuel chamber 37, and the lower end is arranged to the battery chamber 39. The outer fuel tube 43 is disposed outside the inner fuel tube 44, and the lower end portion covers the opening of the inner fuel tube 44 and the upper end portion opens to the exhaust gas chamber 38. The outer fuel tube 43 is formed of a porous material.
[0075]
A large number of air heating pipes 45 having both ends opened are disposed inside the battery chamber 39. The air heating pipes 45 penetrate the exhaust gas chamber 38, the exhaust air chamber tube plate 35, and the air chamber tube plate 36, and the lower end thereof. Are supported by the air chamber tube sheet 36 in a state where they are open to the air chamber 41. Restrictors 46 are provided at the inlet portions of the air heating tubes 45, respectively, so that the pressure of the air supplied from the air chamber 41 to each of the air heating tubes 45 is maintained uniformly.
[0076]
As a mechanism for maintaining uniformity, it is also possible to adopt a mechanism for maintaining uniform pressure of air supplied to each air heating tube 45 by changing the flow area of the air chamber 41.
[0077]
The fuel supply pipe 14 is connected to the fuel chamber 37, and the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15 is connected to the exhaust gas chamber 38. Further, the air discharge pipe 17 is connected to the discharge air chamber 40, and the air supply pipe 12 is connected to the air chamber 41.
[0078]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a battery 53 having a fuel electrode, an electrolyte, and an air electrode is formed on the surface of the fuel outer tube 43 of the battery tube 42. The fuel electrode serves as a catalyst for reforming the fuel, and the fuel sent to the battery tube 42 is internally reformed (endothermic reaction).
[0079]
That is, as shown in FIG. 5, a battery 53 having a fuel electrode 55, an electrolyte 56 and an air electrode 57 is formed on the surface of the fuel outer tube 43 of the battery tube 42. The fuel electrode 55 is made of, for example, nickel cermet, and the fuel electrode 55 itself is a catalyst for reforming the fuel. Fuel such as methane passes through the porous fuel outer tube 43 and is reformed at the fuel electrode 55, so that hydrogen can be used. Oxygen in the air receives electrons to become oxygen ions, moves the electrolyte 56 to the fuel side, emits electrons at the fuel electrode 55, and₂O and CO₂And power is generated.
[0080]
As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 5, a reforming catalyst 59 may be provided on the outer surface of the fuel inner tube 44 of the battery tube 42 to promote the reforming.
[0081]
The fuel supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 to the fuel chamber 37 is sent from the fuel chamber 37 to the fuel inner pipe 44 of the battery pipe 42, and is inverted at the lower end of the fuel inner pipe 44 to form the fuel inner pipe 44 and the fuel outer pipe 43. The ascending annular portion is sent to the exhaust gas chamber 38. The fuel absorbs the reaction heat due to the cell reaction in the process of descending through the fuel inner tube 44, and at the inlet of the annular portion, the temperature rises to the temperature required for the cell reaction and partially reformed to absorb the cell reaction heat. In the annular portion, a reforming reaction and a battery reaction are performed.
[0082]
The air supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the air chamber 41 is sent to the air heating pipe 45 and rises inside the air heating pipe 45. A part of the exhaust air branched from the air discharge pipe 17 is mixed into the air supply pipe 12 via the recirculation pipe 51 to raise the temperature of the air in the air chamber 41. The air absorbs the battery reaction heat in the process of rising in the air heating tube 45, is heated to a temperature necessary for the battery reaction, and is discharged to the battery chamber 39.
[0083]
The discharged air descends in the battery chamber 39 while performing a battery reaction, and is sent to the exhaust air chamber 40 through the gap around the through portion of the air heating tube 45 of the exhaust air chamber tube plate 35 and the exhaust air exhaust hole 35a. Can be
[0084]
In the SOFC 31 having the above-described structure, fuel flows through the battery tube 42 having a double-tube structure. The SOFC 31 absorbs heat of reaction (heated) in a process of descending the fuel inner tube 44 and in a process of ascending the annular portion. The structure absorbs heat by the reforming reaction. In addition, the air has a function of absorbing the reaction heat in the process of ascending the air heating tube 45. For this reason, the fuel has a structure having a maximum internal heat absorbing function.
[0085]
In the above-described SOFC 31, the air and the fuel have a necessary internal heat absorbing function, so that the temperature of the air supplied to the air chamber 41 and the temperature of the fuel supplied to the fuel chamber 37 can be reduced accordingly, and the amount of supplied air is reduced. be able to. Moreover, the air discharged from the air heating tube 45 to the battery chamber 39 is at an appropriate temperature level.
[0086]
Further, in the above-described SOFC 31, the fuel is passed through the battery tube 42 and air is supplied to the battery chamber 39. However, the fuel electrode 55 and the air electrode 57 are exchanged to allow air to pass through the battery tube 42 A configuration in which fuel is supplied to the chamber 39 is also possible. In this case, the air heating tube 45 is provided at an appropriate portion capable of absorbing the reaction heat.
[0087]
In the above-described SOFC 31 of the present embodiment, since the internal air heating means (air heating pipe 45) of the SOFC 31 absorbs excess battery reaction heat and performs air heating, the inlet air temperature of the SOFC 31 can be reduced. For this reason, the supply air amount can be reduced. By appropriately distributing the air heating tubes 45, equalization of heat absorption can be obtained, and the temperature of the air discharged into the battery chamber 39 by optimizing the number of the air heating tubes 45 can be adjusted to an appropriate level for the battery reaction. Is obtained.
[0088]
As described above, since the air is heated by absorbing the excess heat of the reaction by the internal air heating method, the temperature of the air supplied to the SOFC 31 can be reduced, which is necessary from the viewpoint of cooling the SOFC 31 (removal of the reaction heat). By reducing the amount of air, the temperature inside the battery can be controlled to reduce the retained heat of the exhaust air and the exhaust gas, thereby reducing the exhaust gas loss.
[0089]
In addition, since the fuel tube 44 is provided with a fuel heating function in the fuel inner tube 44 by using the battery tube 42 as a double tube, even if a low-temperature fuel that does not pass through the fuel heater is supplied, the battery reaction portion absorbs heat and reacts. Before the fuel reaches the (lower end of the fuel inner pipe 44), the temperature can be raised to a temperature level appropriate for the cell reaction.
[0090]
Accordingly, it is possible to remove endothermic heat of reaction (temperature control) without deteriorating the battery performance, and it is possible to avoid an increase in the amount of air for exhausting the reaction heat and to avoid a decrease in efficiency.
[0091]
Further, since a catalyst material having a reforming function is used for the fuel electrode 55, the fuel electrode 55 can have a reforming function. Further, for example, by coating or mixing a material having a reforming catalytic function (catalyst 59) on the outer surface of the fuel inner pipe 44, the internal reforming function can be improved, and a wide range of fuels that are difficult to reform can be used. Even this allows internal reforming.
[0092]
It should be noted that the above-described SOFC 31 can be provided instead of the SOFC 1 of the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility shown in FIG. In this case, it is also possible to omit the air heating pipe 45 and increase the temperature of the air only by mixing a part of the exhaust air into the air supply pipe 12, and by omitting the air heating pipe 45. The battery chamber 39 can be simplified.
[0093]
Third embodiment example
[0094]
FIG. 6 shows a schematic system of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to the third embodiment is not provided with the high-temperature heat exchanger 62, and is one of the high-temperature exhaust air that has completed the reaction between the air exhaust pipe 17 and the air supply pipe 12. A recirculation pipe 51 for recirculating the section is provided.
[0095]
As shown in the figure, the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment includes a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 1 as a fuel cell and a gas turbine equipment 2. The gas turbine facility 2 includes a compressor 3, a combustor 10, a gas turbine 4, and a generator 5, and exhaust gas from the gas turbine 4 is sent to a low-temperature heat exchanger 61.
[0096]
In the low-temperature heat exchanger 61, the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is heated (heat exchange) by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4. The exhaust gas whose heat has been recovered by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is further recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 and discharged from the chimney 21 to the atmosphere.
[0097]
The SOFC 1 generates power by causing a battery reaction between air (oxygen) and the fuel f via an electrolyte. Reference numeral 20 in the figure denotes an orthogonal transformer for converting DC power obtained by the SOFC 1 into AC.
[0098]
The exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 generates steam by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas, and the generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 where the power is recovered. Exhaust steam from the steam turbine 7 is condensed by a condenser 8 as condensing means, and the condensed water is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by a water supply pump 9 as water supplying means (combined power generation equipment).
[0099]
Since the exhaust gas recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 is the exhaust gas recovered by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61, if the high-temperature steam for driving the steam turbine 7 cannot be generated, High-temperature steam can be generated by, for example, providing a heating means. Further, when hot water or the like is generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6, a hot water supply facility or the like can be applied.
[0100]
The air supplied to the SOFC 1 is compressed by the compressor 3 and heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61. The compressed air heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 1. The exhaust air that has completed the reaction in the battery chamber 1a of the SOFC 1 is supplied to the combustor 10 from the air exhaust pipe 17.
[0101]
A recirculation pipe 51 is provided between the air discharge pipe 17 and the air supply pipe 12 to recirculate a part of the high-temperature exhaust air that has completed the reaction. By the control, the temperature of the air mixed into the air supply pipe 12 and supplied to the SOFC 1 is increased.
[0102]
An ejector 52 is provided in the air supply pipe 12 at the junction of the recirculation pipe 51, and a static pressure difference is formed between the air discharge pipe 17 and the air supply pipe 12 by the ejector 52. A part of the exhaust air from the air discharge pipe 17 is guided to the recirculation pipe 51 and sent to the air supply pipe 12 by the static pressure difference formed by the ejector 52.
[0103]
In addition, it is also possible to provide a booster ventilator etc. in the recirculation pipe 51 instead of the ejector 52.
[0104]
On the other hand, the fuel f is supplied to the battery chamber 39 of the SOFC 31 from the fuel supply pipe 14 after the sulfur content is removed via the desulfurization device 63, and the exhaust gas containing the unreacted components after the reaction is discharged from the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. It is supplied to the combustor 10.
[0105]
A bypass 64 is provided for joining a part of the compressed air heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 to the exhaust air at the inlet side of the combustor 10, and a bypass air control valve 65 is provided in the bypass 64. That is, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is supplied to the combustor 10 with its flow rate adjusted by the bypass air control valve 65.
[0106]
By supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 to the combustor 10, the amount of air supplied to the combustor 10 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 4 can be improved. The gas turbine 4 having the non-cooled structure without the blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0107]
In the combined power generation facility including the gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, the fuel f is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 to the SOFC 1, and the air compressed by the compressor 3 and heated by the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is supplied by air. It is supplied from the pipe 12 to the SOFC 1. Further, a part of the high-temperature exhaust air is mixed from the recirculation pipe 51 into the air supply pipe 12 under the control of the flow control valve 71 and supplied to the SOFC 1. In the SOFC 1, a part of high-temperature exhaust air is mixed to heat the supply air, and power is generated by a cell reaction of oxygen and fuel f in the air.
[0108]
Exhaust gas containing unreacted components is supplied to the combustor 10 through an exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. Exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen is supplied to the combustor 10.
[0109]
A part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64. In the combustor 10, exhaust gas containing unreacted components and exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen are burned, and unreacted fuel is burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas.
[0110]
The gas turbine 4 is operated by the generated combustion gas (exhaust gas), and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to generate steam. The generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 to recover power, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 7 is condensed by the condenser 8 and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by the water supply pump 9.
[0111]
In the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64, so that the combustor The amount of air supplied to the gas turbine 10 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 4 can be improved. The gas turbine 4 having the non-cooled structure without the blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0112]
Then, a part of the high-temperature exhaust air is mixed into the SOFC 1 from the recirculation pipe 51 to supply the SOFC 1 with the temperature of the supply air increased, so that the temperature of the supply air to the SOFC 1 can be lowered, The heat exchanger 61 can be increased in size and designed to have high temperature efficiency. By increasing the size of the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 and designing it to have high temperature efficiency, a large amount of compressed air is brought into a required temperature state when the retained heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is recovered by the outlet air of the compressor 3. It can be supplied to the SOFC 31 side. Therefore, even if a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 3 is supplied to the combustor 10, the necessary amount of air can be secured in the SOFC 1.
[0113]
In this way, by mixing the air at the outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 into the combustor 10, the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 4 is controlled to be low, and the amount of heat recovery from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 4 is maximized. The output of the gas turbine 4 can be maximized under the condition that the output of the SOFC 1 is kept constant.
[0114]
Therefore, by applying the SOFC 1, a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a combined power generation facility that make full use of the function of the gas turbine 4 can be provided.
[0115]
Fourth embodiment example
[0116]
FIG. 7 shows a schematic system of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment of the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which the compressor and the gas turbine are set to a high pressure ratio and the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is not provided. That is, the compressor and the gas turbine are set to a high pressure ratio, and the heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the compressed air of the compressor and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is set to be in a state where it is unnecessary.
[0117]
As shown in the figure, the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment includes a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 1 as a fuel cell and a gas turbine equipment 81. The gas turbine equipment 81 includes a compressor 82, a combustor 83, a gas turbine 84, and a power generator 85. Exhaust gas from the gas turbine 84 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 and released from the chimney 21 to the atmosphere.
[0118]
The SOFC 1 generates power by causing a battery reaction between air (oxygen) and the fuel f via an electrolyte. Reference numeral 20 in the figure denotes an orthogonal transformer for converting DC power obtained by the SOFC 1 into AC.
[0119]
The exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 generates steam by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas, and the generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 where the power is recovered. Exhaust steam from the steam turbine 7 is condensed by a condenser 8 as condensing means, and the condensed water is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by a water supply pump 9 as water supplying means (combined power generation equipment).
[0120]
The air supplied to the SOFC 1 is compressed by the compressor 82 and heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 to be sent. The compressed air heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 is supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 1. The exhaust air that has completed the reaction in the battery chamber 1a of the SOFC 1 is supplied from the air discharge pipe 17 to the combustor 83 via the high-temperature heat exchanger 62.
[0121]
On the other hand, the fuel f is supplied to the battery chamber 1a of the SOFC 1 from the fuel supply pipe 14 after the sulfur content is removed via the desulfurization device 63, and the exhaust gas containing the unreacted components after the reaction is discharged from the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. It is supplied to the combustor 83.
[0122]
A bypass path 64 is provided for joining a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 to the exhaust air at the inlet side of the combustor 83, and a bypass air control valve 65 is provided in the bypass path 64. That is, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is supplied to the combustor 83 with the flow rate adjusted by the bypass air control valve 65.
[0123]
By supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 to the combustor 83, the amount of air supplied to the combustor 83 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 84 can be improved. The non-cooled gas turbine 84 having no blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 84 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0124]
Reference numeral 80 in the drawing denotes a supply path for supplying the compressed air of the compressor 82 to the SOFC 1 and pressurizing it.
[0125]
In the combined power generation facility equipped with the gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, the fuel f is supplied to the SOFC 1 from the fuel supply pipe 14, and the air compressed by the compressor 82 and heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 is supplied by air. It is supplied from the pipe 12 to the SOFC 1. In the SOFC 1, power is generated by a cell reaction between oxygen and fuel f in the air.
[0126]
The exhaust gas containing the unreacted components is supplied to the combustor 83 via the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. The exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen is recovered in the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 and supplied to the combustor 83.
[0127]
A part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 83 from the bypass passage 64. In the combustor 83, exhaust gas containing unreacted components and exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen are burned, and unreacted fuel is burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas.
[0128]
The gas turbine 84 is operated by the generated combustion gas (exhaust gas), and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 84 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to generate steam. The generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 to recover power, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 7 is condensed by the condenser 8 and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by the water supply pump 9.
[0129]
In the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment having the above-described configuration, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 83 from the bypass passage 64, so that the combustor The amount of air supplied to the gas turbine 83 is increased, and the output of the gas turbine 84 can be improved. The non-cooled gas turbine 84 having no blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 84 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.). Since the compressed air heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 62 is supplied to the SOFC 1, the temperature of the air supplied to the SOFC 1 can be reduced.
[0130]
Therefore, by applying the SOFC 1, it becomes possible to provide a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a combined power generation facility that make full use of the function of the gas turbine 84.
[0131]
Fifth embodiment example
[0132]
FIG. 8 shows a schematic system of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The same members as those shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment of the fifth embodiment has a configuration in which the compressor and the gas turbine are set to a high pressure ratio and the low-temperature heat exchanger 61 is not provided. That is, the compressor and the gas turbine are set to have a high pressure ratio, and the heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the compressed air of the compressor and the exhaust of the gas turbine is set to be unnecessary.
[0133]
As shown in the figure, the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment includes a solid electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) 31 as a fuel cell and a gas turbine equipment 81. The gas turbine equipment 81 includes a compressor 82, a combustor 83, a gas turbine 84, and a power generator 85. Exhaust gas from the gas turbine 84 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 and released from the chimney 21 to the atmosphere.
[0134]
The SOFC 31 generates power by causing a cell reaction between air (oxygen) and the fuel f via an electrolyte. Reference numeral 20 in the drawing denotes an orthogonal transformer for converting DC power obtained by the SOFC 31 into AC.
[0135]
The exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 generates steam by the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas, and the generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 where the power is recovered. Exhaust steam from the steam turbine 7 is condensed by a condenser 8 as condensing means, and the condensed water is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by a water supply pump 9 as water supplying means (combined power generation equipment).
[0136]
As for the air supplied to the SOFC 31, compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is supplied from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 31, and is heated by the air heating pipe 45 provided inside the SOFC 31 to be reaction air. The air heating pipe 45 is designed so that the outlet temperature of the compressor 82 becomes the required temperature at the inlet of the air heating pipe 45.
[0137]
With such a device design, it is not necessary to install a high-temperature heat exchanger on the inlet side of the SOFC 31, and the system configuration can be simplified.
[0138]
A bypass path 64 is provided for joining a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 to the exhaust air at the inlet side of the combustor 83, and a bypass air control valve 65 is provided in the bypass path 64. That is, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is supplied to the combustor 83 with the flow rate adjusted by the bypass air control valve 65.
[0139]
By supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 to the combustor 83, the amount of air supplied to the combustor 83 increases, and the output of the gas turbine 84 can be improved. The non-cooled gas turbine 84 having no blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 84 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0140]
In the combined power generation facility including the gas turbine power generation facility having the above-described configuration, the fuel f is supplied from the fuel supply pipe 14 to the SOFC 31, and the high-pressure and high-temperature air compressed by the compressor 82 is transmitted from the air supply pipe 12 to the SOFC 31 Supplied. In the SOFC 31, after the supply air is heated by the air heating pipe 45, power is generated by a cell reaction of oxygen and fuel f in the air.
[0141]
The exhaust gas containing the unreacted components is supplied to the combustor 83 via the exhaust gas discharge pipe 15. The exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen is supplied to the combustor 83.
[0142]
A part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 83 from the bypass passage 64. In the combustor 83, exhaust gas containing unreacted components and exhaust air containing unreacted oxygen are burned, and unreacted fuel is burned to generate high-temperature combustion gas.
[0143]
The gas turbine 84 is operated by the generated combustion gas (exhaust gas), and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 84 is recovered by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to generate steam. The generated steam is sent to the steam turbine 7 to recover power, and the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 7 is condensed by the condenser 8 and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 by the water supply pump 9.
[0144]
In the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment having the above-described configuration, a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor 82 is adjusted in flow rate by the bypass air control valve 65 and supplied to the combustor 10 from the bypass passage 64. The amount of air supplied to the gas turbine 83 can be increased, and the output of the gas turbine 84 can be improved. The non-cooled gas turbine 84 having no blade cooling structure or the like can maintain the combustion temperature at a temperature suitable for the inlet temperature of the gas turbine 84 (for example, 850 ° C. to 900 ° C.).
[0145]
The SOFC 31 is provided with an air heating pipe 45, and high pressure and high temperature compressed air required for the inlet temperature of the air heating pipe 45 is supplied from the compressor 82, so that no special heat exchanger or other equipment is required. And the system configuration can be simplified.
[0146]
Therefore, by applying the SOFC 31, a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a combined power generation facility that make full use of the function of the gas turbine 84 can be provided.
[0147]
【The invention's effect】
The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment of the present invention is:
A compressor for compressing air,
A fuel cell in which compressed air compressed by the compressor is supplied and oxygen and fuel in the supplied compressed air are subjected to a cell reaction via an electrolyte to generate power, and
A combustor for burning exhaust air and exhaust gas from the fuel cell,
A gas turbine in which combustion gas from the combustor is expanded;
A bypass for supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor to the combustor;
With
It is possible to improve the output of the gas turbine by increasing the amount of air supplied to the combustor, and to appropriately adjust the inlet temperature of the gas turbine.
[0148]
As a result, it is possible to provide a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility that can operate the fuel cell and the gas turbine with maximum efficiency.
[0149]
And in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to claim 1,
Since the temperature of the compressed air supplied to the fuel cell is increased by being preheated by the reaction heat of the fuel cell, the compressed air can be brought to a predetermined operating temperature.
[0150]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to claim 1 or claim 2,
Since a part of the exhaust air from the fuel cell is mixed with the compressed air supplied to the fuel cell and the temperature thereof is raised, the compressed air can be brought to a predetermined operating temperature.
[0151]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A heat exchanger that heats the compressed air by exchanging heat between the compressed air from the compressor and the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is provided. Can be temperature.
[0152]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Since the compression ratio of the compressor and the expansion ratio of the gas turbine are set to a high pressure ratio that eliminates the need for a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between compressed air and exhaust gas,
High-pressure and high-temperature compressed air can be obtained, and the compressed air can be brought to a predetermined operating temperature without providing equipment such as a heat exchanger.
[0153]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell,
Solid electrolyte fuel cells are
A fuel chamber provided inside the upper part of the container,
An exhaust gas chamber provided at a lower portion of the fuel chamber and separated by a fuel chamber tube sheet;
A battery chamber provided at a lower part of the exhaust gas chamber and separated by an exhaust gas chamber tube sheet;
An exhaust air chamber provided at a lower portion of the battery chamber and partitioned by an exhaust air chamber tube sheet;
An air chamber provided below the exhaust air chamber and partitioned by an air chamber tube sheet;
A fuel inner pipe whose both ends are open and whose upper end is open to the fuel chamber and whose lower end is arranged in the battery chamber,
A porous fuel outer pipe in which the lower end is closed and the upper end is opened to be disposed outside the fuel inner pipe, the lower part covers the opening of the fuel inner pipe, and the upper end is disposed to be open to the exhaust gas chamber,
A large number of exhaust air exhaust holes provided in the exhaust air chamber tube sheet,
An air heating tube whose both ends are open and whose upper end is arranged above the battery chamber and whose lower end is open to the air chamber;
A battery disposed on the outer periphery of the fuel outer tube.
When fuel is supplied to the fuel chamber, fuel is sent from the lower end to the fuel outer pipe through the fuel inner pipe, and air is supplied to the air chamber. Sent,
Fuel passing through the wall of the porous fuel outer tube and oxygen in the air undergo a battery reaction via the electrolyte to generate power,
Exhaust gas containing unburned fuel in the fuel outer tube flows through the fuel outer tube and is sent to the exhaust gas chamber, and exhaust air of the battery chamber is sent to the exhaust air chamber through the exhaust air exhaust hole,
Since the air flowing through the air heating pipe is heated by the reaction heat of power generation,
The temperature of the air at the inlet of the fuel cell can be reduced, and the required amount of air can be reduced.
[0154]
Further, in the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment according to claim 6,
Solid electrolyte fuel cells are
A battery is provided on the outer wall of the fuel outer tube,
The fuel electrode becomes a reforming catalyst for reforming the fuel,
Since part of the heat of the power generation is recovered by the heat absorption by the fuel reforming reaction and the air flowing through the air heating tube is heated with the remainder of the heat of the power generation to collect and remove all the heat of the power generation,
Even when a low-temperature fuel is supplied, the fuel can be heated by absorbing the reaction heat of the cell.
[0155]
A combined cycle power plant of the present invention performs heat recovery of exhaust gas of a gas turbine of a fuel cell-gas turbine power plant and a fuel cell-gas turbine power plant of any one of claims 1 to 7. Heat recovery boiler that generates steam by steam, a steam turbine that is operated by the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator, condensing means for condensing the exhaust gas of the steam turbine, and condensed heat from the condensing means Water supply means for supplying water to the boiler,
It is possible to provide a combined power generation facility combining a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility and a steam turbine facility that can operate the fuel cell and the gas turbine with maximum efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of an SOFC 31 applied to a gas turbine facility of the combined cycle power generation facility.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an SOFC 31 applied to a gas turbine facility of a combined cycle facility.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing details of a battery tube.
FIG. 6 is a schematic system diagram of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic system diagram of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic system diagram of a combined power generation facility including a fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,31 solid electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC)
2,81 gas turbine equipment
3,82 compressor
4,84 gas turbine
5,85 generator
6 Waste heat recovery boiler
7 Steam turbine
8 cm condenser
9 Water pump
10,83 combustor
11 air heater
12 air supply pipe
14 fuel supply pipe
15 exhaust gas exhaust pipe
17 air discharge pipe
20 ° orthogonal transformer
21 chimney
32 container (casing)
33 fuel chamber tube sheet
34 exhaust gas tube plate
35 ° exhaust air chamber tube sheet
35a Exhaust air exhaust hole
36 air chamber tube sheet
37 fuel room
38 exhaust gas chamber
39 Battery room
40 exhaust air chamber
41 air chamber
42 battery tube
43 fuel outer tube
44 fuel inner tube
45 ° air heating tube
46mm aperture
51 Recirculation pipe
52 ejector
53 battery
55 fuel electrode
56 electrolyte
57 ° air electrode
59 catalyst
61 low temperature heat exchanger
62 high temperature heat exchanger
63mm desulfurizer
64 bypass
65 ° bypass air control valve
71 ° flow control valve
80 supply path

Claims (8)

A compressor for compressing air,
A fuel cell in which compressed air compressed by a compressor is supplied and oxygen and fuel in the supplied compressed air are caused to undergo a cell reaction via an electrolyte to generate power, and
A combustor for burning exhaust air and exhaust gas from the fuel cell,
A gas turbine in which combustion gas from the combustor is expanded;
A fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility, comprising: a bypass for supplying a part of the compressed air compressed by the compressor to the combustor. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to claim 1,
A fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility wherein the temperature of compressed air supplied to the fuel cell is raised by being preheated by reaction heat of the fuel cell. In the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to claim 1 or 2,
A fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility characterized in that a part of the exhaust air from the fuel cell is mixed with the compressed air supplied to the fuel cell to increase the temperature. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility comprising: a heat exchanger that heats compressed air by performing heat exchange between compressed air from a compressor and exhaust gas of a gas turbine. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Fuel cell-gas turbine power generation wherein the compression ratio of the compressor and the expansion ratio of the gas turbine are set to a pressure ratio that eliminates the need for a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between compressed air and exhaust gas. Facility. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell,
Solid electrolyte fuel cells are
A fuel chamber provided inside the upper part of the container,
An exhaust gas chamber provided at a lower portion of the fuel chamber and separated by a fuel chamber tube sheet;
A battery chamber provided at a lower portion of the exhaust gas chamber and separated by an exhaust gas tube tube;
An exhaust air chamber provided at a lower portion of the battery chamber and partitioned by an exhaust air chamber tube sheet;
An air chamber provided below the exhaust air chamber and partitioned by an air chamber tube sheet;
A fuel inner pipe whose both ends are open and whose upper end is open to the fuel chamber and whose lower end is arranged in the battery chamber,
A porous fuel outer pipe in which the lower end is closed and the upper end is opened to be disposed outside the fuel inner pipe, the lower part covers the opening of the fuel inner pipe, and the upper end is disposed to be open to the exhaust gas chamber,
A large number of exhaust air exhaust holes provided in the exhaust air chamber tube sheet,
An air heating tube whose both ends are open and whose upper end is arranged above the battery chamber and whose lower end is open to the air chamber;
The fuel is supplied to the fuel chamber by supplying the fuel to the fuel chamber from the lower end to the fuel outer pipe through the fuel inner pipe and the air is supplied to the air chamber. Circulates through the air heating tube to send air to the battery compartment,
Fuel passing through the wall of the porous fuel outer tube and oxygen in the air undergo a battery reaction via the electrolyte to generate power,
Exhaust gas containing unburned fuel in the fuel outer tube flows through the fuel outer tube and is sent to the exhaust gas chamber, and exhaust air of the battery chamber is sent to the exhaust air chamber through the exhaust air exhaust hole,
A fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility wherein air flowing through an air heating pipe is heated by reaction heat of power generation. The fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to claim 6,
Solid electrolyte fuel cells are
A battery is provided on the outer wall of the fuel outer tube,
The fuel electrode becomes a reforming catalyst for reforming the fuel,
It is characterized by recovering a part of the reaction heat of power generation by heat absorption by the fuel reforming reaction and recovering and removing all the reaction heat of power generation by heating the air flowing through the air heating tube with the remainder of the reaction heat of power generation. Fuel cell-gas turbine power generation equipment. A fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and heat recovery of exhaust gas of a gas turbine of the fuel cell-gas turbine power generation facility to generate steam to generate steam. A boiler, a steam turbine operated by steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator, water condensing means for condensing exhaust gas from the steam turbine, and water supply means for supplying condensate from the water condensing means to the heat recovery steam generator. A combined power generation facility characterized by comprising:

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