JP2004119227A - Internal impedance measuring method of storage battery - Google Patents

Internal impedance measuring method of storage battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004119227A
JP2004119227A JP2002282109A JP2002282109A JP2004119227A JP 2004119227 A JP2004119227 A JP 2004119227A JP 2002282109 A JP2002282109 A JP 2002282109A JP 2002282109 A JP2002282109 A JP 2002282109A JP 2004119227 A JP2004119227 A JP 2004119227A
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Prior art keywords
storage battery
internal impedance
current
current supply
measuring method
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Inventor
Kiyoshi Takahashi
高橋　清
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Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
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Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an internal impedance measuring method of a storage battery in which an instrumentation condition in the respective storage batteries constituting the storage battery group is not changed, and influence of external disturbances of noises or the like is little. <P>SOLUTION: In the internal impedance measuring method of the storage battery in which the internal impedances of the respective storage batteries of the storage battery group wherein a plurality of the storage batteries are connected in series are measured by using an alternating current supply means and an alternating voltage measuring means, as for the alternating current supply means, the wave form of a flowing discharge current when connected to the storage battery is substantially made to be sine wave form. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを測定する方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
多数の蓄電池が直列接続された蓄電池群の各蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを測定する方法として、いわゆる交流４端子法が知られている。
【０００３】
交流４端子法とは、内部インピーダンス計測対象の蓄電池に交流電流を流し、その際の発生起電力を求めることにより蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを計測するものである。
【０００４】
交流４端子法による蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定の原理図を図３に示す。図３において、１は蓄電池、２は蓄電池群、３は交流電流供給手段、４は交流電圧計測手段であり、蓄電池１と並列に交流電流供給手段３および交流電圧計測手段４が接続されている。
【０００５】
ところで、蓄電池の内部インピーダンスの値は、一般に１０ｍΩ以下であることが多いが、特に容量の大きな蓄電池では１ｍΩ以下であり内部インピーダンスの計測精度を高めるためには大きな計測電流を流す必要がある。
【０００６】
しかし、内部インピーダンスの計測精度を高めるために大きな計測電流を流そうとすると、交流電流供給手段３に大規模な電源を用意する必要が生じ、交流電流供給手段３が大型化する問題点がある。
【０００７】
そこで、内部インピーダンスを計測しようとする蓄電池に、スイッチング等の手法により一時的に負荷を接続し、この負荷を接続した際の電圧変化により蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを計測する技術が、特許文献１および特許文献２などに示されている。この負荷が図３の交流電流供給手段３に相当する。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】特開平９−２３２００５号公報（４ページ５欄１６行〜６ページ９欄２７行、図１〜図４参照）
【特許文献２】特開平１０−５６７４４号公報（３ページ４欄２３行〜５ページ８欄２２行、図１〜図５参照）
【０００９】
また、特許文献１および特許文献２に記載された技術は、いずれも負荷に流れる放電電流が矩形波であり、この放電電流が流れる際の電圧変化を計測するものである。この放電電流と電圧変化との関係を図４に示す。
【００１０】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、特許文献１および特許文献２に記載された技術は、いずれも負荷に流れる放電電流が矩形波であり、放電時の電圧変化を計測するために放電電流を大きくする必要があり、特許文献１および特許文献２では０．２３ｃ（１ｃは、電池容量ｘｘｘＡｈの電池についての充電電流または放電電流がｘｘｘＡである状態を意味する）となっている。具体的には、電池容量が２００Ａｈの電池では、０．２３ｃは４６Ａとなる。また、蓄電池は通常多数の蓄電池を直列接続した蓄電池群として使用されており、充電は定電圧で行われていることが一般的である。このため、計測中の蓄電池の電圧が低下してそれ以外の蓄電池の電圧が上昇する現象が発生し、各蓄電池における計測条件が変化するという問題点がある。
【００１１】
そこで、本発明では、蓄電池群を構成する各蓄電池における計測条件が変化することがなく、ノイズ等の外乱の影響が少ない蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定方法を提供することを目的とする。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明は、複数の蓄電池が直列接続された蓄電池群の各蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを、交流電流供給手段および交流電圧計側手段を用いて測定する蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定方法において、前記交流電流供給手段は、蓄電池に接続した際に流れる放電電流の波形が実質的に正弦波状となるものであることを特徴とする。
【００１３】
すなわち、請求項１の発明は、内部インピーダンス計測中の蓄電池からの放電電流を利用した交流電流供給手段を用いるため、交流電流供給手段に別途電源を設ける必要がなく、また放電電流の波形が正弦波状であるため、電流波形が矩形波である場合と比較して、電流を多く流すことなくノイズ等の外乱の影響が少ない内部インピーダンスの計測をすることができる。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を、図面を用いて説明する。
【００１５】
図１は、本発明の実施形態に用いられる蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定回路の一例を示す概略説明図である。図１において、１は鉛蓄電池、２は蓄電池群、３は交流電流供給手段、４は交流電圧計測手段であり、鉛蓄電池１と並列に交流電流供給手段３および交流電圧計測手段４が接続されている点は、図３の原理図と同様である。
【００１６】
また、図１において、交流電流供給手段３は、演算部３１、Ｄ／Ａコンバータ３２、演算増幅器３３、トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）３４、電流検出部３５を含んで構成される。
【００１７】
演算部３１は鉛蓄電池１から所要の放電電流を得るためにＤ／Ａコンバータ３２に制御信号を送る。
【００１８】
Ｄ／Ａコンバータ３２は演算部３１から送られたディジタル制御信号をアナログ信号に変換し、演算増幅器３３の＋側入力に送る。ここで、Ｄ／Ａコンバータ３２の出力信号の波形は、実質的に正弦波となっている。なお、出力信号の周波数は、商用電源の周波数である５０Ｈｚまたは６０Ｈｚより低い周波数、例えば２０Ｈｚ以下が望ましい。
【００１９】
演算増幅器３３の出力はトランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）３４のゲートに送られる。また、演算増幅器３３の−側入力とトランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）３４のソースと電流検出部３５とが接続され、トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）３４のドレイン側が測定対象の蓄電池１の＋極側に、電流検出部３５の片端が測定対象の蓄電池１の−極側に接続されている。電流検出部３５は、例えば０．１Ω程度の抵抗器と電圧計などの電圧計測手段とを含むように構成することができる。
【００２０】
測定対象の鉛蓄電池１と並列に接続されたトランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）３４のドレイン〜ソース間を流れる電流の波形は、Ｄ／Ａコンバータ３２から演算増幅器３３の＋側入力に送られた波形と同様、実質的に正弦波状となる。これは、図１中のＶ１と図１中のＶ２とを逆位相の等しい電圧にしようとする演算増幅器３３の作用によるものである。
【００２１】
電流検出部３５は、トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）３４のドレイン〜ソース間を流れる電流を検出し、その結果が演算部３１に送られ、鉛蓄電池１から所要の放電電流を得るようにフィードバック制御される。
【００２２】
次に、図１の蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定回路による、蓄電池の内部インピーダンスの測定中に蓄電池から負荷に流れる放電電流と、この放電電流が流れる際の電圧変化との関係を図２に示す。
【００２３】
本実施形態においては、放電電流の波形を実質的に正弦波状としたため、鉛蓄電池１の電池容量が２００Ａｈの場合、図２の放電電流の値は、ｐ−ｐ値で１Ａ程度、すなわち１／２００ｃ程度あれば、蓄電池１の内部インピーダンスを実用上差し支えない精度で測定できる。この電流値は、前述の特許文献１および特許文献２に記載された電流値のｐ−ｐ値の約２．２％である。
【００２４】
このように、上述の実施形態によれば、電流を多く流すことなくノイズ等の外乱の影響が少ない内部インピーダンスの計測をすることができるが、本発明の実施形態は上述のものに限らず、特許請求の範囲の欄に記載された範囲内で実施形態の変更が可能であることはいうまでもない。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおり、本発明によれば、内部インピーダンス計測中の蓄電池からの放電電流を利用した交流電流供給手段を用いるため、交流電流供給手段に別途電源を設ける必要がなく、また放電電流の波形が正弦波状であるため、電流波形が矩形波である場合と比較して、電流を多く流すことなくノイズ等の外乱の影響が少ない内部インピーダンスの計測をすることができるという優れた効果を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施形態に用いられる蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定回路の一例を示す概略説明図である。
【図２】本発明の実施形態による、蓄電池の内部インピーダンスの測定中に蓄電池から負荷に流れる放電電流と、この放電電流が流れる際の電圧変化との関係を示す概略説明図である。
【図３】交流４端子法による蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定の原理を示す概略説明図である。
【図４】従来技術による、蓄電池の内部インピーダンスの測定中に蓄電池から負荷に流れる放電電流と、この放電電流が流れる際の電圧変化との関係を示す概略説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１　蓄電池
２　蓄電池群
３　交流電流供給手段
４　交流電圧計測手段
３１　演算部
３２　Ｄ／Ａコンバータ
３３　演算増幅器
３４　トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）
３５　電流検出部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for measuring the internal impedance of a storage battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A so-called AC four-terminal method is known as a method for measuring the internal impedance of each storage battery in a storage battery group in which a large number of storage batteries are connected in series.
[0003]
The AC four-terminal method is to measure an internal impedance of a storage battery by flowing an AC current to a storage battery whose internal impedance is to be measured and calculating an electromotive force generated at that time.
[0004]
FIG. 3 shows a principle diagram of the internal impedance measurement of the storage battery by the AC four-terminal method. In FIG. 3, 1 is a storage battery, 2 is a storage battery group, 3 is an AC current supply unit, 4 is an AC voltage measurement unit, and the AC current supply unit 3 and the AC voltage measurement unit 4 are connected in parallel with the storage battery 1. .
[0005]
By the way, the value of the internal impedance of a storage battery is generally 10 mΩ or less in general, but is particularly 1 mΩ or less in a storage battery having a large capacity, and a large measurement current needs to flow in order to improve the measurement accuracy of the internal impedance.
[0006]
However, if a large measurement current is to be applied to increase the measurement accuracy of the internal impedance, it is necessary to prepare a large-scale power supply for the AC current supply means 3, and there is a problem that the AC current supply means 3 becomes large. .
[0007]
Therefore, a technique is proposed in which a load is temporarily connected to a storage battery whose internal impedance is to be measured by switching or the like, and the internal impedance of the storage battery is measured by a voltage change when the load is connected. It is shown in Reference 2. This load corresponds to the alternating current supply means 3 in FIG.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-232005 (page 4, column 5, line 16 to page 6, column 9, line 27; see FIGS. 1 to 4)
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-10-56744 (page 3, column 23, line 5 to page 8, column 22, see FIGS. 1 to 5)
[0009]
In each of the techniques described in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, a discharge current flowing to a load is a rectangular wave, and a voltage change when the discharge current flows is measured. FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the discharge current and the voltage change.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the techniques described in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, the discharge current flowing to the load is a rectangular wave, and it is necessary to increase the discharge current in order to measure a voltage change during discharge. 1 and Patent Document 2, the value is 0.23c (1c means a state where the charging current or the discharging current of the battery having the battery capacity xxxAh is xxxA). Specifically, for a battery having a battery capacity of 200 Ah, 0.23c is 46 A. In addition, the storage batteries are usually used as a storage battery group in which a large number of storage batteries are connected in series, and charging is generally performed at a constant voltage. For this reason, a phenomenon occurs in which the voltage of the storage battery being measured decreases and the voltages of the other storage batteries increase, and the measurement condition of each storage battery changes.
[0011]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of measuring the internal impedance of a storage battery in which the measurement conditions of each storage battery constituting the storage battery group do not change and the influence of disturbance such as noise is small.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is a storage battery internal impedance measuring method for measuring the internal impedance of each storage battery in a storage battery group in which a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series by using an AC current supply unit and an AC voltmeter side unit. The current supply means is characterized in that the waveform of the discharge current flowing when connected to the storage battery is substantially sinusoidal.
[0013]
That is, the invention of claim 1 uses the AC current supply means using the discharge current from the storage battery during the measurement of the internal impedance, so that there is no need to provide a separate power supply for the AC current supply means, and the waveform of the discharge current is sinusoidal. Because of the waveform, the internal impedance can be measured without flowing much current and less affected by disturbance such as noise as compared with the case where the current waveform is a rectangular wave.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of an internal impedance measuring circuit of a storage battery used in an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a lead storage battery, 2 is a storage battery group, 3 is an AC current supply means, 4 is an AC voltage measurement means, and an AC current supply means 3 and an AC voltage measurement means 4 are connected in parallel with the lead storage battery 1. This is similar to the principle diagram of FIG.
[0016]
In FIG. 1, the AC current supply unit 3 includes an arithmetic unit 31, a D / A converter 32, an operational amplifier 33, a transistor (FET) 34, and a current detecting unit 35.
[0017]
The arithmetic unit 31 sends a control signal to the D / A converter 32 to obtain a required discharge current from the lead storage battery 1.
[0018]
The D / A converter 32 converts the digital control signal sent from the arithmetic unit 31 into an analog signal, and sends the analog signal to the + input of the operational amplifier 33. Here, the waveform of the output signal of the D / A converter 32 is substantially a sine wave. The frequency of the output signal is preferably lower than 50 Hz or 60 Hz which is the frequency of the commercial power supply, for example, 20 Hz or less.
[0019]
The output of the operational amplifier 33 is sent to the gate of a transistor (FET). Further, the negative input of the operational amplifier 33, the source of the transistor (FET) 34, and the current detection unit 35 are connected, and the drain side of the transistor (FET) 34 is connected to the positive electrode side of the storage battery 1 to be measured. Is connected to the negative electrode side of the storage battery 1 to be measured. The current detection unit 35 can be configured to include, for example, a resistor of about 0.1Ω and voltage measurement means such as a voltmeter.
[0020]
The waveform of the current flowing between the drain and source of the transistor (FET) 34 connected in parallel with the lead storage battery 1 to be measured is the same as the waveform sent from the D / A converter 32 to the + input of the operational amplifier 33. It becomes substantially sinusoidal. This is due to the action of the operational amplifier 33 to be equal to the voltage of opposite phase and V 2 in V 1 and Figure 1 in FIG.
[0021]
The current detection unit 35 detects a current flowing between the drain and the source of the transistor (FET) 34, and the result is sent to the calculation unit 31, which is feedback-controlled so as to obtain a required discharge current from the lead storage battery 1.
[0022]
Next, FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the discharge current flowing from the storage battery to the load during the measurement of the internal impedance of the storage battery by the storage battery internal impedance measurement circuit of FIG. 1 and the voltage change when the discharge current flows.
[0023]
In the present embodiment, since the waveform of the discharge current is substantially sinusoidal, when the battery capacity of the lead storage battery 1 is 200 Ah, the value of the discharge current in FIG. If it is about 200c, the internal impedance of the storage battery 1 can be measured with a precision that is practically acceptable. This current value is about 2.2% of the pp value of the current values described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.
[0024]
As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to measure the internal impedance with little influence of disturbance such as noise without flowing a large amount of current. However, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described one. It goes without saying that the embodiment can be changed within the scope described in the claims.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the AC current supply unit using the discharge current from the storage battery during the measurement of the internal impedance is used, it is not necessary to provide a separate power supply to the AC current supply unit, and the waveform of the discharge current is reduced. Because of the sinusoidal shape, it is possible to obtain an excellent effect that it is possible to measure the internal impedance with less influence of disturbance such as noise without flowing a large amount of current, as compared with the case where the current waveform is a rectangular wave. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing an example of an internal impedance measuring circuit of a storage battery used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a discharge current flowing from a storage battery to a load during measurement of an internal impedance of the storage battery and a voltage change when the discharge current flows, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing the principle of measuring the internal impedance of a storage battery by an AC four-terminal method.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a discharge current flowing from a storage battery to a load during measurement of an internal impedance of the storage battery and a voltage change when the discharge current flows, according to a conventional technique.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Storage battery 2 Storage battery group 3 AC current supply means 4 AC voltage measurement means 31 Operation part 32 D / A converter 33 Operational amplifier 34 Transistor (FET)
35 Current detector

Claims (1)

複数の蓄電池が直列接続された蓄電池群の各蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを、交流電流供給手段および交流電圧計側手段を用いて測定する蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定方法において、
前記交流電流供給手段は、蓄電池に接続した際に流れる放電電流の波形が実質的に正弦波状となるものであることを特徴とする蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定方法。In the storage battery internal impedance measurement method of measuring the internal impedance of each storage battery of a storage battery group in which a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series using AC current supply means and AC voltmeter side means,
The method for measuring the internal impedance of a storage battery, wherein the alternating current supply means has a waveform of a discharge current flowing when connected to the storage battery having a substantially sinusoidal waveform.
JP2002282109A 2002-09-27 2002-09-27 Internal impedance measuring method of storage battery Pending JP2004119227A (en)

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JPH02242178A (en) * 1989-03-15 1990-09-26 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Monitoring method for battery of uninterruptible power equipment
JPH03182063A (en) * 1989-12-11 1991-08-08 Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd Deteriorated condition sensing method for sealed lead-acid battery
JPH0888941A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-04-02 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Determining device of quality of storage battery for uninterruptible power supply unit
JPH08179017A (en) * 1994-12-26 1996-07-12 Bridgestone Corp Monitor device for battery impedance
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2021522486A (en) * 2018-04-26 2021-08-30 バイエリシエ・モトーレンウエルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト Diagnostic methods and systems for electrochemical energy storage cells
JP7181311B2 (en) 2018-04-26 2022-11-30 バイエリシエ・モトーレンウエルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト Diagnostic method and diagnostic system for electrochemical energy storage cells

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