JP2004115429A - Eyesight improver - Google Patents

Eyesight improver Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004115429A
JP2004115429A JP2002280614A JP2002280614A JP2004115429A JP 2004115429 A JP2004115429 A JP 2004115429A JP 2002280614 A JP2002280614 A JP 2002280614A JP 2002280614 A JP2002280614 A JP 2002280614A JP 2004115429 A JP2004115429 A JP 2004115429A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
phospholipid
fatty acid
acid
weight
fatty acids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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JP2002280614A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masatoshi Tauchi
田内 正敏
Kazuyoshi Yazawa
矢澤 一良
Tomohito Hamazaki
浜崎 智仁
Akira Hamazaki
浜崎 景
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp
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Priority to JP2002280614A priority Critical patent/JP2004115429A/en
Publication of JP2004115429A publication Critical patent/JP2004115429A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/74Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an eyesight improver which prevents reduction in eyesight, hardly fatigues the eyes and recovers the fatigue of the eyes. <P>SOLUTION: The eyesight improver comprises a phospholipid as an active ingredient containing an n-3-based highly unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent component. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質を有効成分とする視力向上剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
視力には、近見視力(通常30cm前方のモノを見る能力) 遠見視力(通常3m前方のモノを見る能力)とがある。
対象物との距離に応じて、眼の中のレンズとも言うべき水晶体の厚みを毛様体筋の収縮で薄く(屈折率を低くし)して、遠くを見、毛様体筋を弛緩させて水晶体の厚みを増し(屈折率を高くし)近くをみるように調節がされている。
すなわち、見るべき対象の距離に応じて水晶体の厚みを調節し、網膜上にピントのあった像を結ばせている。
長時間一定作業を続けると水晶体を一定厚みに長時間維持すなわち毛様体筋に長時間一定の緊張状態を強いると毛様体筋が疲労し水晶体の厚み調整能力が低下する。
【0003】
例えば、近見視力を使った作業を長時間続けた後、遠見視力は低下する。長時間の連続同一作業により、毛様体筋が疲労硬直し柔軟な収縮、伸展能力を失った結果と考えられる。長時間デスク上での書き物作業を続けた後窓の外の遠くを見ようとしてもかすんだり、ぼやけてはっきりと見る事が出来ない事は良く経験する事である。
眼にとって疲労の点では益々厳しい環境になっている。又柔軟性の喪失は加齢とともに顕著となってくる。かような目の疲労を軽減、解消し、毛様体筋の柔軟性を高めるなど、視力を向上・回復させる方法として色んな方法が提案されている。
最も望ましくは、作業数10分毎にVDT(コンピューターの表示装置)使用作業などを中断し休息を取る事が勧められており、効果的な予防法でもあるが、そのような頻繁な休息は取れないのが実情である。
【0004】
眼鏡は、水晶体厚みの調節能力の低下をカバーするのに古来より有効な方法ではあるが、面倒であり、多用すると益々毛様体筋の収縮状態が固定されその調整能力を失う幣もあるといわれている。
視力を向上乃至回復させる道具としては 例えば、眼球のマッサージ器(特許文献1参照) 眼の運動器具(特許文献2参照) 血行促進装置(特許文献3参照)眼精疲労回復具(特許文献4参照) 視神経のツボ刺激による視力向上器具(特許文献5参照)目の疲労軽減及び除去装置(特許文献6参照)
など多くの考案がなされている。
【0005】
これら道具を使っての視力向上・回復訓練は、有効性のあるものもあるが必ずしもその効果が明確ではない上に、正しい指導の下に実施しないと効果が上がらなかったり、誤使用すると目に重大な障害をもたらす恐れもある。
又、この種の視力回復訓練を日常続けるにはかなりの忍耐力を要し、三日坊主に終わる事例が多い。 疲れ目に有効として、多くの点眼薬が市販されている。
毛様体筋の柔軟性を取り戻す薬剤の開発など工夫がなされているが、効果が一時的であったり、科学的根拠に乏しいものも多い。
又、一定時間毎に点眼を習慣づけるのは結構大変である。点眼薬の種類によってはかゆみなどの副作用をもたらす事もある。本来外用薬である点眼薬が鼻孔から胃に入り体内摂取された結果、薬剤の副作用で障害を起こす事例も問題となっている。
【0006】
コンタクトレンズ着用者には、着用状態では薬液を有効に投与出来ない欠点もある。点眼の度に、コンタクトを外すのは大変面倒なことでもある。又、大部分の点眼薬はその保存性を高めるために、防腐剤を処方しており、それ故に長期点眼に警鐘をならす声もある。
これに対して、通常の食品や栄養補助食品で、マイルドに症状を改善し視力向上や回復が出来れば、患者及び予備軍にとって福音であり望ましい事である。
眼に効く、栄養補助食品素材としては、アントシアニン、ルテイン、カロチン等が知られている。 それらは抗酸化効果を有する物資であり、目を酷使したり、紫外線を受けると眼球内で活性酸素が増えて、網膜の中心にある黄斑部が酸化され損傷し、かすみがかかったように視力が落ちるのを防止する効果があると考えられている。
【0007】
視覚器が損傷劣化を免れ健康な状態であれば、疲労し難く又疲労回復にも有効とも想像されるが、その効果については不明瞭であったり、特定の植物に微量存在する成分である等のために高価で使いにくい素材であるなどの欠点がある。
トリグリ型のドコサヘキサエン酸も目に良い(視力の向上 疲れ目防止 かすみ目防止)とされている(例えば 非特許文献1)がその効果の機序は分かっていない。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−46153号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭60−114260号公報
【特許文献3】
特開昭62−189068号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平06−269472号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平06−333747号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平10−33583号公報
【非特許文献1】
沢木啓祐、外5名、“基礎と臨床”、31(7)2667〜2673(1997)
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、目を酷使する機会の多い現代生活で、目の視力低下を防ぎ、疲労し難くしたり、その疲労を回復させる視力向上剤を提供するものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質、特にホスファチジルコリン、ホファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジル
ノシトール、ホスファチジルセリン等から選ばれる少なくとも1種を10%以
含有するリン脂質が、効果的に、目の疲れを和らげ視力向上・改善効果を示すことを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成成分として含むリン脂質を摂取することにより、目の疲れ(毛様体筋の調節能力低下による視力低下)に悩む人達に、前述の諸症状を和らげる効果が期待出来るようになった。 本発明の有効成分であるリン脂質は、食品由来物質であり、効果がマイルドであり、副作用も特別なく、患者にとっては特別な薬を服用しているという感覚もなく気楽に摂取出来るのは、大きな恩恵である。 又n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸には、血中脂質低下、動脈硬化予防、がん予防、痴呆予防や高血圧予防など生活習慣病の改善効果や予防効果のある事も広く知られており、同時にその効果を期待出来る点でも、日常摂取習慣をつけやすいと考えられる。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りのものである。
(1)n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成成分として含むリン脂質を有効成分として含有する視力向上剤。
(2)n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸がドコサヘキサエン酸及び/又はエイコサペンタエン酸である(1)記載の視力向上剤。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について、その好ましい態様を中心に、詳細に説明する。
本発明のn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成成分として含むリン脂質を有効成分として含有する視力向上剤は、医薬品、栄養補助食品、食品用添加剤などとして用いることができる。
本発明の有効成分であるリン脂質としては、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジン酸、リゾホスファチジルコリン等から選ばれる少なくとも1種を10重量%以上含有するリン脂質であって、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質であることが好ましい。なかでも、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルセリンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を10重量%以上含有するリン脂質がより好ましい。
【0014】
n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸とは、ドコサヘキサエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸などをいう。アドレナリン及び/又はノルアドレナリンの分泌を抑制するという点から、ドコサヘキサエン酸とエイコサペンタエン酸が好ましく、より好ましくは、ドコサヘキサエン酸である。
人体内において、リノレイン酸→→エイコサペンタエン酸→ドコサペンタエン酸→ドコサヘキサエン酸のいわゆるリノレイン酸経路により各脂肪酸の合成が進むことが知られている。これらn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸がリン脂質の構成脂肪酸として取り込まれることにより、体内でn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質、特にホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルセリン等が合成される。従って、これら構成脂肪酸やリン脂質を摂取することにより、所望のn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質が体内で合成されることを期待することも出来るが、この合成段階は長く、効率が低く特に生体内の酵素活性の低い高齢者では、十分に合成されない。n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質を直接摂取する方が効果的である。
【0015】
n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を5重量%以上、更に15重量%以上、より効果的には30重量%以上を含有することが優れた作用を示す点で好ましい。
n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含むリン脂質混合物は、頭足類の皮(特開平6−321970号公報)、魚卵(特公平7−595869号公報)、水産餌料で育てた鶏卵黄、オキアミ、鮭肉、ホタテなどの貝類(特開平11−123052号公報)、青魚(特開昭64−50890号公報)、DHA産生微細藻類(特開平7−95875号公報特許文献11)、DHA産生微生物(特開平1−199588号公報)などの天然素材から通常の方法によって抽出することにより得られる。他の合成法(特開昭51−91213号公報)、酵素を用いたエステル交換(細川、大島、甲野、高橋、日本水産学会誌、59、309(1993))等により得られる。
【0016】
イカの皮から抽出したリン脂質の主な組成は、通常ホスファチジルコリンが40〜70重量%、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンが10〜30重量%、ホスファチジルセリンが5〜15重量%である。構成脂肪酸に占めるn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸のドコサヘキサエン酸は20〜40重量%である。イカの皮から得られるリン脂質は、本発明における好ましいリン脂質の一例である。
ホタテウロ(中腸腺)から抽出したリン脂質の主な組成は、通常ホスファチジルコリンが40〜70重量%、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンが10〜30重量%、ホスファチジルセリンが5〜15重量%である。構成脂肪酸に占めるn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸のドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸はともに10〜35重量%である。ホタテウロから得られるリン脂質は、本発明における好ましいリン脂質の他の一例である。
【0017】
このようにして得られたn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成成分として含むリン脂質は、水を含む他の溶剤(エタノールなど)を使うことで液状に、更に精製乾燥及び造粒の仕方によっては、ペースト状、板状、塊状、粉状、顆粒状などにすることが出来る。医薬品、栄養補助食品、食品用添加剤などの使途に応じて、最適の性状を選べばよい。
本発明の有効成分であるn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸とするリン脂質は、親水基(極性基)と疎水基(非極性基)の両方を同一分子内に有しているために、水溶性、油性に関わらずあらゆる食品に容易に混合出来、食品に添加して又はそれ自体を栄養補助食品として広く利用することが出来る。
【0018】
本発明の視力向上剤を医薬品として用いる場合は、治療乃至予防の為に経口的あるいは非経口的に投与することが出来る。経口投与剤としては、錠剤、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤などの固形製剤、あるいは、シロップ剤、エリキシル剤などの液状製剤とすることが出来る。非経口投与剤としては、注射剤、粘膜投与剤、外用剤とすることが出来る。これらの製剤は活性有効成分に薬理学的、製剤学的に認容される製剤助剤を加えることにより常法によって製造される。更に、公知の技術により持続性製剤とすることも可能である。
【0019】
製造助剤を用いる場合は、本発明の有効成分であるリン脂質の配合量は好ましくは0.1〜50重量%、より好ましくは0.2〜10重量%である。
製造助剤としては、内服用製剤(経口剤)、注射用製剤(注射剤)、粘膜投与剤(バッカル、トローチ、坐剤等)、外用剤(軟膏、薬用クリーム、貼付剤等)などの投与経路に応じた適当な製剤用成分が使用される。例えば、経口剤および粘膜投与剤にあっては、賦形剤(例えば、澱粉、乳糖、結晶セルロース、乳酸カルシウム、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、無水ケイ酸、マンニトール等)、結合剤(例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルドン等)、崩壊剤(例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム等)、滑沢剤(例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク等)、コーテイング剤(例えば、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース等)、矯味剤などの製剤用成分が使用される。注射剤にあっては、水性注射剤を構成し得る溶解剤ないし溶解補助剤(例えば、注射用蒸留水、生理食塩水、プロピレングリコール等)、懸濁剤(例えば、ポリンルベ−ト80などの界面活性剤等)、pH調整剤(例えば、有機酸またはその金属塩等)、安定剤などの製剤用成分が、さらに、外用剤にあっては、水性または油性の溶解剤ないし溶解補助剤(例えば、アルコール、脂肪酸エステル類等)、粘着剤(例えば、カルボキシビニルポリマー、多糖類等)、乳化剤(例えば、界面活性剤等)、安定剤などの製剤用成分が使用される。
【0020】
上記構成を有する薬剤は、公知の製造方法,例えば日本薬局方第14版製剤総則記載の方法ないし適当な改良を加えた方法によって製造することが出来る。
薬剤の投与量は、投与形態によって異なるが、通常、成人を治療する場合で、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸として1〜1500mgであり、これを一日2〜3回に分けて投与し、少なくとも二週間好ましくは3ヶ月以上摂取することが好ましい。この投与量は、患者の年齢、体重および症状によって増減することが出来る。
【0021】
本発明の視力向上剤を食品添加剤として用いる場合は、豆腐、納豆などの豆加工製品、パン、ケーキ類、カステラ、クッキー、プリン、ゼリー、アイスクリーム、コンニャク、竹輪、蒲鉾などの魚肉加工製品、インスタントラーメン、麺類、飲料、チーズ、バター、ヨーグルト等の乳製品、ハンバーグ、ハム、ソーセージ等の肉加工製品をはじめとする種々の食品に添加することが出来る。食品への添加量は、食品によって異なるが、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸として10mg〜10g/100g程度が好ましい。
栄養補助食品の場合は、医薬品と似た剤形即ち、カプセル乃至錠剤の形で服用することが好ましい。n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸として10〜100mg/粒乃至錠が好ましい。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により更に具体的に本発明の説明を行うが、これら実施例は本発明を限定するものではない。
<毒性試験>
本発明の有効成分であるn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸とするリン脂質の安全性試験として、ラットに経口投与する単回投与毒性試験(臨界試験)を実施した。その結果、一般状態及び剖検とも異常は認められなかった。 致死量は雌雄とも2000mg/kgを上回る通常食品並の安全な素材であることを確認した。
【0023】
【実施例1】
リン脂質として、ホタテウロより抽出したリン脂質を用いた。リン脂質含量(イアトロスキャン分析)は、76重量%であった。リン脂質の組成はホスファチジルコリンが55重量%、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンが22重量%、ホスファチジルイノシトール及びホスファチジルセリンが5重量%、ホスファチジン酸が3重量%、リゾホスファチジルコリンが10重量%である。構成脂肪酸の含有量をガスクロマトグラフィーにより求めたところ、ドコサヘキサエン酸が15重量%、エイコサペンタエン酸が20重量%であった。該リン脂質をカプセル化し下記の人介入試験に供した。試験者21名(男子15名、女子6名)に対して、無作為にn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有リン脂質摂取群(n=9)と対照群(n=12)に分け、二重盲検法にて試験を実施した。n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸摂取群(被験者)には、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有リン脂質中のドコサヘキサエン酸として約13mg/カプセルを毎日20カプセル8週間に亘り投与させ、対照群には大豆油レシチンを投与した。
【0024】
各人の利き目の遠見視力をDr.Landolt’s Interenational Ring Test−Type 半田屋商店製を使用して、測定した。
その結果、、遠見視力は、対照群(投与開始前)0.9→0.8(投与8週後)に対して、摂取群で、(投与開始前)1.0→1.3(投与8週後)と摂取群で有意な改善を確認した。分散分析法(ANOVA法)で統計処理した結果、危険率は、3.5%であった。
【0025】
【実施例2】
イカ皮から抽出したリン脂質を用いた。その組成はホスファチジルコリンが60重量%、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンが20重量%、ホスファチジルイノシトール及びホスファチジルセリンが8重量%であった。構成脂肪酸中に占めるn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸はドコサヘキサエン酸が31重量%であった。ドコサヘキサエン酸含有リン脂質と同様な脂肪酸組成になるようなn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有トリグリセリドをドコサヘキサエン酸トリグリセリド、エイコサペンタエン酸トリグリセリド、トリパルミチンを混合して作成した。それぞれを用いてドコサヘキサエン酸17mgを含むカプセルを作成した。問診で、目が疲れ易いと判断されたボランテイア20名をA群n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有リン脂質含有カプセル服用群(10名)とB群n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有トリグリセリド含有カプセル服用群(10名)に分けた。一日20粒を服用、8週間後に調査したところ、目が疲れ難くなったと回答した人の数は、A群が8名、B群が2名であった。
【0026】
【実施例3】
実施例1で用いたn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有リン脂質を用いた。ボールにゼリエース(ハウス食品製)を1袋を入れ、湯200mlを加えてよく溶かす。更に、水200mlにn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有リン脂質1gを分散溶解させた液を加えて、よく混ぜ合わせた。これを型(50ml)に流し入れて、冷蔵庫に約2時間以上置いて固めてゼリーを作った。目の疲れを訴えるボランテア20名の内、A群10名に、毎日ゼリー3個を三週間食べさせた。B群10名には、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有リン脂質の代わりに大豆レシチン1gを混入したゼリーを毎日3個ずつ5週間食べさせた。その後の症状を調べたところ、A群では、症状がなくなった者5名、改善された者4名、変化なしが1名であった。B群では、症状がなくなった者1名、改善された者2名、変化なしが7名であった。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、目の視力低下を防ぎ、疲労し難くしたり、その疲労を回復させる視力向上剤を提供することができる。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a visual acuity improver comprising a phospholipid containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Visual acuity includes near vision (usually the ability to see objects 30 cm ahead) and distance vision (usually the ability to see objects 3 m ahead).
Depending on the distance to the object, the thickness of the crystalline lens, which can be called the lens in the eye, is reduced by the contraction of the ciliary muscles (lower refractive index), looking far away and relaxing the ciliary muscles. It is adjusted to increase the thickness of the crystalline lens (increase the refractive index) and look closer.
That is, the thickness of the crystalline lens is adjusted in accordance with the distance of the object to be viewed, and an in-focus image is formed on the retina.
If the constant work is continued for a long time, the lens is maintained at a constant thickness for a long time, that is, if a constant tension state is applied to the ciliary muscle for a long time, the ciliary muscle fatigues and the ability to adjust the thickness of the crystalline lens decreases.
[0003]
For example, after working for a long time using near vision, far vision deteriorates. It is considered that the ciliary muscles were fatigued and stiffened by the same continuous operation for a long time, resulting in the loss of flexible contraction and extension ability. It's a common experience that after writing for a long time on the desk, you may find it difficult to see clearly and blurry when you look far out of the window.
The environment is becoming increasingly severe in terms of eye fatigue. The loss of flexibility becomes more pronounced with age. Various methods have been proposed as methods for improving and restoring visual acuity, such as reducing or eliminating such eye fatigue and increasing the flexibility of ciliary muscles.
Most preferably, it is recommended that VDT (computer display device) use work be interrupted every ten minutes and rest be taken. This is an effective preventive measure, but such frequent rest is taken. There is no fact.
[0004]
Eyeglasses have been an effective method since ancient times to cover the decline in the ability to adjust the thickness of the crystalline lens, but they are cumbersome, and if they are used frequently, the contraction state of the ciliary muscles will be fixed more and some coins will lose their ability to adjust. It is said.
As a tool for improving or recovering eyesight, for example, an eyeball massager (see Patent Literature 1), an eye exerciser (see Patent Literature 2), a blood circulation promoting device (see Patent Literature 3), an eye fatigue recovery tool (see Patent Literature 4) ) Visual acuity improving device by acupoint stimulation of optic nerve (see Patent Document 5) Eye fatigue reduction and removal device (see Patent Document 6)
Many ideas have been devised.
[0005]
Eyesight improvement and recovery training using these tools is effective in some cases, but the effects are not always clear. It can cause serious disability.
In addition, continuing this kind of eyesight recovery training on a daily basis requires considerable patience, and in many cases it ends in a three-day shaven. Many eye drops are marketed as being effective for tired eyes.
Although some efforts have been made to develop drugs that restore ciliary muscle flexibility, many of them have temporary effects or lack scientific evidence.
Also, it is quite difficult to make eye drops habitual at regular intervals. Depending on the type of eye drops, it may cause side effects such as itching. There is also a problem in that eye drops, which are originally topical drugs, enter the stomach through the nostrils and are ingested into the body, resulting in damage due to side effects of the drugs.
[0006]
The contact lens wearer also has a drawback in that the medicinal solution cannot be effectively administered in the wearing state. It is very troublesome to remove a contact every time you apply it. Also, most eye drops are prescribed with preservatives to enhance their preservative properties, and therefore some have warned of long-term eye drops.
On the other hand, if normal foods and dietary supplements can mildly improve symptoms and improve or recover vision, it is a gospel and desirable for patients and reserves.
Anthocyanins, lutein, carotene and the like are known as dietary supplement materials that are effective on the eyes. They are substances with antioxidant effects, and when the eyes are overworked or exposed to ultraviolet rays, active oxygen increases in the eyeball, the macula in the center of the retina is oxidized and damaged, and vision is blurred It is thought that it has an effect of preventing falling.
[0007]
If the visual organs are in a healthy state, avoiding damage and deterioration, it is supposed that they are hard to fatigue and effective in recovering from fatigue. However, their effects are unclear or are trace components present in specific plants. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the material is expensive and difficult to use.
Trigly-type docosahexaenoic acid is also considered to be good for eyes (improvement of visual acuity, prevention of fatigue eyes, prevention of blurred eyes) (for example, Non-Patent Document 1), but the mechanism of the effect is not known.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-63-46153 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-60-114260 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-62-189068 [Patent Document 4]
JP 06-269472 A [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-333747 [Patent Document 6]
JP-A-10-33583 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Keisuke Sawaki, 5 others, “Basic and Clinical”, 31 (7) 2667-2673 (1997)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a visual acuity enhancer that prevents a decrease in visual acuity of an eye, makes it hard to be tired, and recovers from the fatigue in a modern life in which the eyes are often overworked.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that phospholipids containing n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids, particularly phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl nositol The present inventors have found that a phospholipid containing 10% or more of at least one selected from phosphatidylserine and the like effectively relieves eye fatigue and exhibits an effect of improving and improving visual acuity, thereby completing the present invention.
[0011]
Ingestion of phospholipids containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a constituent has the effect of alleviating the above-mentioned symptoms for people suffering from eye fatigue (loss of vision due to decreased ability to control ciliary muscles). I can expect it. The active ingredient phospholipid of the present invention is a food-derived substance, has a mild effect, has no special side effects, and can be easily taken by patients without feeling that they are taking a special medicine. It is a big boon. It is also widely known that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have effects of improving and preventing lifestyle-related diseases such as lowering blood lipids, preventing arteriosclerosis, preventing cancer, preventing dementia and preventing hypertension, At the same time, it is thought that the effect can be expected, and it is easy to establish a daily intake habit.
[0012]
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) A visual acuity improver containing, as an active ingredient, a phospholipid containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent.
(2) The visual acuity improver according to (1), wherein the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is docosahexaenoic acid and / or eicosapentaenoic acid.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail focusing on its preferred embodiments.
The visual acuity improver of the present invention containing a phospholipid containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent as an active ingredient can be used as a pharmaceutical, a nutritional supplement, a food additive, and the like.
The phospholipid which is an active ingredient of the present invention is a phospholipid containing at least 10% by weight of at least one selected from phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine and the like. Preferably, the phospholipid is a phospholipid containing n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids. Among them, phospholipids containing at least 10% by weight of at least one selected from phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are more preferable.
[0014]
The n-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid refers to docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and the like. From the viewpoint of suppressing secretion of adrenaline and / or noradrenaline, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are preferred, and docosahexaenoic acid is more preferred.
It is known that in the human body, the synthesis of each fatty acid proceeds by the so-called linoleic acid pathway of linoleic acid →→ eicosapentaenoic acid → docosapentaenoic acid → docosahexaenoic acid. By incorporating these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids of phospholipids, phospholipids containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids in the body, particularly phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl Inositol, phosphatidylserine and the like are synthesized. Therefore, by ingesting these constituent fatty acids and phospholipids, it can be expected that a phospholipid containing a desired n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid is synthesized in the body. It is not sufficiently synthesized in the elderly, which is long, has low efficiency, and particularly has low enzymatic activity in vivo. It is more effective to directly ingest phospholipids containing n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids.
[0015]
It is preferable to contain 5% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more, and more effectively 30% by weight or more of the n-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acid in view of excellent action.
A phospholipid mixture containing n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids was grown on cephalopod skin (JP-A-6-321970), fish eggs (JP-B-7-595869), and marine feed. Shellfish such as chicken egg yolk, krill, salmon meat, scallop (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-123052), blue fish (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-50890), and DHA-producing microalgae (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-95875). And DHA-producing microorganisms (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 1-199588). It can be obtained by other synthetic methods (JP-A-51-91213), transesterification using an enzyme (Hosokawa, Oshima, Kono, Takahashi, Journal of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, 59, 309 (1993)).
[0016]
The main composition of phospholipids extracted from squid skin is usually 40 to 70% by weight of phosphatidylcholine, 10 to 30% by weight of phosphatidylethanolamine, and 5 to 15% by weight of phosphatidylserine. The docosahexaenoic acid of the n-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid in the constituent fatty acids is 20 to 40% by weight. A phospholipid obtained from squid skin is an example of a preferred phospholipid in the present invention.
The main composition of phospholipids extracted from scallop (midgut gland) is usually 40 to 70% by weight of phosphatidylcholine, 10 to 30% by weight of phosphatidylethanolamine, and 5 to 15% by weight of phosphatidylserine. The docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid of the n-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acids in the constituent fatty acids are both 10 to 35% by weight. Phospholipids obtained from scallop are another example of preferred phospholipids in the present invention.
[0017]
The thus obtained phospholipid containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent component is made into a liquid form by using another solvent containing water (such as ethanol), and further purified and dried and granulated by a method. Can be made into a paste, plate, lump, powder, granule, or the like. The optimum properties may be selected according to the use of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, food additives, and the like.
The phospholipid containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid, which is an active ingredient of the present invention, has both a hydrophilic group (polar group) and a hydrophobic group (non-polar group) in the same molecule. In addition, it can be easily mixed with any food regardless of water solubility or oiliness, and can be added to food or used as a dietary supplement.
[0018]
When the visual acuity enhancer of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical, it can be administered orally or parenterally for treatment or prevention. Oral preparations can be solid preparations such as tablets, powders, granules and capsules, or liquid preparations such as syrups and elixirs. Parenteral preparations include injections, mucosal preparations, and external preparations. These preparations are produced by a conventional method by adding pharmacologically and pharmaceutically acceptable preparation auxiliaries to the active ingredient. Furthermore, it is also possible to prepare a sustained-release preparation by a known technique.
[0019]
When a production aid is used, the amount of the phospholipid as the active ingredient of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight.
As a production aid, administration of oral preparations (oral), injection preparations (injection), mucosal preparations (buccal, troche, suppository, etc.), external preparations (ointments, medicated creams, patches, etc.) Appropriate ingredients for the formulation depending on the route are used. For example, in oral preparations and mucosal preparations, excipients (eg, starch, lactose, crystalline cellulose, calcium lactate, magnesium aluminate metasilicate, silicic anhydride, mannitol, etc.), binders (eg, hydroxypropyl Preparations such as cellulose, polyvinyldone, etc., disintegrants (eg, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose), lubricants (eg, magnesium stearate, talc, etc.), coating agents (eg, hydroxyethylcellulose, etc.), flavoring agents, etc. Ingredients are used. In the case of an injection, a solubilizing agent or a solubilizing agent (for example, distilled water for injection, physiological saline, propylene glycol, etc.) and a suspending agent (for example, Porinlvate 80, etc.) which can constitute an aqueous injection. Activators), pH adjusters (eg, organic acids or metal salts thereof), stabilizers and other ingredients for preparations, and further, in external preparations, aqueous or oily solubilizers or solubilizers (eg, , Alcohols, fatty acid esters, etc.), adhesives (eg, carboxyvinyl polymers, polysaccharides, etc.), emulsifiers (eg, surfactants, etc.), stabilizers and other ingredients for preparation.
[0020]
The drug having the above constitution can be produced by a known production method, for example, a method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 14th Edition General Rules for Preparations or a method with appropriate improvements.
The dosage of the drug varies depending on the dosage form, but is usually 1 to 1500 mg as an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the case of treating an adult, and is divided into 2 to 3 times a day and administered. It is preferable to take it for at least two weeks, preferably three months or more. This dosage may be increased or decreased depending on the age, weight and condition of the patient.
[0021]
When the visual acuity improver of the present invention is used as a food additive, processed beans products such as tofu, natto, bread, cakes, castella, cookies, pudding, jelly, ice cream, konjac, bamboo rings, fish processed products such as kamaboko It can be added to various foods including dairy products such as instant noodles, noodles, beverages, cheese, butter and yogurt, and processed meat products such as hamburgers, hams and sausages. The amount added to the food varies depending on the food, but is preferably about 10 mg to 10 g / 100 g as n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid.
In the case of dietary supplements, it is preferable to take the same dosage form as pharmaceuticals, that is, capsules or tablets. As the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10 to 100 mg / particle or tablet is preferable.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, but these Examples do not limit the present invention.
<Toxicity test>
As a safety test of a phospholipid containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid, which is an active ingredient of the present invention, a single dose toxicity test (criticality test) orally administered to rats was performed. As a result, no abnormality was observed in both the general condition and the autopsy. It was confirmed that the lethal dose of both males and females exceeded 2000 mg / kg, which is a safe material equivalent to ordinary food.
[0023]
Embodiment 1
A phospholipid extracted from scallop was used as the phospholipid. The phospholipid content (Iatroscan analysis) was 76% by weight. The composition of the phospholipid is 55% by weight of phosphatidylcholine, 22% by weight of phosphatidylethanolamine, 5% by weight of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine, 3% by weight of phosphatidic acid, and 10% by weight of lysophosphatidylcholine. When the content of the constituent fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography, it was found that docosahexaenoic acid was 15% by weight and eicosapentaenoic acid was 20% by weight. The phospholipid was encapsulated and subjected to the following human intervention test. Twenty-one testers (15 boys and 6 girls) were randomly divided into n-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid intake group (n = 9) and control group (n = 12). The test was performed in a double-blind fashion. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake group (subject) was administered about 13 mg / capsule as docosahexaenoic acid in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids daily for 20 weeks for 8 weeks. Received soybean oil lecithin.
[0024]
The distance vision of the dominant eye of each person is determined by Dr. The measurement was performed using Landolt's International Ring Test-Type, made by Handa Shoten.
As a result, the distance visual acuity was 0.9 → 0.8 (8 weeks after administration) in the control group (before administration) and 1.0 → 1.3 (before administration) in the intake group. 8 weeks later) and significant improvement was confirmed in the intake group. As a result of statistical processing by the analysis of variance (ANOVA method), the risk factor was 3.5%.
[0025]
Embodiment 2
Phospholipids extracted from squid skin were used. The composition was 60% by weight of phosphatidylcholine, 20% by weight of phosphatidylethanolamine, and 8% by weight of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. The docosahexaenoic acid contained 31% by weight of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the constituent fatty acids. Triglycerides containing n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids having a fatty acid composition similar to that of the docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipid were prepared by mixing docosahexaenoic acid triglyceride, eicosapentaenoic acid triglyceride, and tripalmitin. A capsule containing docosahexaenoic acid 17 mg was prepared using each of them. At the interview, 20 volunteers who were judged to be tired easily were given a group A (n = 10) of n-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid-containing capsules and a group B group containing n-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing triglyceride. They were divided into capsule taking groups (10). After taking 20 tablets a day and examining them 8 weeks later, the number of persons who answered that their eyes were less likely to be tired was 8 in group A and 2 in group B.
[0026]
Embodiment 3
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid used in Example 1 was used. Put one bag of Zelliace (made by House Foods) in a bowl, add 200 ml of hot water and dissolve well. Further, a liquid in which 1 g of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid was dispersed and dissolved in 200 ml of water was added and mixed well. This was poured into a mold (50 ml) and placed in a refrigerator for about 2 hours or more to harden to make jelly. Of the 20 volunteers complaining of eye strain, 10 of Group A were fed three jellies daily for three weeks. Ten persons in Group B were fed three jellies each day containing 1 g of soybean lecithin in place of the phospholipid containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, three times a day for 5 weeks. Examination of the subsequent symptoms revealed that in Group A, 5 subjects had no symptoms, 4 had improvements, and 1 had no change. In group B, one subject had no symptom, two had improvement, and seven had no change.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a visual acuity improver which prevents a decrease in visual acuity of the eyes, makes it hard to be tired, and recovers the fatigue.

Claims (2)

n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸を構成成分として含むリン脂質を有効成分として含有する視力向上剤。An eyesight improver containing, as an active ingredient, a phospholipid containing an n-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent. n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸がドコサヘキサエン酸及び/又はエイコサペンタエン酸である請求項1記載の視力向上剤。The visual acuity improver according to claim 1, wherein the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is docosahexaenoic acid and / or eicosapentaenoic acid.
JP2002280614A 2002-09-26 2002-09-26 Eyesight improver Withdrawn JP2004115429A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006311853A (en) * 2005-04-04 2006-11-16 Cosmo Shokuhin Kk Useful phospholipid composition, and food, food compounding agent and drink each containing the same, and method for producing useful phospholipid composition
JP2007161703A (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-06-28 Asahi Kasei Corp Compound with antifatigue effect and compound with endurance-enhancing effect and food/drink containing the same
JP2008239528A (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-09 Lion Corp Eye and brain function improver
EP2090302A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2009-08-19 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Dietary supplement, anti-fatigue agent or physical endurance enhancer, functional food, or cosmetic
JP2013040235A (en) * 2011-08-11 2013-02-28 Hiroaki Saito Method for producing lipid containing useful fatty acid residue of docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid or the like
CN111329443A (en) * 2020-03-16 2020-06-26 广东小天才科技有限公司 Ciliary muscle fatigue detection method and device and electronic equipment

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006311853A (en) * 2005-04-04 2006-11-16 Cosmo Shokuhin Kk Useful phospholipid composition, and food, food compounding agent and drink each containing the same, and method for producing useful phospholipid composition
JP2007161703A (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-06-28 Asahi Kasei Corp Compound with antifatigue effect and compound with endurance-enhancing effect and food/drink containing the same
EP2090302A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2009-08-19 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Dietary supplement, anti-fatigue agent or physical endurance enhancer, functional food, or cosmetic
EP2090302A4 (en) * 2006-11-22 2010-01-20 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp Dietary supplement, anti-fatigue agent or physical endurance enhancer, functional food, or cosmetic
JP2008239528A (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-09 Lion Corp Eye and brain function improver
JP2013040235A (en) * 2011-08-11 2013-02-28 Hiroaki Saito Method for producing lipid containing useful fatty acid residue of docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid or the like
CN111329443A (en) * 2020-03-16 2020-06-26 广东小天才科技有限公司 Ciliary muscle fatigue detection method and device and electronic equipment

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