JP2004099760A - Method for operating gasification furnace, and gasification furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for operating a gasification furnace and a gasification furnace, wherein the visual field of a monitoring device for a slag-discharging port is secured and molten slag can be stably discharged. <P>SOLUTION: The method relates to operation of a gasification furnace 11, where a substance (ash in fuel) to be melted is melted in a reaction chamber 12 and a molten slag 20 is discharged from a slag-discharging port 14 installed at the bottom 13 of the furnace in the reaction chamber 12 into a starting combustion chamber 15 while the circumstance of the discharged molten slag 20 is monitored by a monitoring device 18 for the slag-discharging port. The method is characterized by supplying an oxygen containing gas G2 to the starting combustion chamber 15 and burning combustible components and particles contained in the gas coming from the slag-discharging port 14 into the starting combustion chamber 15. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gasifier using coal, solid fuel, waste, or the like as a fuel, and more particularly to a gasifier operating method and a gasifier capable of monitoring a discharge state of molten slag by providing a monitoring device. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a coal gasifier 1 as shown in FIG. 4 reacts by a reaction chamber 2 for melting ash in coal, a slag discharge hole 4 provided in a furnace bottom 3 of the reaction chamber 2, and a slag discharge hole 4. And a starting combustion chamber 5 provided in communication with the chamber 2. Cooling water 6 is stored in the lower part of the starting combustion chamber 5, and a starting burner 7 and a slag discharge hole monitoring device 8 (such as a visual / brightness detection system) are provided on the wall of the starting combustion chamber 5. Provided. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1.)
[0003]
In the operation of such a coal gasifier 1, the molten slag 10 obtained by melting the ash in the coal in the reaction chamber 2 is discharged from the slag discharge hole 4 to the starting combustion chamber 5, and into the cooling water 6. It is dropped and quenched. Further, the gas G1 flows from the reaction chamber 2 through the slag discharge hole 4 into the starting combustion chamber 5 due to the swirling flow and pressure fluctuation inside the reaction chamber 2, and circulates inside the starting combustion chamber 5. Gas G1 is configured to contain H ₂ and CO components, particles made of carbon (char) is contained. Further, the start-up burner 7 is used to inject oil fuel and secondary air for oil fuel at the time of start-up, and to increase the internal temperature of the start-up combustion chamber 5, and has not been used during operation.
[0004]
In the coal gasifier 1 as described above, the molten slag 10 adheres and accumulates in the slag discharge hole 4 and closes the slag discharge hole 4, so that the discharge of the molten slag 10 is obstructed, and the operation of the coal gasifier 1 is performed. In some cases. In order to prevent this, the discharge condition of the slag discharge hole 4 is monitored by the slag discharge hole monitoring device 8, and before the slag discharge hole 4 is closed with the molten slag 10, the operating conditions of the gasification furnace are changed and the reaction chamber is changed. 2, the molten slag 10 deposited is heated and melted by using a slag heating burner (not shown) or the like to prevent the slag discharge hole 4 from being clogged, and the continuous slag is melted. Blocking prevention means for ensuring the discharge of the slag 10 has been used. At this time, since the particles contained in the gas G1 flowing into the starting combustion chamber 5 hinder the monitoring by the slag discharge hole monitoring device 8, an inert gas is injected into the starting combustion chamber 5 to provide a good visual field. It was done to ensure that.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-34106 (Section 2-5, FIG. 1)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the coal gasifier 1, the inert gas for securing the view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device 8 is circulated and discharged together with the gas G1 flowing into the starting combustion chamber 5, so that it is preferable. There was a problem that a large amount of inert gas had to be introduced in order to secure a proper visual field. As a result, not only is it necessary to increase the inert gas production power, but also the internal temperature of the coal gasifier 1 decreases. In particular, when a large amount of the inert gas is supplied to the slag discharge hole 4, the slag discharge hole 4 is cooled by the inert gas, and the molten slag 10 is easily deposited and deposited on the slag discharge hole 4, and the molten slag 10 There was a problem that the discharge situation of the slag 10 deteriorated.
[0007]
The present invention has been made under such a background, and while ensuring the view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device, the operation method of the gasification furnace capable of stably discharging the molten slag, and the gas It is intended to provide a gasification furnace.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means.
The method for operating a gasification furnace according to the present invention includes melting a material to be melted in a reaction chamber, discharging molten slag from a slag discharge hole provided at the furnace bottom of the reaction chamber to a starting combustion chamber, and forming a slag discharge hole. A method for operating a gasifier for monitoring the discharge status of molten slag by a monitoring device, comprising supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the starting combustion chamber and including an oxygen-containing gas in the gas flowing into the starting combustion chamber from the slag discharge port. And burning the particles.
[0009]
In the operation method of the gasifier according to the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the starting combustion chamber, and the combustible components and particles contained in the gas flowing into the starting combustion chamber from the slag discharge port are burned. The visual field of the hole monitoring device can be secured, and the discharge state of the molten slag can be reliably monitored. In addition to burning the particles, if the gas contains a combustible component, the combustible component is also combusted to maintain the internal temperature of the starting combustion chamber slag, particularly the temperature near the discharge hole, at a high temperature. The molten slag can be discharged smoothly.
[0010]
Further, the gasification furnace according to the present invention is provided with a reaction chamber for melting the material to be melted, a slag discharge hole provided at the furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, and a communication with the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole. A start-up combustion chamber and a slag discharge hole monitoring device provided in the start-up combustion chamber, wherein the slag discharge hole monitoring device is provided with a monitoring unit nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas. It is characterized by having.
[0011]
In the gasification furnace of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas is injected from the monitoring unit nozzle provided in the slag discharge hole monitoring device, so that the gas contained in the gas flowing from the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole and flowing into the starting combustion chamber. The combustible components and particles that are burned. Thereby, particles in the starting combustion chamber are reduced, so that the field of view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device can be secured. Particularly, since the particles near the slag discharge hole monitoring device are reduced, a good visual field can be secured.
[0012]
Further, the gasification furnace according to the present invention is provided with a reaction chamber for melting the material to be melted, a slag discharge hole provided at the furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, and a communication with the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole. A start-up combustion chamber, and a slag discharge hole monitoring device provided in the start-up combustion chamber, wherein the start-up burner is used for raising the temperature of the start-up combustion chamber at the start of operation. Is provided, and the starting burner is configured to inject an oxygen-containing gas during operation.
[0013]
In the gasification furnace of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas is injected from the start-up burner provided in the start-up combustion chamber, so that the gas contained in the gas flowing into the start-up combustion chamber through the slag discharge hole from the reaction chamber. The combustible components and particles that are burned. Thereby, particles in the starting combustion chamber are reduced, so that the field of view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device can be secured. In addition, the problem that the internal temperature of the starting combustion chamber decreases as in the related art due to the burning of the combustible components and particles can be avoided, and the gasification furnace can be favorably operated.
[0014]
Further, the gasification furnace according to the present invention is provided with a reaction chamber for melting the material to be melted, a slag discharge hole provided at the furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, and a communication with the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole. A start-up combustion chamber, and a slag discharge hole monitoring device provided in the start-up combustion chamber, wherein a discharge hole nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas is provided near the slag discharge hole. It is characterized by having.
[0015]
In the gasifier of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas is injected from a discharge hole nozzle provided in the vicinity of the slag discharge hole, so that the gas flowing from the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole and flowing into the starting combustion chamber is formed. The contained combustible components and particles are burned. Thereby, particles in the starting combustion chamber are reduced, so that the field of view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device can be secured. In particular, since the combustible components and particles burn near the slag discharge hole, the gas temperature near the slag discharge hole can be kept high, and adhesion and deposition of molten slag can be prevented. This can avoid the problem that the molten slag discharge condition is deteriorated.
[0016]
Further, a gasification furnace according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the gasification furnace provided with the above-described monitoring unit nozzle, at least one of the starting burner and the discharge hole nozzle is provided.
[0017]
In the gasification furnace of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas is injected from the monitoring unit nozzle and the oxygen-containing gas is injected from at least one of the starter burner and the discharge hole nozzle, and the flammable component contained in the gas is injected. By burning the particles and burning the particles, it is possible to secure a better view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device, maintain the inside of the starting combustion chamber at a high temperature, and operate the gasification furnace well. Can be. Further, the temperature in the vicinity of the slag discharge hole can be set to a high temperature, so that the molten slag can be discharged smoothly.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of a coal gasifier 11 that uses coal as a material to be melted and melts ash in the coal. The coal gasification furnace 11 communicates with the reaction chamber 12 through a reaction chamber 12 that melts ash in the coal, a slag discharge hole 14 provided in the furnace bottom 13 of the reaction chamber 12, and the slag discharge hole 14, A starting combustion chamber 15 used for raising the temperature at the time of starting the gasification furnace 11 is provided. The reaction chamber 12 is provided with a plurality of burners (not shown) for squirting coal, char, and oxidant along a circumferential direction of the inner wall 12a, with an inner wall 12a lining the surface of a refractory material or a water-cooled tube. In addition, a combustible gas line (not shown) is provided above the reaction chamber 12. The furnace bottom 13 of the reaction chamber 12 has an upper surface 13a inclined downward toward the center, and a slag discharge hole 14 provided in the center.
[0019]
A water tank for storing cooling water 16 for cooling the dropped molten slag 20 is formed in the lower part of the starting combustion chamber 15, and quenching water or the like is used as the cooling water 16. A wall 15a of the starting combustion chamber 15 is provided with a starting burner 17 and a slag discharge hole monitoring device 18. A plurality (two in the figure) of the starting burners 17 are arranged on the wall 15a of the starting combustion chamber 15. The discharge hole monitoring device 18 is embedded in a wall 15 a between the furnace bottom 13 and the start-up burner 17, and is provided so as to be inclined so that the central axis O faces the slag discharge hole 14. In front of the discharge hole monitoring device 18 (on the side facing the slag discharge hole 14), a monitoring unit nozzle 21 for injecting the oxygen-containing gas G2 is provided.
[0020]
Further, a discharge hole nozzle 22 is provided at a plurality of locations on the lower surface 13b of the furnace bottom 13 near the slag discharge hole 14 for injecting the oxygen-containing gas G2. The pipe for supplying the oxygen-containing gas G2 to the discharge hole nozzle 22 communicates with the straight pipe 23 disposed inside the furnace bottom 13 from one side to the center, and the straight pipe 23. An annular pipe 24 arranged in a ring shape so as to surround the slag discharge hole 14 inside the furnace bottom 13, and a discharge hole nozzle 22 is provided downward from the annular pipe 24. .
[0021]
An operation method of the gasification furnace 11 as described above will be described.
First, combustion is performed by the start-up burner 17 of the start-up combustion chamber 15 until the internal temperature of the reaction chamber 12 becomes equal to or higher than the ignition temperature of coal. After the temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature, coal and an oxidizing agent are ejected from a plurality of burners in the reaction chamber 12 to burn the coal, and then the combustion by the starting burner 17 is stopped. Then, inside the reaction chamber 12, the coal is gasified to generate a gas G1. At this time, since the burner of the reaction chamber 12 is provided along the circumferential direction, the gas G1 forms a swirling flow inside the reaction chamber 12. The inside of the reaction chamber 12 is maintained at a high temperature of about 1600 ° C. or more and adjusted to a reducing atmosphere in order to efficiently melt the ash.
[0022]
On the other hand, the molten slag 20 in which the ash component in the coal is melted adheres to the inner wall 12a of the reaction chamber 12, flows down the inner wall 12a, flows through the upper surface 13a of the furnace bottom 13, reaches the slag discharge hole 14, It is discharged to the starting combustion chamber 15. The discharge state of the molten slag 20 is monitored by the discharge hole monitoring device 18. At this time, together with the molten slag 20, the gas G <b> 1 and char (particles containing coal and ash, which are reactants of coal) also flow into the starting combustion chamber 15 from the slag discharge holes 14. Therefore, the heated oxygen-containing gas G2 is injected from the monitoring unit nozzle 21, the discharge hole nozzle 22, and the starting burner 17, and the combustible components and the char in the gas G1 are burned. The combustion gas G3 generated by the combustion circulates inside the starting combustion chamber 15 and flows out of the slag discharge hole 14 into the reaction chamber 12.
[0023]
Thus, by adjusting the flow rate and the oxygen concentration of the injected oxygen-containing gas G2, the field of view inside the starting combustion chamber 15 is secured, and the temperature is maintained. That is, the flow rate and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas G2 are adjusted based on the temperature measured by the thermocouple installed inside the starting combustion chamber 15 and the visual field situation monitored by the exhaust hole monitoring device 18. It is. Based on the flow rate and oxygen concentration at which the slag discharge condition and the visual field condition are optimal, when the slag discharge condition changes, the oxygen concentration should be increased if the temperature decreases, and the oxygen concentration should be decreased if the temperature rises. Make the necessary adjustments. In addition, when the visual field situation changes, the char can be reduced by increasing the flow rate.However, at this time, the temperature change accompanying the flow rate adjustment is also used as a reference for adjusting the oxygen concentration, and the optimum visual field and temperature are always set. Adjust to secure.
[0024]
As described above, by injecting the oxygen-containing gas G2 into the starting combustion chamber 15, the char inside the starting combustion chamber 15 can be reduced, and a good visibility can be obtained. The discharge status of the molten slag 20 can be monitored. Further, since the combustion gas G3 flows out of the slag discharge hole 14 into the reaction chamber 12, the flow of the combustion gas G3 makes it difficult for the char to flow into the starting combustion chamber 15 from the slag discharge hole 14. Further, by burning the combustible components and the char in the gas G1 in this manner, the problem of lowering the temperature of the starting combustion chamber 15 due to the injection of the inert gas as in the related art does not occur.
[0025]
In particular, since the monitoring unit nozzle 21 is provided in front of the discharge hole monitoring device 18, the visibility near the discharge hole monitoring device 18 can be improved. Further, by using the start-up burner 17, the char can be reduced over the entire start-up combustion chamber 15 without providing a nozzle dedicated to the oxygen-containing gas, and the inside of the start-up combustion chamber 15 is heated to a high temperature. Can be held. Further, since the vicinity of the slag discharge hole 14 is burned by the discharge hole nozzle 22, the temperature in the vicinity of the slag discharge hole 14 can be maintained at a high temperature, and the molten slag 20 can be discharged smoothly.
[0026]
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment. In the second and third embodiments, the same components as those in the first embodiment will be described with the same reference numerals.
In the second embodiment, the oxygen-containing gas G2 is injected into the starting combustion chamber 15 from the monitoring unit nozzle 21 and the starting burner 17. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to provide the discharge hole nozzle 22, and the nozzle is attached to the discharge hole monitoring device 18 which is relatively easy to improve in the conventional equipment, and the piping for the oxygen-containing gas G 2 is connected to the starting burner 17. Just connect. Thereby, the present invention can be easily implemented.
[0027]
In the third embodiment, the oxygen-containing gas G2 is injected from the monitor nozzle 21 and the discharge hole nozzle 22 into the starting combustion chamber 15. With such a configuration, the temperature in the vicinity of the slag discharge hole 14 can be maintained at a high temperature, and the molten slag 20 can be prevented from adhering and depositing on the slag discharge hole 14. Discharge can be performed smoothly. Further, even if the amount of the oxygen-containing gas G2 used is small, a sufficient effect can be obtained.
[0028]
Although the coal gasifier 11 has been described in the present embodiment, the present invention may be applied to a gasifier using solid fuel or waste other than coal as a material to be melted. Further, the present invention may be applied to a gasifier having a plurality of slag discharge holes.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the operation method of the gasifier of the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the starting combustion chamber, and the particles contained in the gas flowing into the starting combustion chamber from the slag discharge port are burned. Therefore, a good view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device can be secured, and the discharge state of the molten slag can be reliably monitored. Further, the temperature in the vicinity of the slag discharge hole can be maintained at a high temperature, and the molten slag can be discharged smoothly.
[0030]
Further, according to the gasifier of the present invention, particles contained in the gas flowing into the starting combustion chamber are burned by the oxygen-containing gas injected from the monitoring unit nozzle, so that the particles in the starting combustion chamber are reduced. Therefore, the field of view of the slag discharge hole monitoring device can be secured. This makes it possible to reliably monitor the discharge status of the molten slag.
[0031]
In addition, since the particles are burned by the oxygen-containing gas injected from the start-up burner, the discharge state of the molten slag can be reliably monitored, and the gasification can be satisfactorily performed without lowering the internal temperature of the start-up combustion chamber. The furnace can be operated.
[0032]
Also, since the particles are burned by the oxygen-containing gas injected from the discharge hole nozzle, the temperature in the vicinity of the slag discharge hole can be maintained at a high temperature, and it is possible to prevent the molten slag from being deposited on the slag discharge hole. . Thus, the discharge state of the molten slag can be reliably monitored, and the discharge of the molten slag can be smoothly performed.
[0033]
In addition, by using all or any of the monitoring unit nozzle, the starting burner, and the discharge hole nozzle in combination, it is possible to more reliably monitor the molten slag discharge state and smoothly discharge the molten slag. The gasification furnace can be operated well.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of a gasification furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional configuration diagram of a gasification furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional configuration view of a gasification furnace according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of a conventional gasification furnace.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Gasifier 12 Reaction chamber 13 Furnace bottom 14 Slag discharge hole 15 Starting combustion chamber 17 Starting burner 18 Slag discharge hole monitoring device 21 Monitoring part nozzle 22 Discharge hole nozzle G2 Oxygen-containing gas

Claims (5)

A gas for melting a molten material in a reaction chamber, discharging molten slag to a starting combustion chamber from a slag discharge hole provided at a furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, and monitoring a discharge state of the molten slag by a slag discharge hole monitoring device. Operating method of the gasification furnace,
A method for operating a gasifier, comprising supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the starting combustion chamber and burning particles contained in the gas flowing into the starting combustion chamber from the slag discharge port. A reaction chamber for melting the material to be melted, a slag discharge hole provided in a furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, a starting combustion chamber provided in communication with the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole, and a starting combustion chamber A gasification furnace provided with a slag discharge hole monitoring device provided in the chamber,
A gasification furnace, wherein a monitoring unit nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas is provided in the slag discharge hole monitoring device. A reaction chamber for melting the material to be melted, a slag discharge hole provided in a furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, a starting combustion chamber provided in communication with the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole, and a starting combustion chamber A gasification furnace provided with a slag discharge hole monitoring device provided in the chamber,
A gasification furnace, wherein a start-up burner used for raising the temperature at the time of start-up is provided in the start-up combustion chamber, and the start-up burner is configured to inject an oxygen-containing gas during operation. . A reaction chamber for melting the material to be melted, a slag discharge hole provided in a furnace bottom of the reaction chamber, a starting combustion chamber provided in communication with the reaction chamber through the slag discharge hole, and a starting combustion chamber A gasification furnace provided with a slag discharge hole monitoring device provided in the chamber,
A gasification furnace comprising a discharge hole nozzle for injecting an oxygen-containing gas near the slag discharge hole. The gasifier according to claim 2,
A gasification furnace comprising at least one of the starting burner according to claim 3 and the discharge hole nozzle according to claim 4.

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