JP2004091943A - Method for producing acrylic fiber - Google Patents

Method for producing acrylic fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004091943A
JP2004091943A JP2002251334A JP2002251334A JP2004091943A JP 2004091943 A JP2004091943 A JP 2004091943A JP 2002251334 A JP2002251334 A JP 2002251334A JP 2002251334 A JP2002251334 A JP 2002251334A JP 2004091943 A JP2004091943 A JP 2004091943A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
coagulation bath
monomer
solution
concentration
liquid
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JP2002251334A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takahiro Ogushi
大串 隆浩
Mitsutoshi Ozaki
尾崎 充利
Fumio Ogawa
小川 文夫
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Priority to JP2002251334A priority Critical patent/JP2004091943A/en
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  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress scattering of acrylonitrile in a spinning dope causing even worsening of the work environment into the air while ensuring operating efficiency over a long period. <P>SOLUTION: An acrylic fiber is produced by reducing the amount of a monomer of a coagulation bath liquid discharged from a coagulation bath with a vacuum distillation apparatus and feeding the resultant coagulation bath liquid to the coagulation bath liquid. Thereby, spinning into the coagulation bath liquid with the suppressed monomer concentration is carried out. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アクリル系繊維の製造方法に関するものである。詳しくは、大気中へのモノマーの排出を抑制しつつ、長期の操業性に優れたアクリル系繊維の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アクリル系繊維は、衣料用を始め、多くの用途に用いられていることは良く知られている。近年には、炭素繊維を製造するための前駆体繊維としても使用されるようになっている。その炭素繊維は、優れた比強度や比弾性率を有することから、補強用繊維としてスポーツ用具、航空機の構造材等その使用範囲は広くなってきている。
【0003】
アクリル系繊維は、アクリロニトリルを代表とするモノマーを重合したポリアクリロニトリルを湿式または乾湿式紡糸することにより得られる。重合する際、その反応速度は反応の進行とともに粘度が上昇するため低下し、アクリロニトリル等のモノマーを完全に反応させることは難しく、得られたポリマー中に残存していることが一般的である。さらに、この残存しているモノマーを減圧下にさらす等の方法により除去することも可能であるが、ポリマーを含む紡糸原液は高粘度であるため完全に除去することは難しい。モノマーがポリマー中に残存したまま紡糸すると、凝固浴中等に蓄積して作業環境を悪化させることがあり好ましくない。
【0004】
モノマーの飛散を抑制するため、特開2000−44606号公報には、モノマーを除去した精製アクリル系重合体に関する技術が開示されている。しかしこの方法では、高粘度なポリマー原液からモノマーを除去するため特別な装置を必要とし、さらに本発明者らの検討によれば紡糸後の糸切れが発生するなど操業性の点でも十分ではなかった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述のように、凝固浴中等に蓄積して作業環境を悪化させる原因ともなる紡糸原液中モノマーの大気中への飛散を抑制しつつ良好な操業性を達成することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、かかる課題を解決するために、次の構成を有する。すなわち、凝固浴から排出される凝固浴液のモノマー量を減圧蒸留によって減少させ、再び凝固浴に供給することで、凝固浴液のモノマー濃度を0.001〜1重量%に制御しつつ、モノマー濃度が0.05〜2重量%である紡糸原液を該凝固浴液に吐出し凝固繊維となすアクリル系繊維の製造方法である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、前記課題、つまりモノマーの大気中への飛散を抑制し、さらに良好な操業性を達成するという命題にたいして鋭意検討を行った結果、成分濃度の制御された凝固浴液に通すことによりかかる課題を解決することを見いだした。
【0008】
本発明においてモノマーとは、アクリロニトリルを重合する際に用い得るモノマー及び重合によりポリマー中に取り込まれなかったものを指す。かかるモノマーとしては、アクリロニトリルを始め、これと共重合可能な他のコモノマーを含むものである。コモノマーとしては、エチレン性二重結合を有する化合物であれば特に問題なく用いることができるが、具体的にはアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸等の不飽和有機酸およびそのメチル、エチル等のエステルまたは塩、さらには、アクリルアミド等の不飽和アミド化合物等が例示できる。
【0009】
その配合量は、得られる炭素繊維の特性を考慮するとアクリロニトリルを95重量%以上含むこと好ましい。
【0010】
用いる重合方法としては、溶液重合、懸濁重合等、特に限定されずに用いることが出来るが生産性の観点からは溶液重合が好ましい。重合における溶剤、開始剤等は特に限定されずに適宜選択して用いることが出来る。
【0011】
重合により得られたポリマーを、溶剤に溶解させたものを紡糸原液として以降の紡糸に用いることが出来る。用いる溶剤としてはポリアクリロニトリルを溶解させうるもので有れば特に限定されるものではないが、例としてジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド等の有機溶剤、塩化亜鉛水溶液、硝酸水溶液、ロダンソーダ水等の無機溶剤の水溶液等が上げられる。溶液重合の場合、重合に用いた溶剤をそのまま適用することが生産性の観点から好ましい。
【0012】
本発明において、紡糸原液中のモノマー濃度は0.05〜2重量%であることが必要である。
【0013】
モノマー濃度が0.05重量%未満である場合、モノマーを除去するのに高い減圧や高温が必要となったり、糸切れ等の操業性が低下したり、ポリマーの特性に影響を及ぼす。これは明確な原因については不明であるものの概ね以下のような理由によるものと考える。
【0014】
重合により得られるポリマー分子中にのモノマーが入り込むことにより、各分子間の相互作用を低下させ、各分子をほぐす効果があるものと考える。よって、この濃度が低下することにより、各分子は凝集しやすくなり、ひいてはゲル化しやすくなり、ゲル量が増加し、口金での詰まりや後述する凝固繊維の伸度低下をもたらす場合があると考える。大気中への飛散に伴う作業環境の悪化を考慮した場合、モノマーは除去する方がよいが、操業性の観点からは除去しすぎないことが好ましい。
【0015】
逆に、モノマー量が2重量%以上である場合、凝固浴液中に残存し飛散しやすくなる。
【0016】
紡糸原液の粘度としては45℃において50〜100Pa・s、好ましくは60〜80Pa・sとすることが良い。粘度が50Pa・s未満である場合、口金直後での単糸切れが多発し製糸性に悪影響を及ぼしたり、糸中の溶媒濃度が上がるため延伸工程以降での単繊維間接着が起こり物性低下を招く場合がある。逆に100Pa・sより大きい場合、口金の背圧が大きくなり、口金の変形をもたらすことがある。
【0017】
ポリマーの極限粘度、原液粘度が所定の範囲に入るように適宜調整することで好ましく用いることが出来る。具体的には、極限粘度が好ましくは1.5〜2.0であり、より好ましくは1.6〜1.8である。
【0018】
ポリマー濃度は10〜30重量%、好ましくは15〜25重量%であれば後述する凝固繊維の伸度に関しても問題ないことが多い。
【0019】
本発明でいうアクリル系繊維の紡糸方法は、特に限定されないが湿式または乾湿式紡糸法を好適に用いることが出来る。これらの紡糸法とは、上述の紡糸原液を口金を経由することで繊維状となし、直接凝固浴液中に、あるいは一旦空中に紡糸原液を吐出した後、凝固浴液中を通過させることにより凝固させて繊維となす方法である。凝固浴液としては一般的にポリアクリロニトリルに対する溶剤と可塑剤を含む液を用いることが一般的であるが、本発明においてはさらにモノマーを0.001〜1重量%の濃度で含むことが必要である。モノマー濃度が0.001重量%未満である場合、以降の工程における糸切れ等が発生し操業性を低下させるため好ましくない。この理由についても紡糸原液中のモノマーと同様、凝固浴液中のモノマーがポリマー分子間の相互作用を低下させ、各分子の凝集を抑制しているためと考える。逆に、1重量%以上である場合、大気中へのモノマーの飛散が多くなるため好ましくない。
【0020】
凝固浴液に用いる溶剤としてはポリアクリロニトリルを溶解可能なものであれば特に問題なく使用でき、紡糸原液中の溶剤と同様の溶剤を使用することができる。可塑剤としては生産性の観点から水を用いることが好ましい。凝固浴液に含まれる溶剤の濃度としては、凝固浴中の溶剤と可塑剤の種類および配合比により、得られる凝固繊維の伸度が変化するため一概にはいえないが、25〜60重量%であれば特に問題ないことが多い。
【0021】
凝固浴液の温度としては0〜70℃の範囲において問題ないことが多く、凝固繊維の緻密性、断面形態等にて適宜決められるものである。
【0022】
凝固繊維の伸度に影響する要因の一つとして凝固浴液から糸条を引き出す速度と吐出速度の比(以下、紡糸ドラフトという)も挙げられる。紡糸ドラフトを0.1〜2.0、好ましくは0.3〜1.8にて行うことにより、得られる凝固繊維の伸度は問題ないことが多い。紡糸ドラフトが0.3未満の場合、糸条が凝固浴中にて弛んでしまい、糸条同士の絡みつき等が発生して以降の工程にて糸痛みが発生する事がある。逆に1.0より大きい場合、凝固浴中にて延伸していることとなり、得られる凝固繊維の伸度が低下する場合がある。この紡糸ドラフトを上述の範囲に収めるように、用いる口金の孔径や凝固浴からの引き取り速度を調整することができる。
【0023】
凝固浴液の組成を厳密に制御するため、溶剤、水、モノマーのそれぞれを凝固浴に投入することもできる。
【0024】
生産性の観点から、好ましい凝固浴液の制御方法を用いた本発明の製造方法の1例を、図1に本発明のアクリル系繊維の製造方法のフロー図の一例を示しながら以下に説明する。
【0025】
紡糸原液1を吐出することにより凝固浴2より溢れた液は、減圧蒸留しモノマーを除去して、凝固浴2に戻すことで生産性を落とさずに凝固浴の濃度を制御することが可能である。
【0026】
凝固浴2をオーバーフローした凝固浴液4は凝固浴液回収ピット5へ貯液される。凝固浴液を貯液する凝固浴液回収ピット5は、大気へのモノマー大気排出量削減の観点から密閉型のほうが好ましい。凝固浴液回収ピット5へ送液された液はポンプA6を用いて回収用タンク7へ送液し貯液される。貯液された液は、例えばポンプB8を用いて、真空度が好ましくは100〜300Torrの蒸留装置9へ供給し、モノマー濃度が0.0001〜0.1重量%となるように蒸留処理を行う。液中のモノマー濃度は蒸留操作により減少するが、その速度は蒸留の進行とともに遅くなるため、凝固浴液中のモノマー濃度を調整することを目的とした場合、0.0001重量%程度にすれば十分であり、それ以上に蒸留を進めると、生産性が低下する場合がある。逆に、0.1重量%より多い場合、希釈効率が低下し、凝固浴の濃度を調整するために多くの処理液を凝固浴に送る必要があり、これも生産性が低下する場合がある。蒸留処理した処理液は蒸留装置から処理液貯液用タンク10へ供給され貯液される。処理液貯液用タンクへ貯液された処理液はポンプC11を用いて凝固ピット17へ供給され、ポンプD18を用いて凝固浴へ供給される。
【0027】
これらの工程中、減圧処理により、溶剤や可塑剤も同様に飛散して濃度が変化するため、溶剤の濃度を凝固浴液の濃度と合わせてから凝固浴に供給することが凝固浴液の組成を制御しやすいという点で好ましい。さらに、減圧処理後に処理液貯液用タンク10において処理液の温度が低下するため、処理液の温度を凝固浴の温度に合わせてから凝固浴に供給することが凝固浴条件を制御しやすいという点で好ましい。
【0028】
蒸留処理した処理液を凝固浴2に再び供給する際、処理液の流量は、凝固浴液3中のモノマー濃度が所定の範囲に入るように適宜決められる。
【0029】
上述のように凝固浴液3の組成を厳密に制御することにより、得られる凝固繊維の伸度を150%以上にすることが出来る。更に好ましい範囲としては、200%以上である。伸度が150%未満である場合、以降の工程においてローラー等で引き回された際に束内の単繊維に生じる応力差から単繊維が切れて毛羽が発生し、ひいては糸切れが起きやすくなることがある。逆に、凝固繊維の伸度は無尽蔵に高い方が良いわけではなく、伸度が高すぎるということは凝固が不十分であることをさし、その様な状態にて以降の工程を引き回すことにより、単繊維間の接着を招くことがあるため、1000%以下とすることが好ましい。
【0030】
本発明において凝固繊維の伸度とは、クロスヘッド移動速度を一定に保てる形式の適当な万能試験機や材料試験機を用いて、引張り試験を行い求めることができる。このような試験機としては例えばインストロン(登録商標)が挙げられる。具体的には、荷重が最大となるまでにクロスヘッド部が移動した変位を、サンプル長で除した値を%で表示した値をさす。
【0031】
得られた凝固繊維は、凝固浴から引出た後、水洗および/または延伸してもよい。つまり、凝固繊維中の溶剤等を水洗により洗浄したり、ポリマーの配向度、強度を向上させるため延伸を行うことが出来る。かかる延伸は熱水中で行ってもよい。これらの工程としては水洗を行ってから延伸をしても、またその逆であってもよい。熱水中での延伸工程における倍率としては、1.5〜6倍程度が好ましい。1.5倍未満である場合、繊維の配向が不足して強度が低くなるため、後処理等の工程にて毛羽立ち等の問題となることがある。6倍より大きい場合、かえって糸切れ等の原因となることがある。延伸によりポリマーの配向を向上させた繊維は、その緻密性を向上させるため乾燥することができる。さらに、接着抑制等の目的に応じて油剤を付与したり、配向度をさらに上げるために、乾熱延伸したり、スチーム中での延伸等も適宜適用することが出来る。用いる油剤の種類や延伸方法については特に限定されるものではなく。工程もどこに配置しても問題ない。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下実施例をあげて本発明の効果を具体的に説明する。さらに、実施例中に行うポリマー粘度、モノマー濃度、ゲル量、ポリマー粘度、凝固繊維伸度の値は以下の方法により測定した。
(ポリマー粘度)
紡糸原液を、恒温槽中にて液温を45℃とし、B型粘度計にて測定した。
(紡糸原液中モノマー濃度)
溶媒としてジメチルスルホキシドを用いて紡糸原液のポリマー濃度を1重量%に調整し、かかる溶液を密栓した容器に入れ、25℃に恒温した。容器内の気層部のガスをマイクロシリンジを用いて3マイクロリットル採取しガスクロマトグラフに注入し測定し、得られた結果から検量線を用いて紡糸原液中のモノマー濃度を算出した。本実施例では、ガスクロマトグラフとして日立製作所製 163型を用いた。
(凝固浴液中モノマー濃度)
凝固浴液をマイクロシリンジを用いて1マイクロリットル採取しガスクロマトグラフに注入し測定した。得られた結果から検量線を用いて凝固浴液中のモノマー濃度を算出した。本実施例ではガスクロマトグラフとして日立製作所製 263−50型を用いた。
(ゲル量)
溶媒としてジメチルスルホキシドを用いて紡糸原液のポリマー濃度を4重量%に調整し、かかる溶液を目開きが1μmのガラス繊維濾紙を用いて吸引濾過した。濾過後のガラス繊維濾紙を紫外線蛍光ランプを照射し、白色または青白く発光する異物をゲルとしてカウントした。かかるゲルの個数を紡糸原液1kg当たりに換算した。
(凝固繊維伸度)
インストロン4201型万能試験機にて、引張速度500mm/分、糸長50mm(L)にて引張試験を行った。その際、クロスヘッド部の移動距離(W)から以下の式(1)により算出した。
【0033】
凝固糸伸度(%)=W/L×100    (1)
(実施例1)
アクリロニトリル99.5mol%、イタコン酸0.5mol%を、アゾイソブチロニトリルを重合開始剤、ジメチルスルホキシドを溶媒として80℃にて8時間溶液重合を行い重合率85%に到達した時点で重合を終了させ、重合体溶液を得た。
【0034】
得られた重合体溶液のモノマー濃度は2.2重量%、ポリマー濃度19.3重量%であった。かかる重合体溶液を、11Torrに減圧した脱気槽内へ薄膜の状態で供給し、重合体溶液に含まれる未反応モノマーの一部をフラッシュ蒸発することで、未反応モノマーを0.7重量%含むポリマー濃度20.8重量%の紡糸原液とした。得られた紡糸原液中のゲル量および80℃にて3日間放置後の紡糸原液中のゲル量を表2にまとめた。
【0035】
かかる紡糸原液を、12,000ホールの口金を介し、溶剤としてジメチルスルホキシドを55重量%含む、温度60℃の凝固浴液に吐出し、ドラフト0.7にて湿式紡糸した。
【0036】
凝固浴からあふれ出た凝固浴液をタンクに貯蔵し、ポンプにて蒸留装置に送液した。蒸留装置にて150Torrの減圧度にてモノマー量が0.015重量%になるまで減少させてからポンプにて先ほどと別のタンクに送液した。得られた処理液中の溶剤濃度は57重量%であった。タンクからポンプにて凝固浴に処理液を送液する際、水を処理液に添加し、処理液中の溶剤濃度を55重量%となる様に調整したのち、凝固浴に送液し、凝固浴液中のモノマーの濃度は0.08重量%となるように調節した。凝固浴液から取り出された凝固繊維を、95℃の熱水浴にて5倍に延伸し、さらに、60℃の浴中にて糸条に残っている溶剤を洗浄した。得られた洗浄糸に、アミノ変性シリコーンを主成分とする油剤を付与し、感熱ローラー上にて乾燥させた。乾燥糸を、さらにスチーム延伸装置にて2.5倍にて延伸し、その際に付着した水分を乾燥させるため、さらに感熱ローラーにて乾燥させて巻き取った。得られた結果を表1にまとめる。凝固浴液面から高さ170cmの雰囲気濃度は低レベルとすることができ、各工程を通して、糸切れは発生せず操業性は良好であった。
(実施例2,3)
処理液の流量を変更することにより、凝固浴液中のモノマー量を表1に示す範囲に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件にて湿式紡糸した。
【0037】
得られた結果、本発明のモノマー濃度の範囲において、凝固浴液面から高さ170cmの雰囲気濃度は低レベルとすることができ、操業性が悪化することなく湿式紡糸することが出来た。
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様に重合を行った後、得られたポリマー溶液を脱気槽内にて10Torrの減圧下、加熱によりジメチルスルホキシドの蒸気を交流にて接触させることにより、モノマー濃度が0.02重量%、ポリマー濃度が20.3重量%の紡糸原液を得た。得られた紡糸原液の特性を表2にまとめる。実施例1に比べモノマー濃度が低く、3日後の紡糸原液中のゲル量は多くなった。
【0038】
かかる紡糸原液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、湿式紡糸した。表1に示す通り、凝固浴液面から高さ170cmの雰囲気濃度は低レベルとすることができたものの、実施例1に比べると凝固糸の伸度が低下し紡糸直後の糸切れ、7日間経過後の糸切れが増加した。
(比較例2)
凝固浴からオーバーフローする凝固浴液をタンクに貯蔵し、減圧処理することなく溶剤濃度を補正するために水を添加したのみの液を凝固浴に送液したことを除いて、実施例1と同様に湿式紡糸した。その際の凝固浴液中のモノマー濃度は1.5重量%であった。得られた結果を表1にまとめる。実施例1に比べ糸切れは変わらず紡糸できたが、凝固浴液面から高さ170cmの位置の雰囲気中のモノマー濃度は上がった。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 2004091943
【0040】
【表2】
Figure 2004091943
【0041】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法を用いることにより、作業環境を悪化させる原因となるモノマーの大気中への飛散を抑制しつつ、操業性良くアクリル系繊維を製造することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】
【符号の説明】
1:紡糸原液
2:凝固浴
3:凝固浴液
4:オーバーフローした凝固浴液
5:凝固液回収ピット
6:ポンプA
7:回収用タンク
8:ポンプB
9:蒸留装置
10:処理液貯液用タンク
11:ポンプC
12:溶剤/可塑剤/水
13:ドレン
14:スチーム
15:ミキサー
16:溶剤濃度計
17:凝固ピット
18:ポンプD
19:温度計[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an acrylic fiber. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing an acrylic fiber excellent in long-term operability while suppressing discharge of monomers into the atmosphere.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is well known that acrylic fibers are used in many applications including clothing. In recent years, it has been used as a precursor fiber for producing carbon fiber. Since the carbon fiber has excellent specific strength and specific elastic modulus, its use as a reinforcing fiber for sports equipment, aircraft structural materials, and the like has been widened.
[0003]
Acrylic fibers can be obtained by wet or dry-wet spinning polyacrylonitrile obtained by polymerizing a monomer represented by acrylonitrile. At the time of polymerization, the reaction rate decreases as the viscosity increases with the progress of the reaction, and it is difficult to completely react a monomer such as acrylonitrile. Generally, the monomer remains in the obtained polymer. Further, it is possible to remove the remaining monomer by a method such as exposure to reduced pressure, but it is difficult to completely remove the spinning solution containing the polymer because of its high viscosity. If the spinning is carried out while the monomer remains in the polymer, it may accumulate in a coagulation bath or the like and deteriorate the working environment, which is not preferable.
[0004]
JP-A-2000-44606 discloses a technique relating to a purified acrylic polymer from which the monomer has been removed in order to suppress the scattering of the monomer. However, this method requires a special device for removing the monomer from the high-viscosity polymer stock solution, and furthermore, according to the study of the present inventors, it is not sufficient in terms of operability such as occurrence of yarn breakage after spinning. Was.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, an object of the present invention is to achieve good operability while suppressing the monomer in a spinning dope that is accumulated in a coagulation bath or the like and deteriorates the working environment, from scattering into the atmosphere.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has the following configuration in order to solve such a problem. That is, the amount of monomer in the coagulation bath liquid discharged from the coagulation bath is reduced by distillation under reduced pressure, and is then supplied again to the coagulation bath. This is a method for producing an acrylic fiber in which a stock spinning solution having a concentration of 0.05 to 2% by weight is discharged into the coagulation bath solution to form coagulated fibers.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention, as a result of intensive studies on the above-mentioned problem, that is, the proposition of suppressing the scattering of monomers into the atmosphere and achieving better operability, as a result of passing through a coagulation bath liquid having a controlled component concentration. We have found that this problem can be solved.
[0008]
In the present invention, the monomer refers to a monomer that can be used when polymerizing acrylonitrile and a monomer that is not incorporated into the polymer by the polymerization. Such monomers include acrylonitrile and other comonomers copolymerizable therewith. As the comonomer, any compound having an ethylenic double bond can be used without any particular problem. Specifically, unsaturated organic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and itaconic acid and esters thereof such as methyl and ethyl Alternatively, examples thereof include salts, and unsaturated amide compounds such as acrylamide.
[0009]
Considering the characteristics of the obtained carbon fiber, the compounding amount preferably contains 95% by weight or more of acrylonitrile.
[0010]
The polymerization method to be used can be used without any particular limitation such as solution polymerization and suspension polymerization, but from the viewpoint of productivity, solution polymerization is preferred. The solvent, initiator and the like in the polymerization are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected and used.
[0011]
A solution obtained by dissolving a polymer obtained by polymerization in a solvent can be used as a spinning solution for subsequent spinning. The solvent used is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve polyacrylonitrile, but examples thereof include organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide, aqueous zinc chloride, aqueous nitric acid, aqueous rhodasoda, and the like. Examples include aqueous solutions of inorganic solvents. In the case of solution polymerization, it is preferable to use the solvent used for the polymerization as it is from the viewpoint of productivity.
[0012]
In the present invention, it is necessary that the monomer concentration in the spinning dope is 0.05 to 2% by weight.
[0013]
When the monomer concentration is less than 0.05% by weight, high pressure and high temperature are required to remove the monomer, operability such as thread breakage is reduced, and the properties of the polymer are affected. Although the clear cause is unknown, it is considered to be for the following reasons.
[0014]
It is considered that when the monomer enters the polymer molecule obtained by the polymerization, the interaction between the molecules is reduced, and there is an effect of loosening each molecule. Therefore, it is considered that by decreasing the concentration, each molecule is easily aggregated, and thus easily gelated, the amount of gel is increased, which may cause clogging in a mouthpiece and a decrease in elongation of a coagulated fiber described later. . In consideration of the deterioration of the working environment due to scattering into the atmosphere, it is better to remove the monomer, but it is preferable not to remove too much from the viewpoint of operability.
[0015]
On the other hand, when the amount of the monomer is 2% by weight or more, the monomer remains in the coagulation bath liquid and easily scatters.
[0016]
The viscosity of the spinning solution at 45 ° C. is preferably 50 to 100 Pa · s, and more preferably 60 to 80 Pa · s. If the viscosity is less than 50 Pa · s, single yarn breakage immediately after the spinneret frequently occurs and adversely affects the spinnability, and the solvent concentration in the yarn increases, so that the adhesion between the single fibers after the drawing step occurs and the physical properties decrease. May be invited. On the other hand, when it is larger than 100 Pa · s, the back pressure of the base increases, which may cause deformation of the base.
[0017]
It can be preferably used by appropriately adjusting the intrinsic viscosity and the stock solution viscosity of the polymer to fall within predetermined ranges. Specifically, the intrinsic viscosity is preferably 1.5 to 2.0, and more preferably 1.6 to 1.8.
[0018]
If the polymer concentration is 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 15 to 25% by weight, there is often no problem regarding the elongation of the coagulated fiber described later.
[0019]
The method for spinning acrylic fibers in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a wet or dry-wet spinning method can be suitably used. With these spinning methods, the above-mentioned spinning stock solution is formed into a fibrous form by passing through a die, and is directly discharged into a coagulation bath solution or once in the air, and then passed through the coagulation bath solution. This is a method of coagulating into fibers. In general, a liquid containing a solvent and a plasticizer for polyacrylonitrile is used as the coagulation bath liquid. In the present invention, however, it is necessary to further contain a monomer in a concentration of 0.001 to 1% by weight. is there. If the monomer concentration is less than 0.001% by weight, yarn breakage or the like occurs in the subsequent steps, which lowers the operability, which is not preferable. It is considered that the reason for this is that, similarly to the monomer in the spinning solution, the monomer in the coagulation bath reduces the interaction between polymer molecules and suppresses aggregation of each molecule. On the other hand, when the content is 1% by weight or more, the scattering of the monomer into the air is undesirably increased.
[0020]
As the solvent used for the coagulation bath solution, any solvent can be used as long as it can dissolve polyacrylonitrile, and the same solvent as the solvent in the spinning solution can be used. It is preferable to use water as a plasticizer from the viewpoint of productivity. The concentration of the solvent contained in the coagulation bath liquid cannot be determined unconditionally because the elongation of the obtained coagulated fiber varies depending on the type and the mixing ratio of the solvent and the plasticizer in the coagulation bath, but it cannot be said unconditionally. If so, there is often no problem.
[0021]
The temperature of the coagulation bath solution is often in the range of 0 to 70 ° C., and is appropriately determined by the denseness of the coagulated fiber, cross-sectional shape, and the like.
[0022]
As one of the factors affecting the elongation of the coagulated fiber, there is also a ratio between the speed at which the yarn is drawn from the coagulation bath liquid and the discharge speed (hereinafter referred to as spinning draft). By performing the spinning draft at 0.1 to 2.0, preferably 0.3 to 1.8, the obtained coagulated fiber often has no problem in elongation. If the spinning draft is less than 0.3, the yarn may be loosened in the coagulation bath, causing entanglement of the yarn and the like, causing yarn pain in the subsequent steps. Conversely, if it is larger than 1.0, it means that it is stretched in the coagulation bath, and the elongation of the obtained coagulated fiber may be reduced. The diameter of the spinneret used and the speed of taking out from the coagulation bath can be adjusted so that the spinning draft falls within the above range.
[0023]
In order to strictly control the composition of the coagulation bath solution, each of the solvent, water and monomer can be added to the coagulation bath.
[0024]
From the viewpoint of productivity, an example of the production method of the present invention using a preferred method of controlling a coagulation bath liquid will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 showing an example of a flow chart of the method for producing an acrylic fiber of the present invention. .
[0025]
The liquid overflowing from the coagulation bath 2 by discharging the spinning solution 1 is subjected to distillation under reduced pressure to remove the monomer, and by returning to the coagulation bath 2, the concentration of the coagulation bath can be controlled without lowering the productivity. is there.
[0026]
The coagulation bath liquid 4 overflowing the coagulation bath 2 is stored in a coagulation bath liquid collection pit 5. The coagulation bath liquid recovery pit 5 for storing the coagulation bath liquid is preferably a closed type from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of monomer discharged into the atmosphere. The liquid sent to the coagulation bath liquid collecting pit 5 is sent to a collecting tank 7 using a pump A6 and stored therein. The stored liquid is supplied to a distillation apparatus 9 having a vacuum degree of preferably 100 to 300 Torr using, for example, a pump B8, and a distillation treatment is performed so that the monomer concentration becomes 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight. . Although the monomer concentration in the liquid is reduced by the distillation operation, the rate decreases with the progress of the distillation. Therefore, when the purpose is to adjust the monomer concentration in the coagulation bath solution, if the concentration is set to about 0.0001% by weight, Sufficient and if the distillation proceeds further, the productivity may decrease. Conversely, if it is more than 0.1% by weight, the dilution efficiency is reduced, and it is necessary to send a large amount of the processing solution to the coagulation bath in order to adjust the concentration of the coagulation bath, which may also reduce the productivity. . The processing liquid subjected to the distillation processing is supplied from the distillation apparatus to the processing liquid storage tank 10 and stored therein. The processing liquid stored in the processing liquid storage tank is supplied to the coagulation pit 17 using a pump C11, and is supplied to a coagulation bath using a pump D18.
[0027]
During these steps, the solvent and the plasticizer are also scattered by the reduced pressure treatment, and the concentration changes. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the solvent concentration to the concentration of the coagulation bath solution before supplying the solution to the coagulation bath solution. Is preferred in that it can be easily controlled. Furthermore, since the temperature of the processing liquid in the processing liquid storage tank 10 decreases after the decompression treatment, it is easy to control the coagulation bath conditions by supplying the processing liquid to the coagulation bath after adjusting the temperature of the processing liquid to the temperature of the coagulation bath. It is preferred in that respect.
[0028]
When the treatment liquid subjected to the distillation treatment is supplied again to the coagulation bath 2, the flow rate of the treatment liquid is appropriately determined so that the monomer concentration in the coagulation bath liquid 3 falls within a predetermined range.
[0029]
By strictly controlling the composition of the coagulation bath liquid 3 as described above, the elongation of the obtained coagulated fiber can be made 150% or more. A more preferred range is 200% or more. When the elongation is less than 150%, the single fibers are cut due to a stress difference generated in the single fibers in the bundle when the fibers are drawn by a roller or the like in the subsequent steps, and fluffs are generated. Sometimes. Conversely, it is not always better if the elongation of the coagulated fiber is inexhaustibly high.If the elongation is too high, it means that coagulation is insufficient, and the subsequent steps are routed in such a state. In some cases, adhesion between single fibers may be caused.
[0030]
In the present invention, the elongation of the coagulated fiber can be determined by conducting a tensile test using an appropriate universal testing machine or material testing machine of a type capable of keeping the crosshead moving speed constant. An example of such a tester is Instron (registered trademark). More specifically, the value obtained by dividing the displacement of the crosshead unit until the load reaches the maximum by the sample length and displaying the value in% is shown.
[0031]
The obtained coagulated fiber may be washed with water and / or stretched after being withdrawn from the coagulation bath. That is, it is possible to wash the solvent or the like in the coagulated fiber by washing with water or to perform stretching to improve the degree of orientation and strength of the polymer. Such stretching may be performed in hot water. As these steps, stretching may be performed after washing with water, or vice versa. The magnification in the stretching step in hot water is preferably about 1.5 to 6 times. If the ratio is less than 1.5 times, the orientation of the fibers is insufficient and the strength is reduced, so that a problem such as fluffing may occur in a step such as post-treatment. If it is larger than 6 times, the thread may be broken. The fiber in which the orientation of the polymer has been improved by drawing can be dried to improve its denseness. Furthermore, in order to apply an oil agent or to further increase the degree of orientation according to the purpose of suppressing adhesion or the like, dry heat stretching or stretching in steam can be appropriately applied. The type of the oil agent and the stretching method are not particularly limited. It does not matter where the process is located.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. Furthermore, the values of polymer viscosity, monomer concentration, gel amount, polymer viscosity, and coagulated fiber elongation performed in the examples were measured by the following methods.
(Polymer viscosity)
The spinning dope was measured in a thermostat at a liquid temperature of 45 ° C. using a B-type viscometer.
(Monomer concentration in spinning stock solution)
The polymer concentration of the stock solution for spinning was adjusted to 1% by weight using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, and the solution was placed in a tightly closed container and kept at a constant temperature of 25 ° C. Using a microsyringe, 3 microliters of the gas in the gas layer in the container was sampled, injected into a gas chromatograph, and measured. From the obtained results, the monomer concentration in the spinning solution was calculated using a calibration curve. In this embodiment, a type 163 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. was used as a gas chromatograph.
(Monomer concentration in coagulation bath liquid)
One microliter of the coagulation bath solution was collected using a microsyringe, injected into a gas chromatograph, and measured. From the obtained results, the monomer concentration in the coagulation bath solution was calculated using a calibration curve. In the present embodiment, Model 263-50 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. was used as a gas chromatograph.
(Gel amount)
The polymer concentration of the spinning stock solution was adjusted to 4% by weight using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, and the solution was suction-filtered using a glass fiber filter paper having an opening of 1 μm. The glass fiber filter paper after filtration was irradiated with an ultraviolet fluorescent lamp, and foreign substances emitting white or pale light were counted as gel. The number of such gels was converted per kg of the spinning stock solution.
(Coagulated fiber elongation)
A tensile test was performed with an Instron 4201 universal testing machine at a tensile speed of 500 mm / min and a yarn length of 50 mm (L). At that time, it was calculated from the moving distance (W) of the crosshead part by the following equation (1).
[0033]
Coagulated yarn elongation (%) = W / L × 100 (1)
(Example 1)
99.5 mol% of acrylonitrile, 0.5 mol% of itaconic acid, azoisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator and dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent were subjected to solution polymerization at 80 ° C. for 8 hours. When the polymerization reached 85%, the polymerization was started. The procedure was terminated to obtain a polymer solution.
[0034]
The monomer concentration of the obtained polymer solution was 2.2% by weight, and the polymer concentration was 19.3% by weight. The polymer solution is supplied in the form of a thin film into a degassing tank decompressed to 11 Torr, and a part of the unreacted monomer contained in the polymer solution is flash-evaporated to reduce the unreacted monomer to 0.7% by weight. A spinning solution having a polymer concentration of 20.8% by weight was obtained. Table 2 summarizes the amount of gel in the obtained spinning dope and the amount of gel in the spinning dope after left at 80 ° C. for 3 days.
[0035]
The undiluted spinning solution was discharged through a 12,000-hole die into a coagulation bath containing 60% by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent at a temperature of 60 ° C., and wet-spun in a draft of 0.7.
[0036]
The coagulation bath liquid overflowing from the coagulation bath was stored in a tank, and sent to a distillation apparatus by a pump. The amount of the monomer was reduced to 0.015% by weight at a reduced pressure of 150 Torr by a distillation apparatus, and then sent to another tank by a pump. The solvent concentration in the obtained processing solution was 57% by weight. When the processing liquid is sent from the tank to the coagulation bath by a pump, water is added to the processing liquid, the solvent concentration in the processing liquid is adjusted to be 55% by weight, and then the liquid is sent to the coagulation bath to coagulate. The concentration of the monomer in the bath was adjusted to be 0.08% by weight. The coagulated fiber taken out of the coagulation bath solution was drawn 5 times in a hot water bath at 95 ° C, and the solvent remaining on the yarn was washed in a bath at 60 ° C. An oil agent containing amino-modified silicone as a main component was applied to the obtained washed yarn, and dried on a heat-sensitive roller. The dried yarn was further stretched by a factor of 2.5 with a steam stretching device, and further dried with a heat-sensitive roller and wound up in order to dry the water adhered at that time. The results obtained are summarized in Table 1. The atmosphere concentration at a height of 170 cm from the liquid surface of the coagulation bath could be kept at a low level. Throughout each step, no thread breakage occurred and the operability was good.
(Examples 2 and 3)
Wet spinning was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the amount of the monomer in the coagulation bath solution was changed to the range shown in Table 1 by changing the flow rate of the treatment liquid.
[0037]
As a result, within the range of the monomer concentration of the present invention, the concentration of the atmosphere at a height of 170 cm from the liquid surface of the coagulation bath could be kept at a low level, and the wet spinning could be performed without deteriorating the operability.
(Comparative Example 1)
After polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, the obtained polymer solution was heated in a degassing tank at a reduced pressure of 10 Torr to bring dimethyl sulfoxide vapor into contact with an alternating current, so that the monomer concentration was 0.02. By weight, a spinning dope having a polymer concentration of 20.3% by weight was obtained. The properties of the obtained spinning dope are summarized in Table 2. The monomer concentration was lower than in Example 1, and the gel amount in the spinning dope after 3 days was large.
[0038]
The wet spinning was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that such a spinning solution was used. As shown in Table 1, although the atmosphere concentration at a height of 170 cm from the liquid surface of the coagulation bath could be reduced to a low level, the elongation of the coagulated yarn was lower than that in Example 1 and the yarn was broken immediately after spinning, and 7 days Thread breakage after the passage increased.
(Comparative Example 2)
Same as Example 1 except that the coagulation bath liquid overflowing from the coagulation bath was stored in a tank, and a liquid to which only water was added to correct the solvent concentration was sent to the coagulation bath without decompression treatment. Was wet-spun. At that time, the monomer concentration in the coagulation bath solution was 1.5% by weight. The results obtained are summarized in Table 1. Although the yarn could be spun without changing the yarn breakage as compared with Example 1, the monomer concentration in the atmosphere at a height of 170 cm from the liquid surface of the coagulation bath increased.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004091943
[0040]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004091943
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
By using the method of the present invention, it is possible to produce acrylic fibers with good operability while suppressing the scattering of monomers that cause a deterioration in the working environment into the air.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: spinning stock solution 2: coagulation bath 3: coagulation bath solution 4: overflowed coagulation bath solution 5: coagulation solution recovery pit 6: pump A
7: Recovery tank 8: Pump B
9: Distillation apparatus 10: Processing liquid storage tank 11: Pump C
12: solvent / plasticizer / water 13: drain 14: steam 15: mixer 16: solvent concentration meter 17: solidification pit 18: pump D
19: Thermometer

Claims (6)

凝固浴から排出される凝固浴液のモノマー量を減圧蒸留によって減少させた処理液を、再び凝固浴に供給することで、凝固浴液のモノマー濃度を0.001〜1重量%に制御しつつ、モノマー濃度が0.05〜2重量%である紡糸原液を該凝固浴液に吐出し凝固繊維となすアクリル系繊維の製造方法。The treatment liquid obtained by reducing the amount of monomer in the coagulation bath liquid discharged from the coagulation bath by distillation under reduced pressure is supplied again to the coagulation bath, thereby controlling the monomer concentration of the coagulation bath liquid to 0.001 to 1% by weight. And a method for producing an acrylic fiber, wherein a stock solution for spinning having a monomer concentration of 0.05 to 2% by weight is discharged into the coagulation bath solution to form coagulated fibers. 前記凝固浴液が溶剤および水を含み、かつ該凝固浴液の温度が0〜70℃である請求項1のアクリル系炭素繊維の製造方法。The method for producing acrylic carbon fibers according to claim 1, wherein the coagulation bath solution contains a solvent and water, and the temperature of the coagulation bath solution is 0 to 70C. 凝固浴液中の溶剤濃度が25〜60重量%である請求項2記載のアクリル系繊維の製造方法。The method for producing an acrylic fiber according to claim 2, wherein the solvent concentration in the coagulation bath solution is 25 to 60% by weight. 凝固浴液に再供給する前記処理液中の溶剤濃度および温度が凝固浴液のそれと同じ請求2または3記載のアクリル系繊維の製造方法。The method for producing an acrylic fiber according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the solvent concentration and the temperature in the treatment liquid resupplied to the coagulation bath liquid are the same as those of the coagulation bath liquid. 前記凝固繊維の引張り伸度が150%以上である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のアクリル系繊維の製造方法。The method for producing an acrylic fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a tensile elongation of the coagulated fiber is 150% or more. 前記凝固繊維を水洗および/または延伸する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のアクリル系繊維の製造方法。The method for producing an acrylic fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coagulated fiber is washed and / or stretched.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007122684A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-11-01 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Process for producing low-oxygen metal powder
KR101490529B1 (en) 2009-12-31 2015-02-05 주식회사 효성 Preparation method of polyacrylonitrile precursor based carbon Fiber
CN109032227A (en) * 2018-10-19 2018-12-18 山东大学 A kind of coagulating bath concentration self-control device
WO2020045183A1 (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 日本エクスラン工業株式会社 Acrylonitrile-based fiber, pile fabric containing said fiber, and fiber product containing said fabric
KR102696182B1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2024-08-20 주식회사 엘지화학 Method for preparing acrylonitrile based fiber and system for preparing acrylonitrile based fiber

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007122684A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-11-01 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Process for producing low-oxygen metal powder
US8012235B2 (en) 2006-04-14 2011-09-06 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Process for producing low-oxygen metal powder
KR101490529B1 (en) 2009-12-31 2015-02-05 주식회사 효성 Preparation method of polyacrylonitrile precursor based carbon Fiber
WO2020045183A1 (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 日本エクスラン工業株式会社 Acrylonitrile-based fiber, pile fabric containing said fiber, and fiber product containing said fabric
CN109032227A (en) * 2018-10-19 2018-12-18 山东大学 A kind of coagulating bath concentration self-control device
KR102696182B1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2024-08-20 주식회사 엘지화학 Method for preparing acrylonitrile based fiber and system for preparing acrylonitrile based fiber

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