JP2004076494A - Building material having environment improving function and manufacturing method for the material - Google Patents

Building material having environment improving function and manufacturing method for the material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004076494A
JP2004076494A JP2002240797A JP2002240797A JP2004076494A JP 2004076494 A JP2004076494 A JP 2004076494A JP 2002240797 A JP2002240797 A JP 2002240797A JP 2002240797 A JP2002240797 A JP 2002240797A JP 2004076494 A JP2004076494 A JP 2004076494A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
humidity control
titanium oxide
building material
function
fine particles
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JP2002240797A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3848605B2 (en
Inventor
Shigeo Yoshida
吉田 繁夫
Satoshi Kitagawa
北川 聡
Mitsuhiro Matsuda
松田 充弘
Noriyuki Ishida
石田 則之
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Dai Nippon Toryo KK
Panasonic Homes Co Ltd
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Dai Nippon Toryo KK
Panahome Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building material with a superior environment improving function by efficiently exhibiting the photocatalyst function of a titanium oxide over a long period of time. <P>SOLUTION: This building material 10 has the function for improving an air environment of a construction space, and has a humidity conditioning base material 12 having at least a porous surface and the humidity conditioning function and titanium oxide particulates 20 carried in a port 14 of a porous structure existing on the surface of the humidity conditioning base material 12 without interposing a binder and having the photocatalyst function. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、環境改善機能を有する建材およびその製造方法に関し、詳しくは、住宅の室内壁面などに施工されたときに、室内空間の空気環境に対して、湿度の調整や臭いの除去、有害ガス成分の除去など、環境を改善する機能を発揮することができる建材と、このような建材を製造する方法とを対象にしている。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
住宅の室内壁面に施工される内装仕上げ材として、珪藻土などの調湿材を含有する調湿建材を使用することが行われている。調湿建材は、室内環境の空気中に過剰の湿気が含まれているときには、空気中の湿気を吸湿保持することで、室内環境の湿度を下げ、室内環境が乾燥してくると、吸湿保持した水分を環境中に放出することで環境の湿度を上げる作用がある。その結果、室内環境は一定の湿度範囲に調整され、居住者にとって快適な湿度環境が維持できる。
調湿建材に含まれる調湿材として、ホルムアルデヒドやアンモニアなどを吸着する機能のある材料を使用すると、室内に設置された家具や壁紙などから放出されシックハウス症候群の原因になるとされている揮発ガス成分を、調湿建材に吸着して、室内環境から除去することができる。調湿建材に、脱臭機能を持たせることもできる。
【0003】
さらに、内装仕上げ材となるタイルや塗料に、光触媒機能を有する酸化チタンを配合しておく技術も知られている。酸化チタンの光触媒機能は、表面に付着した有機物などを分解することができ、前記した揮発ガス成分を分解して、無害な物質に変えることができる。
前記した調湿建材の材料に酸化チタンを配合しておくこと技術も提案されている。調湿建材に含まれる調湿材で、臭い成分や揮発ガス成分を効率的に吸着保持したあと、これらの吸着成分を酸化チタンが分解してしまえば、吸着成分で調湿材が飽和してしまうことがなく、長期間にわたって室内環境を良好に維持できるとされている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、前記した従来における酸化チタンの利用技術では、酸化チタンが有する有害物質の分解作用が十分に発揮できないという問題がある。
その理由として、酸化チタンに光触媒機能を発揮させるには、光が十分に当たる必要があるのに対し、例えば、調湿建材に配合された酸化チタンは、調湿建材の材料で覆われてしまって、光との接触が十分に行われないことがある。酸化チタンを含有する塗料を、壁面や建材の表面に塗工する技術でも、酸化チタンが塗膜成分に覆われてしまって、酸化チタンに光が十分に当たらない。酸化チタンが塗膜などで覆われると、光が当たり難いだけでなく、酸化チタンが対象物質と接触することも阻害されて分解作用も損なわれる。さらに、酸化チタン含有塗料を調湿建材の表面に塗工すると、調湿建材の調湿材と外気との接触あるいは湿気の流通を、塗工膜が阻害してしまい、調湿機能そのものも低下してしまうことがある。
【0005】
酸化チタンの微粒子を直接に、建材や壁面に付着させるようにすれば、酸化チタンへの光の接触は良好に行えるが、経時的に酸化チタンの微粒子が脱落してしまい、酸化チタンによる光触媒機能が直ぐに無くなってしまう。長期間にわたる環境改善性能が要求される建材の場合、実用性に劣るものである。
本発明の課題は、前記した酸化チタンの光触媒機能を、長期間にわたって効率的に発揮させて、環境改善機能に優れた建材を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明にかかる環境改善機能を有する建材は、施工空間の空気環境を改善する機能を有する建材であって、多孔質材料からなり、調湿機能を有する調湿基材と、前記調湿基材の表面に存在する多孔質構造の細孔に、バインダーを介さずに担持された、光触媒機能を有する酸化チタン微粒子とを備える。
〔調湿基材〕
通常の建築施工に利用されている調湿機能を有する建材と同様の材料および構造が採用できる。但し、少なくとも表面に多孔質構造を有するものを使用する。
【0007】
多孔質構造を有する調湿基材の具体例としては、珪藻土などの調湿材を含有する調湿タイル、調湿石膏ボード、調湿セメントボード、ケイカル板などが挙げられる。
調湿基材は、材料そのものが多孔質構造で調湿機能を有する材料からなるものであってもよいし、基材の材料自体は調湿機能を有さないが、そこに調湿機能に優れた調湿材を配合することで多孔質構造になり調湿機能を発揮するものであってもよい。調湿機能を有しない材料層と、調湿機能を有する多孔質材料層とを積層したり貼り合わせたりしたものであってもよい。調湿機能は有するが表面が多孔質構造ではない調湿材や調湿基材は、本発明の調湿基材には使用できない。
【0008】
調湿建材は、少なくとも酸化チタン微粒子を担持する表面が、多孔質構造である。酸化チタン微粒子の担持領域よりも内部側は、多孔質構造でなくても構わないが、調湿機能や吸着機能を効果的に発揮させるためには、多孔質構造であることが望ましい。
調湿基材は、調湿材などの原料を成形硬化させたものであってもよいし、成形物をさらに焼成したものであってもよい。調湿基材の原料には、調湿材のほかに、粘土、石膏や漆喰、セメントなどの水硬性無機材料、その他の各種バインダー成分、着色成分、ガラス、硬化調整剤などを配合しておくことができる。調湿材と成形硬化成分とを兼用できる材料もある。但し、多孔質構造の形成を阻害したり細孔を埋めてしまったりする材料は好ましくないので、そのような材料は配合量を制限することが望ましい。調湿基材の原料を造粒し、得られた造粒物をプレス成形することもできる。
【0009】
調湿基材は、表面の透水度(JIS A5403−24時間透水)が1000g/m以上であるものが好ましく、2000g/m以上であるものがより好ましい。透水度が低過ぎると、酸化チタン微粒子の担持処理が行い難く、安定的に担持させておくことが難しい。透水度が高いと、後述する酸化チタン生成液が、細孔内部まで浸透して、細孔の奥にまで酸化チタン微粒子を担持させることが行い易い。その結果、耐久性に優れた酸化チタン担持構造が得られる。
調湿基材は、吸放湿量100g/m以上であり、吸湿速度15g/m・h以上であるものが好ましい。
【0010】
<調湿材>
調湿基材に調湿機能を与える調湿材としては、通常の調湿建材と同様の調湿材が使用できる。
調湿材の具体例として、珪藻土、珪質頁岩、アロフェン、イモゴライト、酸性白土、セオイオライト、ゼオライト、珪酸カルシウム、シリカゲル、ベントナイト、モンモリロナイト、炭類などが挙げられる。珪質頁岩は、細孔容積が大きく吸放湿性に優れた材料である。複数の調湿材を組み合わせることもできる。
調湿材の多孔質構造として、平均細孔半径が20〜100Åで比表面積が20〜200m/gのものが好ましく、さらには20〜60Åで比表面積が20〜200m/gのものが好ましい。
【0011】
調湿材は、調湿基材の全体に対して20〜95重量%を含有させておくことができる。
<化粧層>
調湿基材の表層部には、外観上の意匠性や表面質感などを向上させる化粧層を配置しておくことができる。化粧層は、調湿基材の本体と同様の材料で形成したり、本体と同様の材料に、着色剤などを添加した材料で形成したりすることができる。
化粧層は、調湿基材の材料と化粧層の材料を積層成形したり、同時焼成したりして形成できる。調湿基材を製造した後、その表面に化粧層の材料を積層したり塗工したりし、乾燥硬化や焼成によって、化粧層を一体化させることができる。
【0012】
調湿基材が化粧層を備えている場合、化粧層の表面に多孔質構造を備えている必要がある。また、化粧層の多孔質構造に酸化チタン微粒子が担持され易くするため、透水度が優れていることが望ましい。前記した調湿基材の好ましい透水度条件は、化粧層にも適用される。化粧層を有する調湿基材も、前記した吸放湿量および吸湿速度の条件を満足していることが望ましい。
〔酸化チタン微粒子〕
酸化チタンは、光触媒機能を有効に発揮できるものであれば、その化学構造および結晶構造などは、特に限定されない。
【0013】
酸化チタン微粒子は、その結晶構造によって、光触媒機能に違いが生じる。ルチル型よりもアナターゼ型のTiO結晶が、光触媒機能に優れている。
酸化チタン微粒子は、調湿基材の表面に存在する多孔質構造の細孔に担持される。
したがって、酸化チタン微粒子の粒径は、細孔径よりも小さいか同じ程度までである。具体的には、酸化チタン微粒子の粒径は、1nm〜1μmの範囲に設定できる。粒径が小さいほど、調湿基材の微細な細孔にも担持され易いが、粒径が小さ過ぎると、細孔から脱落したり、製造および取り扱いが難しくなったりする。酸化チタン微粒子は、細孔内に、単層で担持されていてもよいし、複層に担持されていてもよい。
【0014】
調湿建材の表面に当たる光が、酸化チタン微粒子に効率的に照射されるように、調湿建材の表面近くに酸化チタン微粒子が担持されていることが望ましい。
調湿建材の表面積当たりに存在する酸化チタン微粒子の量が多いほど、光触媒機能が発揮できるが、酸化チタン微粒子の量を増やすとコストが高くつく割に性能向上が少ない。通常は、酸化チタン微粒子が0.1〜15g/mの割合で存在するようにしておく。
調湿建材の表面には、多数の細孔が開口しており、そのうちの一部または全部に酸化チタン微粒子が収容される。酸化チタン微粒子が存在しない細孔があっても構わない。細孔は、酸化チタン微粒子で塞がれていてもよいが、酸化チタン微粒子が担持された状態でも細孔の奥側が外部と通気可能であれば、細孔による調湿機能などが良好に果たされ、酸化チタン微粒子による有機物等の光分解作用も生じ易くなる。水分やガスは、調湿基材の細孔だけでなく材料自体にも吸収されるので、酸化チタン微粒子が細孔を塞いでいても、調湿基材の調湿機能や吸着機能は発揮できる。
【0015】
<酸化チタン微粒子の担持方法>
酸化チタン微粒子は、予め粉体状に調製されたものを、調湿建材の表面に散布したり塗り付けたりすることもできるが、粉体のままでは、細孔の内部には入り難く、細孔に担持させることが難しい。
そこで、酸化チタン微粒子を含有する液体を、調湿建材の表面に塗工し、液体が細孔に吸収されるのとともに酸化チタン微粒子を細孔内に送り込み、その後、液体分を蒸発させて、酸化チタン微粒子だけを細孔内部に担持させる方法が採用できる。液体が蒸発してしまえば、酸化チタン微粒子の表面が露出した状態で、細孔に担持される。
【0016】
調湿建材の表面に塗工する液体として、酸化チタン微粒子をそのまま分散させた分散液のほか、液体を蒸発させたり加熱処理や焼成処理を行ったりすることで酸化チタン微粒子を生成する酸化チタン微粒子の供給源を含む水溶液が使用できる。
酸化チタン微粒子を生成する水溶液として、特開平9−71418号公報に開示されたチタニア膜形成用液体が使用できる。このチタニア膜形成用液体は、チタン溶液と塩基性溶液から作製した水酸化チタンゲルに過酸化水素水を作用させ合成することができる。この液体には、過酸化状態の水酸化チタンが含まれている。この液体を調湿基材に塗布し、細孔内に含浸させたあと、乾燥させると、酸化チタン微粒子が生成する。前記液体を、80℃以上で加熱処理を行って結晶化した酸化チタン微粒子を含む液体を得た後、この酸化チタン微粒子を含む液体を、調湿基材に塗布してもよい。塗工後または塗工前に加熱処理を施すことで、酸化チタンの結晶構造を調整することができる。
【0017】
酸化チタン微粒子の供給源を含む水溶液を使用する場合、酸化チタン微粒子の供給源がTi濃度として0.4〜5.0重量%含有された水溶液を、調湿基材に塗布量10〜500g/mで塗布して、生成した酸化チタン微粒子を調湿基材の細孔に担持させることができる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1、2に示す建材10は、建築物の室内空間に面する内装仕上げ材となる板状の調湿建材10である。
図2に示すように、建築物の壁構造30の表面に、多数の調湿建材10を貼り付けて、内装仕上げを施す。
図1(a)に示すように、調湿建材10は、矩形板状をなす調湿基材12と、調湿基材12の表面領域に担持された酸化チタン微粒子20とを有する。調湿基材12として、石膏ボードに珪質頁岩からなる調湿材を含有させた調湿石膏ボードが使用できる。具体的には、「さわやか石膏ボード」(商品名:チヨダウーテ社製)が使用される。
【0019】
図1(b)に示すように、調湿基材12は、不定形の細孔14が、表面から内部までにわたって存在している。この細孔14は、湿気や臭い成分などを取り込んで吸着する機能を有している。調湿基材12の細孔14のうち、表面に近い領域には、酸化チタン微粒子20が担持されている。酸化チタン微粒子20は、調湿基材12の細孔14に物理的に嵌り込んで支持されていて、酸化チタン微粒子20の表面が露出した状態であり、バインダーによって接着されているものではない。
酸化チタン微粒子20は、調湿基材12の細孔14を完全に塞いではおらず、酸化チタン微粒子20が存在しない細孔14や、酸化チタン微粒子20が収容されていても酸化チタン微粒子20の側方を通気可能になっている細孔14が存在している。図1(b)では説明を判り易くするために、酸化チタン微粒子20を大きく示しているが、実際には、細孔14よりもかなり小径の酸化チタン微粒子20が、細孔14の内壁に存在するミクロ状の凹凸あるいは孔に嵌り込んだ状態になっていたり、細孔14の枝分かれした凹部に嵌り込んでいたりする。
【0020】
酸化チタン微粒子20は、前記した特開平9−71418号公報の実施例に記載されたチタニア膜形成用液体を、調湿基材12の表面に塗布し乾燥させることで、調湿基材12の表面に担持させた。
上記のような構造を有する調湿建材10を、図2に示すようにして、建築物の室内壁面の内装仕上げ材として使用すると、調湿基材12が有する調湿機能や脱臭機能、揮発性ガスの吸着機能などが有効に発揮される。
しかも、調湿基材12の細孔14に担持された酸化チタン微粒子20は、調湿建材10の表面に当たる室内照明の光や外光の作用によって、光触媒機能を発揮する。調湿基材12に吸着された臭い成分や揮発性成分(例えば、ホルマリン、アンモニア等)が、酸化チタン微粒子20の光触媒機能によって分解され、無臭化および無害化される。酸化チタン微粒子20は、その表面がバインダーなどで覆われていないので、光の吸収および周囲の有機物質の分解作用が良好に発揮される。また、調湿基材12に吸収された水分に雑菌やカビが発生したり繁殖したりしようとしても、酸化チタン微粒子20の抗菌作用によって、雑菌やカビの発生および繁殖は抑制される。
【0021】
酸化チタン微粒子20は、調湿基材12の細孔14内に担持されているので、調湿建材10の表面に触れたり擦ったりしても、酸化チタン微粒子20が脱落し難い。バインダーなどで接着されていなくても、酸化チタン微粒子20を確実に担持しておくことができ、長期間にわたって、酸化チタン微粒子20の優れた光触媒機能を有効に発揮させることができる。
【0022】
【実施例】
〔酸化チタン生成液の調製〕
特開平9−71418号公報に記載されたチタニア膜形成用液体の製造技術を利用した。
原料として、四塩化チタン60%溶液5ccに蒸留水を加えて500ccとした溶液に、アンモニア水(アンモニア1:水9)を滴下し、水酸化チタンを沈殿させた。蒸留水で洗浄後、過酸化水素水30%溶液を10cc加えてかき混ぜ、チタンを含有する黄色粘性液体(ゾル溶液)70ccを得た。
【0023】
〔調湿建材の製造〕
調湿機能を有する調湿基材として、大きさ10cm×10cmの「さわやか石膏ボード」(商品名:チヨダウーテ社製)を用いた。
前項で得られた酸化チタン生成液を、調湿基材の表面に、塗膜厚60μmになるように塗り、常温で2週間乾燥させ、調湿建材を製造した。得られた調湿建材は、多孔質構造を有する調湿基材の表面において、細孔の内部に酸化チタン微粒子が担持されていることが確認された。
〔性能評価試験〕
得られた調湿建材に対して、吸放湿性能やガス除去性能を評価する試験を行なった。
【0024】
<吸放湿試験>
試験片の裏面および側面を、粘着剤付アルミテープでシールし、25℃、50%RHの条件下で24時間放置し、重量を測定した(重量A)。その後、同じ試験片を、25℃、90%RHの条件下で24時間放置し、重量を測定した(重量B)。さらに、同じ試験片を、25℃、50%RHの条件下で24時間放置し、重量を測定した(重量C)。
次式により吸湿量および放湿量を算出した。
吸湿量=(重量B−重量A)/試験面積
放湿量=(重量B−重量C)/試験面積
<ホルムアルデヒド除去試験>
テドラーバック(商品名:テドラー社製)5Lに、試験片を入れ、さらに、ホルムアルデヒドガス濃度が150ppmの気体を封入した。24時間後に、ガス検知器を用いて、ホルムアルデヒドガス濃度を測定した。
【0025】
次に、テドラーバックに収容されたままの試験片に、照射強度1mW/cmのブラックライトを1時間照射したあと、前記同様にして、ホルムアルデヒド濃度を測定した。
<試験片>
実施例1:前記調湿建材(表面の細孔に酸化チタンが担持されている)。
比較例1:実施例1の調湿基材で、酸化チタン生成液を塗布しないもの。
比較例2:実施例1の調湿基材に、酸化チタン生成液の代わりに、ポリウレタン樹脂塗料Vトップ(商品名:大日本塗料社製)を塗布したもの。
【0026】
<試験結果>
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 2004076494
【0028】
<評価>
(1) 実施例1は、比較例1に比べて、表面に酸化チタンを担持させている分だけ、吸放湿性は低いが、建築物の室内空間における調湿機能としては十分に実用的な性能を示す。
(2) 比較例2では、表面に塗工された塗膜が、調湿基材の表面の細孔を塞いでいるため、吸放湿性能が極端に低下しており、十分な調湿機能は発揮できない。
(3) 実施例1では、酸化チタンによるガス分解作用が有効に発揮されているため、ホルムアルデヒドを効率的に吸着除去できている。しかも、光照射によって、さらにホルムアルデヒドの吸着除去性能が高まっている。これは、照射された光が、酸化チタンの微粒子に効率的に吸収されて、光触媒機能が有効に発揮されていることを裏付けている。
【0029】
(4) 比較例2では、ホルムアルデヒドの吸着除去はほとんど達成できず、光を照射しても全く変化はない。なお、比較例1については、ホルムアルデヒド除去試験を省略したが、比較例2と同じように、ホルムアルデヒドの吸着除去はほとんど達成できないか、調湿基材そのものの吸着作用によって、少量のホルムアルデヒドは吸着できるものと推定できる。この場合も、光を照射しても、さらなる吸着除去は起こらない。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかる環境改善機能を有する建材は、調湿基材の表面に存在する多孔質構造の細孔に、光触媒機能を有する酸化チタン微粒子がバインダーを介さずに担持されているので、建材の施工状態で、建材の表面に光が当たったときに、酸化チタン微粒子に光が効率的に作用して光触媒機能を有効に発揮させことができる。調湿基材に吸着された臭い成分や環境に有害なガス成分などが、酸化チタン微粒子の光触媒機能によって効率的に分解され無害化される。
その結果、施工空間の空気環境に対して、調湿機能、脱臭機能、ガス成分除去機能などを効率的かつ長期間にわたって継続的に発揮させることができ、施工空間の環境改善に大きく貢献することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態を表す建材の斜視図
【図2】表面の模式的構造図
【符号の説明】
10  調湿建材
12  調湿基材
14  細孔
20  酸化チタン微粒子[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building material having an environment improving function and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, when installed on a wall surface of a house or the like, adjusts humidity, removes odor, and removes harmful gas from the air environment in the room. The present invention is directed to a building material capable of exhibiting a function of improving the environment, such as the removal of components, and a method of manufacturing such a building material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art As an interior finishing material to be installed on an indoor wall surface of a house, a humidity control building material containing a humidity control material such as diatomaceous earth has been used. Humidity-control building materials reduce the humidity in the indoor environment by absorbing and retaining moisture in the air when the air in the indoor environment contains excessive moisture, and retain moisture when the indoor environment dries. The release of water into the environment has the effect of increasing the humidity of the environment. As a result, the indoor environment is adjusted to a certain humidity range, and a humidity environment that is comfortable for the occupants can be maintained.
The use of materials with the function of adsorbing formaldehyde, ammonia, etc. as humidity control materials contained in humidity control building materials results in volatile gas components being released from furniture and wallpaper installed indoors and causing sick house syndrome. Can be adsorbed to the humidity control building material and removed from the indoor environment. Humidity control building materials can also have a deodorizing function.
[0003]
Further, a technique is also known in which titanium oxide having a photocatalytic function is blended into a tile or paint used as an interior finishing material. The photocatalytic function of titanium oxide can decompose organic substances and the like adhering to the surface, and can decompose the above-mentioned volatile gas components into harmless substances.
A technique has also been proposed in which titanium oxide is blended in the material of the humidity control building material. After efficiently adsorbing and holding odor components and volatile gas components in the humidity control materials contained in the humidity control building materials, if the titanium oxide decomposes these adsorbed components, the humidity control materials become saturated with the adsorbed components. It is said that the indoor environment can be maintained satisfactorily for a long period of time.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional technology of using titanium oxide, there is a problem that the decomposing action of the harmful substance of titanium oxide cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
The reason is that, in order for titanium oxide to exhibit a photocatalytic function, it is necessary to sufficiently illuminate the light, whereas, for example, titanium oxide blended in a humidity control building material is covered with the material of the humidity control building material. In some cases, contact with light may not be performed sufficiently. Even in a technique of applying a paint containing titanium oxide to a wall surface or a surface of a building material, the titanium oxide is covered with a coating film component, and the titanium oxide is not sufficiently irradiated with light. When the titanium oxide is covered with a coating film or the like, not only is it difficult to shine light, but also the titanium oxide is inhibited from coming into contact with the target substance and the decomposition action is impaired. Furthermore, if a titanium oxide-containing paint is applied to the surface of a humidity control building material, the coating film hinders the contact between the humidity control material of the humidity control building material and the outside air or the flow of moisture, and the humidity control function itself deteriorates. May be done.
[0005]
If the titanium oxide particles are directly adhered to building materials and wall surfaces, the light can be brought into contact with the titanium oxide well, but the titanium oxide particles fall off over time, and the titanium oxide photocatalytic function Disappears quickly. In the case of building materials that require long-term environmental improvement performance, they are inferior in practical use.
An object of the present invention is to provide a building material having an excellent environmental improvement function by efficiently exhibiting the photocatalytic function of the above-described titanium oxide for a long period of time.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The building material having an environment improving function according to the present invention is a building material having a function of improving the air environment of a construction space, which is made of a porous material, and has a humidity controlling function, and the humidity controlling substrate. And titanium oxide fine particles having a photocatalytic function, which are carried without interposing a binder in pores having a porous structure existing on the surface.
(Humidity control base material)
The same material and structure as a building material having a humidity control function used for ordinary building construction can be adopted. However, a material having a porous structure at least on the surface is used.
[0007]
Specific examples of the humidity control base material having a porous structure include a humidity control tile, a humidity control gypsum board, a humidity control cement board, and a calcical board containing a humidity control material such as diatomaceous earth.
The humidity control substrate may be composed of a material having a porous structure and a humidity control function, or the material of the base material itself does not have a humidity control function. It may have a porous structure by adding an excellent humidity control material and exhibit a humidity control function. A material layer having no humidity control function and a porous material layer having a humidity control function may be laminated or bonded. A humidity control material or a humidity control substrate having a humidity control function but whose surface does not have a porous structure cannot be used as the humidity control substrate of the present invention.
[0008]
In the humidity control building material, at least the surface supporting the titanium oxide fine particles has a porous structure. The inner side of the region where the titanium oxide fine particles are supported does not have to have a porous structure. However, the porous structure is preferable in order to effectively exhibit the humidity control function and the adsorption function.
The humidity control substrate may be a material obtained by molding and curing a material such as a humidity control material, or may be a product obtained by further firing a molded product. In addition to the humidity control material, hydraulic materials such as clay, plaster, plaster, and cement, as well as various other binder components, coloring components, glass, and curing regulators, are added to the raw materials of the humidity control base material. be able to. Some materials can be used both as a humidity control material and as a molding and curing component. However, a material that inhibits the formation of a porous structure or fills the pores is not preferable. Therefore, it is desirable to limit the amount of such a material. It is also possible to granulate the raw material of the humidity control base material and press-mold the obtained granulated product.
[0009]
The humidity control substrate preferably has a surface having a water permeability (JIS A5403-24 hours water permeability) of 1000 g / m 2 or more, and more preferably 2000 g / m 2 or more. If the water permeability is too low, it is difficult to carry out the treatment for supporting the titanium oxide fine particles, and it is difficult to stably carry the titanium oxide fine particles. When the water permeability is high, the titanium oxide generation liquid described later penetrates into the inside of the pores, and it is easy to carry the titanium oxide fine particles deep inside the pores. As a result, a titanium oxide supporting structure having excellent durability can be obtained.
The moisture control substrate preferably has a moisture absorption / desorption amount of 100 g / m 2 or more and a moisture absorption rate of 15 g / m 2 · h or more.
[0010]
<Humidity control material>
As a humidity control material which gives a humidity control function to a humidity control base material, the same humidity control material as a normal humidity control building material can be used.
Specific examples of the humidity control material include diatomaceous earth, siliceous shale, allophane, imogolite, acid clay, seoiolite, zeolite, calcium silicate, silica gel, bentonite, montmorillonite, and charcoal. Siliceous shale is a material having a large pore volume and excellent moisture absorption and desorption properties. A plurality of humidity control materials can be combined.
As the porous structure of the humidity control material, the average pore radius of the specific surface area 20~100Å preferably has 20 to 200 m 2 / g, more those specific surface area 20~60Å of 20 to 200 m 2 / g preferable.
[0011]
The humidity control material may contain 20 to 95% by weight based on the entire humidity control base material.
<Cosmetic layer>
On the surface layer of the humidity control substrate, a decorative layer for improving the appearance design, surface texture, and the like can be arranged. The decorative layer can be formed of the same material as the main body of the humidity control base material, or can be formed of a material obtained by adding a coloring agent or the like to the same material as the main body.
The decorative layer can be formed by laminating the material of the humidity control base material and the material of the decorative layer, or by simultaneous firing. After manufacturing the humidity control substrate, the decorative layer material can be integrated by laminating or coating the material of the decorative layer on the surface thereof, and by drying and curing or baking.
[0012]
When the humidity control substrate has a decorative layer, it is necessary that the surface of the decorative layer has a porous structure. In addition, it is desirable that the water permeability is excellent in order to easily carry the titanium oxide fine particles on the porous structure of the decorative layer. The preferable water permeability conditions of the humidity control substrate described above also apply to the decorative layer. It is desirable that the humidity control substrate having the decorative layer also satisfies the above conditions of the amount of absorbed and released moisture and the rate of absorbed moisture.
(Titanium oxide fine particles)
The chemical structure and crystal structure of titanium oxide are not particularly limited as long as the titanium oxide can effectively exhibit a photocatalytic function.
[0013]
Titanium oxide fine particles differ in photocatalytic function depending on the crystal structure. Anatase-type TiO 2 crystals are more excellent in photocatalytic function than rutile-type.
The titanium oxide fine particles are supported on pores having a porous structure existing on the surface of the humidity control substrate.
Therefore, the particle size of the titanium oxide fine particles is smaller than or equal to the pore size. Specifically, the particle size of the titanium oxide fine particles can be set in the range of 1 nm to 1 μm. The smaller the particle size, the more easily the particles are supported on fine pores of the humidity control substrate. However, if the particle size is too small, the particles may fall off from the pores or may be difficult to manufacture and handle. The titanium oxide fine particles may be supported in the pores in a single layer or in multiple layers.
[0014]
It is preferable that the titanium oxide fine particles are supported near the surface of the humidity control building material so that the light shining on the surface of the humidity control building material is efficiently irradiated to the titanium oxide fine particles.
As the amount of titanium oxide fine particles present per surface area of the humidity control building material increases, the photocatalytic function can be exerted. However, if the amount of titanium oxide fine particles increases, the cost increases and the performance improvement is small. Usually, titanium oxide fine particles are present at a rate of 0.1 to 15 g / m 2 .
A large number of pores are opened on the surface of the humidity control building material, and titanium oxide fine particles are contained in a part or all of the pores. There may be pores where no titanium oxide fine particles are present. The pores may be closed with titanium oxide fine particles. However, if the inner side of the pores can be ventilated to the outside even in the state where the titanium oxide fine particles are supported, the pores can effectively perform the humidity control function and the like. As a result, the photodecomposition action of the organic substance and the like by the titanium oxide fine particles also easily occurs. Moisture and gas are absorbed not only in the pores of the humidity control substrate but also in the material itself, so even if the titanium oxide fine particles block the pores, the humidity control function and adsorption function of the humidity control substrate can be exhibited. .
[0015]
<Supporting method of titanium oxide fine particles>
Titanium oxide fine particles can be prepared in a powder form in advance and sprayed or painted on the surface of a humidity control building material. It is difficult to support in holes.
Therefore, a liquid containing titanium oxide fine particles is applied to the surface of the humidity control building material, and at the same time as the liquid is absorbed into the fine holes, the titanium oxide fine particles are sent into the fine holes. A method in which only titanium oxide fine particles are supported inside the pores can be adopted. Once the liquid evaporates, the titanium oxide fine particles are supported on the pores with the surface exposed.
[0016]
As a liquid to be applied to the surface of the humidity control building material, in addition to a dispersion liquid in which titanium oxide fine particles are directly dispersed, titanium oxide fine particles that generate titanium oxide fine particles by evaporating the liquid or performing a heat treatment or a baking treatment An aqueous solution containing a source of
As the aqueous solution for producing the titanium oxide fine particles, the liquid for forming a titania film disclosed in JP-A-9-71418 can be used. The liquid for forming a titania film can be synthesized by reacting a hydrogen peroxide solution on a titanium hydroxide gel prepared from a titanium solution and a basic solution. This liquid contains titanium hydroxide in a peroxide state. This liquid is applied to a humidity control substrate, impregnated into the pores, and then dried to produce titanium oxide fine particles. After subjecting the liquid to heat treatment at 80 ° C. or higher to obtain a liquid containing titanium oxide fine particles crystallized, the liquid containing the titanium oxide fine particles may be applied to a humidity control substrate. By performing the heat treatment after or before the application, the crystal structure of the titanium oxide can be adjusted.
[0017]
When an aqueous solution containing a supply source of titanium oxide fine particles is used, an aqueous solution in which the supply source of the titanium oxide fine particles is 0.4 to 5.0% by weight as a Ti concentration is applied to a humidity control substrate at an amount of 10 to 500 g / by applying m 2, and the can be loaded resulting titanium oxide fine particles into the pores of the tone Shimemoto material.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The building material 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a plate-shaped humidity-control building material 10 serving as an interior finishing material facing the indoor space of a building.
As shown in FIG. 2, a large number of humidity control building materials 10 are adhered to the surface of a wall structure 30 of a building, and interior finishing is performed.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the humidity control building material 10 includes a humidity control substrate 12 having a rectangular plate shape and titanium oxide fine particles 20 supported on a surface region of the humidity control substrate 12. As the humidity control substrate 12, a humidity control gypsum board in which a gypsum board contains a humidity control material made of siliceous shale can be used. Specifically, "fresh gypsum board" (trade name: manufactured by Chiyoda Ute) is used.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 1B, the humidity control substrate 12 has amorphous pores 14 extending from the surface to the inside. The pores 14 have a function of taking in moisture and odor components and adsorbing them. Of the pores 14 of the humidity control substrate 12, titanium oxide fine particles 20 are carried in a region near the surface. The titanium oxide fine particles 20 are physically fitted into and supported by the pores 14 of the humidity control substrate 12, and the surface of the titanium oxide fine particles 20 is exposed and is not bonded by a binder.
The titanium oxide fine particles 20 do not completely block the pores 14 of the humidity control substrate 12, and the fine pores 14 in which the titanium oxide fine particles 20 do not exist, and the titanium oxide fine particles 20 There are pores 14 that allow ventilation on the sides. In FIG. 1B, the titanium oxide fine particles 20 are shown in a large size for easy understanding, but actually, the titanium oxide fine particles 20 having a considerably smaller diameter than the fine holes 14 are present on the inner wall of the fine holes 14. It may be in a state of being fitted into microscopic irregularities or holes, or may be fitted in a branched concave portion of the pores 14.
[0020]
The titanium oxide fine particles 20 are coated on the surface of the humidity control substrate 12 with the liquid for forming a titania film described in the above-mentioned example of JP-A-9-71418, and dried, whereby the humidity control substrate 12 is dried. It was carried on the surface.
When the humidity control building material 10 having the above structure is used as an interior finishing material for the interior wall surface of a building as shown in FIG. 2, the humidity control function, deodorization function, volatility The gas adsorption function is effectively exhibited.
In addition, the titanium oxide fine particles 20 carried in the pores 14 of the humidity control base material 12 exhibit a photocatalytic function by the action of indoor lighting light or external light hitting the surface of the humidity control building material 10. Odor components and volatile components (for example, formalin, ammonia, etc.) adsorbed on the humidity control substrate 12 are decomposed by the photocatalytic function of the titanium oxide fine particles 20, and are deodorized and made harmless. Since the surface of the titanium oxide fine particles 20 is not covered with a binder or the like, light absorption and the action of decomposing surrounding organic substances are favorably exhibited. In addition, even if germs or fungi are generated or propagated in the moisture absorbed by the humidity control substrate 12, the antibacterial action of the titanium oxide fine particles 20 suppresses the generation and breeding of germs and fungi.
[0021]
Since the titanium oxide fine particles 20 are supported in the pores 14 of the humidity control base material 12, even if the surface of the humidity control building material 10 is touched or rubbed, the titanium oxide fine particles 20 hardly fall off. Even if the titanium oxide fine particles 20 are not bonded with a binder or the like, the titanium oxide fine particles 20 can be surely supported, and the excellent photocatalytic function of the titanium oxide fine particles 20 can be effectively exhibited for a long period of time.
[0022]
【Example】
(Preparation of titanium oxide production liquid)
The technique for producing a liquid for forming a titania film described in JP-A-9-71418 was used.
As a raw material, aqueous ammonia (ammonia 1: water 9) was added dropwise to a 500 cc solution obtained by adding distilled water to 5 cc of a titanium tetrachloride 60% solution to precipitate titanium hydroxide. After washing with distilled water, 10 cc of a 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide was added and stirred to obtain 70 cc of a titanium-containing yellow viscous liquid (sol solution).
[0023]
[Manufacture of humidity control building materials]
As a humidity control substrate having a humidity control function, a “fresh gypsum board” (trade name: manufactured by Chiyoda Ute) having a size of 10 cm × 10 cm was used.
The titanium oxide-producing liquid obtained in the preceding section was applied to the surface of the humidity control substrate so as to have a coating thickness of 60 μm, and dried at room temperature for 2 weeks to produce a humidity control building material. In the obtained humidity control building material, it was confirmed that titanium oxide fine particles were supported inside the pores on the surface of the humidity control substrate having a porous structure.
(Performance evaluation test)
A test for evaluating the moisture absorption / desorption performance and the gas removal performance was performed on the obtained humidity controlled building material.
[0024]
<Moisture absorption / release test>
The back and side surfaces of the test piece were sealed with an adhesive-applied aluminum tape, allowed to stand at 25 ° C. and 50% RH for 24 hours, and the weight was measured (weight A). Thereafter, the same test piece was left for 24 hours under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 90% RH, and the weight was measured (weight B). Further, the same test piece was left for 24 hours under the condition of 25 ° C. and 50% RH, and the weight was measured (weight C).
The amount of moisture absorption and the amount of moisture release were calculated by the following formula.
Moisture absorption = (weight B-weight A) / test area moisture release = (weight B-weight C) / test area <formaldehyde removal test>
The test piece was placed in 5 L of a Tedlar bag (trade name: manufactured by Tedlar Co.), and a gas having a formaldehyde gas concentration of 150 ppm was further sealed. Twenty-four hours later, the formaldehyde gas concentration was measured using a gas detector.
[0025]
Next, the test piece still contained in the Tedlar bag was irradiated with black light having an irradiation intensity of 1 mW / cm 2 for 1 hour, and the formaldehyde concentration was measured in the same manner as described above.
<Test piece>
Example 1: The humidity control building material (titanium oxide is supported on pores on the surface).
Comparative Example 1: The humidity control substrate of Example 1, but not coated with the titanium oxide forming liquid.
Comparative Example 2: A polyurethane resin paint V top (trade name, manufactured by Dainippon Paint Co., Ltd.) applied to the humidity control substrate of Example 1 instead of the titanium oxide producing liquid.
[0026]
<Test results>
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004076494
[0028]
<Evaluation>
(1) In Example 1, the moisture absorption and desorption properties are low because titanium oxide is supported on the surface as compared with Comparative Example 1, but is sufficiently practical as a humidity control function in the indoor space of a building. Show performance.
(2) In Comparative Example 2, since the coating film applied on the surface closed the pores on the surface of the humidity control substrate, the moisture absorption / release performance was extremely reduced, and a sufficient humidity control function was obtained. Cannot be demonstrated.
(3) In Example 1, since the gas decomposition action by the titanium oxide was effectively exerted, formaldehyde could be efficiently adsorbed and removed. Moreover, the light irradiation has further improved the formaldehyde adsorption / removal performance. This confirms that the irradiated light is efficiently absorbed by the fine particles of titanium oxide, and the photocatalytic function is effectively exhibited.
[0029]
(4) In Comparative Example 2, adsorption and removal of formaldehyde could hardly be achieved, and there was no change even when irradiated with light. In Comparative Example 1, the formaldehyde removal test was omitted, but as in Comparative Example 2, almost no formaldehyde adsorption and removal could be achieved, or a small amount of formaldehyde could be adsorbed by the adsorption action of the humidity control substrate itself. It can be estimated that. Also in this case, even if light is irradiated, no further adsorption and removal occurs.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The building material having an environment improving function according to the present invention is characterized in that titanium oxide fine particles having a photocatalytic function are supported without interposing a binder on pores of a porous structure present on the surface of the humidity control base material. In the construction state, when light hits the surface of the building material, the light efficiently acts on the titanium oxide fine particles, so that the photocatalytic function can be effectively exerted. Odor components and gas components harmful to the environment adsorbed on the humidity control substrate are efficiently decomposed and made harmless by the photocatalytic function of the titanium oxide fine particles.
As a result, the humidity control function, deodorization function, gas component removal function, etc. can be performed efficiently and continuously over a long period of time in the air environment of the construction space, greatly contributing to the improvement of the construction space environment. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building material representing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Humidity control building material 12 Humidity control base material 14 Pores 20 Titanium oxide fine particles

Claims (5)

施工空間の空気環境を改善する機能を有する建材であって、
少なくとも表面が多孔質構造であり調湿機能を有する調湿基材と、
前記調湿基材の表面に存在する多孔質構造の細孔に、バインダーを介さずに担持された、光触媒機能を有する酸化チタン微粒子と
を備える環境改善機能を有する建材。
A building material having a function of improving the air environment of the construction space,
A humidity control substrate having at least a surface having a porous structure and a humidity control function,
A building material having an environment-improving function, comprising titanium oxide fine particles having a photocatalytic function, supported by pores having a porous structure existing on the surface of the humidity control substrate without using a binder.
前記調湿基材が、吸放湿量100g/m以上であり、吸湿速度15g/m・h以上である
請求項1に記載の建材。
The building material according to claim 1, wherein the humidity control base material has a moisture absorption / desorption amount of 100 g / m 2 or more and a moisture absorption rate of 15 g / m 2 · h or more.
前記調湿建材が、調湿タイル、化粧調湿石膏ボード、化粧セメントボードからなる群から選ばれる何れか一つである
請求項1または2に記載の建材。
The building material according to claim 1, wherein the humidity control building material is any one selected from the group consisting of a humidity control tile, a decorative humidity control plaster board, and a decorative cement board.
前記調湿建材が、表面の透水度2000g/m以上である
請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の建材。
The humidity control building materials, building material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is the surface of the water permeability 2000 g / m 2 or more.
請求項1〜4に記載の建材を製造する方法であって、
前記調湿建材の表面に、前記酸化チタン微粒子の供給源がTi濃度として0.4〜5.0重量%含有され、実質的にバインダ−成分を含まない水溶液を、塗布量10〜500g/mで塗布し乾燥させる
環境改善機能を有する建材の製造方法。
A method for producing a building material according to claims 1 to 4,
On the surface of the humidity control building material, an aqueous solution containing 0.4 to 5.0% by weight of a source of the titanium oxide fine particles as a Ti concentration and containing substantially no binder component is applied at a coating amount of 10 to 500 g / m. 2. A method for producing a building material having an environment improving function of applying and drying in step 2 .
JP2002240797A 2002-08-21 2002-08-21 Building material having environmental improvement function and method for manufacturing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3848605B2 (en)

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JP2006001794A (en) * 2004-06-17 2006-01-05 Konoshima Chemical Co Ltd Moisture absorbing/releasing building material and method for producing the same
DE102005031486A1 (en) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Hülsta-Werke Hüls Gmbh & Co. Kg Floor, wall or ceiling panel
JP2007146453A (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-06-14 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Allergen-inactivating house member and allergen-inactivating wall
JP2007145742A (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-06-14 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Functional building material
JP2007224600A (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-09-06 Nippon Soda Co Ltd Humidity-conditioning building material
WO2008105295A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-09-04 Nagamune Industrial Co., Ltd. Fluid purifying apparatus
JP2018071891A (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-10 パナホーム株式会社 Humidity conditioning system
WO2022210805A1 (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 日東電工株式会社 Composite material and method for manufacturing composite material

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006001794A (en) * 2004-06-17 2006-01-05 Konoshima Chemical Co Ltd Moisture absorbing/releasing building material and method for producing the same
DE102005031486A1 (en) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Hülsta-Werke Hüls Gmbh & Co. Kg Floor, wall or ceiling panel
JP2007146453A (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-06-14 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Allergen-inactivating house member and allergen-inactivating wall
JP2007145742A (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-06-14 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Functional building material
JP4654892B2 (en) * 2005-11-25 2011-03-23 パナソニック電工株式会社 Method for inactivating allergens by housing materials
JP2007224600A (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-09-06 Nippon Soda Co Ltd Humidity-conditioning building material
WO2008105295A1 (en) * 2007-02-20 2008-09-04 Nagamune Industrial Co., Ltd. Fluid purifying apparatus
JP2018071891A (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-10 パナホーム株式会社 Humidity conditioning system
WO2022210805A1 (en) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 日東電工株式会社 Composite material and method for manufacturing composite material

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