【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、河川、湖沼などの護岸、道路などの法面等の長さ方向に沿って連結積層構築する空洞部を有する構築ブロックに関し、詳しくは、空洞部を有する構築ブロックによって製造コストを廉価に、法面等において連結積層構築した法面構造により、施工コストを軽減すると共に、空洞部による空間を利用した流水迂回流動により、流水を長く、且つ接触表面を大きくして、浄水効率を上げ、加えて、植物への水分を供給確保し、さらに動物の生息を図る構築構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、河川、湖沼における護岸、さらには道路などの法面は、コンクリートを用いた各種ブロックによる組積みまたは現場での型枠による直打ちなどによって構築されてきた。
【０００３】
これらのブロックまたは直打ちコンクリートによる法面の構築構造は、その強度確保から、ある程度の肉厚を要するため、ブロックにあっては材料コストおよび移動作業量を考慮してコンクリート量を許容一杯に軽減し、その分構造が煩雑となり製造コストを上げるばかりでなく、現場での組積み作業を煩雑にし長い工期を要していた。
【０００４】
また現場での型枠による直打ち法面にあっては、大掛かりな配筋作業に加え、大量のコンクリートを要するため、工期およびコストが大幅に増大させていた。
【０００５】
さにに、これまでの法面等は、堅牢性を重視する余り全面コンクリート張りによる殺風景な構築構造が主流を占めていた。しかし近年、河川、道路などの法面等を、このような味気ない全面コンクリート張り構築構造が見直され、視覚的にも草木が繁り、小動物が生息する潤いのある自然な河川等の護岸法面環境の復元が叫ばれるようになり、河川法等が改正された。
【０００６】
一方、河湖などの環境基準として、例えば、近畿における環境基準では水質基準の指標として、琵琶湖におけるリン含有率が０．０１ｍｇ／ｌ、窒素含有率が０．２ｍｇ／ｌ、ＣＯＤ含有率が１．０ｍｇ／ｌ以下と示され、淀川においては水質基準の指標として、ＢＯＤ含有率が３ｍｇ／ｌ以下と示されている。これに対し下水道の整備により家庭より排水される生活排水については若干改善されてきているとは云え、下水道の整備率の低さと相俟ってまだまだ上記基準には及ばないのが現状である。
【０００７】
加えて、洗剤などで汚れた生活排水および田畑の排水、さらには道路面に散布された凍結防止剤を含む雨水等による河川への流入で、魚類、昆虫、水草などの水中動植物が育ち難い程に河水が汚染され、これら河川の汚れた水が都市の水瓶である大きな湖などに注ぎ込まれている現状の悪い環境がある。これを改善し、上記基準に近づけるため、河川の護岸および河床、道路などの法面等においていろいろの構築部材および構築構造が試みられている。
【０００８】
例えば、河川の護岸法面において、表面が自然石風に形成された方形板状をなすブロックを所々隙間をおいて積み築き、或いはブロック表面の側辺に切欠き部を設けて護岸法面に積み築くことにより、構築された護岸法面のブロック間に隙間が形成され、この部分に土砂が自然堆積し、または充填して植物の植生や、小動物の生息を助長する自然な環境を形成している。
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように従来の法面等に用いるブロック構造は、法面の強度を考慮するため、ブロック構造を複雑にし、直打ち構築構造においては工期およびコンクリート量を増大させ、いずれも構築コストを高くしていた。
【００１０】
また自然環境を確保するブロックにあっても、動植物の植生および生息を促進させるにはその間隙および空間は小さ過ぎ、植物を繁殖させるには充分な構造でなかった。そのため艶のない殺風景な草木しか育たず、潤いのある視覚的に美しい繊細な草木は育ち難く、このような植物に適する豊富な土砂を収容する空間、絶えず水分を潤滑させる構造は配慮されていなかった。
【００１１】
従って、これまでの自然環境を考慮したブロックにあっては、この種法面等での構築構造において、上記の点で自然な環境復元には充分とは言えないにしても、動植物の植生および生息を、それなりに配慮して構成されている。しかし、これら法面等において河水、家庭排水、道路排水などを採り入れ、この流水を動植物の植生および生息に効果的に利用すると共に、流動過程において浄化して河川に還流する汚水浄化の発想にまでは及んでいないのが現状である。
【００１２】
さらに、法面構築部材としてのこれまでの各種ブロックおよび構築構造は、ブロック表面の側辺に切欠き部を設け、或いは所々隙間をおいて積み築くなど、いずれも特殊なブロック構成、構築構成を要する製造および施工コストの高いものであった。
【００１３】
そこで、構築ブロックおよび直打ちなどのコンクリート法面における工期及びコンクリート量を節減し、且つ強度を確保した構築ブロックおよびその構築構造を開発すると共に、一方で植物の繁殖環境をさらに良好にし、殊にこれらの広大な法面等に河川、道路などの長さ方向に沿って連続する長い空間を積層形成すべく筒状構築ブロックを構成し、この連続する構築ブロック群による組積み構築構造により、取り入れた流水を浄化して河川に還流し、また構築ブロック群による長い空洞部を利用して接触浄化材を充填し、さらに水分が潤沢する空間構成により苔および水性植物を生えさせて浄水作用を活発にし、或いは土壌を充填して動植物を繁殖させるなど環境保全に役立つ多目的の法面を形成すると共に、法面構築ブロックを安価に製造し、且つ法面への施工構造を簡易にして作業効率を上げることを目的とする。
【００１４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、法面等における上記課題を解決し、前記環境基準をクリアすべく、強度を確保しながら、コンクリート量を少なくし、且つ構築作業を簡易にすると共に、他方長い流水過程での浄水機能、また動植物の繁殖を促す自然環境を法面に蘇らせる多目的構築ブロックを提案し、しかも空洞部を有する簡潔なブロック構成により、安価に、且つ構築施工における作業効率を向上させて法面の構築コストを大幅に削減するを構築構造を提案する。
【００１５】
その多目的構築ブロックは、河川、湖沼の護岸または道路などの法面に、これら法面等の長さ方向に沿って連結継合し、且つ法面等の高さ方向に積層構築するに用いるブロックであって、内部に長さ方向に沿う空洞部を有する胴側部前側（一方側）に、空洞部に通じる開口部を少なくとも一つ穿設し、且つ足踏み部を適所または全長に亘り形成した筒状（遠心式ヒューム管、即脱式製管、型枠式製管など）の構築ブロックの長さ方向に沿う胴側部上下側に、積み重ね用の互いに平行する扁平面を有する接合支持部を相対して形成し、胴側部後側（他方側）の長さ方向に沿う適所または全長に亘り、法面等の傾斜角度に相当する角度を付して前記接合支持部に交わる扁平面から成る背面支持部を形成して成り、鉄筋を配したコンクリートで一体に成形して構成する。
【００１６】
この筒状構築ブロックをして前記法面等の長さ方向に沿って入れ子式、継ぎ管式など任意の手段により順次連結継合して後側の背面支持部を法面傾斜勾配に添わせて据付け固定し、該構築ブロック群上に次層の構築ブロック群を法面等の高さ方向の傾斜勾配に添わせ合わせて載せ据え連結継合して組積み構築すべく、相対する接合支持部を上下面接させて載せ合わせながら連結継合して上方に順次組積みして築いて、各層構築ブロック群を法面の傾斜勾配に沿って構築し、組積み構築された筒状構築ブロック群による法面の内部に連続する空洞部を、表面前側には開口部および階段状の足踏み部を形成して多目的法面を構築し、構築ブロック群の末端において側溝（排水溝）を介してまたは直接河湖へと接続し導いて構築構造を構成する。
【００１７】
長さ方向に沿って勾配を付して構築した構築ブロック群による法面等を、水質浄化に利用するとき、上層の構築ブロック群に河湖水をポンプ等で強制的に導入し、また各種の水（工場排水、家庭排水、水田排水、道路排水など）を落差を利用して導入し、広大な法面等における長い空洞部にて流動させ、さらに水量によっては開口部から溢水させて下層構築ブロック群の空洞部に開口部を経て滴り垂れ落ち入ることで、開口部からの光により空洞部および胴側部外側に生え育った苔、藻などにより、チッソ、リンが吸収されて水質浄化され、さらに光合成によって酸素を水に供給し、或いは長い空洞部に装填したカキ殻、木炭などの接触透過浄化材に接触透過させて浄化し、側溝または河湖に還流させる。
【００１８】
また、長さ方向に沿って勾配を付さず、また付して構築した構築ブロック群の空洞部に、開口部を通して植物に適応した土壌を充填して植物を植生し、降水または排水を浸透させるべく取り入れて、植物は勿論、小動物およびバクテリアなどを含む微生物の生息場所として水質浄化に結びつく自然な環境を形成すると共に、河湖の底床部分の水中に構築した構築ブロックにあっては、開口部を通して空洞部に河湖水が流入し、これに水中植物が生育し、これに加えて流れ入った植物の枝等の残骸、植生する植物の根などにより、魚類等の住処を形成して自然環境を一層良好にし、水質浄化に貢献する。
【００１９】
構築ブロック群による法面等の表面前側は、その積層構築構成によって各構築ブロックの足踏み部が略水平の階段状に形成することができ、法面等における空洞部内の清掃、空洞部内への接触透過浄化材または土壌の装填、植物の植生など空洞部内をメンテナンスするについて、法面等での登り降り、または法面途中で作業する場合に足掛りとなって作業をし易く安全にする。
【００２０】
構築ブロック胴側部の上下側両方またはいずれか一方側の接合支持部上に空洞部に通じる透孔を相対して穿設形成して構築ブロックを構成し、この透孔を合致させながら上下構築ブロック群の相対する接合支持部を面接させ載せ合わせて上方に順次組積み築き、上下いずれかの構築ブロック側の開口部から、前記合致透孔に弾性資材から成る栓などを開閉可能に強嵌閉鎖することにより、上層構築ブロックの空洞部内での水の流れの底に溜まった泥を、前記栓による開閉機構を開放することで下層構築ブロックに落とし入れて開口部より掬い出して除去し、また上層構築ブロックの水量を下層構築ブロックに導入して水流を長く迂回させて浄化し、或いは空洞部内に装填した土壌の水分過多を下層構築ブロックに抜き入れて調整して、植物および小動物の生息に適した環境を確保し、生物の働きで更に自然的に水質を浄化させる。
【００２１】
また、上下合致させた透孔を利用してコンクリート製などの結合部材を強嵌し、上下隣接する構築ブロック群同士を順次強固に結合積層して構築し、上下構築ブロック群が水平上でずれ動くことを無くした頑丈な法面を形成する。
【００２２】
開口部を穿設した胴側部部分の空洞部内を相対する隔壁で仕切って部屋を形成し、該隔壁間に亘り部屋の両側空洞部同士が通じるよう中管を接続して成る構築ブロックを一部に配して構築することにより、構築ブロック群による空洞部に水を流す水質浄化法面では、下層構築ブロック群の部屋を上層構築ブロック群の泥溜めとして利用して導入し、また部屋を空室のままにして、自然に小動物が巣くう空間、或いは植物が植生する空間として利用して自然環境を整えることができる。
【００２３】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックおよびその構築構造の実施の形態を図面を用いて説明すると、図１〜１７は、この発明に係る多目的構築ブロックおよびその構築構造を説明する図で、図１８〜２４により、この多目的構築ブロックを用いた河川および湖沼の護岸法面での構築状態を説明する。
【００２４】
この発明を実施せる法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックの実施例を図１，２により説明すると、図１，２は多目的構築ブロックの実施例をそれぞれ示す斜視図で、河川、湖沼の護岸、道路などの法面に、これら法面等の長さ方向に沿って連結継合して組積み構築するに用いるブロックであって、鉄筋を配したコンクリートで、ヒューム管を製造するときの回転遠心力を利用して成形するヒューム管方式、型枠内で振動させながら凝固させ型枠から押し抜いて成形する即脱方式、組み立てた型枠内で凝固させ型枠を分解して成形する型枠方式など、多目的構築ブロックの構成に応じた任意の方式により一体成形する。
【００２５】
【実施例】
１は構築ブロックで、図１においてその長さ方向に沿って内部に空洞部２を有する胴側部１ａの全長に亘る上下側に、積み重ね用の互いに平行する扁平面を有する接合支持部４，４を相対して形成し、該接合支持部４，４の扁平面上の長さ方向に沿う後側寄りに相対する凹凸条の嵌合部４ａ，４ｂを刻設し、後側（他方側）には長さ方向に沿う全長に亘り前記接合支持部４，４に直角または略直角に交わる扁平面から成る背面支持部５を形成する。胴側部１ａの前側（一方側）面を、構築した法面に水が滴り落ちることにより苔などが生え、節足動物が這い上がり易く作用する凹凸状の粗面１ｄに形成し、上方には構築ブロック１の背面支持部５を法面の高さ方向への傾斜勾配に合わせて据付け構築したとき、水平または略水平になる傾斜角度を有し、滑り止め用の凹凸粗面６ａを施した足踏み部６を全長に亘って形成し、該足踏み部６上に空洞部２に通じるメガネ型の開口部３，３を穿設して構築ブロック１を構成し、前記方式により成形する。開口部２の形状は前記メガネ型のほか丸形、楕円形、長孔形、方形、その他任意とし、大きさも法面状況、用途により任意とする。
９は胴側部１ａ前側に植設した環状の握り杆で、成型時に植設または穿設した
業の際の握り手とするもので、この握り杆９は両脚部を縦方向に植設してもよく、また胴側部１ａの長さ方向に複数個点設またはその全長に亘る長い手すり杆状に形成して設けることも可能である。
【００２６】
【実施例】
図２において、構築ブロック胴側部１ａの長さ方向に沿う上下側に設けた接合支持部４，４に対し、背面支持部５を直角または略直角に交わり合わせる状態にて形成するについて、後側（他方側）の長さ方向に沿う両端部および中央部の適所に背面支持部５，５を設け、該背面支持部５，５に相対する前側（一方側）に、前記図１同様構築時に水平または略水平に成る傾斜角度を付し、凹凸粗面６ａを施した足踏み部６，６を設けると共に、足踏み部５，５間の胴側部１ａ前側（一方側）の上方に空洞部２に通じる長孔状の開口部３，３を穿設して構築ブロック１を構成し、前記方式により成形する。１ｃは上下接合支持部４，４面の後側寄りに長さ方向に沿って設けた受溝で、後述の法面への構築時に裏込めコンクリート側に配するアンカーボルトを嵌受するためのものである。
【００２７】
【実施例】
次に、図３〜１７を用いて、法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックおよびその構築構造の各実施例を説明すると、図３〜６において、長さ方向に沿って空洞部２を設けた筒状構築ブロック１の胴側部１ａの全長に亘る上下側に、積み重ね用の互いに平行する扁平面を有する接合支持部４，４を相対して形成すると共に、後側（他方側）の長さ方向に沿う全長に亘り前記接合支持部４，４に直角または略直角に交わる扁平面から成る背面支持部５を形成し、上下の接合支持部４，４には全長に亘る前側寄りに土砂吸い出し防止材１０を挿嵌する受溝４ｃ，４ｃを、後側に上下相対する凹凸条の嵌合部４ａ，４ｂを設け、胴側部１ａの前側上方に前記上側接合支持部４に対し直角に近い角度で傾斜する凹凸粗面６ａを施した足踏み部６を全長に亘り形成し、前側下方に空洞部２に通じる透孔状の開口部３，３を点設して構築ブロック１を構成する。
【００２８】
【実施例】
この構築ブロック１を用いて１：２の勾配を有する極めて緩やかな法面に組積みする構築構造の実施例を図５，６により説明すると、法面Ａに敷設施工したぐり石層Ｃ上に法面Ａの長手方向に沿って前記構築ブロック１の背面支持部５を長さ方向に添わせて据え付け、この据え付け構築ブロック１に長さ方向に沿って繋ぐ次の構築ブロック１の背面支持部５を、同様に法面Ａのぐり石層Ｃ上に据え付けながら互いの開放口縁２ｃ，２ｃの内壁に継ぎ管１１を掛け渡して挿嵌し、開放口部２ｃ，２ｃ縁間に防水部材（図示省略）を介して順次長さ方向に沿って継合し、この継合構築ブロック１，１群の法面Ａ勾配に沿った上方に上位の構築ブロック１，１群の互いの接合支持部４，４を面接合すべく、受溝４ｃ，４ｃにゴム、アスファルトなどの軟質弾性素材から成る紐状の土砂吸い出し防止材１０を嵌め添わせ、嵌合部４ａ，４ｂを噛み合わせ接合させながら、背面支持部５をぐり石層Ｃ上に据え付けて組積み、順次同様の構成にて継合して構築構造を構成する。また、前記土砂吸い出し防止材１０は相対する嵌合部４ａ，４ｂ間に挿嵌して構築することも可能である。
【００２９】
構築ブロック１の足踏み部６の接合支持部４に対する傾斜角度を９０°に近い急な角度に形成することにより、極めて緩やかな法面Ａに組積み施工したとき、構築ブロック１群により形成された法面での各足踏み部６，６面が略水平に確保され、且つ上下に等間隔の階段状に形成されるため、構築法面の登り降りが簡易に安全に為し得る。
【００３０】
この構築ブロック１による構築法面は、空洞部２を有するコンクリート量の少ない経済的な筒状構成の構築ブロック１，１を長く接続継合して組積み構築することにより、法面Ａでの構築ブロック１，１による堅固性能を効率的に働かせている。即ち、図５に示すように法面Ａを階段構成のみに利用すべく構築した場合、河湖の護岸における増水浸水時に、空洞部２，２内に河湖水が開口部３，３を通して流入して満水させることにより、法面Ａでの各構築ブロック１，１群の重量を大きくすると共に、空洞部２の空状態による浮力発生を解消して、法面Ａにおける増水による構築ブロック１，１群の崩壊を防ぎ、組積み構築した構築ブロック１，１群を法面Ａに不動に固定して強固な構築法面を形成するもので、開口部３は透孔状に比較的小さく穿設する。
【００３１】
【実施例】
図７〜１０で示す実施例について説明すると、図７〜９では胴側部１ａの上下側に接合支持部４，４を、これに直角または略直角に交わる背面支持部５を後側に設けた構築ブロック１において、背面支持部５を胴側部１ａの長さ方向に沿う両端部および中央部の三箇所（適所）に点在する状態で形成して、該背面支持部５，５間の胴側部１ａの後側に肘部５ａ，５ａを突設し、粗面１ｄに形成した胴側部１ａの前側面の上方には全長に亘る足踏み部６を接合支持部４に対する傾斜角度を緩やかに付して形成し、足踏み部６上に空洞部２に通じる長孔状の開口部３，３を、上下接合支持部４，４の両方またはいずれかの上下組積み時に相対して合致する所定位置に空洞部２に通じる透孔７，７を、それぞれ穿設すると共に、上下接合支持部４，４の両方に相対して設けた透孔７，７を取り入れた空洞部２の一部分を左右相対する隔壁１ｂ，１ｂで仕切って部屋２ａを形成し、該部屋２ａによって両側に断絶された空洞部２，２を連通すべく隔壁１ｂ，１ｂ間に中筒２ｂを貫通状に接続して構成する。該構築ブロック１は背面支持部５の点設によりコンクリート量を削減すると共に、突設した肘部５ａを構築構造における法面Ａでの裏込めコンクリートＢ部にグリップ状に食い込ませて、構築ブロック１，１の法面Ａへの固定を強化する。
【００３２】
この構築ブロック１を用いて１：０．５の勾配を有する極めて急な法面Ａに組積みする構築構造の実施例を図１０により説明すると、長さ方向に継合した構築ブロック１，１群後側の背面支持部５，５を、法面Ａに敷設施工したぐり石層（図示省略）面に沿って配して、構築ブロック１，１群後側とぐり石層（図示省略）との間に裏込めコンクリートＢを打ち込んで据え付け、この構築ブロック１，１群上に上位の構築ブロック１，１群を互いの透孔７，７を合致させ、接合支持部４，４を面接合させながら順次構築して多目的法面構造を構成するもので、合致連通させた透孔７，７にはコンクリート、硬質ゴム、金属など任意の素材から成る栓８を下位または上位の構築ブロック１側の開口部３から手を入れて着脱可能に嵌合して、透孔７，７を開閉可能に構成する。
【００３３】
この多目的法面を水質浄化に利用する場合、空洞部２における部屋２ａを上位構築ブロック１，１群の泥溜め室として用い、上方の栓８を開口部３から手を入れて抜脱し、上位構築ブロック１，１群の空洞部２内を流れる水Ｄの底部に堆積せる泥Ｄａなどを部屋２ａ内に落とし導入して、上位構築ブロック１，１群の空洞部２内での水Ｄの流れを良くすると共に、泥Ｄａによる濁りを解消して再び透孔７，７を栓８で嵌合閉鎖し、部屋２ａ内に導入した泥Ｄａは更に下層の構築ブロック１，１群の空洞部２内に、開放した透孔７，７を通して落とし入れ、この下層構築ブロック１，１の開口部３から外部へ掻き出して水質浄化に貢献する。図面は省略したが、多目的法面を水質浄化として利用する場合においても、部屋２ａを小鳥その他の小動物の住処として巣作りさせる空間として、また植物を植生させる空間として利用することもでき、その場合は部屋２ａの胴側部１ａ前側に開口部３を穿設する。
【００３４】
【実施例】
図１１〜１３は構築ブロックの継合構成に係る実施例を示すもので、長さ方向に沿った空洞部２を有する胴側部１ａに、上下接合支持部４，４、背面支持部５、足踏み部をそれぞれ設け、足踏み部６上に空洞部２に通じる開口部３，３を穿設して成る構築ブロック１両端の開放口縁２ｃ，２ｃの一方の外径を空洞部２の断面形状と同じ円形のほか、空洞部の断面形状と同じ任意形状に小さく突出させて嵌合辺２ｄとし、他方の内径を前記嵌合辺２ｄの外径に相当すべき形状および大きさの受辺２ｅに拡大形成することにより、法面での構築ブロック１，１の継合について、一方の構築ブロック１の嵌合辺２ｄを他方の構築ブロック１の受辺２ｅに入れ子状に挿嵌結合して順次継合し、構築ブロック１，１群を構築するもので、水質浄化利用については嵌合辺２ｄと受辺２ｅ間に防水部材（図示省略）を介在させて継合する。
【００３５】
【実施例】
図１４，１５は構築ブロックの実施例を示し、胴側部１ａの外形を断面形状正八角形に形成し、空洞部２の内壁を円形にして構築ブロック１を構成し、断面八角形の平行する長さ方向に沿う上下辺を接合支持部４，４とし、上側接合支持部４に続く傾斜する前側辺を全長に亘る足踏み部６として開口部３を穿設すると共に、胴側部１ａ前側に足踏み兼用の握り杆９を植設し、垂直に配する後側辺を長さ方向に沿う両端部および中央部において前記接合支持部４，４と交わるべく互いに延長して背面支持部５，５を点設して成る。
【００３６】
この構築ブロック１，１による法面への構築構成は、図１５に示すように法面Ａの傾斜に沿って施したぐり石層（図示省略）面との間に裏打ちコンクリート代の間隔をおいて構築ブロック１，１を継合して据え付け、生コンクリートを裏込めしながら順次上方へ積層することにより、裏込めコンクリートＢにより固定支持された構築ブロック１，１群による多目的法面において、構築ブロック１群の上側接合支持部４の前側に続く前側辺が法面Ａの傾斜勾配によって略水平に形成されて足踏み部６を構成する。
【００３７】
【実施例】
この構築ブロック１による構築構造の他の実施例を図１６，１７を用いて説明すると、図１６は構築ブロック１，１群を積層構築した図で、空洞部２を有する胴側部１ａの長さ方向に沿う上下接合支持部４，４の前側を断面直角をなす上下二辺で形成して、上辺を足踏み部６、下辺を蹴上げ部６ｂとし、足踏み部６には空洞部２に通じる開口部３を、上下接合支持部４，４には同じく空洞部２に通じる透孔７，７をそれぞれ穿設して構築ブロック１を構成し、該構築ブロック１，１を１：１．５の勾配を有する法面Ａに施したぐり石層Ｃ面に上下に配して背面支持部５を添わせ据え、互いの接合支持部４，４を面接合しながら透孔７，７を合致させ開放状態に連通させて上方へ組積みし、順次長さ方向に沿って継合して構築することにより、構築ブロック１，１群による多目的法面に水平をなす足踏み部６と垂直な蹴上げ部６ｂで整然とした階段を形成して、法面での移動および作業がやり易くなる。
【００３８】
この多目的法面は水質浄化目的で用いるほか、図示するように構築ブロック１，１群に土壌Ｅを充填して植物を植生させ、前述の実施例のように積層構築した構築ブロック１，１群の胴側部１ａの上下接合支持部４，４に設けた開放状態の透孔７，７を連通させることにより、植物への過剰な水分を下層の構築ブロック１，１群へと順次落として土壌Ｅを透過する過程で浄水しながら河湖に還流させ、他方で植物の根腐れを起こさせない適度な水分を確保すると共に、植物１４の根１４ａを下層の構築ブロック１，１群の土壌Ｅへと伸延させることが可能であるため、比較的大きな木などの植物１４でも根１４ａを強く根付かせることかできることにより生育可能とした効果がある。
【００３９】
【実施例】
図１７において、前記図１６同様、胴側部１ａ前側を断面直角をなす足踏み部６と蹴上げ部６ｂに形成した構築ブロック１を、１：０．５の勾配を有する法面Ａへの構築構成として、構築ブロック１の足踏み部６の奥行きを短く、これに比し蹴上げ部６ｂを高く構成することにより、外径を嵩低く空洞部２の断面容積を可及的大きくすることができ、法面Ａに施したくり石層Ｃ面に配して胴側部１ａの後側に穿設した開口部３，３に、法面Ａの排水溝１２、伏流水抜き孔１３を接続して構築ブロック１，１群を組積み、その背面支持部５側に裏込めコンクリートＢを打ち込んで構築ブロック１，１による水質浄化法面を構築する。
【００４０】
また既述の部屋２ａを形成し、中筒２ｂを設けた構築ブロック１を一部に配することにより、前述のように部屋２ａを泥Ｄａを落とし溜めて掻き出す浄水用として利用することができ、さらに部屋２ａの空間を小動物が巣作りする住処に利用させることができる。
【００４１】
【実施例】
この構築ブロックによる構築構造の他の実施例を図１８〜２０により説明すると、空洞部２を有する胴側部１ａの全長に及ぶ上下に平行する扁平面から成る接合支持部４，４を相対して形成し、該胴側部１ａの前側中央部に足踏み部６を設け、その両側に開口部３，３を穿設すると共に、胴側部１ａ後側の中央部および両端部に扁平面から成る背面支持構築ブロック５，５を点設し、上下側両方またはいずれか一方の接合支持部４，４上に空洞部２に通じる透孔７，７を穿設して構築ブロック１を構成し、該構築ブロック１，１を河川の法面Ａに施したくり石層Ｃ面に長さ方向に沿って据えるべく、鉄筋コンクリート製の河床基礎部１７上に据え付けた下位の構築ブロック１中央部の背面支持部５上に、上位の構築ブロック１端部の背面支持部５が隣接させ、互いの透孔７，７を合致させながら接合支持部４，４を面接合して積み上げ、合致する透孔７，７に結合部材８ａ，８ａを楔状に打ち込み結合して布積み状の互い違いに積み上げ配して、構築ブロック１，１のくり石層Ｃとの間に裏込めコンクリートＢを打設し、これに順次長さ方向に沿って構築ブロック１，１の開放口縁２ｃ，２ｃ同士を継合して同様に積み上げ裏込めコンクリートＢ打ちして多目的法面を構成する。この構築ブロック１は背面支持構築ブロック５と上下接合支持部４，４との間に断面凹凸状のかみ合わせ部（嵌合部）を設けて上下組積みを強固に結合させているが、他の凹凸形状のかみ合わせ部（嵌合部）であってもよい。
【００４２】
この多目的法面は、上位の構築ブロック１，１群の空洞部１ａ，１ａには土壌Ｅを充填して植物１４，１４を植生し、下位の構築ブロック１，１の空洞部１ａ，１ａには家庭排水、水田排水などの一般排水、さらに工場排水、道路面排水、河湖水などを導入した水Ｄを流して、法面の長さ方向に沿う長い流動過程で空洞部２内に植生する苔などに接触透過することで浄化し、積極的には空洞部２内にカキ殻、活性炭、砂などの接触浄化部材を固定点設して長い流動過程にて水質浄化し、河床基礎部材１７上の河水Ｆに浸る構築ブロック１，１群では空洞部２が開口部３，３から流れ込んだ植物の枝等の残骸、植生する植物の根、さらに水中植物の植生など各種の巣材１８を収容する空間となり、これらの巣材１８が魚類など水中動物の住処、または洪水時の避難場所を形成して自然環境を一層良好し、同時に水質浄化作用をも為す。
【００４３】
また構築ブロック１，１の胴側部１ａ前側面を凹凸状の粗面（図示省略）に形成し、穿設した開口部３，３の位置により空洞部２内の土壌Ｅの余剰水または流水Ｄが溢れ伝い落ちることにより、凹凸状に複雑に入り組んだ粗面に水Ｄが伝い流れる環境を好む苔等１６が胴側部１ａ，１ａに着生し、これが水質浄化素材となって開口部３，３より溢れ伝い落ちる水Ｄを階段滝状に接触透過させて浄化し、河川に還流させる。
【００４４】
【実施例】
図２１は多目的構築ブロックによる法面構築構造の他の実施例を示し、法面Ａに積層構築した構築ブロック１，１群による水質浄化法面に、道路Ｇ面の側溝Ｇａを接続して排水を導入し、河川の流れ方向に沿う長く連続する空洞部２を所々透孔７，７により連通させて、一時の大雨にも河川の法面という広い斜面を貯水槽として利用して貯留し河川への流入を阻止して河川の増水を防ぐばかりでなく、透孔７，７を通して水Ｄを長く迂回させることにより水質浄化の作用効果を増大させる。
【００４５】
また、水田の稲の苗植え時期に苗代掻きすることで濁り水が発生し、これが梅雨時期でもあるため、水質のＢＯＤ値を高くし、さらに水質の富栄養化の元凶でもあるチッソ、リンをも含むこれら水田排水を、側溝水路を経て構築ブロック１，１による水質浄化法面に導入することにより、前記水質浄化の作用効果を働かせることができ、この水質浄化法面の空洞部２が河湖から水田に遡上する水中動物の魚道（通路）ともなって水田にこれまで生息していた生物が帰ってくる等、自然の生態系を維持する環境を形成する。
【００４６】
図２２は多目的構築ブロックの既設コンクリート法面への構築構造の一例を示し、１：０．３のような勾配の急な法面Ａにあって、構築ブロック１の後側に点設し、また全長に亘って設けた背面支持部５，５と交わる接合支持部４，４上に、長さ方向に沿って受溝１ｃ，１ｃを刻設し、既設コンクリート法面Ａａに上下
ルト１９の中杆部を挟嵌させて、両脚部１９ａ，１９ａを既設コンクリート法面Ａａ側に突出させて法面Ａａとの間に配した鉄筋群２１に連結し、他方、既設コンクリート法面Ａａの適所に先端２０ａを変形させたアンカーボルト２０を強嵌状に受け入れる支持孔Ａｂを穿設して打ち込み固定し、頭部を既設コンクリート法面Ａａから突出させて前記鉄筋群２１に連結した後、構築ブロック１，１と既設コンクリート法面Ａａとの間に裏込めコンクリートＢを打設して堅固な多目的法面を構築する。９は構築ブロック１，１の胴側部１ａ，１ａ前側に穿設した受
植物を開口部３，３を通して点検し、泥取り、水はけ、各層透孔（図示省略）を開閉して水を導入させるなどのメンテナンス作業の際の握り手となって、足踏み部６，６と相俟って法面に安全に停止して作業し、登り降りすることができるためのものである。この握り杆９は、既に説明したように構築ブロック１の全長に亘る手すり状のものを設けることもできる。
【００４７】
図２３は平面視で蛇行または彎曲する河湖の護岸法面において継合した構築ブロックを説明する平面略図、図２４は水平上の側面視で上下にアップダウンする河湖の護岸法面において継合した構築ブロックを説明する正面略図にして、蛇行または彎曲する河湖の護岸法面では、蛇行または彎曲する角度に応じて構築ブロック１，１の継合１ｅ，１ｅする開放口縁２ｃ，２ｃを、平面視で相対する双方または片方を斜めにコンクリート成形時に成形または切断し、アップダウンする河湖の護岸法面では、アップダウンする角度および方向に応じて構築ブロック１，１の継合１ｅ，１ｅする開放口縁２ｃ，２ｃを、水平状の正面視で相対する双方または片方を斜めにコンクリート成形時に成形し、または既に成形された構築ブロック１を切断して形成し継合１ｅ，１ｅして積層構築することにより、これら激流および淀み部分を形成する変形護岸法面に構築ブロック１，１による水質浄化、動植物が繁殖する自然な環境など多目的機能を付加してこれら機能を相乗促進させるもので、この成形または切断による斜め開放口縁２ｃ，２ｃの角度は、前記河湖の護岸法面の蛇行またはアップダウンの角度に準じて形成するもので、構築構造では前記谷組み状構築が適し、構築ブロック１，１の胴側部１ａ，１ａ端（開放口縁）同士の継合構成は、既に説明した構成のほか任意に継合する。
【００４８】
このように上記実施例で説明した法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックおよびその構築構造は、河湖の法面に河川であれば流れ方向に沿って、湖沼であればいずれかの方向に沿って構築ブロック１，１を既述のように法面等の長さ方向に及び長く接続した継合状態で法面の高さ方向の勾配に添わせて組積みするについて、長さ方向に勾配を付し、または付さずに組積み構築して、広く全長に及ぶ法面全体に水質浄化機能、さらに動植物を繁殖させる機能をもつ自然な環境、貯水機能などを備えた多目的法面を河湖護岸に施設することを特徴とし、河湖護岸の改修に新設し、また既設法面に重ね添わせて施設するもので、この多目的構築ブロックによに構築した構築構造を河川の護岸法面を例に挙げ、図２５，２６を用いて説明する。
【００４９】
図２５では、法面において構築ブロック１，１群の胴側部を流れ方向に沿い、且つ法面勾配に添って積層して、構築ブロック１，１群の嵌合辺２ｄと受辺２ｅによる入れ子状の継合部１ｅ，１ｅを、上下層において揃えた谷組み状に構築し、該構築ブロック１，１群を下流または上流に向かって流れるべく勾配を付けて構築することにより、長く連続する構築ブロック１，１群による水の流動過程において水質浄化作用をなし、下流または上流において構築ブロック１，１群の法面等の長さ方向に沿う傾斜勾配を利用して、また一定距離にて縦樋形の排水路（図示省略）を設けて河川に接続導入して還流させるもので、図示するように河川の河床勾配Ｈに比し構築ブロック１，１群の下流方向に沿って流す構築勾配Ｊを緩くすることにより、河川水位に最下位層の構築ブロック１，１群が位置する上流において、この河川水位と同位の最下位層の構築ブロック１，１群から河水Ｆを自然流入することができるため、順次これより下流の構築ブロック１，１による水質浄化法面の河床勾配Ｈより緩い勾配を利用して長い空洞部内を河水を流動させることができる。
【００５０】
図２６では、法面における構築ブロック１，１群の継ぎ管（図示省略）による継合部１ｅ，１ｅを、上下層において千鳥状の互い違いに配した布積み状に構築し、河水浄化機能を備えた法面を構成するもので、河川の河床勾配Ｈに対し構築ブロック１，１群の下流方向に沿って流す構築勾配Ｊを緩く形成して、河川水位に最下位層の構築ブロック１，１群が位置する上流において、この河川水位と同位の最下位層の構築ブロック１，１群から河水Ｆを自然流入することができることは前述の図２３同様であり、この布積み状構築構成では、継合部１ｅ，１ｅが各層互い違いに上下の構築ブロック１，１の直状胴側部１ａ，１ａで挟持状態で順次支持されるため、蛇行する河川の構築法面における増水時などの水流圧に対する耐圧性が高く堅牢となり、構築法面を頑強安全に構成することができる点に特徴がある。
【００５１】
構築ブロック１の大凡の大きさは、河湖などの護岸法面への構築構造からして、長さ１．５〜２ｍ、空洞部２の内径を０．２５〜１．５ｍに形成して使用することが適当であり、構築ブロック１の外形の断面形状も上記実施例で示した形状のほか任意の形状が考えられ、内径の断面形状についても既に説明した円形、八角形のほか、即脱方式および型枠方式を用いて成形することにより、楕円形、瓢箪形、八角形以外の多角形などに成形して使用することができる。
【００５２】
この構築ブロックによる構築構造は上記のように様々な河湖の護岸、道路の法面に形成することができるもので、例えば、川幅の大きな河川において通常の水位では左右岸間に河川敷状に拡がる緩急各種の法面に施設する場合に、最も高い位置にある主たる護岸である左右岸の比較的急な傾斜の法面では、構築ブロック１，１群の空洞部２に動植物に適した土壌を充填して比較的大きな開口部３，３により植物が植生し、小動物が出入りして生息すべき環境を形成し、法面の勾配に沿って階段状に形成された足踏み部６，６により岸壁勾配の法面を簡易に上り降りすることができ、また腰を掛けて休息するなどに利用する。
【００５３】
これに続く緩やかな傾斜の広大な法面には、非常な増水時にしか水位が来ないため、図５で説明したように比較的小さい透孔状の開口部３を穿設した構築ブロック１，１を形成して据え置き状に構築構成し、増水浸水時にも河水を開口部３，３を通して空洞部２の空間に流入させて空洞部２による構築ブロック１，１の浮力を解消し、構築ブロック１，１群の重力に加え流入河水の重力により不動に固定して流失しない堅固な法面を構成する。
【００５４】
この緩やかな傾斜の法面、即ち、川幅方向において主流に対し少し高位のこの法面上に、少し上流で主流から構築ブロック１，１による護岸構成により分枝させて導き入れで緩く流れる部分、所謂湾処（わんど）を形成すべく構築ブロック１，１で法面構成することにより、緩やかな流れの水際を条件とする葦などの植物が植生し、蛍、トンボ、魚などの小動物が巣くい繁殖する環境を形成して、河川の水質を前記蛍の幼虫が食する川蜷、トンボの幼虫などが生息することができる綺麗な水に浄化する法面を構築形成する。
【００５５】
このように緩急の法面が主流域部分にまで幾重にも形成されている広い川幅の河川では、各法面に応じた構成の構築ブロック１，１により順次空洞法面を構築し、前記機能を備えた環境の法面を主流域との関係で区分形成して昨今言われているビオトープを形成するもので、主流に接する法面を含む比較的急な法面では、全ての構築ブロック１，１群の空洞部２に水を流し、或いは単一層の一部分または層単位で空洞部２に土壌Ｅを充填し、さらには単一層の一部分または層単位で空洞部２を空状態にして、上記で説明した各種に利用し、河川の法面全体で自然の生態系を復元維持することができる環境を構築構成することにより水質浄化に貢献するものである。
【００５６】
【発明の効果】
この発明の法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックは上記で説明したように内側に空洞部を有し、胴側部に開口部を設けた筒状構成から成り、この多目的構築ブロックによる河川、湖沼の護岸、道路の法面への継合構築構造により、これら法面等を頑強に、且つ安価に構築することができるものであるが、この発明にあっては河湖などの護岸法面等の広い斜面に沿う内側に、法面等の限りなく長い長さ方向に沿って継合した長い空洞部を組積み形成して法面等の広い勾配斜面を有効に利用し、この法面等での長く広い空洞部に河水その他の排水を流入させ、長い流動過程で開口部から採り入れた光で空洞部壁に自然着生した苔などに接触透過することで流水が自然浄化され、または空洞部内に装填した接触透過浄化材を積極的に潜らせることにより浄化され、或いは空洞部内に土壌を充填して植物、小動物が植生生息すべく水分を有効に潤沢させ、土壌に浸透した余分の水分は土壌内を伏流して自然浄化し河湖に還流させることにより、河湖の水を美しくして前記環境基準値に近づけるものである。
【００５７】
加えて、河湖における全く水位の及ばない高位の法面または道路の法面の構築構成では、長い空洞部を空状態のままに利用して、これに開口部を経て土砂が自然堆積して植物が自然に根付いて繁り、それに花が付き法面一面を美しく彩って美しい眺めを構成し、河湖の法面にあっては足踏み部に腰掛けて直に鑑賞するなどの良好な水辺環境を形成し、或いは開口部を経て陸上の小動物、鳥類などが安全に巣作りすることができる等の自然繁殖を助ける良好な環境を形成することができ、この構築構造により昨今叫ばれている水辺の生態系を護り維持させるビオトープを実現させる護岸法面を構築構成する。
【００５８】
上記の効果から、河湖水を浄化する構築構造においては、民家密集地帯にあっては、護岸や法面に足踏み部を有する階段が形成され、内部に常時水が大量に貯留された防火用水ともなり、阪神淡路大震災のような大規模な火災において水道が遮断されたときに有効である。
【００５９】
さらに、地球温暖化の異常気象が見受けられる昨今での渇水期対策として、渇水期の水利用は、田畑に、また川に成育、生息する動植物の命を絶やさないなどの作用をなすと共に、構築ブロック群内を流れる水は、温度上昇を阻止する法面構成となって都会でのヒートアイランド現象を抑制し、この護岸法面は海風、陸風の通り道としての冷却効果もあり、河湖の自然な形態を呼び戻すことができ、延いては人間社会、自然界を十分配慮した環境を蘇らせるものである。
【００６０】
また、上流において増設される下水道処理場から排出される新たな処理水による河湖水の汚染度を考えたとき、この構築ブロックにより構築された広く長い護岸法面は河湖に次ぐ第二の浄化水路としての川であり、河湖を取り巻く生態系への配慮は、海にまで届いて海の生物にとっても良好な環境を造り、人間への水による複合汚染を阻止するには河湖水の浄化以外に見当たらなく、これを実現させたところにこの発明の特徴がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図である。
【図２】多目的構築ブロックの他の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図３】多目的構築ブロックの他の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図４】図３の多目的構築ブロックの側面図である。
【図５】図３の多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の実施例を一部縦断して示す側面図である。
【図６】図５の構築法面における多目的構築ブロックの一部継合部を縦断して示す正面図である。
【図７】多目的構築ブロックの他の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図８】図７の多目的構築ブロックの側面図である。
【図９】図７の多目的構築ブロックの要部を縦断して示す正面図である。
【図１０】図７の多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を一部縦断して示す側面図である。
【図１１】多目的構築ブロックの他の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図１２】図１１の多目的構築ブロックの側面図である。
【図１３】図１１の多目的構築ブロックの正面図である。
【図１４】多目的構築ブロックの他の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図１５】図１４の多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を一部縦断して示す側面図である。
【図１６】他の多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を一部縦断して示す側面図である。
【図１７】他の多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を一部縦断して示す側面図である。
【図１８】この発明を実施せる法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックを用いた構築した法面の構築構造の他の実施例を示す一部正面図である。
【図１９】図１８の構築法面におけるＹ−Ｙ線からの縦断面図である。
【図２０】図１８の構築法面におけるＺ−Ｚ線からの縦断面図である。
【図２１】多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を縦断して示す側面図である。
【図２２】多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を一部縦断して示す側面図である。
【図２３】蛇行彎曲する河湖等の護岸法面における多目的構築ブロックの継合構成を示す平面略図である。
【図２４】上下にアップダウンする河湖等の護岸法面における多目的構築ブロックの継合構成を示す正面略図である。
【図２５】この発明を実施せる法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を示す一部正面図である。
【図２６】この発明を実施せる法面等に施工する多目的構築ブロックを用いた法面の構築構造の他の実施例を示す一部正面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 構築ブロック
１ａ 胴側部
１ｂ 隔壁
１ｅ 継合部
２ 空洞部
２ａ 部屋
２ｂ 中筒
３ 開口部
４ 接合支持部
４ａ，４ｂ 嵌合部
５ 背面支持部
６ 足踏み部
７ 透孔
８ 栓
８ａ 結合部材
９ 握り杆
Ａ 法面
Ｄ 水
Ｄａ 泥
Ｅ 土壌[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building block having a hollow portion that is connected and laminated along the length direction of a seawall such as a river or a lake, a slope of a road, or the like. In addition, the construction cost is reduced by the slope structure constructed by connecting and laminating the slopes, etc., and the flow of water is made longer and the contact surface is enlarged by the detour flow using the space by the cavity, increasing the water purification efficiency. In addition, the present invention relates to a construction structure for ensuring the supply of water to plants and for inhabiting animals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, slopes of rivers, lakes and marshes, as well as slopes of roads and the like have been constructed by stacking with various blocks using concrete or directly hitting with formwork on site.
[0003]
These blocks or sloped constructions made of direct-cast concrete require a certain amount of wall thickness in order to ensure their strength.For blocks, the amount of concrete is reduced as much as possible in consideration of material costs and moving work. However, not only the structure becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost is increased, but also the assembling work on site is complicated and a long construction period is required.
[0004]
In addition, in the case of a direct hitting method using a formwork on site, a large amount of concrete is required in addition to a large-scale reinforcing work, which significantly increases the construction period and cost.
[0005]
By the way, the slopes and other structures that have been built so far have been dominated by concrete-filled construction structures that are entirely made of concrete, with emphasis on robustness. However, in recent years, rivers, roads, and other slopes have been redesigned to include such a dull full-face concrete-clad construction structure, and plants and plants grow visually, and moist natural seawalls, such as rivers, where small animals inhabit. The restoration of the environment came to be called out, and the River Law was revised.
[0006]
On the other hand, as an environmental standard for rivers and lakes, for example, in the environmental standard in Kinki, the phosphorus content in Lake Biwa is 0.01 mg / l, the nitrogen content is 0.2 mg / l, and the COD content is 1 0.0 mg / l or less, and in the Yodo River, the BOD content is 3 mg / l or less as an index based on water quality. On the other hand, it can be said that domestic effluent drained from homes has been slightly improved due to the improvement of sewerage systems, and the current situation is that it still does not meet the above standards due to the low rate of sewerage maintenance.
[0007]
In addition, domestic wastewater and field wastewater contaminated with detergents and inflow into rivers due to rainwater containing antifreeze sprayed on the road surface make it difficult for underwater animals and plants such as fish, insects and aquatic plants to grow. There is an unfavorable environment where river water is polluted and dirty water from these rivers is poured into large lakes, which are water bottles in cities. In order to improve this and approach the above-mentioned standard, various construction members and construction structures have been tried on the revetment of rivers and slopes of riverbeds, roads and the like.
[0008]
For example, on the revetment slopes of rivers, blocks with the shape of a square plate whose surface is formed in the style of natural stone are built up with gaps in some places, or cutouts are provided on the sides of the block surface to provide revetment slopes. By stacking, gaps are formed between the blocks on the constructed revetment slopes, where sediment naturally accumulates or fills, creating a natural environment that promotes plant vegetation and small animal habitat. ing.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the conventional block structure used for the slopes, etc., complicates the block structure in consideration of the strength of the slopes, and increases the construction period and the amount of concrete for the direct-casting construction structure. I was
[0010]
Further, even in a block that secures a natural environment, the gaps and spaces are too small to promote vegetation and habitat of animals and plants, and the structure is not sufficient for breeding plants. For this reason, only lustrous and vegetative plants with no luster are grown, and it is difficult to grow delicate plants that are moist and visually beautiful.The space that accommodates abundant earth and sand suitable for such plants and the structure that constantly lubricates moisture are not considered. Was.
[0011]
Therefore, in the blocks that take into account the natural environment up to now, in this type of slope construction etc., even if it is not enough to restore the natural environment in the above point, the vegetation of animals and plants and The habitat is constructed with due consideration. However, these slopes adopt river water, domestic drainage, road drainage, etc., and effectively use the flowing water for vegetation and inhabitation of animals and plants, as well as the idea of purifying sewage that is purified in the flow process and returned to the river. At present.
[0012]
In addition, the various blocks and building structures used up to now as slope building members have special block configurations and building configurations, such as notches provided on the sides of the block surface or stacking with gaps in place. The required manufacturing and construction costs were high.
[0013]
Therefore, while reducing the construction period and the amount of concrete on the concrete slope such as a building block and direct striking, and developing a building block and its building structure that ensure strength, on the other hand, further improving the breeding environment of plants, A cylindrical building block is constructed to form a continuous long space along the length direction of rivers and roads on these vast slopes, etc. Purify the flowing water and return it to the river, fill the contact purification material using the long hollow part of the building blocks, and grow moss and water-based plants with a space composition that is full of water, and activate the water purification action Or to fill the soil to breed flora and fauna to form a multi-purpose slope that is useful for environmental conservation, and to make slope building blocks at low cost. And, and aims to improve the work efficiency by the construction structure of the slopes easily.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in slopes and the like, and in order to meet the above-mentioned environmental standards, while ensuring strength, reducing the amount of concrete and simplifying the construction work, while purifying water in a long flowing process. We propose a multi-purpose building block that revives the function and the natural environment that promotes the propagation of animals and plants on the slope. We propose a construction structure that will greatly reduce construction costs.
[0015]
The multipurpose building block is a block used for connecting and joining a slope such as a river, a lake or a marsh along a slope or a road along a length direction of the slope, and stacking and building in a height direction of the slope. At least one opening communicating with the cavity is formed on the front side (one side) of the trunk side having a cavity along the length direction, and the foot step is formed at an appropriate position or over the entire length. Joining and supporting parts with parallel flat planes for stacking on the upper and lower sides of the barrel side along the length direction of the cylindrical (centrifugal fume pipe, quick-release pipe making, formwork pipe making, etc.) building block A flat surface that intersects the joint support portion at an appropriate position along the length direction of the rear side (the other side) of the trunk side portion (over the other side) or at an angle corresponding to an inclination angle of a slope, etc. Is formed by forming a back support consisting of Molded to make up.
[0016]
This cylindrical building block is sequentially connected and joined along the length direction of the slope or the like by any means such as a nesting type and a joint pipe type so that the rear support portion on the rear side is provided with the slope inclination. In order to build and build by connecting and connecting the building blocks of the next layer on the building blocks along the slope in the height direction, such as a slope, on the building blocks, Tubular building blocks that are connected and joined together while being placed on top and bottom face-to-face, stacked and stacked sequentially, and each layer building block group is built along the slope of the slope, and built and built A multi-purpose slope is constructed by forming a continuous cavity inside the slope by the opening, and an opening and a step-like step on the front side of the surface, and through a gutter (drain) at the end of the building block group or Directly connect to and guide rivers and lakes to form a building structure.
[0017]
When using slopes constructed by building blocks with a gradient along the length direction to purify water, river water is forcibly introduced into the upper building blocks using a pump, etc. Water (plant drainage, domestic drainage, paddy drainage, road drainage, etc.) is introduced using heads, flows through long cavities on vast slopes, etc., and depending on the amount of water, overflows from openings to build lower layers. Water is purified by absorbing water from the moss and algae that grew on the outside of the cavity and the torso by the light from the opening by dropping and dripping into the cavity of the block group through the opening. Further, oxygen is supplied to the water by photosynthesis, or the oxygen is supplied to the water, or is permeated through a contact permeation purifying material such as an oyster shell or charcoal loaded in a long hollow portion to purify the water and return to a gutter or a lake.
[0018]
In addition, the slope of the building block group constructed without gradient along the length direction is filled with soil adapted to the plant through the opening, and the plant is vegetated, and the precipitation or drainage penetrates In order to create a natural environment linked to water purification as a habitat for microorganisms including plants, small animals and bacteria as well as plants, and in the building blocks constructed underwater on the bottom floor of river lakes, River water flows into the cavity through the opening, underwater plants grow, and in addition to this, debris such as branches of flowing plants, roots of vegetated plants, etc., form habitats for fish etc. Improve the natural environment and contribute to water purification.
[0019]
On the front side of the slope etc. by the building block group, the stepped portion of each building block can be formed in a substantially horizontal step shape due to its laminated construction configuration, cleaning inside the cavity on the slope etc., contacting inside the cavity For maintenance of the inside of the cavity, such as loading of permeation purifying material or soil, and plant vegetation, when climbing up or down on slopes or working in the middle of slopes, it is easy to work and secure.
[0020]
The building block is constructed by forming a through-hole communicating with the cavity on the joint support part on both or both sides of the building block upper and lower sides, or one side, to form a building block, and building up and down while matching this through-hole Opposite joining support parts of the block group are placed in contact with each other, placed on top of each other, and piled up sequentially, and a plug made of an elastic material is tightly fitted to the matching through hole from the opening on the upper or lower building block so that it can be opened and closed. By closing, the mud accumulated at the bottom of the flow of water in the cavity of the upper building block is dropped into the lower building block by opening and closing the opening and closing mechanism by the plug and scooped out from the opening, and removed. In addition, the amount of water in the upper building block is introduced into the lower building block to purify the water by diverting the water flow for a long time, or the excess water in the soil loaded in the cavity is extracted into the lower building block and adjusted to adjust the plant and water. Ensuring environment suitable habitat for micro small animals, to purify more natural water quality by the action of organisms.
[0021]
In addition, the connecting members made of concrete or the like are tightly fitted using the vertically aligned through-holes, and the building blocks adjacent to each other are firmly connected and laminated one by one. Form a sturdy slope without movement.
[0022]
One of the building blocks is formed by partitioning the inside of the cavity of the body side portion with the opening formed by opposing partitions to form a room, and connecting the middle pipe so that both sides of the room communicate with each other between the partitions. In the water purification method, in which water is supplied to the cavity by the building blocks, the rooms in the lower building blocks are used as mud pools in the upper building blocks and introduced. By leaving the room empty, it can be used as a space where small animals nest naturally or a space where plants vegetate, and the natural environment can be prepared.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a multi-purpose building block constructed on a slope or the like and a construction structure thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 17 are diagrams illustrating a multi-purpose construction block and the construction structure thereof according to the present invention. 18 to 24, the construction state of rivers and lakes on the seawall using this multi-purpose construction block will be described.
[0024]
An embodiment of a multi-purpose building block constructed on a slope or the like for implementing the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective views showing an embodiment of a multi-purpose building block, respectively. A block used to construct a pile by connecting and joining the slopes of roads, etc. along the length direction of these slopes, etc. A fume tube method that uses force to form, a quick release method that solidifies while vibrating in the mold and pushes out of the mold to form, and a form that solidifies in the assembled form and disassembles and forms the form It is integrally formed by any method such as a method according to the configuration of the multipurpose building block.
[0025]
【Example】
Reference numeral 1 denotes a building block, which is a joining support portion 4 having flat parallel flat surfaces for stacking on the upper and lower sides over the entire length of a body side portion 1a having a cavity 2 therein along the length direction in FIG. 4 are formed facing each other, and fitting portions 4a and 4b of the concave and convex strips facing the rear side along the length direction on the flat surface of the joining support portions 4 and 4 are engraved, and the rear side (the other side) is formed. In (2), a back support portion 5 formed of a flat surface that intersects the joining support portions 4 at right angles or substantially at right angles over the entire length along the length direction is formed. The front side (one side) of the torso side 1a is formed into an uneven rough surface 1d on which a moss or the like grows due to water dripping on the constructed slope, and the arthropods can easily crawl up. When the back support part 5 of the building block 1 is installed and constructed in accordance with the slope gradient in the height direction of the slope, the back support part 5 has a slope angle that is horizontal or substantially horizontal, and has an uneven rough surface 6a for slip prevention. The stepped portion 6 is formed over the entire length, and the glasses-shaped openings 3 and 3 communicating with the cavity 2 are formed on the stepped portion 6 to form the building block 1 and molded by the above-described method. The shape of the opening 2 may be round, elliptical, long hole, square, or any other shape in addition to the above-mentioned glasses shape, and the size is also arbitrary depending on the condition of the slope and the application.
Reference numeral 9 denotes an annular gripping rod implanted on the front side of the body side portion 1a, which is implanted or pierced during molding.
The gripping rod 9 may have both legs planted in the vertical direction, and a plurality of points or a long handrail extending over the entire length of the trunk side 1a. It is also possible to form and provide a rod shape.
[0026]
【Example】
In FIG. 2, the back support portion 5 is formed in a state of intersecting at a right angle or a substantially right angle with the joining support portions 4 and 4 provided on the upper and lower sides along the length direction of the building block body side portion 1a. The rear support portions 5, 5 are provided at appropriate positions at both ends and the central portion along the length direction of the side (the other side), and the front side (one side) opposed to the rear support portions 5, 5 is constructed similarly to FIG. At the same time, the footsteps 6, 6 are provided with an inclined angle that is horizontal or substantially horizontal, and are provided with a roughened surface 6a, and a cavity is formed above the front side (one side) of the trunk side 1a between the footsteps 5, 5. The building block 1 is formed by piercing the long holes 3 and 3 leading to 2, and is formed by the above method. Reference numeral 1c denotes a receiving groove provided along the length direction near the rear side of the upper and lower joint supporting portions 4 and 4 for receiving an anchor bolt arranged on the backfill concrete side at the time of building on a slope described later. Things.
[0027]
【Example】
Next, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 17, each embodiment of the multi-purpose building block and the building structure to be constructed on the slope or the like will be described. In FIGS. 3 to 6, the cavity 2 is provided along the length direction. On the upper and lower sides over the entire length of the trunk side portion 1a of the tubular building block 1, joining support portions 4, 4 having mutually parallel flat surfaces for stacking are formed facing each other, and the length of the rear side (the other side) is formed. A back support 5 composed of a flat surface that intersects at right angles or substantially at right angles with the joining support portions 4 is formed over the entire length along the vertical direction. Receiving grooves 4c, 4c into which the anti-suction member 10 is inserted are provided on the rear side with fitting portions 4a, 4b of concave and convex strips vertically opposed to each other, and a right angle to the upper joint supporting portion 4 above the front side of the body side portion 1a. The stepped portion 6 having the rough surface 6a inclined at an angle close to Formed, constituting the building blocks 1 to Ten設 the hole-shaped openings 3, 3 leading to the cavity 2 in the lower front side.
[0028]
【Example】
An embodiment of a construction structure in which the construction block 1 is used to stack on a very gentle slope having a slope of 1: 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. A back support 5 of the building block 1 is installed along the longitudinal direction of the slope A along the length direction, and a back support of the next building block 1 connected to the installed building block 1 in the length direction. Similarly, the joint pipe 11 is fitted over the inner walls of the open rims 2c, 2c while being installed on the garbage layer C of the slope A, and a waterproof member is provided between the rims of the open mouths 2c, 2c. (Not shown) are sequentially joined along the length direction, and the joined building blocks 1 and 1 are connected to each other by the upper building blocks 1 and 1 along the slope A slope. Rubber, asphalt, etc. are inserted into the receiving grooves 4c, 4c so that the parts 4, 4 are surface-bonded. The back support part 5 is installed on the cobblestone layer C and assembled while the fitting parts 4a and 4b are engaged with each other while fitting the string-shaped sediment suction preventing material 10 made of a soft elastic material. The construction structure is constructed by joining them together. Further, the earth and sand suction preventing material 10 can be constructed by being inserted between the fitting portions 4a and 4b facing each other.
[0029]
By forming a steep angle of the stepping portion 6 of the building block 1 with respect to the joint supporting portion 4 at a steep angle close to 90 °, when building and constructing on a very gentle slope A, the building block 1 was formed. Since the footsteps 6 and 6 on the slope are secured substantially horizontally and are formed in steps at equal intervals up and down, climbing and descending of the construction slope can be performed easily and safely.
[0030]
The construction slope by the construction block 1 is constructed by connecting and connecting the construction blocks 1 and 1 having a hollow portion 2 and having an economical tubular construction with a small amount of concrete for a long time to form a masonry. The robust performance of the building blocks 1, 1 is effectively used. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, when the slope A is constructed so as to be used only for the staircase configuration, at the time of flood inundation on the revetment of the river, the lake water flows into the cavities 2, 2 through the openings 3, 3. By filling the building blocks 1 and 1 on the slope A, the weight of the building blocks 1 and 1 on the slope A is increased, and buoyancy due to the empty state of the cavity 2 is eliminated, and the building blocks 1 and 1 on the slope A are increased by increasing water. Prevents the group from collapsing, and forms a solid construction slope by immobilizing the group of building blocks 1 and 1 immovably on the slope A. The opening 3 is perforated and relatively small. I do.
[0031]
【Example】
Referring to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, in FIGS. 7 to 9, the joining support portions 4 and 4 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the trunk side portion 1 a, and the back support portion 5 which intersects at right angles or substantially at right angles is provided on the rear side. In the building block 1, the back support portions 5 are formed so as to be scattered at three places (appropriate places) at both ends and a center portion along the length direction of the body side portion 1a, and the back support portions 5 are formed between the back support portions 5 and 5. Elbows 5a, 5a are projected from the rear side of the torso side 1a, and a foot step 6 over the entire length is inclined above the joint supporting part 4 above the front side surface of the torso side 1a formed on the rough surface 1d. Are formed gently, and the elongated openings 3, 3 communicating with the cavity 2 on the stepping portion 6 are opposed to each other when both or any of the upper and lower joining support portions 4, 4 are stacked vertically. Through holes 7, 7 communicating with the cavity 2 are respectively formed at predetermined matching positions, and the upper and lower joint supporting portions 4 are formed. The room 2a is formed by partitioning a part of the cavity 2 incorporating the through holes 7, 7 provided opposite to each other by partition walls 1b, 1b opposed to each other on the left and right sides, and the cavity 2 cut off on both sides by the room 2a. , 2 is formed by connecting a middle cylinder 2b in a penetrating manner between the partition walls 1b, 1b. The building block 1 reduces the amount of concrete by arranging the back support portions 5 and makes the protruding elbows 5a bite into the backfill concrete B portion on the slope A of the building structure in a grip-like manner. The fixing of 1,1 to the slope A is strengthened.
[0032]
Referring to FIG. 10, an embodiment of a building structure in which the building blocks 1 are stacked on a very steep slope A having a gradient of 1: 0.5 will be described with reference to FIG. The rear support portions 5, 5 on the rear side of the group are arranged along the surface of the borrowed stone layer (not shown) laid and constructed on the slope A, and the rear side of the building block 1 and the first group and the treble layer (not shown). Then, the backing concrete B is driven into the gap and installed, and the upper building blocks 1 and 1 are aligned with the through holes 7 and 7 on the building blocks 1 and 1 and the joint supporting portions 4 and 4 are interviewed. The multi-purpose slope structure is constructed by successively constructing a multi-purpose slope structure, and a plug 8 made of an arbitrary material such as concrete, hard rubber, metal or the like is inserted in the through holes 7, 7 which are brought into conformity with each other. A hand is inserted through the opening 3 on the side of FIG. 7 openably constituting.
[0033]
When this multipurpose slope is used for water purification, the room 2a in the cavity 2 is used as a mud storage chamber for the upper building blocks 1 and 1 group, and the upper stopper 8 is put out of the opening 3 by hand and pulled out. Mud Da or the like deposited on the bottom of water D flowing in the cavities 2 of the building blocks 1 and 1 is dropped into the room 2a and introduced, and the water D in the cavities 2 of the upper building blocks 1 and 1 is introduced. In addition to improving the flow, the turbidity due to the mud Da is eliminated, the through holes 7, 7 are fitted and closed again with the stopper 8, and the mud Da introduced into the room 2a is further hollowed out in the lower building blocks 1, 1 group. The lower building blocks 1 and 1 are scraped out of the lower building blocks 1 and 1 into the outside through the open through holes 7 and 7 to contribute to water purification. Although the drawings are omitted, even when the multipurpose slope is used for water purification, the room 2a can be used as a space for nesting as a place for small birds and other small animals, and also as a space for vegetation. Is provided with an opening 3 in front of the trunk side 1a of the room 2a.
[0034]
【Example】
11 to 13 show an embodiment according to a joining structure of building blocks, in which a torso side portion 1a having a cavity portion 2 extending in a longitudinal direction is provided with upper and lower joint supporting portions 4, 4, a back supporting portion 5, A stepped portion is provided, and openings 3 and 3 are formed on the stepped portion 6 so as to communicate with the hollow portion 2. In addition to the same circular shape as the above, the fitting side 2d is made to protrude into an arbitrary shape that is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the cavity, and the other inside diameter is a receiving side 2e having a shape and size that should correspond to the outside diameter of the fitting side 2d. When the building blocks 1 and 1 are joined on the slope, the fitting side 2d of the one building block 1 is nested and connected to the receiving side 2e of the other building block 1 by joining. It is to be connected sequentially to build the building blocks 1 and 1 group. There are the interposed waterproof member (not shown) between Hamagohen 2d and 受辺 2e to engagement with.
[0035]
【Example】
FIGS. 14 and 15 show an embodiment of a building block, in which the outer shape of the trunk side portion 1a is formed in a regular octagonal cross-sectional shape, and the inner wall of the cavity 2 is circular to form the building block 1, and the octagonal cross-section is parallel. The upper and lower sides along the length direction are the joining support portions 4, 4, and the opening 3 is formed as the stepping portion 6 extending over the entire length on the front side that slopes following the upper joining support portion 4, and the front side of the trunk side portion 1 a is formed. The gripping rod 9 is also implanted, and the rear side vertically arranged is extended at both ends and the center along the length direction so as to intersect with the joint supporting parts 4, 4 and the rear supporting parts 5, 5 are extended. It consists of dot.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 15, the construction of the building block on the slope by the building blocks 1 and 1 is such that an interval of the backing concrete allowance is provided between the building block and the borrowed stone layer (not shown) provided along the slope of the slope A. The building blocks 1 and 1 are joined and installed, and the fresh concrete is backed up sequentially while being backed up. A front side following the front side of the group of upper joint supporting portions 4 is formed substantially horizontally by the slope gradient of the slope A to form the foot step portion 6.
[0037]
【Example】
Another embodiment of the construction structure using the construction block 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17. FIG. 16 is a view in which the construction blocks 1 and 1 are stacked and constructed. The front side of the upper and lower joint supporting portions 4 and 4 along the vertical direction is formed by two upper and lower sides forming a right angle in cross section, the upper side is a stepping portion 6, the lower side is a kick-up portion 6 b, and the stepping portion 6 has an opening leading to the hollow portion 2. The upper and lower joint supporting portions 4 and 4 are also provided with through holes 7 and 7 communicating with the hollow portion 2 to form a building block 1. The back support part 5 is attached and installed vertically on the surface of the stone layer C provided on the slope A having a slope, and the through-holes 7, 7 are aligned with each other while the support parts 4, 4 are joined to each other and opened. By building up by connecting to the state and building up sequentially and joining along the length direction, To form an orderly stairs foot section 6 and the vertical riser portion 6b forming the horizontal multi-purpose slopes by Built blocks 1,1 group consisting facilitate movement and working in slopes.
[0038]
This multipurpose slope is used not only for water purification but also for building blocks 1 and 1 as shown in FIG. By passing through the open holes 7, 7 provided in the upper and lower joint supporting portions 4, 4 of the trunk side portion 1a of the torso, excessive moisture to the plant is sequentially dropped to the lower building block 1, 1 group. In the process of permeating the soil E, the water is returned to the river lake while purifying the water, and on the other hand, the root 14a of the plant 14 is secured with an appropriate amount of water so as not to cause root rot, and the roots 14a of the plant 14 are disposed in the lower building blocks 1, 1 Since it is possible to extend the root 14a, it is possible to grow the plant 14 such as a relatively large tree by strongly rooting the root 14a.
[0039]
【Example】
In FIG. 17, similarly to FIG. 16, the construction block 1 in which the front side of the torso side 1a is formed in the footstep 6 and the riser 6b having a right angle in cross section is constructed on a slope A having a gradient of 1: 0.5. By shortening the depth of the step portion 6 of the building block 1 and increasing the riser portion 6b in comparison with this, the outer diameter is low and the sectional volume of the hollow portion 2 is as large as possible. The drainage groove 12 and the underflow drain hole 13 of the slope A are connected to the openings 3 and 3, which are arranged on the surface of the gangue layer C provided on the surface A and formed on the rear side of the trunk side 1a. The blocks 1 and 1 are assembled, and backfill concrete B is driven into the back support 5 side to construct a water purification slope by the building blocks 1 and 1.
[0040]
In addition, by forming the above-described room 2a and partially arranging the building block 1 provided with the middle cylinder 2b, the room 2a can be used for water purification for dropping and collecting mud Da as described above. Furthermore, the space of the room 2a can be used as a place where small animals nest.
[0041]
【Example】
Another embodiment of the construction structure using this construction block will be described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 20. The joining support portions 4 and 4 composed of vertically parallel flat flat surfaces extending over the entire length of the body side portion 1a having the cavity portion 2 are opposed to each other. A stepped portion 6 is provided at the front central portion of the trunk side portion 1a, openings 3 and 3 are formed on both sides thereof, and a flat portion is formed at the central portion and both ends at the rear side of the trunk side portion 1a. The rear-side support building blocks 5 and 5 are dotted, and through holes 7 and 7 communicating with the cavity 2 are formed on both or one of the upper and lower joint supporting portions 4 and 4, thereby forming the building block 1. In order to install the building blocks 1 and 1 along the length direction on the surface of the gangue layer C provided on the slope A of the river, the central part of the lower building block 1 installed on the reinforced concrete riverbed foundation 17 is used. Back support of the end of the upper building block 1 on the back support 5 5, the supporting members 4, 4 are surface-joined and piled up while matching the through holes 7, 7 with each other, and the connecting members 8a, 8a are driven into the matching through holes 7, 7 in a wedge shape and connected to each other. The piles are staggered and the backfill concrete B is cast between the cobblestone layers C of the building blocks 1 and 1, and the opening openings of the building blocks 1 and 1 are sequentially arranged along the length direction. The edges 2c, 2c are joined together, and similarly piled and backfilled with concrete B to form a multipurpose slope. The building block 1 is provided with a mating portion (fitting portion) having a concave-convex cross section between the back support building block 5 and the upper and lower joining supporting portions 4 and 4, thereby firmly connecting the upper and lower piles. An engaging portion (fitting portion) having an uneven shape may be used.
[0042]
In this multipurpose slope, the cavities 1a, 1a of the upper building blocks 1, 1 are filled with soil E to plant the plants 14, 14, and the cavities 1a, 1a of the lower building blocks 1, 1 are vegetated. Flows the general drainage such as domestic drainage and paddy drainage, as well as factory drainage, road surface drainage, river water, and other water D, and vegetates in the cavity 2 in a long flow process along the length direction of the slope. Purification by contact and permeation with moss and the like. Positively, a contact purification member such as oyster shell, activated carbon, sand, etc. is fixedly provided in the hollow portion 2 to purify water in a long flow process. In the building blocks 1 and 1 immersed in the upper river water F, the cavities 2 form various nesting materials 18 such as remnants such as plant branches flowing from the openings 3 and 3, vegetation roots, and vegetation of underwater plants. The nesting material 18 is a space for accommodating underwater animals such as fish, The other is better the natural environment to form a shelter at the time of the flood, it makes even the water purification effect at the same time.
[0043]
Further, the front side surface of the trunk side portion 1a of the building blocks 1, 1 is formed in a rough surface (not shown) having an uneven shape, and the excess water or flowing water of the soil E in the hollow portion 2 depends on the positions of the openings 3, 3 formed. As the D overflows and falls, moss or the like 16 which prefers an environment in which the water D flows and flows on the rough surface complicated and intricately formed on the body side portions 1a, 1a, becomes a water purification material and becomes an opening. The water D overflowing from 3, 3 is contacted and permeated in the form of a step waterfall to purify the water D and return it to the river.
[0044]
【Example】
FIG. 21 shows another embodiment of a slope construction structure using a multi-purpose construction block. A drainage surface is connected by connecting a gutter Ga on a road G surface to a water purification slope surface composed of a group of construction blocks 1 and 1 stacked and constructed on a slope A. And the continuous long cavity 2 along the flow direction of the river is communicated in some places by through-holes 7, so that even in case of heavy rain, the wide slope of the slope of the river is used as a storage tank to store the river. In addition to preventing the inflow of water D into the river, the effect of water purification can be increased by diverting the water D through the through holes 7, 7 for a long time.
[0045]
In addition, turbid water is generated by scratching the seedlings at the time of planting rice seedlings in the paddy field, and this is also the rainy season, so the BOD value of the water quality is increased, and Chisso and phosphorus, which are also the cause of eutrophication of the water quality, are removed. By introducing these paddy drainage including water into the water purification slope by the building blocks 1 and 1 via the gutter canal, the effect of the water purification can be exerted, and the cavity 2 of the water purification slope becomes river. It forms an environment that maintains the natural ecosystem, such as the creatures that have inhabited the paddy field returning as paddleways for underwater animals that run upstream from the lake to the paddy field.
[0046]
FIG. 22 shows an example of a construction structure of a multipurpose building block on an existing concrete slope, which is located on a slope A having a steep slope such as 1: 0.3, and is dotted behind the building block 1. Further, receiving grooves 1c, 1c are engraved along the length direction on the joint supporting portions 4, 4 which intersect with the back supporting portions 5, 5 provided over the entire length, and are vertically formed on the existing concrete slope Aa.
The middle rod portion of the bolt 19 is clamped, and both legs 19a, 19a are protruded toward the existing concrete slope Aa side to be connected to the reinforcing bar group 21 arranged between the slope and the slope Aa. A support hole Ab for receiving the anchor bolt 20 whose tip 20a was deformed in a tight fit was drilled and fixed in place at Aa, and the head was protruded from the existing concrete slope Aa and connected to the reinforcing bar group 21. Thereafter, backfill concrete B is cast between the building blocks 1 and 1 and the existing concrete slope Aa to build a solid multipurpose slope. Reference numeral 9 denotes a receiving hole formed on the front side of the body side portions 1a, 1a of the building blocks 1, 1.
The plants are inspected through the openings 3 and 3 and serve as grips for maintenance work such as removing mud, draining, opening and closing each layer through hole (not shown), and introducing water. Together, they allow you to safely stop and work on the slope and climb up and down. As described above, the gripping rod 9 may be provided as a handrail extending over the entire length of the building block 1.
[0047]
FIG. 23 is a schematic plan view illustrating the building blocks joined on the seawall slope of a meandering or curved river lake in a plan view, and FIG. 24 is a schematic view of the seawall slope of a river lake rising and falling vertically in a horizontal side view. In a schematic front view illustrating the combined building block, on the seawall slope of a meandering or curved river lake, the open edges 2c, 2c at which the building blocks 1, 1 are joined 1e, 1e according to the meandering or curved angle. Is formed or cut diagonally at the time of concrete molding, either or both of them facing each other in a plan view. , 1e are formed by shaping both or one of the open rims 2c, 2c facing each other in a horizontal front view at the time of concrete forming, or by cutting the building block 1 already formed. Multi-purpose functions such as water purification by the building blocks 1, 1 and a natural environment where animals and plants breed are added to the deformed revetment slopes that form these torrents and stagnation parts by laminating and constructing these seams 1e, 1e. The angle of the diagonally open rims 2c, 2c formed by this molding or cutting is formed in accordance with the meandering or up-down angle of the revetment slope of the river lake. In this case, the valley-like construction is suitable, and the joining structure between the body side portions 1a and 1a ends (opening edges) of the building blocks 1 and 1 is arbitrarily joined in addition to the already-described structure.
[0048]
As described above, the multi-purpose building block and the building structure to be constructed on the slope or the like described in the above-described embodiment are along the flow direction in the case of a river on the slope of a river or along any direction in the case of a lake. As described above, the building blocks 1 and 1 are stacked in the length direction of the slope and the like along the length direction of the slope in the connected state as described above. With or without the addition, the construction of a multi-purpose slope with a water purification function, a natural environment with the ability to breed flora and fauna, a water storage function, etc. It is characterized by being installed on the revetment of lakes, newly built for rehabilitation of river revetments, and installed alongside existing slopes. Will be described as an example with reference to FIGS.
[0049]
In FIG. 25, on the slope, the body side portions of the building blocks 1 and 1 are stacked along the flow direction and along the slope of the slope to form a fitting side 2d and a receiving side 2e of the building blocks 1 and 1. The nested joints 1e, 1e are constructed in a valley-like form aligned in the upper and lower layers, and the construction blocks 1 and 1 are constructed with a gradient so as to flow downstream or upstream, so as to be long and continuous. Water purification process is performed in the process of flowing water by the building blocks 1 and 1 and the slopes along the length direction of the slopes of the building blocks 1 and 1 are used at the downstream or the upstream. A drainpipe (not shown) of a downpipe type is provided to connect to the river and introduce and return the water. As shown in the figure, the water flows along the downstream direction of the building blocks 1 and 1 compared to the riverbed gradient H of the river. By reducing the construction gradient J, In the upstream where the lowest level building blocks 1 and 1 are located at the river water level, the river water F can naturally flow in from the lowest level building blocks 1 and 1 at the same level as the river water level. The river water can flow in the long hollow portion by using a gradient lower than the riverbed gradient H of the water purification slope by the downstream building blocks 1 and 1.
[0050]
In FIG. 26, connecting portions 1 e, 1 e formed by connecting pipes (not shown) of the building blocks 1, 1 on the slope are constructed in a staggered and staggered stacking shape in the upper and lower layers to provide a river water purification function. A slope having a lower slope in the river water level by forming a construction gradient J that flows along the downstream direction of the building blocks 1 and 1 with respect to the riverbed gradient H of the river. In the upstream where the first group is located, the river water F can naturally flow in from the lowest building blocks 1 and 1 at the same level as the river water level, as in FIG. 23 described above. Since the joints 1e, 1e are supported alternately in the respective layers in a sandwiched state by the straight body side portions 1a, 1a of the upper and lower building blocks 1, 1, the water flow at the time of rising water on the construction slope of the meandering river, etc. High pressure resistance and robustness It is characterized in that it is possible to robustly safe construction building slopes.
[0051]
The approximate size of the building block 1 is 1.5 to 2 m in length and the inner diameter of the cavity 2 is 0.25 to 1.5 m, based on the building structure on the revetment slopes such as river lakes. It is appropriate to use it, and the cross-sectional shape of the outer shape of the building block 1 may be any shape other than the shape shown in the above embodiment. By molding using a demolding method and a mold method, it can be molded into an elliptical shape, a gourd shape, a polygon other than an octagon and used.
[0052]
The building structure by this building block can be formed on the revetment of various river lakes and the slopes of roads as described above.For example, in a wide river, at a normal water level, it spreads like a riverbed between the right and left banks When installing on various slopes, on the slopes with relatively steep slopes on the right and left shores, which are the main revetments at the highest position, soil suitable for animals and plants is placed in the cavity 2 of the building blocks 1 and 1 group. The vegetation is formed by filling the relatively large openings 3 and 3 and the environment where small animals enter and exit to form a habitat, and the quay is formed by the stepped portions 6 and 6 formed along the slope of the slope. It can easily go up and down the slope of the slope, and can be used to sit down and rest.
[0053]
Since the water level comes only on a very large slope with a gentle slope following this, the building block 1 has a relatively small perforated opening 3 as shown in FIG. 1 and is constructed in a stationary manner, and the river water is caused to flow into the space of the cavity 2 through the openings 3 and 3 even when the water is flooded, thereby eliminating the buoyancy of the construction blocks 1 and 1 due to the cavity 2. In addition to the gravity of the 1st and 1st group, it is fixed immovably by the gravity of the incoming river water and forms a solid slope that does not run off.
[0054]
On this slope with a gentle slope, that is, on this slope that is slightly higher than the mainstream in the river width direction, a portion that flows slightly upstream by branching from the mainstream by the seawall configuration by the building blocks 1 and 1, By constructing the slopes with building blocks 1 and 1 to form a so-called bay, plants such as reeds vegetated under the condition of a gently flowing shore, vegetation, and small animals such as fireflies, dragonflies and fish An environment for nesting and breeding is formed to construct a slope that purifies the water quality of the river into clear water that can be inhabited by the larvae of the firefly larva and the larva of the dragonfly.
[0055]
In the case of a river having a wide river width in which a gentle slope is formed in multiple layers up to the main basin, a hollow slope is sequentially constructed by the building blocks 1 and 1 configured according to each slope. The slope of the environment equipped with is formed in a manner that is divided in relation to the main basin to form a biotope that has recently been referred to. In the case of a relatively steep slope including the slope in contact with the main stream, all the building blocks 1 Water is poured into a group of cavities 2, or the soil E is filled into the cavities 2 in a part or layer of a single layer, and the cavities 2 are emptied in a part or layer of a single layer, The system contributes to water purification by constructing and constructing an environment that can restore and maintain the natural ecosystem on the entire slope of the river, utilizing the above-mentioned various types.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
The multi-purpose building block constructed on the slope or the like according to the present invention has a cylindrical configuration having a hollow portion on the inside and an opening provided on the trunk side as described above. It is possible to build these slopes robustly and inexpensively by the seawall and the construction of the joint to the road slopes. On the inside along the wide slope of the slope, a long hollow part joined along the infinitely long length direction of the slope etc. is piled up to make effective use of the wide slope slope such as the slope. The river water and other wastewater flow into the long and wide cavity in the area, and light taken in from the opening during the long flow process makes contact with and penetrates moss and the like that naturally settled on the cavity wall, thereby purifying the flowing water, or To actively immerse the contact permeation purification material loaded in the department Or the soil is filled in the cavity to effectively water the plants and small animals for vegetation. By doing so, the water of the river is beautifully made closer to the environmental standard value.
[0057]
In addition, in the construction of high slopes or road slopes that have no water level in rivers and lakes, the long cavities are left empty and sediment naturally accumulates through the openings. Plants take root and prosper naturally, flowers are attached to the slopes, and the slopes are beautifully colored to compose a beautiful view.On the slopes of river lakes, a good waterfront environment is provided, such as sitting on a footstep and directly watching. It is possible to create a favorable environment for natural breeding, such as formation or nesting of small animals and birds on land through the opening. Construct and construct a seawall slope to realize a biotope that protects and maintains ecosystems.
[0058]
Based on the above effects, in the construction structure for purifying river water, in densely populated private houses, stairs with footsteps on seawalls and slopes are formed, and fire protection water in which a large amount of water is constantly stored inside is also used. It is effective when the water supply is shut down in a large-scale fire such as the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.
[0059]
In addition, as a countermeasure against drought during the recent drought season when global warming abnormal weather can be seen, water use during the drought season will not only endanger the life of flora and fauna that grows and inhabits the fields and rivers. The water flowing in the block group has a slope structure that prevents temperature rise and suppresses the heat island phenomenon in urban areas.This revetment slope also has a cooling effect as a path for sea breeze and land breeze, and the natural features of rivers and lakes It can revive the form and eventually revives an environment that fully considers human society and the natural world.
[0060]
Also, considering the degree of pollution of river water by newly treated water discharged from the sewerage treatment plant that is added upstream, the wide and long revetment slope constructed by this building block is the second purification river next to river lakes. It is a river as a waterway, and consideration for ecosystems surrounding rivers and lakes creates a favorable environment for marine organisms to reach the sea and purifies river water to prevent humans from multiple water pollution. There is a feature of the present invention where this has been realized without any other finding.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a multipurpose building block.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a multi-purpose building block.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the multipurpose building block of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing an embodiment of a slope construction structure using the multi-purpose construction block of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a front view showing a longitudinal section of a part of a multipurpose building block on the building slope of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a multipurpose building block.
FIG. 8 is a side view of the multipurpose building block of FIG.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing a main part of the multipurpose building block of FIG. 7 in a longitudinal section.
FIG. 10 is a side view showing another embodiment of a slope construction structure using the multi-purpose construction block of FIG.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the multipurpose building block.
FIG. 12 is a side view of the multipurpose building block of FIG.
FIG. 13 is a front view of the multipurpose building block of FIG.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a multi-purpose building block.
FIG. 15 is a side view showing another embodiment of a slope construction structure using the multi-purpose construction block of FIG.
FIG. 16 is a side view of another embodiment of a slope construction structure using another multi-purpose construction block, which is partially longitudinally shown.
FIG. 17 is a side view of another embodiment of a slope construction structure using another multi-purpose construction block, partially cut away.
FIG. 18 is a partial front view showing another embodiment of a construction structure of a slope constructed using a multi-purpose construction block constructed on a slope or the like for implementing the present invention.
19 is a vertical sectional view taken along line YY in the construction surface of FIG. 18.
FIG. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line ZZ in the construction method of FIG. 18.
FIG. 21 is a side view showing another embodiment of a slope construction structure using a multi-purpose construction block.
FIG. 22 is a side view showing another embodiment of the construction structure of the slope using the multi-purpose construction block.
FIG. 23 is a schematic plan view showing a joint configuration of multipurpose building blocks on a seawall such as a meandering river lake.
FIG. 24 is a schematic front view showing a joint configuration of multi-purpose building blocks on a seawall such as a river lake that goes up and down.
FIG. 25 is a partial front view showing another embodiment of a slope construction structure using a multi-purpose building block constructed on a slope or the like for implementing the present invention.
FIG. 26 is a partial front view showing another embodiment of a slope construction structure using a multi-purpose building block constructed on a slope or the like for carrying out the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 building blocks
1a Body side
1b partition
1e Joint
2 cavity
2a room
2b middle cylinder
3 opening
4 Joining support
4a, 4b fitting part
5 Back support
6 Stepping part
7 Through-hole
8 stopper
8a Connecting member
9 gripping rod
A slope
D water
Da mud
E soil
