JP2004065123A - Method for greening floor surface of building - Google Patents

Method for greening floor surface of building Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004065123A
JP2004065123A JP2002229819A JP2002229819A JP2004065123A JP 2004065123 A JP2004065123 A JP 2004065123A JP 2002229819 A JP2002229819 A JP 2002229819A JP 2002229819 A JP2002229819 A JP 2002229819A JP 2004065123 A JP2004065123 A JP 2004065123A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
greening
rooftop
floor
lava
ivy
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Pending
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JP2002229819A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshiaki Sato
佐藤 俊明
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Natu Rock Japan Co Ltd
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Natu Rock Japan Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002229819A priority Critical patent/JP2004065123A/en
Publication of JP2004065123A publication Critical patent/JP2004065123A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32Roof garden systems

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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for greening the floor surface of a building, for realizing vegetation diversity even on a rooftop, or the like, as well as facilitating the maintenance with small load burden and low possibility of moulding scattering due to wind and breakage of a greening facility. <P>SOLUTION: This method for greening the floor surface of a building comprises the following practice. Panels 1 cladded with lava 3 are laid over the floor surface at a rooftop, a lightweight medium 5 is provided at the edge of the rooftop by mixing crushed active carbon as the main component with a small amount of soil. Ivy planted in the medium 5 grows and extends through creepingly over the rooftop surface, covering the rooftop surface, thus effecting the objective greening. The method has the following advantages: by creepingly growing over the rooftop surface, the ivy is affected little by wind, and the maintenance is facilitated because the moulding area is smaller than the greened area. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築構造物のベランダや屋上等の床面に植物を生育させ、都市のヒートアイランド現象を防止する緑化方法に関する。
【0002】
近年、都市のヒートアイランド化が問題にされ、太陽熱を反射し都市を温暖化する建造物の屋上に植物を生育させて緑化し、太陽熱を吸収することが注目されており、その効果の大きいことが証明されている。
【0003】
屋上緑化やベランダの緑化は、建物にかかる荷重を軽減することが必要であり、荷重負担は50〜100kg/mにする必要がある。特に、ベランダの場合は、60kg/m以下にする必要がある。また、緑化施設の排水処理、植物の手入れが必要である。このため、軽量の人工培土を用い、植物として手入れが容易で草丈が小さく、強風に耐えて均一な植生が得られるセダム類を用いた屋上緑化システムが提案されており、セダム類の他に背が低く、水やりの手間があまりない地衣類の利用も試みられている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
床面緑化においては、全面を緑化するのが好ましいので、前記のセダム類を使用する例が増大しているが、床面全面がセダム類で被覆されるようにすると、栽培面積が大きくなって培土の重量がかなり大きくなると共に、維持管理の手間がかかる。更に、成長したセダム類の茎が長くなって維持管理が面倒になり、更には長く伸びた茎部分が倒れて枯れて腐り、かえって除去や植え替えの手間がかかるという問題が生じた。
本発明は、床面緑化において、荷重負担が小さく、風による培土の飛散や緑化施設の破損の恐れが少なく、維持管理の容易な床面緑化を実現しようとするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
床面に熔岩を貼り付けたパネルを設置し、苔やセダム類を熔岩上に直接植生し、植物が過大に成長するのを抑制し、維持管理を容易にした。
また、屋上等の床面に多孔質岩石を貼り付けたパネルを設置し、床面の一部分を培地としてツタ類を植生して床面に這わせて緑化するもので、ツタ類の成長を管理することで床面全体の緑化を管理することができるようにした。
【0006】
【実施例】
実施例1
本発明の床面緑化には図1に示す熔岩を貼り付けたパネル1を使用する。パネル1の基板12は、30×30(cm)のALC板であり、熔岩と熔岩3の間には砂または粉砕した熔岩を充填して付着させる。
基板として、磁気テープに接着剤を混合して圧縮してボードにしたものや、PC板、中空プレキャスト板などを使用する。熔岩3は、適当な形状と大きさにカットして基板12の表面に接着剤で貼着するか埋め込む。接着剤は耐久性に富むものであれば特に限定されないが、エポキシ系のものが望ましい。
【0007】
中空プレキャスト板は、セメントと珪砂の混合物を大気圧より低圧下で中空構造に押し出し成形し、オートクレーブ養生して緻密なトバモライト結晶とした押し出し成形板であり、曲げ強度は2〜15MPa、透水係数1〜20×10−2cm/秒程度である。
【0008】
中空部には保水機能を有する詰物を充填する。この詰物は、高吸水性高分子樹脂(例えばデンプン−アクリロニトリルグラフト重合体の加水分解物、セルロース−アクリロニトリルグラフト重合体の加水分解物など)、粘土(モンモリナイト、アロフェインを含有しているもの)、バーミキュライト、真珠岩系のパーライト、焼成珪藻土、スポンジなどが挙げられる。中でも、高吸水性高分子樹脂、粘土、スポンジは保水性が高いので望ましい。
【0009】
詰物をネット、あるいは透水性の袋で包みカートリッジ化して挿入する。ネットは、ポリプロピレン製などの編み目の小さなものが、また、透水性の袋は、和紙、不織布を用いる。
全ての中空部に詰物を充填せず、中空部の一部を空間のままにしておくなど詰物の充填量や充填形態は設置場所の条件に応じて適宜変更する。
【0010】
このパネル1を図2に示すように、屋上やベランダの床面に敷き詰めた木製またはプラスチック製の30×30(cm)の簀の子状のデッキ10の上に設置する。パネル1の基板の厚みが異なるものを用い、植栽面が凹凸になるようにしたり、一方向に順に高くなるように基板を選択すると、階段状の植栽面を形成することができる。
【0011】
次に、熔岩3または熔岩の間に充填した砂または熔岩の粉砕物に直接苔やセダム類を植えつける。苔やセダム類は乾燥に強い植物であり、熔岩3は多孔質で保水性が高く、また、ALC板は保水性が高いので、一度の散水で湿潤状態に維持され、セダム類が根付くことができる。更に、肥料分が少ないので、大きく成長することがなく、伸びた茎が倒れたりして枯れることが殆どなくなり、維持管理が楽になる。
必要に応じて、パネル1とパネル1に跨るように、熔岩、小石、レンガなどを配置することによりパネル1の連接部分の隙間を覆い隠すことができる。
また、床全面にパネルを設置せず、一区画をレンガ等で仕切り、防水シートを設置して軽量土壌をいれて花壇を形成し、セダム類だけなく、花を植栽する。
【0012】
実施例2
図3に示すように、屋上の片側に培地5となる容器50を設置し、土壌や人工土壌、保湿材を適宜混合して充填する。
屋上の床面には、図1に示す熔岩3を貼り付けたパネル1を屋上面に設置した受け台11または実施例1と同様にデッキの上に敷き詰める。熔岩3は水分を吸収し、湿潤状態を保持し易いので、苔などの植物が生育し易い。熔岩の凹凸部に微生物が付着し、水の浄化作用を期待でき、雨水を浄化してより生態系に好ましい自然環境を得ることができる。
【0013】
培地5は、破砕活性炭に少量の土壌を混合し、破砕活性炭を主体として培地の軽量化を図った。破砕活性炭は培地のPH値を植物にとって好ましい値に維持し、植物の生育に重要な役割りを果たす共生有効菌類の増殖を促進して植物の強健な生育を助長させると共に、通常の土壌に比し水分の保持性が大であるので散水の回数が少なくて済むという利点がある。
【0014】
その他、培土としては、ヤシガラ圧縮顆粒、ピートモス圧縮物等、安価で軽量かつ吸水性が良好な培土を適宜使用する。更に培土にカルボキシメチルセルロース架橋物、でんぷん−アクリロニトリルグラフト共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸塩、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体等の保湿材を混合する。
【0015】
培地の容器50は、ココヤシ材やプラスチック製であり、培地を15〜40cmの深さとする。底部には排水孔を設けず、側板に直径1.5cmの排水穴が形成してある。
この培地にツタ類としてアマミヅタ4を植え込んである。ツタ類はイタビカズラ、オオイタビ、キヅタ、ナツヅタなど種類を選ばず使用することができる。
【0016】
パネル1の熔岩の間には苔41やセダム類42を植栽する。セダム類の具体例は、メキシコマンネングサ、ツルマンネングサ、キリンソウ、ホソバノキリンソウ、エゾノキリンソウ、ヒメキリンソウ、タカネマンネングサ、ヤハズマンネングサ、ヒメレンゲ、マルバマンネングサ、サツママンネングサ、ハママンネングサ、ナガサキマンネングサ、コモチマンネングサ、メノマンネングサ、タイトゴメ、ムニンタイトゴメ、コゴメマンネングサ、ウンゼンマンネングサ、オオメノマンネングサ、マツノハマンネングサ、オノマンネングサ、ハコベマンネングサ、ウスユキマンネングサ等である。
【0017】
培地5に植えられたツタ類4は成長して屋上面を這って屋上全面を被覆するので、屋上全面が緑化される。
また、苔41やセダム類42などをパネル1の熔岩3と熔岩3の間に生育させ、屋上に多様性のある生態系を形成し、植物のみでなく小動物の棲息を可能とする。
【0018】
図4に示す例は、培地5を屋上の両端部に形成したものである。培地は、屋上の端部だけでなく中間部に設置してもよく、維持管理の手間を考慮して培地の配列や個数を決定する。
培地5は間隔をおいて散在させるレイアウトも可能である。
【発明の効果】
床面緑化において、熔岩を貼り付けたパネルを床面に設置するだけでセダム類や苔を生育させることができ、熔岩やパネルの保水性によって維持管理を容易とした。成長したセダム類の茎が長くなりすぎるということがなく、茎部分が倒れて枯れて腐るということを防止できる。
熔岩を貼り付けたパネルを設置するだけでよいので、レイアウトの変更が容易であり、予備のパネルにセダム類を生育しておくことによって緑化された新しいパネルと直ぐに交換することができ、床面の緑化を常に維持することができる。
ツタ類の成長の制御を床面の一部分である培地への施肥量や散水量を制御することによっておこなうことにより、従来に比較して維持管理の手間が大幅に簡略された。また、ツタ類は、屋上面を這うように成長するので風の影響が少ない。
ツタで覆われた部分は直射日光が遮られ、地衣類、苔が生育し易くなり、熔岩やパネル基板に保水された水分があるので、苔等が自然に生育する。
屋上の大部分は熔岩を貼り付けたパネルで被覆されており、吸湿した水分の蒸発熱によって、建造物の温度上昇が抑止され、また、土壌部分が少ないので、建造物への荷重負担が小さく、風によって土壌が飛散することが少ない。
更に、セダム類等の植物や苔を熔岩の間の砂部分で生育させ、多様な植物を屋上において生育させることができ、昆虫等の小動物が棲息することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】熔岩を貼り付けたパネルの斜視図。
【図2】ベランダの床面緑化の概念図。
【図3】屋上の床面緑化の実施例の概念図。
【図4】屋上の床面緑化の他の実施例の概念図。
【符号の説明】
1  パネル
10 デッキ
3  熔岩
4  ツタ
5  培地
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a greening method for growing plants on a floor of a building structure such as a veranda or a roof to prevent a heat island phenomenon in a city.
[0002]
In recent years, the issue of urban heat islands has become a problem, and growing plants on the roof of buildings that reflect solar heat and warm the city has been attracting attention and absorbing solar heat. Proven.
[0003]
For rooftop greening and veranda greening, it is necessary to reduce the load on the building, and the load burden must be 50 to 100 kg / m 2 . In particular, in the case of a veranda, it is necessary to be 60 kg / m 2 or less. In addition, it is necessary to treat wastewater from greening facilities and care for plants. For this reason, a rooftop greening system using sedum that uses lightweight artificial soil, is easy to care for as a plant, has a small plant height, and can withstand strong winds to obtain uniform vegetation has been proposed. Attempts have been made to use lichens that are low in water and do not require much watering.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the floor greening, since it is preferable to green the entire surface, examples of using the sedums are increasing.However, if the entire floor is covered with the sedums, the cultivation area becomes large. The weight of the cultivated soil becomes considerably large, and maintenance work is required. In addition, the stems of the grown sedums become long, which makes maintenance and maintenance troublesome, and furthermore, the long-grown stems fall down, wither and rot, and on the contrary, it takes time to remove and replant.
An object of the present invention is to realize floor greening that is easy to maintain and manage, with a small load burden on the floor greening, a small risk of scattering of the cultivation soil by the wind and damage to the greening facility.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Panels with lava stuck to the floor were installed, and moss and sedum were directly vegetated on the lava to prevent excessive growth of plants and facilitate maintenance.
In addition, a panel with porous rock stuck on the floor such as the rooftop is installed, and a part of the floor is used as a medium to vegetate ivy and crawl on the floor for greening. By doing so, it was possible to manage the greening of the entire floor surface.
[0006]
【Example】
Example 1
The panel 1 to which the lava shown in FIG. 1 is attached is used for the floor greening of the present invention. The substrate 12 of the panel 1 is an ALC plate of 30 × 30 (cm), and a gap between the lava and the lava 3 is filled with sand or pulverized lava and adhered thereto.
As a substrate, a magnetic tape mixed with an adhesive and compressed to form a board, a PC board, a hollow precast board, or the like is used. The lava 3 is cut into an appropriate shape and size, and is adhered or embedded on the surface of the substrate 12 with an adhesive. The adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has high durability, but an epoxy-based adhesive is preferable.
[0007]
The hollow precast plate is an extruded plate formed by extruding a mixture of cement and silica sand into a hollow structure under a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, curing the mixture in an autoclave, and forming a dense tobermorite crystal, having a bending strength of 2 to 15 MPa and a water permeability of 1. 2020 × 10 −2 cm / sec.
[0008]
The hollow portion is filled with a filling having a water retention function. The filling is made of a superabsorbent polymer resin (for example, a hydrolyzate of a starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer, a hydrolyzate of a cellulose-acrylonitrile graft polymer, etc.), clay (containing montmorillonite and allophane), vermiculite. Pearlite-based pearlite, calcined diatomaceous earth, sponge and the like. Above all, a superabsorbent polymer resin, clay and sponge are preferable because of their high water retention.
[0009]
Wrap the filling in a net or a water-permeable bag and insert it into a cartridge. The net has a small stitch made of polypropylene or the like, and the water-permeable bag uses Japanese paper or nonwoven fabric.
The filling amount and filling form of the filling material are appropriately changed according to the conditions of the installation place, such as not filling the filling material in all the hollow portions and leaving a part of the hollow portion as a space.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 2, the panel 1 is placed on a wooden or plastic 30 × 30 (cm) ladder-shaped deck 10 spread on the roof or the floor of a veranda. If a substrate having a different thickness is used for the panel 1 and the planting surface is made uneven, or if the substrate is selected so as to increase in one direction, a step-like planting surface can be formed.
[0011]
Next, moss and sedum are directly planted in the lava 3 or sand or lava crushed material filled between the lava. Moss and sedums are plants that are resistant to drying, and lava 3 is porous and highly water-retaining, and the ALC board is highly water-retentive. it can. Further, since the amount of fertilizer is small, the stem does not grow large, and the elongated stem hardly falls down and withers, thereby facilitating maintenance.
If necessary, lava, pebbles, bricks, or the like can be arranged so as to straddle the panels 1 to cover the gaps between the connecting portions of the panels 1.
Also, instead of installing panels on the entire floor, one section is partitioned with bricks and the like, a waterproof sheet is installed, lightweight soil is added to form a flower bed, and not only sedums but also flowers are planted.
[0012]
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 3, a container 50 serving as the culture medium 5 is installed on one side of the roof, and soil, artificial soil, and a humectant are mixed and filled as appropriate.
The panel 1 to which the lava 3 shown in FIG. 1 is adhered is laid on the rooftop on the deck in the same manner as the cradle 11 installed on the rooftop or the first embodiment. The lava 3 absorbs moisture and easily maintains a wet state, so that plants such as moss grow easily. Microorganisms adhere to the irregularities of the lava, which can be expected to purify water, and can purify rainwater to obtain a more favorable natural environment for ecosystems.
[0013]
In the medium 5, a small amount of soil was mixed with the crushed activated carbon to reduce the weight of the medium mainly using the crushed activated carbon. Crushed activated carbon maintains the pH value of the medium at a favorable value for plants, promotes the growth of symbiotic active fungi, which plays an important role in plant growth, and promotes the robust growth of plants. Since water retention is large, there is an advantage that the number of times of watering can be reduced.
[0014]
In addition, as the cultivation soil, a cultivation soil that is inexpensive, lightweight, and has good water absorption, such as coconut shell compressed granules and peat moss compressed material, is appropriately used. Further, a humectant such as a carboxymethylcellulose crosslinked product, starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, or a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and sodium acrylate is mixed with the soil.
[0015]
The culture medium container 50 is made of coconut or plastic, and the culture medium has a depth of 15 to 40 cm. A drain hole having a diameter of 1.5 cm was formed in the side plate without a drain hole at the bottom.
Amami ivy 4 was implanted in this medium as ivy. The ivy can be used irrespective of the type, such as locust, oyster, ivy, and ivy.
[0016]
Moss 41 and sedums 42 are planted between the lava of panel 1. Specific examples of the sedums include Mexican stonecrop, periwinkle, giraffe, scrophulariflora, scorpionflower, himekirinso, takanemannusa, yahazumannensha, himerenge, malbamannenusa, satsumamanenusa, hamamanemanemonsa, swordfish , Munintite gome, kogome mangusa, unzen mangunea, omeno mangusa, matsunoha mangusa, onomannengusa, hakobemanengusa, suzukimangunesa, etc.
[0017]
The ivy 4 planted in the medium 5 grows and crawls on the roof surface to cover the entire roof surface, so that the entire roof surface is greened.
In addition, moss 41 and sedums 42 are grown between the lava 3 of the panel 1 and the lava 3 to form a diverse ecosystem on the roof, enabling not only plants but also small animals to inhabit.
[0018]
In the example shown in FIG. 4, the culture medium 5 is formed at both ends of the roof. The medium may be installed not only at the end of the roof but also in the middle, and the arrangement and number of the medium are determined in consideration of the maintenance and management.
The layout in which the medium 5 is scattered at intervals is also possible.
【The invention's effect】
In floor greening, sedum and moss can be grown simply by installing a panel with lava on the floor, and the water retention of the lava and panels facilitates maintenance. It is possible to prevent the stem of the grown sedums from becoming too long, and prevent the stem portion from falling down and withering.
It is easy to change the layout because it is only necessary to install the panel with the lava stuck, and it is possible to immediately replace it with a new panel that has been greened by growing sedum on spare panels. Can always be maintained.
By controlling the growth of ivy by controlling the amount of fertilization and watering on the medium, which is a part of the floor, the maintenance and management effort was greatly simplified as compared with the conventional method. In addition, since ivy grows crawling on the roof surface, the influence of wind is small.
The part covered with ivy is shielded from direct sunlight, lichen and moss grow easily, and there is water retained in the lava and the panel substrate, so that moss and the like grow naturally.
Most of the rooftop is covered with lava-bonded panels, and the heat of evaporation of absorbed moisture suppresses the temperature rise of the building, and the soil portion is small, so the load on the building is small. The soil is less scattered by the wind.
Furthermore, plants and moss such as sedums can be grown in the sand between the lava, various plants can be grown on the rooftop, and small animals such as insects can live there.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a panel to which lava is pasted.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of greening a veranda floor.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of an embodiment of rooftop greening;
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of another embodiment of a green roof surface.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Panel 10 Deck 3 Lava 4 Ivy 5 Medium

Claims (5)

構造物床面に熔岩を貼り付けたパネルを設置し、苔やセダム類を熔岩上に直接植生する床面緑化方法。A method of greening the floor where moss and sedum are vegetated directly on the lava by installing panels with lava stuck to the floor of the structure. 構造物床面に熔岩を貼り付けたパネルを設置し、苔やセダム類を熔岩上に直接植生すると共に床面の一部に培地を設け、ツタ類を植生して床面にツタ類を這わせる床面緑化方法。Panels with lava stuck to the floor of the structure are installed, moss and sedum are vegetated directly on the lava, a medium is provided on a part of the floor, ivy is vegetated, and ivy crawls on the floor. Flooring greening method. 請求項2において、培地が間隔をあけて設けてある床面緑化方法。3. The floor greening method according to claim 2, wherein the culture medium is provided at intervals. 請求項1〜3のいずれかにおいて、パネル基板がALC板である床面緑化方法。The floor surface greening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the panel substrate is an ALC plate. 請求項1〜3のいずれかにおいて、パネル基板が磁気テープを裁断したものを接着剤と混合して圧縮したボードである床面緑化方法。The floor greening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the panel substrate is a board obtained by mixing a magnetic tape cut with an adhesive and compressing the mixture.
JP2002229819A 2002-08-07 2002-08-07 Method for greening floor surface of building Pending JP2004065123A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103430764A (en) * 2013-09-18 2013-12-11 海南省岛东林场 Production method of horsetail beefwood non-woven fabric light-medium nursery stocks

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103430764A (en) * 2013-09-18 2013-12-11 海南省岛东林场 Production method of horsetail beefwood non-woven fabric light-medium nursery stocks
CN103430764B (en) * 2013-09-18 2014-12-03 海南省岛东林场 Production method of horsetail beefwood non-woven fabric light-medium nursery stocks

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