JP2004059772A - Polymerizable liquid-crystal composition and optically anisotropic body - Google Patents

Polymerizable liquid-crystal composition and optically anisotropic body Download PDF

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JP2004059772A
JP2004059772A JP2002221150A JP2002221150A JP2004059772A JP 2004059772 A JP2004059772 A JP 2004059772A JP 2002221150 A JP2002221150 A JP 2002221150A JP 2002221150 A JP2002221150 A JP 2002221150A JP 2004059772 A JP2004059772 A JP 2004059772A
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liquid crystal
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crystal composition
polymerizable
polymerizable liquid
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JP4175049B2 (en
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Joji Kawamura
河村 丞治
Shiyoutaku Ri
李 承澤
Yoshiyuki Ono
小野 善之
Yoshitomo Yonehara
米原 祥友
Hiroshi Hasebe
長谷部 浩史
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DIC Corp
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Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polymerizable liquid-crystal composition containing a swallow-tailed polymerizable compound which also shows an excellent compatibility to a liquid-crystal compound having a small dipole moment and an optically anisotropic body showing an excellent transparency and obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid-crystal composition at a temperature within a range wherein the composition is in a liquid-crystal phase. <P>SOLUTION: The polymerizable liquid-crystal composition contains the polymerizable compound of formula (1) [wherein R<SP>1</SP>is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group; A, B and D are each a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or the like; Y<SP>1</SP>and Y<SP>2</SP>are each a linking group; X<SP>1</SP>and X<SP>2</SP>are each a single bond, -O-, -CO-O- or -OCO-; S<SP>1</SP>and S<SP>2</SP>are each -C<SB>m</SB>H<SB>2m</SB>- or -(C<SB>m</SB>H<SB>2m</SB>-O)<SB>n</SB>-C<SB>m</SB>H<SB>2m</SB>- (wherein m is an integer of 1-20; and n is an integer of 1-10); and L<SP>1</SP>and L<SP>2</SP>are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は重合性液晶組成物、及び、該重合性液晶組成物中の重合性化合物を重合して得られる光学異方体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
重合性液晶化合物、又は、液晶化合物と混合することで液晶相を示す重合性化合物を含有する重合性液晶組成物は、ネマチック相を保持した状態で重合させると、液晶分子の配向状態を固定化した重合体を作製することができる。この重合体は、屈折率、誘電率、磁化率、弾性率、熱膨張率等の物理的性質の異方性を有していることから、特に光学異方体として応用が検討されている。
【0003】
液晶分子の配向状態を固定化させるための重合方法の1つとして光重合がある。光重合においては、液晶分子の配向に対して外乱要因となる熱を加えることなしに重合反応が進行するので、液晶分子の配向状態を乱すことなく固定化することができる。
しかしながら、該重合性液晶組成物の固相−ネマチック相転移温度(以下、C−N転移温度と略す。)が高い場合は、ネマチック相を保持させるために該重合性液晶組成物を加熱する必要があるが、この加熱によって、光重合を開始する前に部分的な熱重合がおこり、配向乱れの原因となることがある。従って、通常は加熱しなくてもネマチック相を保持できるように、25℃〜40℃の温度範囲でネマチック相を示すように重合性液晶組成物の組成を調整する。
【0004】
一方、液晶分子の配向状態を固定化した重合体を光学異方体に応用する場合には、該重合体には、透明性や耐熱性に優れることが求められている。
特開2000−327632号公報には、C−N転移温度が94℃の式Aで表されるスワローテイル型の重合性液晶化合物に、式Bで表される重合性液晶化合物及び式Cで表される重合性液晶化合物を混合することによって、25℃でネマチック相を示す重合性液晶組成物を調製し、これを25℃以下で重合して、光学異方体が得られると記載されている。
【0005】
【化4】

Figure 2004059772
式A
【0006】
【化5】
Figure 2004059772
式B
【0007】
【化6】
Figure 2004059772
式C
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、式Aで表される化合物と、式Bで表される化合物及び式Cで表される化合物は相溶性が低く、いったん均一に混合したように見えても、短時間内に相分離を起こすといった問題があった。これは、式Aで表される化合物は分子末端にシアノ基を有しており双極子モーメントが大きく、式Bで表される化合物や式Cで表される化合物のような、電子吸引基を持たない双極子モーメントの小さい重合性化合物とは一般に相溶性が低いことや、式Aで表される化合物と、式Bで表される化合物や式Cで表される化合物とは、液晶骨格が大きく異なるため、相溶性が低いことが、理由として考えられる。
式Bで表される化合物及び式Cで表される化合物の配合量を多くした場合には、相溶性は幾分向上する反面、系全体のスワローテイル型化合物の濃度が下がってしまうために、これを重合して得られる光学異方体の透明性が低下するといった問題があった。
【0009】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、双極子モーメントの小さい液晶化合物との相溶性にも優れるスワローテイル型の重合性化合物を含有する重合性液晶組成物を提供することにあり、且つ、該重合性液晶組成物が液晶相を示す温度範囲内で、該重合性液晶組成物中の重合性化合物を重合させて得られる、透明性に優れた光学異方体を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
分子末端にシアノ基を有するスワローテイル型重合性化合物は双極子モーメントが大きいため、双極子モーメントの小さい重合性化合物と相溶性が低い。本発明者らは、同じスワローテイル型の重合性化合物であるが、分子末端に極性の高いシアノ基ではなく、水素原子、アルキル基又はアルコキシ基を有する一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物が、双極子モーメントの小さい液晶化合物との相溶性に優れると同時に、骨格構造が類似し、分子末端にシアノ基を持ち、双極子モーメントの大きい前記スワローテイル型重合性化合物ともよく相溶することを見いだした。
即ち、一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物を含有する重合性液晶組成物は、成分として双極子モーメントの大きいスワローテイル型重合性化合物を含有していても、C−N転移温度が小さく、双極子モーメントの低い重合性化合物とも相溶し、これを、液晶相を示す温度範囲内で、該重合性液晶組成物中の重合性化合物を重合させて得られた光学異方体は、より透明性に優れる。本発明は、該重合性液晶組成物を提供することで上記課題を解決した。
【0011】
【化7】
Figure 2004059772
(1)
【0012】
(式中、Rは、水素原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜20のアルコキシ基を表し、A、B及びDは六員環であり、各々独立的にベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環、シクロヘキセン環、ヘテロ原子として酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子を含有するヘテロ環を表す。六員環A、B及びDは、該環上の一つ以上の水素原子が、炭素原子数1〜7のアルキル基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルカノイル基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていても良い。Y及びYは、各々独立的に、単結合、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH−、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO−、−OCHCHCH−、−CH=CH−CHCH−、−CHCH−CH=CH−、−CH=CH−CO−O−及び−OCO−CH=CH−からなる群から選ばれる連結基を表わす。X及びXは、各々独立的に単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−を表し、S及びSは、各々独立的に−C2m−、又は−(C2m−O)−C2m−を表わす(ここで、mは1〜20の整数を表し、nは1〜10の整数を表す。)。L及びLは、各々独立的に水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
前記一般式(1)において、六員環A、六員環B、及び六員環Dのうち、ヘテロ環としては、例えば、ピラン環、ジオキサン環、ピリジン環、ピラゾン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環等があげられる。
前記六員環A、六員環B、及び六員環Dとして、ベンゼン環、ピリジン環、ピリミジン環等の、液晶分子の長軸方向に共役するような環を選択すれば、複屈折率の大きな重合性化合物が得られ、シクロヘキサン環、ジオキサン環、ピラン環等の、液晶分子の長軸方向に共役しない環を選択すれば、複屈折率の小さな重合性化合物が得られる。
【0014】
前記一般式(1)において、Y及びYに、単結合、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−等の、液晶分子の長軸方向に共役するような構造を選択すれば、複屈折率の大きな重合性化合物を得ることができ、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO−、−OCHCHCH−等の、液晶分子の長軸方向に共役しない構造を選択すれば、複屈折率の小さな重合性化合物が得られる。
【0015】
前記一般式(1)において、S及びSは、液晶骨格と(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基とを隔てるスペーサーとしての役割を持つ。具体的には、例えば、メチレン基、プロピレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、あるいはこれらの基がエーテル結合によって連結された基があげられる。中でも、mが2〜15であることが好ましく、mが3〜11であることが特に好ましい。
【0016】
前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物としては、具体的には下記一般式(ア)〜(ウ)の化合物が挙げられる。
【0017】
【化8】
Figure 2004059772
(ア)
【0018】
【化9】
Figure 2004059772
(イ)
【0019】
【化10】
Figure 2004059772
(ウ)
【0020】
(式(ア)〜(ウ)において、Rは炭素数1〜20のアルキル基又はアルコキシ基を表し、sは1〜20の整数を表し、Lは水素原子又はメチル基を表す)。
【0021】
前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物は、液晶化合物の技術分野で公知の合成方法を適用して合成することができる。合成例としては、ワイリー社刊のハンドブックオブリキッドクリスタルズ(Handboook of liquid crystals)全4巻中の第1巻の第4章や、第2巻の第3〜5章に記載されているような一般的な合成方法を適用できる。
【0022】
例えば、式(ア)で表される化合物は、次のようにして合成することができる。即ち、3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸をハロゲン化アルコールでエーテル化した後、アクリル酸やメタクリル酸と脱水縮合反応させることによって、式(エ)で表される化合物を得る。さらに該式(エ)で表される化合物と、4−ヒドロキシビフェニルとを脱水縮合反応させて、式(ア)で表される化合物が得られる。
【0023】
【化11】
Figure 2004059772
(エ)
【0024】
(式中、sは1〜20の整数を表し、Lは水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
【0025】
また、式(イ)で表される化合物は、次のようにして合成することができる。即ち、1−ヨード−3,4−ジメトキシベンゼンとフェニルグリニアール試薬とを反応させてビフェニル誘導体を得、これに塩化アセチルを反応させる。アルカリで加水分解後、メトキシ基のメチル基を臭化水素酸で切断して式(オ)で表される化合物を得る。次に、式(オ)で表される化合物をハロゲン化アルコールでエーテル化した後、アクリル酸やメタクリル酸と脱水縮合反応させ、最後に4−アルキルフェノールや4−アルコキシフェノールを脱水縮合反応させて、式(イ)で表される化合物が得られる。
【0026】
【化12】
Figure 2004059772
(オ)
【0027】
また、式(ウ)で表される化合物は、次のようにして合成することができる。即ち、前記式(エ)で表される化合物と4−(トランス−4−アルキルシクロヘキシル)フェノールや4−(トランス−4−アルコキシシクロヘキシル)フェノールを脱水縮合反応させて得られる。
【0028】
前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物は、シアノ基等の極性基を持たないことから双極子モーメントが小さく、重合性液晶組成物に配合することによって、系全体の極性を低く抑えることができる。この結果、前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物を配合した本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、C−N転移温度を下げる効果のある双極子モーメントの小さい液晶化合物との相溶性がよい。
また、前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物は、スワローテイル骨格を有している。仮に、本発明の重合性液晶組成物に、分子末端にシアノ基等の極性基を有するスワローテイル型の重合性液晶化合物を添加しても、前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物が類似した分子構造を持つため、相分離しにくい。
【0029】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物以外に、公知慣用の重合性液晶化合物、又は、公知慣用の液晶化合物と混合することによって液晶相を示す重合性化合物を適宜配合させることができる。中でも、一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物に構造が類似した、スワローテイル型の重合性化合物を配合すると、重合して得られる光学異方体の透明性が向上する効果が見られる。特に、一般式(2)で表されるスワローテイル型の重合性化合物を使用する場合にその効果が大きい。
【0030】
【化13】
Figure 2004059772
(2)
【0031】
前記一般式(2)において、L、L、及びLは各々独立的に水素原子又はメチル基を表す。S、S、及びSは、各々独立的に−C2m−、又は−(C2m−O)−C2m−を表わす(ここで、mは1〜20の整数を表し、nは1〜10の整数を表す。)。X、X、及びXは各々独立的に、単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−を表す。E、G及びJは六員環であり、各々独立的にベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環、シクロヘキセン環、ヘテロ原子として酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子を含有するヘテロ環を表す。六員環E、G及びJは、該環上の一つ以上の水素原子が、炭素原子数1〜7のアルキル基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルカノイル基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていても良い。Y及びYは、各々独立的に、単結合、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH− 、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO− 、 −OCHCHCH−、−CH=CH−CHCH−、−CHCH−CH=CH−、−CH=CH−CO−O−、及び−OCO−CH=CH−からなる群から選ばれる連結基を表わす。
【0032】
前記一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物としては、具体的には、特開2000−178233号公報に開示されている化合物を挙げることができ、例えば下記式(カ)〜(ク)の化合物が挙げられる。
【0033】
【化14】
Figure 2004059772
(カ)
【0034】
【化15】
Figure 2004059772
(キ)
【0035】
【化16】
Figure 2004059772
(ク)
【0036】
(式(カ)〜(ク)において、s及びtは1〜20の整数を表し、L及びLは水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
【0037】
例えば、式(カ)で表される化合物は、次のようにして合成することができる。即ち、4,4’−ビフェノールをハロゲン化アルコールでエーテル化した後、アクリル酸やメタクリル酸を脱水縮合反応させることによって式(ケ)で表される化合物を得る。さらに式(ケ)で表される化合物と、前記式(エ)で表される化合物とを脱水縮合反応させて、式(カ)で表される化合物が得られる。
【0038】
【化17】
Figure 2004059772
(ケ)
【0039】
(式中、tは1〜20の整数を表し、Lは水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
【0040】
また、式(キ)で表される化合物は、次のようにして合成することができる。即ち、カフェイン酸のメチルエステルをハロゲン化アルコールでエーテル化した後、アルカリ水溶液で脱エステル化し、次にアクリル酸やメタクリル酸を脱水縮合反応させることによって式(コ)で表される化合物を得る。式(コ)で表される化合物と、前記式(ケ)で表される化合物とを脱水縮合反応させて、式(キ)で表される化合物が得られる。
【0041】
【化18】
Figure 2004059772
(コ)
【0042】
また、式(ク)で表される化合物は、次のようにして合成することができる。即ち、前記式(オ)で表される化合物をハロゲン化アルコールでエーテル化した後、アクリル酸やメタクリル酸を脱水縮合反応させることによって式(サ)で表される化合物を合成する。一方、ヒドロキノンをハロゲン化アルコールでエーテル化した後、アクリル酸やメタクリル酸を脱水縮合反応させることによって式(シ)で表される化合物を合成する。式(サ)で表される化合物及び式(シ)で表される化合物とを脱水縮合させて、式(ク)で表される化合物が得られる。
【0043】
【化19】
Figure 2004059772
(サ)
【0044】
【化20】
Figure 2004059772
(シ)
【0045】
(式(サ)、(シ)において、s及びtは1〜20の整数を表し、L及びLは水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
【0046】
一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物は、本発明の重合性液晶組成物中の一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物との比率が、(1)で表される化合物:(2)で表される化合物=7:3〜1:9となるように配合することで、より透明性に優れた光学異方体が得られる。
【0047】
40℃以上のC−I転移温度を示す本発明の重合性液晶組成物に、一般式(3)で表される重合性化合物を、本発明の重合性液晶組成物の40〜80質量%を占めるように配合すると、C−I転移温度を25℃付近まで下げることができる。本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、一般式(3)で表されるような双極子モーメントの小さい重合性化合物を配合しても、長時間相分離することがない。
【0048】
【化21】
Figure 2004059772
(3)
【0049】
前記一般式(3)において、Lは水素原子又はメチル基を表す。K、M及びNは六員環であり、各々独立的にベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又はシクロヘキセン環を表す。Y及びYは、各々独立的に、単結合、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH− 、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO− 、−OCHCHCH−、−CH=CH−CHCH−、−CHCH−CH=CH−、−CH=CH−CO−O−及び−OCO−CH=CH−からなる群から選ばれる連結基を表わし、rは0又は1の整数を表す。Yは、単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−を表し、Zは、Yが単結合の場合に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、又は炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基を表し、Yが−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−の場合に、水素原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、又は炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基を表す。
【0050】
前記一般式(3)で表される重合性液晶化合物としては、具体的には、式(ス)〜(タ)で表される化合物があげられる。中でも、式(ス)で表される化合物と式(セ)で表される化合物を併用することが好ましく、式(ス)で表される化合物と式(セ)で表される化合物との比が、75:25〜25:75であるとなお好ましい。中でも、式(ス)で表される化合物と式(セ)で表される化合物との比が、40:60〜60:40であることが好ましい。この範囲において、25℃でネマチック相を示し、長時間相分離することのない重合性液晶組成物が得られる。
【0051】
【化22】
Figure 2004059772
(ス)
【0052】
【化23】
Figure 2004059772
(セ)
【0053】
【化24】
Figure 2004059772
(ソ)
【0054】
【化25】
Figure 2004059772
(タ)
【0055】
一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物、一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物、及び一般式(3)で表される重合性化合物を併用すると、25℃でネマチック相を示し、長時間相分離しない重合性液晶組成物が得られる。また、該重合性液晶組成物が液晶相を示す温度範囲内で、該重合性液晶組成物中の重合性化合物を重合させて得られる重合体は特に透明性に優れる。具体的には、一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物が4質量%〜20質量%、一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物が15質量%〜36質量%、及び一般式(3)で表される重合性化合物が60質量%〜70質量%で併用すると、特に好ましい。
【0056】
その他、本発明の重合性液晶組成物に配合することのできる、公知慣用の重合性化合物としては、下記構造の化合物が挙げられる。
【0057】
【化26】
Figure 2004059772
【0058】
【化27】
Figure 2004059772
【0059】
(式中、Lは水素原子又はメチル基を、n及びmは各々独立して1〜20の整数を表す)
【0060】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物には、重合性官能基を有していない液晶化合物を必要に応じて添加することもできる。しかし、添加量が多すぎると、得られる重合体の耐熱性が劣る傾向にあるので、添加する場合は、本発明の重合性液晶組成物に対して80質量%以下とすることが好ましく、30質量%以下がさらに好ましく、10質量%以下が特に好ましい。
【0061】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物には、重合性官能基を有する液晶性骨格を持たない化合物を添加することもできる。このような化合物としては、通常、この技術分野で重合性モノマーあるいは重合性オリゴマーとして認識されるものであれば特に制限なく使用することができる。添加する場合は、本発明の重合性液晶組成物に対して、5質量%以下であることが好ましく、3質量%以下が更に好ましい。
【0062】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物には、光学活性を有する化合物、すなわちキラル化合物を添加してもよい。該キラル化合物は、それ自体が液晶相を示す必要は無く、また、重合性官能基を有していても、有していなくても良い。また、キラル化合物の螺旋の向きは、重合体の使用用途によって適宜選択することができる。
具体的には、例えば、キラル基としてコレステリル基を有するペラルゴン酸コレステロール、ステアリン酸コレステロール、キラル基として2−メチルブチル基を有するビーディーエイチ社製の「CB−15」、「C−15」、メルク社製の「S−1082」、チッソ社製の「CM−19」、「CM−20」、「CM」、キラル基として1−メチルヘプチル基を有するメルク社製の「S−811」、チッソ社製の「CM−21」、「CM−22」などを挙げることができる。
キラル化合物を添加する場合は、該重合性液晶組成物の用途によるが、得られる重合体の厚み(d)を重合体中での螺旋ピッチ(P)で除した値(d/P)が0.1〜100の範囲となる量を添加することが好ましく、0.1〜20の範囲となる量がさらに好ましい。
【0063】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物には、熱重合開始剤、光重合開始剤等の重合開始剤を添加することもできる。熱重合開始剤としては、例えば、過酸化ベンゾイル、2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等が挙げられる。また、光重合開始剤としては、例えば、ベンゾインエーテル類、ベンゾフェノン類、アセトフェノン類、ベンジルケタール類等が挙げられる。添加する場合は、該重合性液晶組成物に対して、10質量%以下であることが好ましく、5質量%以下が特に好ましく、0.5〜1.5質量%の範囲が更に好ましい。
【0064】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物には、その保存安定性を向上させるために、安定剤を添加することもできる。安定剤としては、例えば、ヒドロキノン、ヒドロキノンモノアルキルエーテル類、第三ブチルカテコール類、ピロガロール類、チオフェノール類、ニトロ化合物類、β−ナフチルアミン類、β−ナフトール類等が挙げられる。添加する場合は、該重合性液晶組成物に対して、1質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.5質量%以下が特に好ましい。
【0065】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物を偏光フィルムや配向膜の原料、又は印刷インキ及び塗料、保護膜等の用途に利用する場合には、その目的に応じて、金属、金属錯体、染料、顔料、色素、蛍光材料、燐光材料、界面活性剤、レベリング剤、チキソ剤、ゲル化剤、多糖、紫外線吸収剤、赤外線吸収剤、抗酸化剤、イオン交換樹脂、酸化チタン等の金属酸化物、などを添加してもよい。
【0066】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物が液晶相を示す温度範囲内で、該重合性液晶組成物中の重合性化合物を重合させることで、本発明の光学異方体が得られる。具体的には、本発明の重合性液晶組成物を、配向機能を付与した基板上に塗布するか、又は二枚の基板間に挟持させた後、該重合性液晶組成物中の液晶分子をネマチック相を保持した状態で均一に配向させ、重合させることによって、本発明の光学異方体が得られる。
【0067】
前記基板は、有機、無機を問わず、公知慣用の材質の基板を使用することができる。例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート板、ポリカーボネート板、ポリイミド板、ポリアミド板、ポリメタクリル酸メチル板、ポリスチレン板、ポリ塩化ビニル板、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン板、セルロース板、シリコン板、ガラス板、方解石板等が挙げられる。基板の形状としては、平板の他、曲面を有するものであっても良い。これらの基板は、必要に応じて、電極層を有していてもよい。
【0068】
前記基板に液晶分子の配向機能を付与する方法としては特に限定はなく、公知慣用の方法が挙げられる。具体的には、布等で基板表面をラビング処理する方法、ポリイミド薄膜又はポリビニルアルコール薄膜等の有機薄膜を基板表面に形成し、これを布等でラビング処理する方法、基板にSiOを斜方蒸着して配向膜を形成する方法、分子内に光二量化反応する官能基を有する有機薄膜や光で異性化する官能基を有する有機薄膜に、偏光した光を照射することによって、配向膜を形成する光配向法等を挙げることができる。特に、通常のツイステッド・ネマチック素子又はスーパー・ツイステッド・ネマチック素子で使用されているプレチルト角を与えるポリイミド薄膜を使用すると、液晶分子の配向状態の制御を容易にすることができ、特に好ましい。
【0069】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物を基板上に塗布する場合は、スピンコーティング、ロールコーティング、グラビアコーティング、スプレーコーティング、ディッピング法等の公知慣用のコーティング法を利用すればよい。このとき、塗工性を高めるために、該重合性液晶組成物に公知慣用の有機溶媒を添加しても良い。この場合は、該重合性液晶組成物を基板上に塗布後、自然乾燥、加熱乾燥、減圧乾燥、減圧加熱乾燥等で有機溶媒を除去する。本発明の重合性液晶組成物を基板間に挟持させる場合は、毛細管現象あるいは真空注入法を利用した注入法等を利用すればよい。
【0070】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物を重合させる方法としては、活性エネルギー線を照射する方法や熱重合法等が挙げられるが、加熱を必要とせず、室温で反応が進行することから活性エネルギー線を照射する方法が好ましく、中でも、操作が簡便なことから、紫外線等の光を照射する方法が好ましい。紫外線強度は、0.1mW/cm〜2W/cmの範囲が好ましい。紫外線強度が0.1mW/cm未満の場合、重合を完了させるのに多大な時間がかかり、一方、2W/cmを超える強度では、重合性液晶組成物中の液晶分子が劣化する傾向にある。照射時の温度は、本発明の重合性液晶組成物が液晶相を保持できる温度とし、重合性液晶組成物の熱重合の誘起を避けるため、可能な限り25℃以下とすることが好ましい。尚、液晶組成物は、通常、昇温過程において、C−N転移温度から、N(ネマチック相)−I(等方性液体相)転移温度(以下、N−I転移温度と略す。)範囲内で液晶相を示す。一方、降温過程においては、熱力学的に非平衡状態を取るため、C−N転移温度以下でも凝固せず液晶状態を保つ場合がある。この状態を過冷却状態という。本発明においては、過冷却状態にある液晶組成物も液晶相を保持している状態に含めるものとする。
また、本発明の重合性液晶組成物を二枚の基板間に挟持させた状態で重合させる場合は、光照射面側の基板として、透明性を有する基板を使用する。
【0071】
マスクを使用して特定の部分のみを紫外線照射で重合させた後、該未重合部分の配向状態を、電場、磁場又は温度等をかけて変化させ、その後該未重合部分を重合させることで、異なる配向方向を複数有する光学異方体を得ることもできる。
【0072】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物を重合させて得られる重合体は、基板から剥離して単体で光学異方体として使用することも、基板から剥離せずにそのまま光学異方体として使用することもできる。剥離した場合は、それらを積層することも、他の基板に貼り合わせて使用することもできる。
【0073】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、双極子モーメントの小さい液晶化合物を添加して25℃でネマチック相を示すように調製し、加温せずに重合させることができる。双極子モーメントの小さい液晶化合物の配合量を増やさなくとも、25℃で長時間安定にネマチック相を示すように重合性液晶組成物を調製できるので、重合性液晶組成物中のスワローテイル骨格の濃度は下がらない。そのため、得られた光学異方体は異方性及び透明性に優れる。
本発明の光学異方体は、光学補償板、光学的ローパスフィルタ、又は偏光プリズム材料としては勿論のこと、位相差板、偏光板、光導波路、圧電素子、非線形光学素子、各種光フィルター、コレステリック液晶相等の選択反射を利用した顔料、光ファイバー等の被覆剤等への応用が可能である。
【0074】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例によって、本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0075】
[評価項目]
重合性液晶組成物のC−N転移温度、及びN−I転移温度は、偏光顕微鏡観察及び示差走査熱量測定により決定した。
相溶性は、相溶後の安定性で評価し、重合性液晶組成物を封入したサンプル瓶を25℃に放置し、相分離や結晶の析出が見られるか否かを目視にて観察し、その時間を測定した。
透明度は、JIS K−7136に準拠し、ヘーズ値で表した。ヘーズ値の小さいものほど透明度に優れることを表す。
リタデーション値は、ヘリウム−ネオンレーザー(He−Ne LASER)とフォトエラスティックモジュレーター(Photo Elastic Modulator)を使用した偏光解析装置により測定した。値が高いものほどリタデーションに優れることを表す。
【0076】
<合成例1>
3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸10g、6−ブロモ−1−ヘキサノール26g、水酸化ナトリウム8.2g、ヨウ化カリウム1g、エタノール45ml及び水45mlからなる混合物を、80℃で8時間攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、反応液に飽和食塩水500mlを加え、反応液の水層が弱酸性になるまで希塩酸を加えた。この反応溶液に酢酸エチル300mlを加えて反応生成物を抽出した。有機層を水洗した後、抽出溶媒を減圧留去し、さらに風乾させて、下記式で表わされる化合物(a)23.5gを得た。
【0077】
【化28】
Figure 2004059772
(a)
【0078】
得られた化合物(a)23.5g、アクリル酸30g、p−トルエンスルホン酸5g、ヒドロキノン1g、トルエン100ml、n−ヘキサン60ml及びテトラヒドロフラン40mlからなる混合物を加熱撹拌し、生成してくる水を留去しながら6時間還流させた。室温まで冷却した後、反応液に飽和食塩水500ml及び酢酸エチル300mlを加えて反応生成物を抽出した。有機層を水洗した後、有機溶媒を減圧留去して粗生成物40.1gを得た。次に、この粗生成物を、n−ヘキサン100mlとトルエン20mlの混合溶媒からの再結晶を2回行い、下記式で表わされる化合物(b)8.0gを得た。
【0079】
【化29】
Figure 2004059772
(b)
【0080】
4−ヒドロキシビフェニル7.1g、式(b)で表わされる化合物16.1g及び塩化メチレン300mlの溶液に1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩8.9g及び4−ジメチルアミノピリジン2.3gを加えて、室温で約48時間攪拌した。薄層クロマトグラフィー(展開層;シリカゲル、展開溶媒;トルエンと酢酸エチルが4:1の混合溶媒)によって反応が終了したことを確認した後、飽和食塩水200mlで2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水し、減圧下溶媒留去した後、粗生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開層;シリカゲル、展開溶媒;トルエンと酢酸エチルが3:1の混合溶媒)で分離して下記式で表わされる重合性化合物(c)10.5gを得た。得られた重合性化合物(c)の固相−等方相転移温度(以下、C−I転移温度と略す)は80℃であり、単独では液晶相を示さない重合性化合物であった。
【0081】
【化30】
Figure 2004059772
(c)
【0082】
<合成例2>
4−(4−プロピルシクロヘキシル)−フェノール9.1g、式(b)で表わされる化合物16.1g及び塩化メチレン300mlの溶液に、1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩8.9g及び4−ジメチルアミノピリジン2.3gを加え、室温で約48時間攪拌した。薄層クロマトグラフィー(展開層;シリカゲル、展開溶媒;トルエンと酢酸エチルが4:1の混合溶媒)によって反応が終了したことを確認した後、飽和食塩水200mlで2回洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水し、減圧下溶媒留去した後、粗生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開層;シリカゲル、展開溶媒;トルエンと酢酸エチルが4:1の混合溶媒)で分離して下記式で表わされる重合性化合物(d)11.5gを得た。
得られた重合性化合物(d)は、昇温時に、C−I転移温度47℃を示し、降温時に、等方相−ネマチック相転移温度(以下、I−N相転移温度と略す)28℃、ネマチック相−等方相転移温度(以下、N−C転移温度と略す)−10℃を示す、モノトロピック液晶相を示す重合性化合物であった。
【0083】
【化31】
Figure 2004059772
(d)
【0084】
<調製例>
スワローテイル型の重合性化合物としては、前記合成例1及び2で得た式(c)及び(d)で表される重合性化合物、及び式(e)で表される重合性化合物を使用した。電子吸引基を持たない双極子モーメントの小さい液晶組成物としては、式(f)の重合性化合物50質量部と式(g)の重合性化合物50質量部とからなる重合性液晶組成物(A)を調製した。
【0085】
【化32】
Figure 2004059772
(e)
【0086】
【化33】
Figure 2004059772
(f)
【0087】
【化34】
Figure 2004059772
(g)
【0088】
[実施例1]
式(c)で表される重合性化合物30質量部及び重合性液晶組成物(A)70質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(B)を調製した。重合性液晶組成物(B)は、C−N転移温度は25℃であり、N−I転移温度は45℃であった。重合性液晶組成物(B)は、室温で1ヶ月間静置しても相分離することがなく、相溶性に優れていた。
【0089】
[実施例2]
式(d)で表される重合性化合物30質量部及び重合性液晶組成物(A)70質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(C)を調製した。重合性液晶組成物(C)は、C−N転移温度は−30℃であり、N−I転移温度は47℃であった。重合性液晶組成物(C)は、室温で4ヶ月間静置しても相分離することがなく、相溶性に優れていた。
【0090】
[実施例3]
式(d)で表される重合性化合物15質量部、式(e)で表される重合性化合物15質量部及び重合性液晶組成物(A)70質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(D)を調製した。重合性液晶組成物(D)は、C−N転移温度は11℃であり、N−I転移温度は47℃であった。重合性液晶組成物(D)は、室温で1ヶ月間静置しても相分離することがなく、相溶性に優れていた。
【0091】
[比較例1]
下記式で表される重合性化合物(h)30質量部、及び重合性液晶組成物(A)70質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(E)を調製した。重合性液晶組成物(E)は、C−N転移温度は41℃であり、N−I転移温度は64℃であった。重合性液晶組成物(D)は、冷却過程で25℃に於いて過冷却によるネマチック相を呈したが、室温で約2時間静置したところ、相分離してしまった。
【0092】
【化35】
Figure 2004059772
(h)
【0093】
[実施例4]
実施例2で調製した重合性液晶組成物(C)99質量部、チバガイギー社製の光重合開始剤「イルガキュアー907」1質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(F)を調製した。液晶分子を一軸配向するよう配向処理を施した、セルギャップ50μmのガラスセル「アンチパラレル配向液晶ガラスセル」に、重合性液晶組成物(F)を25℃で注入した。注入後、1分以内に配向が安定し、均一な一軸配向が得られているのが確認できた。次に、目白プレシジョン製の超高圧水銀灯750Wを使用し、波長366nm、140W/mの紫外線を200秒間照射して、重合性液晶組成物(F)を重合させ、光学異方体を得た。ガラスセルにいれたままの光学異方体の平行光透過率は86.5%で、ヘーズ値は1.9%、リタデーション値は2.9μmであった。
【0094】
[実施例5]光学異方体製造例
実施例3で調製した重合性液晶組成物(D)99質量部、光重合開始剤「イルガキュアー907」1質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(G)を調製した他は、実施例4と同様にして光学異方体を得た。ガラスセルにいれたままの光学異方体の平行光透過率は88.8%で、ヘーズ値は1.4%、リタデーション値は3.1μmであった。
【0095】
[比較例2]光学異方体作製例
比較例1で調製した重合性液晶組成物(E)99質量部、光重合開始剤「イルガキュアー907」1質量部からなる重合性液晶組成物(H)を調製した他は、実施例5と同様にして光学異方体を得た。ガラスセルにいれたままの光学異方体の平行光透過率は83.4%で、ヘーズは4.7%であった。リタデーション値は2.7ミクロンであった。
【0096】
この結果、実施例1、2で得た重合性液晶組成物は、比較例1で得た重合性液晶組成物と比較し、相溶性に優れていた。また、実施例4、5で得た光学異方体は、比較例2で得た光学異方体と比較し、更に透明性及びリタデーションに優れていた。
【0097】
【発明の効果】
本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、分子末端に水素原子、アルキル基、又はアルコキシ基を有する一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物を含有する。該重合性化合物は、シアノ基等の極性基を持たないことから双極子モーメントが小さく、重合性液晶組成物に配合することによって、系全体の極性を低く抑えることができる。
この結果、前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物を配合した本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、前記一般式(3)で表される重合性化合物のような、C−N転移温度を下げる効果のある双極子モーメントの小さい液晶化合物と相溶性がよく、混合しても長時間安定に液晶相を示す。また、仮に、本発明の重合性液晶組成物に、シアノ基等を有するような双極子モーメントの大きい化合物を配合しても、系全体の極性が極端にあがることもない。前記一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物は、スワローテイル骨格を有するので、骨格の類似している、分子末端にシアノ基等の極性基を有するスワローテイル型の重合性液晶化合物との相溶性に優れる。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、双極子モーメントの小さいスワローテール型ではない液晶化合物の配合量を少なくしても、25℃で長時間安定にネマチック相を示すように重合性液晶組成物を調製できるので、重合性液晶組成物中のスワローテイル型の液晶化合物の濃度を高くすることができる。そのため、異方性及び透明性に優れた光学異方体を得ることができる。特に、前記一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物を配合すると、より透明性に優れた光学異方体を得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polymerizable liquid crystal composition and an optically anisotropic body obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A polymerizable liquid crystal compound, or a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound that exhibits a liquid crystal phase when mixed with a liquid crystal compound, fixes the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when polymerized while maintaining a nematic phase. A polymer can be produced. Since this polymer has anisotropy of physical properties such as a refractive index, a dielectric constant, a magnetic susceptibility, an elastic modulus, and a thermal expansion coefficient, its application as an optically anisotropic body is particularly studied.
[0003]
Photopolymerization is one of the polymerization methods for fixing the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules. In photopolymerization, since the polymerization reaction proceeds without applying heat that causes disturbance to the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, the alignment can be fixed without disturbing the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules.
However, when the solid phase-nematic phase transition temperature (hereinafter abbreviated as CN transition temperature) of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is high, it is necessary to heat the polymerizable liquid crystal composition in order to maintain the nematic phase. However, this heating may cause partial thermal polymerization before starting photopolymerization, which may cause misalignment. Therefore, usually, the composition of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is adjusted so as to exhibit a nematic phase in a temperature range of 25 ° C. to 40 ° C. so that the nematic phase can be maintained without heating.
[0004]
On the other hand, when a polymer in which the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules is fixed is applied to an optically anisotropic body, the polymer is required to have excellent transparency and heat resistance.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-327632 discloses that a swallow-tail type polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula A having a CN transition temperature of 94 ° C. includes a polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the formula B and a compound represented by the formula C. It is described that a polymerizable liquid crystal composition exhibiting a nematic phase at 25 ° C. is prepared by mixing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to be obtained, and this is polymerized at 25 ° C. or lower to obtain an optically anisotropic body. .
[0005]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
Formula A
[0006]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
Formula B
[0007]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
Formula C
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the compound represented by the formula A, the compound represented by the formula B, and the compound represented by the formula C have low compatibility, and once they seem to be uniformly mixed, phase separation occurs within a short time. There was a problem of getting up. This is because the compound represented by the formula A has a cyano group at the molecular terminal, has a large dipole moment, and has an electron-withdrawing group such as the compound represented by the formula B and the compound represented by the formula C. A polymerizable compound having a small dipole moment does not have generally low compatibility, and a compound represented by the formula A and a compound represented by the formula B or a compound represented by the formula C have a liquid crystal skeleton. Because of the great difference, the low compatibility is considered as a reason.
When the compounding amount of the compound represented by the formula B and the compound represented by the formula C is increased, the compatibility is somewhat improved, but the concentration of the swallowtail type compound in the entire system is reduced. There has been a problem that the transparency of an optically anisotropic body obtained by polymerizing this is reduced.
[0009]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a swallow-tail type polymerizable compound that is also excellent in compatibility with a liquid crystal compound having a small dipole moment. An object of the present invention is to provide an optically anisotropic body having excellent transparency, which is obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in a polymerizable liquid crystal composition within a temperature range in which the crystalline liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A swallowtail polymerizable compound having a cyano group at the molecular terminal has a large dipole moment, and therefore has low compatibility with a polymerizable compound having a small dipole moment. The present inventors are the same swallowtail type polymerizable compound, but have a polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) having a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group instead of a highly polar cyano group at the molecular terminal. The compound has excellent compatibility with a liquid crystal compound having a small dipole moment, and at the same time, has a similar skeletal structure, has a cyano group at a molecular terminal, and is well compatible with the swallowtail type polymerizable compound having a large dipole moment. I found something.
That is, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) has a CN transition temperature even when it contains a swallow tail polymerizable compound having a large dipole moment as a component. Small, is also compatible with a polymerizable compound having a low dipole moment, and, within a temperature range showing a liquid crystal phase, an optically anisotropic body obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is , More excellent in transparency. The present invention has solved the above-described problems by providing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
[0011]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(1)
[0012]
(Where R 1 Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A, B and D are 6-membered rings, each independently being a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring, Represents a hetero ring containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom. In the six-membered rings A, B and D, one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring are an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkanoyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with a group or a halogen atom. Y 1 And Y 2 Is each independently a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-,-(CH 2 ) 4 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH = CH-CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 Represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of -CH = CH-, -CH = CH-CO-O- and -OCO-CH = CH-. X 1 And X 2 Each independently represents a single bond, -O-, -CO-O-, or -OCO-; 1 And S 2 Is each independently -C m H 2m -Or-(C m H 2m -O) n -C m H 2m (Where m represents an integer of 1 to 20, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10). L 1 And L 2 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group each independently. )
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the general formula (1), among the six-membered ring A, the six-membered ring B, and the six-membered ring D, examples of the hetero ring include a pyran ring, a dioxane ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazone ring, a pyrimidine ring, and a pyridazine ring. And the like.
As the six-membered ring A, the six-membered ring B, and the six-membered ring D, if a ring such as a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, or a pyrimidine ring, which is conjugated in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule, is selected, A large polymerizable compound can be obtained, and a polymerizable compound having a small birefringence can be obtained by selecting a ring that is not conjugated in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule, such as a cyclohexane ring, a dioxane ring, and a pyran ring.
[0014]
In the general formula (1), Y 1 And Y 2 A structure such as a single bond, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, etc., which is conjugated in the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule is selected. Thus, a polymerizable compound having a large birefringence can be obtained. 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -,-(CH 2 ) 4 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 By selecting a structure that is not conjugated in the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecules, such as-, a polymerizable compound having a small birefringence can be obtained.
[0015]
In the general formula (1), S 1 And S 2 Has a role as a spacer separating the liquid crystal skeleton from the (meth) acryloyloxy group. Specific examples include a methylene group, a propylene group, a hexamethylene group, and a group in which these groups are linked by an ether bond. Among them, m is preferably 2 to 15, and m is particularly preferably 3 to 11.
[0016]
Specific examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) include compounds represented by the following general formulas (A) to (C).
[0017]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(A)
[0018]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(I)
[0019]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(C)
[0020]
(In the formulas (A) to (C), R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, s represents an integer of 1 to 20, and L represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group).
[0021]
The polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized by applying a synthesis method known in the technical field of liquid crystal compounds. Examples of the synthesis include those described in Chapter 4 of Volume 1 and Chapters 3 to 5 of Volume 2 of Handbook of Liquid Crystals (Handbook of Liquid Crystals) published by Wiley. General synthesis methods can be applied.
[0022]
For example, the compound represented by the formula (A) can be synthesized as follows. That is, the compound represented by the formula (D) is obtained by etherifying 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with a halogenated alcohol, followed by a dehydration condensation reaction with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Further, the compound represented by the formula (A) is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction with 4-hydroxybiphenyl to obtain a compound represented by the formula (A).
[0023]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(D)
[0024]
(In the formula, s represents an integer of 1 to 20, and L represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.)
[0025]
Further, the compound represented by the formula (A) can be synthesized as follows. That is, 1-iodo-3,4-dimethoxybenzene is reacted with a phenyl Grignard reagent to obtain a biphenyl derivative, which is reacted with acetyl chloride. After hydrolysis with an alkali, the methyl group of the methoxy group is cleaved with hydrobromic acid to obtain a compound represented by the formula (E). Next, after etherifying the compound represented by the formula (E) with a halogenated alcohol, a dehydration condensation reaction is performed with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and finally, a 4-alkylphenol or 4-alkoxyphenol is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction, The compound represented by the formula (A) is obtained.
[0026]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(E)
[0027]
The compound represented by the formula (C) can be synthesized as follows. That is, it can be obtained by subjecting the compound represented by the formula (D) to 4- (trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl) phenol or 4- (trans-4-alkoxycyclohexyl) phenol to undergo a dehydration condensation reaction.
[0028]
Since the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) does not have a polar group such as a cyano group, the dipole moment is small, and the compound can be mixed with the polymerizable liquid crystal composition to suppress the polarity of the entire system to be low. be able to. As a result, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention containing the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) is compatible with the liquid crystal compound having a small dipole moment that has an effect of lowering the CN transition temperature. Is good.
The polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) has a swallow tail skeleton. Even if a swallow-tail type polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a polar group such as a cyano group at the molecular terminal is added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) may be added. Have a similar molecular structure, so that phase separation is difficult.
[0029]
The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention exhibits a liquid crystal phase when mixed with a known and commonly used polymerizable liquid crystal compound or a known and commonly used liquid crystal compound, in addition to the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1). A polymerizable compound can be appropriately blended. Above all, when a swallow-tail type polymerizable compound having a structure similar to that of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) is blended, the effect of improving the transparency of the optically anisotropic body obtained by polymerization is observed. . In particular, the effect is large when a swallow tail type polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) is used.
[0030]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(2)
[0031]
In the general formula (2), L 3 , L 4 , And L 5 Each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. S 3 , S 4 , And S 5 Is each independently -C m H 2m -Or-(C m H 2m -O) n -C m H 2m (Where m represents an integer of 1 to 20, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10). X 3 , X 4 , And X 5 Each independently represents a single bond, -O-, -CO-O-, or -OCO-. E, G, and J each represent a six-membered ring, each independently representing a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring, or a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom. In the six-membered rings E, G and J, at least one hydrogen atom on the ring is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkanoyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with a group or a halogen atom. Y 3 And Y 4 Is each independently a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-,-(CH 2 ) 4 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH = CH-CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 Represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of -CH = CH-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, and -OCO-CH = CH-.
[0032]
Specific examples of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) include compounds disclosed in JP-A-2000-178233, and examples thereof include the following formulas (f) to (h). The compound of.
[0033]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(F)
[0034]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(G)
[0035]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(H)
[0036]
(In the formulas (f) to (g), s and t represent an integer of 1 to 20, and L 1 And L 2 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. )
[0037]
For example, the compound represented by the formula (f) can be synthesized as follows. That is, after the 4,4′-biphenol is etherified with a halogenated alcohol, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is subjected to a dehydration-condensation reaction to obtain a compound represented by the formula (II). Furthermore, the compound represented by the formula (f) is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction with the compound represented by the formula (d) to obtain a compound represented by the formula (f).
[0038]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(Q)
[0039]
(Wherein, t represents an integer of 1 to 20; 2 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. )
[0040]
Further, the compound represented by the formula (G) can be synthesized as follows. That is, the methyl ester of caffeic acid is etherified with a halogenated alcohol, deesterified with an aqueous alkali solution, and then subjected to a dehydration-condensation reaction of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to obtain a compound represented by the formula (co). . The compound represented by the formula (G) and the compound represented by the formula (K) are subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction to obtain a compound represented by the formula (G).
[0041]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(Co)
[0042]
Further, the compound represented by the formula (C) can be synthesized as follows. That is, after the compound represented by the formula (E) is etherified with a halogenated alcohol, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction to synthesize the compound represented by the formula (S). On the other hand, after hydroquinone is etherified with a halogenated alcohol, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction to synthesize a compound represented by the formula (C). By dehydrating and condensing the compound represented by the formula (sa) and the compound represented by the formula (si), a compound represented by the formula (h) is obtained.
[0043]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(Sa)
[0044]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(S)
[0045]
(In the formulas (sa) and (si), s and t represent an integer of 1 to 20; 1 And L 2 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. )
[0046]
The ratio of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) to the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is: By blending the compound represented by (2) so as to be 7: 3 to 1: 9, an optically anisotropic body having more excellent transparency can be obtained.
[0047]
A polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (3) is added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention exhibiting a CI transition temperature of 40 ° C. or more by 40 to 80% by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. When it is blended so as to occupy, the CI transition temperature can be lowered to around 25 ° C. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention does not undergo phase separation for a long time even when a polymerizable compound having a small dipole moment as represented by the general formula (3) is blended.
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(3)
[0049]
In the general formula (3), L 6 Represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. K, M and N are 6-membered rings, each independently representing a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a cyclohexene ring. Y 5 And Y 6 Is each independently a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-,-(CH 2 ) 4 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH = CH-CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 Represents a linking group selected from the group consisting of -CH = CH-, -CH = CH-CO-O- and -OCO-CH = CH-, and r represents an integer of 0 or 1. Y 7 Represents a single bond, -O-, -CO-O-, or -OCO-; 1 Is Y 7 Is a single bond, represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; 7 Is -O-, -CO-O-, or -OCO-, represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0050]
Specific examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by Formula (3) include compounds represented by Formulas (S) to (T). Among them, it is preferable to use the compound represented by the formula (S) and the compound represented by the formula (C) in combination, and the ratio of the compound represented by the formula (S) to the compound represented by the formula (C) is preferable. Is more preferably 75:25 to 25:75. In particular, the ratio of the compound represented by the formula (S) to the compound represented by the formula (C) is preferably from 40:60 to 60:40. Within this range, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition which exhibits a nematic phase at 25 ° C. and does not undergo phase separation for a long time can be obtained.
[0051]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(S)
[0052]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(S)
[0053]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(SO)
[0054]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(T)
[0055]
When the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1), the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2), and the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (3) are used in combination, they show a nematic phase at 25 ° C. Thus, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition that does not undergo phase separation for a long time can be obtained. Further, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition within a temperature range in which the polymerizable liquid crystal composition exhibits a liquid crystal phase is particularly excellent in transparency. Specifically, the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) is 4% by mass to 20% by mass, the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) is 15% by mass to 36% by mass, and the general formula It is particularly preferred that the polymerizable compound represented by (3) be used in combination at 60% by mass to 70% by mass.
[0056]
Other known and commonly used polymerizable compounds that can be compounded in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention include compounds having the following structures.
[0057]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
[0058]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
[0059]
(Wherein, L represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n and m each independently represent an integer of 1 to 20)
[0060]
If necessary, a liquid crystal compound having no polymerizable functional group can be added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. However, if the addition amount is too large, the heat resistance of the obtained polymer tends to be inferior. Therefore, when added, the amount is preferably 80% by mass or less based on the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. It is more preferably at most 10 mass%, particularly preferably at most 10 mass%.
[0061]
A compound having a polymerizable functional group and having no liquid crystalline skeleton can be added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. As such a compound, any compound which is generally recognized as a polymerizable monomer or a polymerizable oligomer in this technical field can be used without particular limitation. When added, the content is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, based on the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention.
[0062]
A compound having optical activity, that is, a chiral compound may be added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. The chiral compound does not need to exhibit a liquid crystal phase itself, and may or may not have a polymerizable functional group. The direction of the helix of the chiral compound can be appropriately selected depending on the intended use of the polymer.
Specifically, for example, cholesteryl pelargonic acid having a cholesteryl group as a chiral group, cholesterol stearate, CB-15 having a 2-methylbutyl group as a chiral group, "CB-15", "C-15", "S-1082" manufactured by Chisso, "CM-19", "CM-20", "CM" manufactured by Chisso, "S-811" manufactured by Merck having a 1-methylheptyl group as a chiral group, Chisso "CM-21" and "CM-22" manufactured by the company.
When a chiral compound is added, the value (d / P) obtained by dividing the thickness (d) of the obtained polymer by the helical pitch (P) in the polymer is 0, depending on the use of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. It is preferable to add an amount in the range of 0.1 to 100, more preferably 0.1 to 20.
[0063]
A polymerization initiator such as a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator can be added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. Examples of the thermal polymerization initiator include benzoyl peroxide, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, and the like. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include benzoin ethers, benzophenones, acetophenones, and benzyl ketals. When added, the amount is preferably 10% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by mass, based on the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
[0064]
A stabilizer may be added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention in order to improve the storage stability. Examples of the stabilizer include hydroquinone, hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers, tertiary butyl catechols, pyrogallols, thiophenols, nitro compounds, β-naphthylamines, β-naphthols and the like. When added, it is preferably at most 1% by mass, particularly preferably at most 0.5% by mass, based on the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
[0065]
When the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is used as a raw material for a polarizing film or an alignment film, or used for printing inks and paints, protective films, etc., depending on the purpose, a metal, a metal complex, a dye, a pigment, Dyes, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, surfactants, leveling agents, thixotropic agents, gelling agents, polysaccharides, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, antioxidants, ion exchange resins, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, etc. It may be added.
[0066]
By polymerizing the polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition within a temperature range where the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention exhibits a liquid crystal phase, the optically anisotropic body of the present invention can be obtained. Specifically, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is applied on a substrate having an alignment function, or after being sandwiched between two substrates, the liquid crystal molecules in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition are removed. The optically anisotropic body of the present invention can be obtained by uniformly aligning and polymerizing while maintaining the nematic phase.
[0067]
As the substrate, a substrate of a known and commonly used material can be used regardless of whether it is organic or inorganic. For example, polyethylene terephthalate plate, polycarbonate plate, polyimide plate, polyamide plate, polymethyl methacrylate plate, polystyrene plate, polyvinyl chloride plate, polytetrafluoroethylene plate, cellulose plate, silicon plate, glass plate, calcite plate, etc. . The substrate may have a curved surface in addition to a flat plate. These substrates may have an electrode layer as needed.
[0068]
There is no particular limitation on the method for imparting the alignment function of liquid crystal molecules to the substrate, and examples thereof include known methods. Specifically, a method of rubbing the substrate surface with a cloth or the like, a method of forming an organic thin film such as a polyimide thin film or a polyvinyl alcohol thin film on the substrate surface and rubbing the same with a cloth or the like, 2 A method of forming an alignment film by obliquely vapor-depositing, by irradiating polarized light to an organic thin film having a functional group that undergoes photodimerization reaction in a molecule or an organic thin film having a functional group that isomerizes by light, A photo-alignment method for forming a film can be used. In particular, it is particularly preferable to use a polyimide thin film that gives a pretilt angle used in a normal twisted nematic device or a super twisted nematic device, because the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules can be easily controlled.
[0069]
When the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is applied on a substrate, a known and commonly used coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, gravure coating, spray coating, and dipping may be used. At this time, in order to enhance coatability, a known and commonly used organic solvent may be added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. In this case, after applying the polymerizable liquid crystal composition on a substrate, the organic solvent is removed by natural drying, heat drying, reduced pressure drying, reduced pressure heating drying, or the like. When the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is sandwiched between substrates, a capillary phenomenon or an injection method utilizing a vacuum injection method may be used.
[0070]
Examples of the method of polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention include a method of irradiating an active energy ray and a thermal polymerization method, but the method does not require heating and the reaction proceeds at room temperature. Irradiation is preferable, and among them, a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet light is preferable because the operation is simple. UV intensity is 0.1mW / cm 2 ~ 2W / cm 2 Is preferable. UV intensity 0.1mW / cm 2 If less than 2W / cm, it takes a long time to complete the polymerization. 2 If the strength exceeds, the liquid crystal molecules in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition tend to deteriorate. The temperature at the time of irradiation is preferably a temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention can maintain a liquid crystal phase, and is preferably 25 ° C. or lower as much as possible to avoid induction of thermal polymerization of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition usually ranges from a CN transition temperature to an N (nematic phase) -I (isotropic liquid phase) transition temperature (hereinafter abbreviated as an NI transition temperature) in a temperature rising process. Shows a liquid crystal phase within. On the other hand, in the temperature-falling process, a non-equilibrium state is attained thermodynamically, so that the liquid crystal state may be maintained without solidification even at a temperature lower than the CN transition temperature. This state is called a supercooled state. In the present invention, a liquid crystal composition in a supercooled state is also included in a state in which a liquid crystal phase is maintained.
When the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is polymerized while being sandwiched between two substrates, a transparent substrate is used as the substrate on the light irradiation surface side.
[0071]
After polymerizing only a specific portion with ultraviolet irradiation using a mask, the orientation state of the unpolymerized portion is changed by applying an electric field, a magnetic field or a temperature, and then the unpolymerized portion is polymerized. An optically anisotropic body having a plurality of different alignment directions can be obtained.
[0072]
The polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention may be peeled off from the substrate and used alone as an optical anisotropic body, or used as it is without peeling off from the substrate. You can also. When peeled off, they can be laminated or bonded to another substrate for use.
[0073]
The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be prepared so as to exhibit a nematic phase at 25 ° C. by adding a liquid crystal compound having a small dipole moment, and polymerized without heating. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition can be prepared so as to exhibit a nematic phase stably at 25 ° C. for a long time without increasing the amount of the liquid crystal compound having a small dipole moment, so that the concentration of the swallow tail skeleton in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition can be improved. Does not fall. Therefore, the obtained optically anisotropic body is excellent in anisotropy and transparency.
The optical anisotropic body of the present invention is not only an optical compensator, an optical low-pass filter, or a polarizing prism material, but also a retardation plate, a polarizing plate, an optical waveguide, a piezoelectric element, a nonlinear optical element, various optical filters, a cholesteric It can be applied to pigments utilizing selective reflection of a liquid crystal phase or the like, coating materials for optical fibers and the like.
[0074]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0075]
[Evaluation item]
The CN transition temperature and the NI transition temperature of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition were determined by observation with a polarizing microscope and differential scanning calorimetry.
Compatibility was evaluated by stability after compatibility, the sample bottle in which the polymerizable liquid crystal composition was sealed was left at 25 ° C., and whether or not phase separation or precipitation of crystals was observed was visually observed. The time was measured.
The transparency was represented by a haze value according to JIS K-7136. The smaller the haze value, the better the transparency.
The retardation value was measured by an ellipsometer using a helium-neon laser (He-Ne LASER) and a photo elastic modulator (Photo Elastic Modulator). The higher the value, the better the retardation.
[0076]
<Synthesis example 1>
A mixture consisting of 10 g of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 26 g of 6-bromo-1-hexanol, 8.2 g of sodium hydroxide, 1 g of potassium iodide, 45 ml of ethanol and 45 ml of water was stirred at 80 ° C. for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, 500 ml of saturated saline was added to the reaction solution, and dilute hydrochloric acid was added until the aqueous layer of the reaction solution became weakly acidic. 300 ml of ethyl acetate was added to the reaction solution to extract a reaction product. After washing the organic layer with water, the extraction solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and further air-dried to obtain 23.5 g of a compound (a) represented by the following formula.
[0077]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(A)
[0078]
A mixture comprising 23.5 g of the obtained compound (a), 30 g of acrylic acid, 5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1 g of hydroquinone, 100 ml of toluene, 60 ml of n-hexane and 40 ml of tetrahydrofuran was heated and stirred, and the generated water was distilled off. Refluxed for 6 hours while leaving. After cooling to room temperature, 500 ml of saturated saline and 300 ml of ethyl acetate were added to the reaction solution to extract a reaction product. After washing the organic layer with water, the organic solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 40.1 g of a crude product. Next, the crude product was recrystallized twice from a mixed solvent of 100 ml of n-hexane and 20 ml of toluene to obtain 8.0 g of a compound (b) represented by the following formula.
[0079]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(B)
[0080]
In a solution of 7.1 g of 4-hydroxybiphenyl, 16.1 g of the compound represented by the formula (b) and 300 ml of methylene chloride, 8.9 g of 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-dimethylamino 2.3 g of pyridine was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 48 hours. After confirming the completion of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography (developing layer; silica gel, developing solvent; mixed solvent of toluene and ethyl acetate 4: 1), the mixture was washed twice with 200 ml of saturated saline. After dehydrating the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was separated by column chromatography (developing layer; silica gel, developing solvent; a mixed solvent of toluene and ethyl acetate 3: 1). 10.5 g of a polymerizable compound (c) represented by the following formula was obtained. The obtained polymerizable compound (c) had a solid-phase-isotropic phase transition temperature (hereinafter, abbreviated as CI transition temperature) of 80 ° C., and was a polymerizable compound that did not show a liquid crystal phase by itself.
[0081]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(C)
[0082]
<Synthesis Example 2>
To a solution of 9.1 g of 4- (4-propylcyclohexyl) -phenol, 16.1 g of the compound represented by the formula (b) and 300 ml of methylene chloride, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride 8 was added. 2.9 g and 2.3 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 48 hours. After confirming the completion of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography (developing layer; silica gel, developing solvent; mixed solvent of toluene and ethyl acetate 4: 1), the mixture was washed twice with 200 ml of saturated saline. After dehydrating the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporating the solvent under reduced pressure, the crude product was separated by column chromatography (developing layer; silica gel, developing solvent; a mixed solvent of toluene and ethyl acetate at a ratio of 4: 1). 11.5 g of a polymerizable compound (d) represented by the following formula was obtained.
The resulting polymerizable compound (d) exhibits a CI transition temperature of 47 ° C. when the temperature is raised, and an isotropic phase-nematic phase transition temperature (hereinafter abbreviated as an IN phase transition temperature) of 28 ° C. when the temperature is lowered. And a nematic phase-isotropic phase transition temperature (hereinafter, abbreviated as an N-C transition temperature) of -10 ° C., and a monotropic liquid crystal phase.
[0083]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(D)
[0084]
<Preparation example>
As the swallow tail polymerizable compound, the polymerizable compounds represented by the formulas (c) and (d) obtained in the above Synthesis Examples 1 and 2 and the polymerizable compound represented by the formula (e) were used. . As a liquid crystal composition having a small dipole moment without an electron-withdrawing group, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A) comprising 50 parts by mass of a polymerizable compound of the formula (f) and 50 parts by mass of a polymerizable compound of the formula (g) ) Was prepared.
[0085]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(E)
[0086]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(F)
[0087]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(G)
[0088]
[Example 1]
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B) comprising 30 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound represented by the formula (c) and 70 parts by weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A) was prepared. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B) had a CN transition temperature of 25 ° C and an NI transition temperature of 45 ° C. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B) did not undergo phase separation even when allowed to stand at room temperature for one month, and was excellent in compatibility.
[0089]
[Example 2]
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition (C) comprising 30 parts by mass of the polymerizable compound represented by the formula (d) and 70 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A) was prepared. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (C) had a CN transition temperature of −30 ° C. and an NI transition temperature of 47 ° C. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (C) was excellent in compatibility without phase separation even when allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 months.
[0090]
[Example 3]
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition (D) comprising 15 parts by mass of a polymerizable compound represented by the formula (d), 15 parts by mass of the polymerizable compound represented by the formula (e), and 70 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A). ) Was prepared. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (D) had a CN transition temperature of 11 ° C and an NI transition temperature of 47 ° C. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (D) did not undergo phase separation even when left at room temperature for one month, and was excellent in compatibility.
[0091]
[Comparative Example 1]
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition (E) comprising 30 parts by weight of a polymerizable compound (h) represented by the following formula and 70 parts by weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A) was prepared. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (E) had a CN transition temperature of 41 ° C and an NI transition temperature of 64 ° C. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (D) exhibited a nematic phase due to supercooling at 25 ° C. during the cooling process, but when left at room temperature for about 2 hours, the phase was separated.
[0092]
Embedded image
Figure 2004059772
(H)
[0093]
[Example 4]
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition (F) comprising 99 parts by weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (C) prepared in Example 2 and 1 part by weight of a photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 907” manufactured by Ciba-Geigy was prepared. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition (F) was injected at 25 ° C. into a glass cell “anti-parallel alignment liquid crystal glass cell” having a cell gap of 50 μm and having been subjected to an alignment treatment so as to uniaxially align the liquid crystal molecules. It was confirmed that the orientation was stabilized within 1 minute after the injection and a uniform uniaxial orientation was obtained. Next, using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp 750 W made by Mejiro Precision, a wavelength of 366 nm, 140 W / m 2 Was irradiated for 200 seconds to polymerize the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (F) to obtain an optically anisotropic body. The parallel light transmittance of the optically anisotropic body in the glass cell was 86.5%, the haze value was 1.9%, and the retardation value was 2.9 μm.
[0094]
[Example 5] Production example of optically anisotropic body
Example 4 was repeated except that 99 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (D) prepared in Example 3 and 1 part by mass of the photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 907” were prepared. Similarly, an optically anisotropic body was obtained. The parallel light transmittance of the optically anisotropic body in the glass cell was 88.8%, the haze value was 1.4%, and the retardation value was 3.1 μm.
[0095]
[Comparative Example 2] Optical anisotropic body production example
Example 5 was repeated except that 99 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (E) prepared in Comparative Example 1 and 1 part by mass of the photopolymerization initiator “Irgacure 907” were prepared. Similarly, an optically anisotropic body was obtained. The parallel light transmittance of the optically anisotropic body left in the glass cell was 83.4%, and the haze was 4.7%. The retardation value was 2.7 microns.
[0096]
As a result, the polymerizable liquid crystal compositions obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were superior in compatibility to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition obtained in Comparative Example 1. The optically anisotropic bodies obtained in Examples 4 and 5 were more excellent in transparency and retardation than the optically anisotropic body obtained in Comparative Example 2.
[0097]
【The invention's effect】
The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains a polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) having a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group at a molecular terminal. Since the polymerizable compound does not have a polar group such as a cyano group, it has a small dipole moment, and can be used in a polymerizable liquid crystal composition to suppress the polarity of the entire system.
As a result, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention containing the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) has a C-N transition such as the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (3). It has good compatibility with liquid crystal compounds having a small dipole moment that has the effect of lowering the temperature, and exhibits a liquid crystal phase stably for a long time even when mixed. Further, even if a compound having a large dipole moment such as a cyano group is mixed with the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the polarity of the entire system does not extremely increase. Since the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1) has a swallow tail skeleton, the polymerizable compound is similar to a swallow tail type polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a similar skeleton and having a polar group such as a cyano group at a molecular terminal. Excellent compatibility.
The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a small dipole moment even if the compounding amount of a liquid crystal compound that is not a swallow tail type is reduced, so that the polymerizable liquid crystal composition exhibits a nematic phase stably at 25 ° C. for a long time. Since it can be prepared, the concentration of the swallow tail type liquid crystal compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition can be increased. Therefore, an optically anisotropic body having excellent anisotropy and transparency can be obtained. In particular, when the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2) is blended, an optically anisotropic body having more excellent transparency can be obtained.

Claims (4)

一般式(1)で表される重合性化合物を含有することを特徴とする重合性液晶組成物。
Figure 2004059772
(1)
(式中、Rは、水素原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜20のアルコキシ基を表し、A、B及びDは六員環であり、各々独立的にベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環、シクロヘキセン環、ヘテロ原子として酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子を含有するヘテロ環を表す。六員環A、B及びDは、該環上の一つ以上の水素原子が、炭素原子数1〜7のアルキル基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルカノイル基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていても良い。Y及びYは、各々独立的に、単結合、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH−、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO−、−OCHCHCH−、−CH=CH−CHCH−、−CHCH−CH=CH−、−CH=CH−CO−O−及び−OCO−CH=CH−からなる群から選ばれる連結基を表わす。X及びXは、各々独立的に単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−を表し、S及びSは、各々独立的に−C2m−、又は−(C2m−O)−C2m−を表わす(ここで、mは1〜20の整数を表し、nは1〜10の整数を表す。)。L及びLは、各々独立的に水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
A polymerizable liquid crystal composition comprising a polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (1).
Figure 2004059772
(1)
(Wherein, R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A, B and D are 6-membered rings, each independently a benzene ring, And a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring, or a hetero ring containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom, and the six-membered rings A, B, and D each have one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring represented by a carbon atom number 1-7 alkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, alkanoyl group or may .Y 1 and Y 2 may be substituted by a halogen atom, having 1 to 7 carbon atoms are each independently a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CO-O -, - OCO -, - C≡C -, - CH = CH -, - CF = CF-, - (CH 2) 4 -, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 H 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CH-CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 -CH = CH -, - selected from CH = CH-CO-O- and -OCO-CH = CH- group consisting X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a single bond, —O—, —CO—O—, or —OCO—, and S 1 and S 2 each independently represent —C m H 2m -, or - represents a - (C m H 2m -O) n -C m H 2m ( where, m represents an integer of 1 to 20, n is an integer of 1 to 10.). L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.)
一般式(2)で表される重合性化合物を含有する請求項1に記載の重合性液晶組成物。
Figure 2004059772
(2)
(式中、L、L、及びLは各々独立的に水素原子又はメチル基を表し、S、S、及びSは、各々独立的に−C2m−、又は−(C2m−O)−C2m−を表わす(ここで、mは1〜20の整数を表し、nは1〜10の整数を表す。)。X、X、及びXは各々独立的に、単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−を表し、E、G及びJは六員環であり、各々独立的にベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環、シクロヘキセン環、ヘテロ原子として酸素原子、窒素原子、又は硫黄原子を含有するヘテロ環を表す。六員環E、G及びJは、該環上の一つ以上の水素原子が、炭素原子数1〜7のアルキル基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1〜7のアルカノイル基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていても良い。Y及びYは、各々独立的に、単結合、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH− 、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO− 、 −OCHCHCH−、−CH=CH−CHCH−、−CHCH−CH=CH−、−CH=CH−CO−O−及び−OCO−CH=CH−からなる群から選ばれる連結基を表わす。)
The polymerizable liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (2).
Figure 2004059772
(2)
(In the formula, L 3 , L 4 , and L 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and S 3 , S 4 , and S 5 each independently represent —C m H 2m — or — (C m H 2m -O) n -C m H 2m -. (. , where, m represents an integer of 1 to 20, n is an integer of 1 to 10) representing the X 3, X 4 and, X 5 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—O—, or —OCO—; E, G, and J each represent a six-membered ring, and each independently represents a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, A cyclohexene ring, a hetero ring containing an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom, and the six-membered rings E, G, and J have one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring having 1 to 1 carbon atoms. An alkyl group having 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkanoyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or halogen Are good .Y 3 and Y 4 also have the substituent on the child, as each independently a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, -CO-O -, - OCO -, - C≡C -, - CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = , - - CH-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -CH = CH -, - represent CH = CH-CO-O- and -OCO-CH = CH- linking group selected from the group consisting of).
一般式(3)で表される重合性化合物を含有する請求項1に記載の重合性液晶組成物。
Figure 2004059772
(3)
(式中、Lは水素原子又はメチル基を表し、K、M、及びNは六員環であり、各々独立的にベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環又はシクロヘキセン環を表し、Y及びYは各々独立的に、単結合、−CHCH−、−CHO−、−OCH− 、−CO−O−、−OCO−、−C≡C−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−(CH−、−CHCHCHO− 、 −OCHCHCH−、−CH=CH−CHCH−、−CHCH−CH=CH−、−CH=CH−CO−O−及び−OCO−CH=CH−からなる群から選ばれる連結基を表わし、rは0又は1の整数を表す。Yは、単結合、−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−を表し、Zは、Yが単結合の場合に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、又は炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基を表し、Yが−O−、−CO−O−、又は−OCO−の場合に、水素原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、又は炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基を表す。)
The polymerizable liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, comprising a polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (3).
Figure 2004059772
(3)
(Wherein, L 6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, K, M, and N are a six-membered ring, each independently represents a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a cyclohexene ring, and Y 5 and Y 6 are each independently a single bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, -CO-O -, - OCO -, - C≡C -, - CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CH-CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 -CH = CH -, - CH = CH-CO -O- and represents -OCO-CH = CH- linking group selected from the group consisting of, .Y 7 r is an integer of 0 or 1, a single bond, -O- , -CO-O-, or -OCO- represents, Z 1, when Y 7 is a single bond, a hydrogen atom, c Gen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Y 7 is -O -, - CO-O-, or -OCO- in the case of a hydrogen atom Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.)
請求項1に記載の重合性液晶組成物が液晶相を示す温度範囲内で、該重合性液晶組成物中の重合性化合物を重合させて得られる光学異方体。An optically anisotropic body obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition within a temperature range in which the polymerizable liquid crystal composition according to claim 1 exhibits a liquid crystal phase.
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