JP2004043210A - Piezoelectric porcelain formulation - Google Patents

Piezoelectric porcelain formulation Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004043210A
JP2004043210A JP2002200108A JP2002200108A JP2004043210A JP 2004043210 A JP2004043210 A JP 2004043210A JP 2002200108 A JP2002200108 A JP 2002200108A JP 2002200108 A JP2002200108 A JP 2002200108A JP 2004043210 A JP2004043210 A JP 2004043210A
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Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
formulation
composition
piezoelectric porcelain
lead oxide
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JP2002200108A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuki Takashima
鷹島 康樹
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Tokin Corp
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NEC Tokin Corp
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Priority to JP2002200108A priority Critical patent/JP2004043210A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive piezoelectric porcelain formulation which does not contains a lead oxide component and has excellent piezoelectric properties. <P>SOLUTION: In the formulation having following chemical formula: [Bi<SB>0.5</SB>(Na<SB>1-x</SB>K<SB>x</SB>)<SB>0.5</SB>][Ti<SB>1-y</SB>(M<SB>a</SB>V<SB>1-a</SB>)]O<SB>3</SB>, the formulation range of x, y and a and an element M are selected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、圧電振動子、圧電アクチュエータ、圧力センサ等の圧電デバイスに使用される圧電磁器組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、圧電デバイスに用いられる圧電磁器組成物としては、PbTiOやPbZrOを主成分とする圧電セラミックス(以下、PZT系圧電セラミックスと略す)や、PZT系圧電セラミックスに複合ペロブスカイト類を第三や第四成分として固溶させた多成分系PZT系圧電セラミックスに代表されるように、主成分として酸化鉛を含有するものがほとんどである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、これらの酸化鉛を含有する圧電セラミックスは、その製造プロセス中において酸化鉛成分の流出や揮発が免れ得ない。また、産業廃棄物中に、これらの酸化鉛を含有する圧電セラミックスが含まれている場合、焼却灰や溶出による環境汚染が考えられる。そのため、酸化鉛成分を外部環境に排出させない対策が必要となり、膨大なコストが発生する。これらのことから、無酸化鉛圧電材料を供することは、環境対策だけではなく製造コストの面からもきわめて有用であり、その出現が強く求められている。
【0004】
前述の要求に応えるべく、最近では、様々な組成系において無酸化鉛圧電材料の研究が行われており、実際に酸化鉛を含まない圧電セラミックスに関する公知文献として、BiNaTiO系の圧電セラミックスの公開特許である、特開平11−171643や特開2000−143339等がある。該公開特許の圧電セラミックスのでは、未だ十分な圧電特性は得られておらず、改善が求められている。
【0005】
そこで、本発明は、前述の要求に鑑みてなされたもので、酸化鉛成分を含有せずに優れた圧電特性を有する、安価な圧電磁器組成物を提供することを目的としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、化学式[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(M1−a]Oで表される組成物で、x、y、aがモル比で0<x<1、0<y≦0.3、0.2≦a≦0.6であり、Mが1価から3価の価数をとる元素とすることで、鉛を含有せず優れた圧電磁器組成物を得ることが出来、特に、MがLi、Na、K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sn、Al、Sc、Cr、Y、Ga、Sbのうち少なくとも一種とすることで、優れた圧電特性を有する圧電磁器組成物を得ることができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、Bi−Na−Ti系圧電セラミックスにおいて、Naの一部をKで置換し、さらにTiの一部を(M1−a)(M:1価から3価の価数をとる元素)で置換することにより、圧電特性および誘電特性を改善させるもので、それぞれの置換量を0<x<1、0<y≦0.3、0.2≦a≦0.6としたのは、この範囲以外では圧電特性が低下するためである。
【0008】
この圧電材料において、K、(M1−a)(M:1価から3価の価数をとる元素)は、それぞれNa、Tiサイトを置換していると考えられるが、その一部が他のサイト、もしくは結晶粒界部分に存在していてもよい。また、構成元素の各モル比は、5mol%以下であれば、ずれていてもよく、2at%以下の不純物元素が混入していてもよい。また、セラミックスの製造方法は、一般的な製造方法であればよく、特に限定するものではない。
【0009】
以下に、実施例をもとに、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0010】
(実施例)
本発明の実施例として、一般市販の化学的に高純度のBi、NaCO、KCO、TiO、Al、LiCO、V、MgO、MnCO、Fe、NiO、Co、Sc、SnO、Sbを用い、[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(M1−a]O(0<x<1、0<y≦0.3、0.2≦a≦0.6、M=Al、Li、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Sc、Sn、Sb)の組成範囲となるように配合し、該配合粉末をアルコールとジルコニアボールを用いて、ボールミル中で40時間混合した。これを乾燥し、大気中で800℃〜1000℃の温度で1時間仮焼した。
【0011】
次に、該仮焼粉末を再度、前記ボールミルで20時間湿式粉砕を行った。乾燥して得られた粉末をポリビニルアルコールをバインダーとして造粒し、一軸加圧成形機により1.5×10MPaの圧力で、直径20mm、厚さ1.5mmの円板状に成形し、該円板状成形体を大気中1050℃〜1250℃の温度で2時間焼成した。得られた焼結体の上下面を厚さ1mmまで平行研磨し、研磨面に銀電極を塗布、焼き付けし、100℃のシリコーンオイル中で4〜7kV/mmの電界強度の直流電圧を15分間印加して厚み方向に分極し、圧電特性測定用試料とした。
【0012】
圧電特性は、インピーダンスアナライザ(HP4194A)を使用して、共振−反共振法で求め、表1に示した。表1中のktは厚さ方向振動、kpは径方向振動の電気機械結合係数、Qmは機械的品質係数、ε33 /εは比誘電率をそれぞれ示す。また、比較例として、本発明の請求範囲外の組成物を、前述の実施例と同様の製造方法で製造し、圧電特性を測定し、測定結果を前記表1に示した。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 2004043210
【0014】
表1より明らかに、Naの一部をK、Tiの一部を(M1−a)(M=Al、Li、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Sc、Sn、Sb)で置換した実施例は、比較例より圧電特性が向上している。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、化学式[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(M1−a]Oの組成物において、x、y、aの組成範囲とMの元素を選択することで、通常市販の安価な原料酸化物を使用し、通常の粉末冶金的プロセスで、酸化鉛を含有せず、優れた圧電特性を有する圧電磁器組成物を得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric ceramic composition used for a piezoelectric device such as a piezoelectric vibrator, a piezoelectric actuator, and a pressure sensor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, piezoelectric ceramic compositions used for piezoelectric devices include piezoelectric ceramics containing PbTiO 3 and PbZrO 3 as main components (hereinafter abbreviated as PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics), and composite perovskites in PZT-based piezoelectric ceramics. Most of them contain lead oxide as a main component, as typified by multi-component PZT piezoelectric ceramics dissolved as a fourth component.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the lead oxide-containing piezoelectric ceramics cannot escape the outflow and volatilization of the lead oxide component during the manufacturing process. When industrial waste contains piezoelectric ceramics containing these lead oxides, environmental pollution due to incineration ash or elution is considered. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the lead oxide component from being discharged to the external environment, resulting in a huge cost. For these reasons, providing a lead-free piezoelectric material is extremely useful not only in terms of environmental measures but also in terms of manufacturing cost, and its appearance is strongly demanded.
[0004]
In order to meet the above-mentioned demands, recently, lead-free piezoelectric materials have been studied in various composition systems, and BiNaTiO 3 -based piezoelectric ceramics have been disclosed as a publicly known document on piezoelectric ceramics actually containing no lead oxide. There are JP-A-11-171643 and JP-A-2000-143339, which are patents. In the piezoelectric ceramics disclosed in the patent, sufficient piezoelectric characteristics have not yet been obtained, and improvement is required.
[0005]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned requirements, and has as its object to provide an inexpensive piezoelectric ceramic composition having excellent piezoelectric characteristics without containing a lead oxide component.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the chemical formula [Bi 0.5 (Na 1-x K x) 0.5] [Ti 1-y (M a V 1-a) y] composition represented by O 3, x , Y, and a are molar ratios of 0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.3, 0.2 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, and M is a monovalent to trivalent element. Thus, an excellent piezoelectric ceramic composition containing no lead can be obtained. In particular, M is Li, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sn, Al, Sc, and Cr. , Y, Ga, and Sb, a piezoelectric ceramic composition having excellent piezoelectric properties can be obtained.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a Bi—Na—Ti based piezoelectric ceramic in which a part of Na is replaced with K, and a part of Ti is further changed from (M a V 1−a ) (M: from 1 valence to 3 valence). (Elements to be taken) to improve the piezoelectric properties and the dielectric properties, and the respective replacement amounts are 0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.3, and 0.2 ≦ a ≦ 0.6. This is because the piezoelectric characteristics are degraded outside this range.
[0008]
In this piezoelectric material, K and (M a V 1-a ) (M: an element having a valence of 3 to 3 valences) are considered to replace the Na and Ti sites, respectively. May be present at other sites or at grain boundary portions. In addition, as long as the molar ratio of each constituent element is 5 mol% or less, the constituent elements may be shifted or may contain an impurity element of 2 at% or less. The method for producing ceramics is not particularly limited as long as it is a general production method.
[0009]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.
[0010]
(Example)
Examples of the present invention include commercially available chemically pure Bi 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , V 2 O 5 , and MgO. , MnCO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, Co 3 O 4 , Sc 2 O 3 , SnO, Sb 2 O 3 and [Bi 0.5 (Na 1-x K x ) 0.5 ] [Ti 1 -y (M a V 1-a ) y] O 3 (0 <x <1,0 <y ≦ 0.3,0.2 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, M = Al, Li, Mg, Mn, Fe , Ni, Co, Sc, Sn, and Sb), and the blended powder was mixed with alcohol and zirconia balls in a ball mill for 40 hours. This was dried and calcined in the atmosphere at a temperature of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for 1 hour.
[0011]
Next, the calcined powder was again wet-pulverized by the ball mill for 20 hours. The powder obtained by drying is granulated using polyvinyl alcohol as a binder, and molded into a disc having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm by a uniaxial pressing machine at a pressure of 1.5 × 10 2 MPa, The disc-shaped compact was fired in the atmosphere at a temperature of 1050 ° C to 1250 ° C for 2 hours. The upper and lower surfaces of the obtained sintered body were polished in parallel to a thickness of 1 mm, a silver electrode was applied to the polished surface and baked, and a direct current voltage of 4 to 7 kV / mm in a silicone oil at 100 ° C. was applied for 15 minutes. The sample was applied and polarized in the thickness direction to obtain a sample for measuring piezoelectric characteristics.
[0012]
The piezoelectric characteristics were determined by a resonance-antiresonance method using an impedance analyzer (HP4194A), and are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, kt indicates the thickness direction vibration, kp indicates the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the radial direction vibration, Qm indicates the mechanical quality coefficient, and ε 33 T / ε 0 indicates the relative dielectric constant. Further, as a comparative example, a composition outside the scope of the present invention was produced by the same production method as in the above-mentioned examples, and the piezoelectric characteristics were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 above.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004043210
[0014]
It is clear from Table 1 that part of Na is K and part of Ti is (M a V 1-a ) (M = Al, Li, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Sc, Sn, Sb). The replaced example has improved piezoelectric characteristics as compared with the comparative example.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the chemical formula [Bi 0.5 (Na 1-x K x) 0.5] [Ti 1-y (M a V 1-a) y] O 3 By selecting the composition range of x, y, a and the element of M in the composition of the above, usually using a commercially available inexpensive raw material oxide, in a normal powder metallurgy process, do not contain lead oxide, A piezoelectric ceramic composition having excellent piezoelectric properties can be obtained.

Claims (2)

化学式[Bi0.5(Na1−x0.5][Ti1−y(M1−a]Oで表される組成物で、x、y、aがモル比で0<x<1、0<y≦0.3、0.2≦a≦0.6であり、Mが1価から3価の価数をとる元素であることを特徴とする圧電磁器組成物。In the formula [Bi 0.5 (Na 1-x K x) 0.5] [Ti 1-y (M a V 1-a) y] composition represented by O 3, x, y, a molar A piezoelectric ceramic wherein the ratio is 0 <x <1, 0 <y ≦ 0.3, 0.2 ≦ a ≦ 0.6, and M is an element having a valence of 1 to 3 Composition. 請求項1に記載の圧電磁器組成物において、MがLi、Na、K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sn、Al、Sc、Cr、Y、Ga、Sbのうち少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする圧電磁器組成物。2. The piezoelectric ceramic composition according to claim 1, wherein M is at least one of Li, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sn, Al, Sc, Cr, Y, Ga, and Sb. A piezoelectric ceramic composition, which is a kind.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008239482A (en) * 2008-04-25 2008-10-09 Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd Piezoelectric ceramic composition, method for producing piezoelectric ceramic composition and piezoelectric ceramic component
JP2010215435A (en) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-30 Nec Tokin Corp Piezoelectric ceramic and method for producing the same
JP2012254912A (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-12-27 Nec Tokin Corp Piezoelectric ceramic, and stacked piezoelectric device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008239482A (en) * 2008-04-25 2008-10-09 Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd Piezoelectric ceramic composition, method for producing piezoelectric ceramic composition and piezoelectric ceramic component
JP2010215435A (en) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-30 Nec Tokin Corp Piezoelectric ceramic and method for producing the same
JP2012254912A (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-12-27 Nec Tokin Corp Piezoelectric ceramic, and stacked piezoelectric device

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